CN106532236A - Small fishbone antenna and antenna system suitable for rotating receiving - Google Patents

Abstract

A small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving. The antenna includes a central truss. Impedance converters and terminal resistors are respectively installed at both ends of the central truss. A middle tower is installed in the middle of the central truss. The top of the middle tower is connected to the two The central trusses on the side are tensioned by stay wires, and more than two vibrators are arranged at equal intervals along the central truss. Each vibrator is coupled to the impedance transformers and terminal resistors at both ends of the central truss through the above-mentioned collection line. The small herringbone antenna and antenna system suitable for rotating receiving disclosed by the present invention greatly reduces the size of the antenna surface through optimization, so that the antenna can be designed with a hard structure; the shape of the antenna surface depends on the rigidity of the hard structure itself and its own pull wire Complete, no mast is needed, only a single tower support is needed at the center of gravity of the antenna, creating structural conditions for the antenna to rotate and ensure excellent communication effects.

Description

A Small Herringbone Antenna and Antenna System Suitable for Rotating Receiver

technical field

The invention relates to the field of short-wave communication antennas, in particular to a small herringbone antenna and antenna system used in short-wave communication and suitable for rotating reception.

Background technique

The fishbone antenna is a traveling-wave antenna applied to the short-wave band, and is often used for receiving signals. The antenna has the characteristics of strong directional pattern, low elevation angle, and small sidelobe level. It is now widely used in medium and long-range short-wave communication, detection, direction finding and other fields.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fishbone antenna. It can be seen that the antenna is composed of many symmetrical oscillators, and these oscillators with equal spacing are connected to the collection line with coupling elements. At the end of the collective line facing the communication direction, connect a resistor equal to the characteristic impedance of the line. The other end of the assembly line is connected to the receiver through the radio frequency cable after being changed by the impedance changer.

Electromagnetic energy is received by a symmetrical oscillator, and the electromotive force induced by the received wave on the symmetrical oscillator generates a voltage on the assembly line. The equivalent circuit diagram of the fishbone antenna is shown in Figure 2. In the equivalent circuit diagram, the symmetrical oscillator uses the electromotive force e and impedance Z _e and 2Z _ce are replaced, where Z _e is the input impedance of the vibrator, and 2Z _ce is the series impedance of the two coupling elements.

The conventional herringbone antennas currently in use are in the form of 21 yuan and 28 yuan. The lengths of these two antennas are 88m and 119m respectively, and 6 masts are needed to hang the antenna surface. The disadvantages of conventional herringbone antennas are: large footprint, high cost, and inability to maneuver; and the soft structure is difficult to form, difficult to erect, and the erection cycle is long.

In the existing domestic and foreign herringbone antenna products, no miniaturized herringbone antenna suitable for rotating work has appeared.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small herringbone antenna and antenna system suitable for rotating reception.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating reception, the improvement is that the antenna includes a central truss, impedance converters and terminal resistors are respectively installed at both ends of the central truss, and a middle tower is installed in the middle of the central truss The top of the middle tower and the center truss on both sides are tensioned by cables, and more than two vibrators are arranged at equal intervals along the center truss. A collection line is passed through the coupler, and each vibrator is coupled with the impedance transformers and terminal resistors at both ends of the central truss through the collection line.

Further, the central truss is a triangular tower with a length of 24.2 meters.

Further, the middle tower is a square angle steel tower, and a lightning rod is installed on the top of the middle tower.

Further, the vibrator has a length of 12 meters.

Further, the distance between the vibrators is 2.2 meters.

Further, a rod-shaped upper bracket and a V-shaped lower bracket are provided at the positions where the center truss corresponds to each vibrator. The top of the rod-shaped upper bracket is tightened by pull wires on both sides of the corresponding vibrator, and the V-shaped lower bracket The two sides of the vibrator corresponding to the bottom are tightened by a pull wire.

Further, the vibrator is connected with the stay wire through the stay wire hoop.

Further, the vibrator is composed of a left half and a right half, and the two parts are connected by glass fiber rods and fixed with conductive bolts.

Further, the coupler is provided with a conductive clip, and a collection wire is passed through the conductive clip, and the collection wire is coupled with each vibrator through a jumper wire on the coupler.

A small herringbone antenna system suitable for rotating reception, using the above-mentioned antenna, its improvement is that: the support tower installed on the ground is connected to the antenna through a turntable installed on the top, and the turntable is composed of a turntable The control system controls the rotation, and the antenna is powered by the antenna feed system.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The small herringbone antenna and antenna system suitable for rotating receiving disclosed by the present invention greatly reduces the size of the antenna surface through optimization, so that the antenna can be designed with a hard structure; the shape of the antenna surface depends on the rigidity of the hard structure itself and its own pull wire Complete, no mast is needed, only a single tower support is needed at the center of gravity of the antenna, creating structural conditions for the antenna to rotate and ensure excellent communication effects.

