Background technique
Motor is one of core technology of electric car.The design method and traditional industry of driving motor for electric automobile are used
The design of motor is different.Traditional industry often operates in its rated point with motor, and design is for Rated motor point parameter
Optimization design;And driving motor for electric automobile needs the wide range of speeds, in low speed Shi You great torque, in high speed Shi You great
Power, and motor is required to have higher operational efficiency, therefore the design of driving motor for electric automobile in the wide range of speeds
It is the optimization design to motor whole service region.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor is common driving motor in electric car.Magneto has high power density and torque close
Degree, small in size, high-efficient, the good advantage of low-speed characteristic.In low speed, permanent magnet synchronous motor can provide big driving moment,
And its efficient region is mainly distributed near rated point, therefore permanent magnet synchronous motor also has very high operational efficiency in low speed,
There is good low-speed characteristic.But excitation is carried out using permanent magnet in permanent magnet synchronous motor, weak magnetic ability is limited, when driving electricity
When pressure saturation is needed through weak magnetic come raising speed, raising speed effect is often bad, or even has the risk for causing permanent magnet permanently to demagnetize.This
Outside, when motor operation is more than base speed, the decline of permanent magnet synchronous electric engine efficiency is very fast, and high speed performance is bad.
Induction machine is also common driving motor in electric car.Induction electromotor rotor uses squirrel-cage bar or winding-type knot
Structure.It is compared with permanent magnet synchronous motor, the weak magnetic of induction machine is easy to accomplish, and flux-weakening ratio is high, therefore induction machine is more same than permanent magnetism
Step motor has the broader range of speeds.In addition, with the raising of motor speed, the efficiency of induction machine declines more than base speed
It is slow compared with magneto, thus the high efficient district of induction machine is distributed near the above nominal torque point of base speed, induction machine is in high speed
Area efficiency is high, advantageous in high velocity.But induction machine takes the mode of electrical excitation to carry out excitation, power density and torque
Density is lower.And in low speed, induction machine efficiency is lower.
Therefore, used in the electric car for motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor and induction machine are all because respective
Defect and be difficult to meet the demand for having higher operational efficiency in the wide range of speeds.
Summary of the invention
Low speed cannot be combined the invention aims to solving driving motor used in existing electric car to turn greatly
The problem of operating status of square and high-speed high-power, provides a kind of hybrid modularization cascade electric system of permanent magnet induction.
The hybrid modularization of permanent magnet induction of the present invention cascades electric system, it includes a permanent magnet synchronous motors and one
Platform induction machine, it further includes two clutches,
The main shaft of permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected to form cascade form with the main shaft of induction machine, and every motor is correspondingly connected with
One clutch, two motors are identical as the form of clutch connection respectively;Clutch is mounted on each rotor inner surface
Between the outerface of spindle.
The clutch be unidirectional mechanical freewheel clutch, the unidirectional mechanical freewheel clutch include clutch stator, from
Clutch rotor and voussoir, clutch stator and rotor inner surface are cooperatively connected, and clutch rotor and the outerface of spindle cooperate
Connection is voussoir between clutch stator and clutch rotor;After the cascade of two motors, the rotation side that keeps two clutches locked
To identical.
Advantages of the present invention: the present invention combines permanent magnet synchronous motor and induction machine, respectively takes its chief.Every motor
Rotor and main shaft between be mounted with clutch, so that two motors is worked at the same time or is worked independently in this way.
Low speed permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-speed induction motor are coaxially cascaded into use, permanent magnet synchronous motor can be made full use of
The excellent high speed characteristics of excellent low-speed characteristic and induction machine;Permanent magnet synchronous motor and induction machine are due to there is different ginsengs
Number, therefore available special system external characteristics, make system have the characteristic of low speed high torque and high-speed high-power;By reasonable
Control strategy, the efficient region of system can expand, it is ensured that system has higher efficiency in the wide range of speeds;From
The use of clutch, so that being directly connected to the drawbacks of there is technical issues that between two motors and having obtained effective gram
Clothes, and when one of motor breaks down, another motor still can work, make system have preferable reliability and
Fault-tolerant ability.
Specific embodiment 1: illustrating present embodiment, permanent magnet induction described in present embodiment below with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4
Hybrid modularization cascades electric system, it includes a permanent magnet synchronous motors and an induction machine, it further include two from
Clutch,
The main shaft of permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected to form cascade form with the main shaft of induction machine, and every motor is correspondingly connected with
One clutch, two motors are identical as the form of clutch connection respectively;Clutch is mounted on each rotor inner surface
Between the outerface of spindle.
The clutch be unidirectional mechanical freewheel clutch, the unidirectional mechanical freewheel clutch include clutch stator 3-1,
Clutch rotor 3-2 and voussoir, clutch stator 3-1 and rotor inner surface are cooperatively connected, clutch rotor 3-2 and main shaft
Outer surface is cooperatively connected, and is voussoir between clutch stator 3-1 and clutch rotor 3-2;After the cascade of two motors, make two from
The locked direction of rotation of clutch is identical.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor includes magneto main shaft 1-1, permanent magnet machine rotor 1-2, permanent magnet motor stator 1-3, permanent magnetism
Motor case 1-4, magneto drive end bearing bracket 1-5, magneto rear end cap 1-6 and permanent magnet 1-7,
Magneto casing 1-4 is cylindrical shape, and permanent magnet motor stator 1-3 is arranged on the inner wall of magneto casing 1-4,
Permanent magnet machine rotor 1-2 is connected on magneto main shaft 1-1 by clutch, and permanent magnet machine rotor 1-2 and magneto are fixed
It is air gap between sub- 1-3;The both ends of magneto casing 1-4 are equipped with magneto drive end bearing bracket 1-5 and magneto rear end cap 1-
Seam allowance is set on 6, magneto drive end bearing bracket 1-5 and magneto casing 1-4 is fitted close, is set on magneto rear end cap 1-6
It sets two-way seam allowance and magneto casing 1-4 is fitted close;Permanent magnet 1-7 setting is in the outer surface permanent magnet machine rotor 1-2 or inserts
Enter inside permanent magnet machine rotor 1-2;
Induction machine includes induction machine main shaft 2-1, induction electromotor rotor 2-2, induction machine stator 2-3, induction machine
Casing 2-4, induction machine drive end bearing bracket 2-5 and induction machine rear end cap 2-6,
Induction machine casing 2-4 is cylindrical shape, and induction machine stator 2-3 is arranged on the inner wall of induction machine casing 2-4,
Induction electromotor rotor 2-2 is connected on induction machine main shaft 2-1 by clutch, and induction electromotor rotor 2-2 and induction machine are fixed
It is air gap between sub- 2-3;The both ends of induction machine casing 2-4 are equipped with induction machine drive end bearing bracket 2-5 and induction machine rear end cap 2-
Seam allowance is set on 6, induction machine drive end bearing bracket 2-5 and induction machine casing 2-4 is fitted close, is set on induction machine rear end cap 2-6
It sets two-way seam allowance and induction machine casing 2-4 is fitted close.
It further include a position sensor for every motor, position sensor is mounted on corresponding motor rotor tip.Peace
After dress, it is discrete state between position sensor and electric machine main shaft, is not directly contacted with.
The position sensor is rotary transformer.
It further include the rotary transformer rotor support base 4 of the setting that matches for every motor;Rotary transformer packet
Rotary transformer rotor 5-1 and rotary transformer stator 5-2 are included,
Rotary transformer rotor support base 4 is mounted between the rear end cap of corresponding motor and rotor end-face, and is fixed on phase
On the end face for answering rotor or clutch, the inner cavity of rotary transformer rotor support base 4 is cylindrical shape, is sleeved on corresponding motor
The outer surface of main shaft, and have gap between corresponding motor main shaft;Rotary transformer rotor 5-1 is mounted on rotary transformer rotor
On support base 4, rotary transformer stator 5-2 is mounted on corresponding motor rear end cap, rotary transformer rotor 5-1 and rotation transformation
For along the air gap of corresponding motor radial direction between device stator 5-2.
It is external splines structure or flat key structure, prime that the axis of magneto main shaft 1-1 and induction machine main shaft 2-1, which are stretched,
The rear end of electric machine main shaft has internal splined hole or the flat key hole that cooperation is stretched with the axis of rear class electric machine main shaft.
The main shaft of every motor is connected by bearing with corresponding drive end bearing bracket and rear end cap.
Induction electromotor rotor 2-2 is around linear or squirrel-cage bar structure.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor is low speed large torque moment permanent-magnet synchronous motor forever, and induction machine is high-speed high-power induced electricity
The selection of machine, permanent magnet synchronous motor and induction machine meets claimed below:
In formula, nN_pmsmFor the rated speed of permanent magnet synchronous motor, nN_imFor the rated speed of induction machine;
nmax_pmsmFor the maximum speed of permanent magnet synchronous motor, nmax_imFor the maximum speed of induction machine;
Tmax_pmsmThe peak torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor, Tmax_imFor the peak torque of induction machine.
In present embodiment, permanent magnet synchronous motor is and the main shaft of two motors of induction machine front and back is in turn connected to form grade
Join the axis of motor.For every motor, casing and drive end bearing bracket and rear end cap are not fastened by screw in outer portion.Drive end bearing bracket is with after
End cap be it is with rounded corners rectangular, have identical through-hole on four turnings respectively, the rear end cap and rear class of prime motor when cascade
The front end cover screw of motor is fastened through the through-hole, and the drive end bearing bracket of rear class motor and the rear end cap of prime motor also pass through seam allowance phase
Interworking merges fixes from outside, ultimately forms entire electric system, can guarantee the concentricity of two main shafts and front and rear cover.
The effect of clutch is that realize two motors in movement mechanically decoupled.When only 1 motor work, clutch
Device can be to avoid inoperative motor to the load effect of work drive motor, to improve efficiency.Wherein a clutch is locked, then accordingly
Rotor rotates together with main shaft, and rotor is through clutch output torque;Another clutch is in Unlocked state, makes
Rotor is separated with main shaft, and the revolving speed and torque of rotor are not transferred to main shaft, in this way, make the operation of two motors from
It mechanically realizes separation, is independent of each other.After 2 motor cascades, it need to guarantee the rotation that 2 motors keep unidirectional mechanical clutch locked
It is identical to turn direction.
For every motor, when motor itself does not use position Sensorless Control, it can also include position sensing
Device, Position Sensor of the present invention use rotary transformer, and the mounting means of above-mentioned rotary transformer makes rotary transformer rotor
5-1 and rotary transformer rotor support base 4 can follow corresponding motor rotor to rotate together, rotate without being driven by main shaft.
Two motors can not also install clutch, as shown in Figure 4 when using method for controlling position-less sensor.
Two motors in present system are modularized design and are that modularization uses, and 2 motors can work independently.
When wherein 1 motor breaks down and needs repairing, point of module motor can be realized by the main shaft and end cap of separation cooperation
From.