The small herringbone antenna and antenna system suitable for rotating receiving disclosed by the present invention have small size. The surface size of the traditional 21-element herringbone antenna is 96m×26m, and the surface size of the small herringbone antenna is only 25m×12m. 1/4 the size of the antenna; less support, the traditional fishbone antenna needs 6 towers to support, and the small fishbone antenna only needs 1 supporting tower; the footprint is small, and a pair of traditional fishbone antenna system occupies at least 2500m ² , A small fishbone antenna system in the form of a support tower only needs to occupy an area of 25m ² , which is 1/100 the size of the traditional fishbone antenna; it can be rotated, while the traditional fishbone antenna cannot be rotated and can only receive signals in a fixed direction , the small fishbone antenna can work with the rotation of the turntable, and can receive signals in all directions. In theory, a pair of antennas can almost complete the work of a traditional fishbone antenna and a circular antenna array; the shape is good, and the traditional fishbone antenna is soft. There is a certain sag when rotating the fishbone antenna. Due to its small size, it is possible to use a hard structure and a good molding effect; the structure is easy. The traditional fishbone antenna has at least 21 pairs of vibrators, and each of the 6 support towers has two layers of three-way cables, a total of 36. Pull wire, complex structure, visually messy, rotating fishbone antenna only has 12 pairs of hard structure vibrator, support tower has no pull wire, simple structure, visually beautiful; erection is easy, in terms of erection construction, traditional fishbone antenna needs to be installed when the antenna surface is raised Bypassing the two-layer supporting tower cable, the process is complicated and requires the cooperation of nearly 20 people. The small fishbone antenna can be hoisted as a whole after the ground assembly is completed. It only needs 5 people to complete. The erection is simple and labor-saving; easy to repair and maintain On the one hand, because the antenna surface of the traditional fishbone antenna bears the forming tension, it is often necessary to put down the antenna as a whole for fault maintenance. .

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fishbone antenna in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a fishbone antenna in the prior art;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a small fishbone antenna disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of installing a lightning rod on the top of the middle tower disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the V-shaped lower bracket disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the vibrator disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the coupler disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 3, this embodiment discloses a small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving letters. It adopts a hard structure design, with a central truss as the main beam, and the vibrator is made of light-weight anti-rust aluminum pipe hard Structure, and fixed on the main beam, the antenna's own sag, wind speed influence, moment of inertia and other problems can be solved by the four directions of the cable and the rigidity of the antenna itself. Specifically: the antenna includes a center truss 1, an impedance transformer 2 and a terminal resistor 3 are respectively installed at both ends of the center truss 1, and a middle tower 4 is installed in the middle of the center truss 1, and the top of the middle tower 4 and the two sides The center trusses 1 are tensioned by stay wires 5, and more than two vibrators 6 are arranged at equal intervals along the center truss 1, and the distance between each vibrator 6 and the center truss 1 is tensioned by stay wires 5, and a coupler 7 is installed on the center truss 1 , The coupler 7 is threaded with a collection line 8, and each vibrator 6 is coupled with the impedance transformer 2 and the terminal resistor 3 at both ends of the central truss 1 through the above-mentioned collection line 8.

As an alternative, in this embodiment, the length of the central truss is greatly reduced. The central truss is a triangular tower with a length of 24.2 meters. The length of the central truss of the fishbone antenna determines whether it can be used as a rotating The decisive factor for the use of the antenna is to comprehensively consider the rotation flexibility and the requirements for the direction coefficient. After repeated calculations, the length of the central truss is shortened from 88 meters to 24.2 meters. As shown in Figure 4, the middle tower is a square angle steel tower, and a lightning rod 9 is installed on the top of the middle tower 4. Reasonably design the length of the vibrator. The length of the vibrator is 12 meters. On the basis of ensuring the directional coefficient of the low frequency end, it is ensured that there is no side lobe in the horizontal direction at the high frequency end, and the length of the vibrator is shortened from 16 meters to 12 meters. Reasonably select the spacing of the dipoles. In order to ensure the uniformity of the collection line characteristics and reduce the complexity of the antenna as much as possible, the distance between the dipoles is reduced to 2.2 meters. A rod-shaped upper bracket and a V-shaped lower bracket are also provided at the positions corresponding to the central truss and each vibrator. The top of the rod-shaped upper bracket is tightened by a pull wire on both sides of the corresponding vibrator, and the bottom of the V-shaped lower bracket is connected by a pull wire. The two sides of the corresponding vibrator are tightened, and the schematic diagram of the V-shaped lower bracket 10 is shown in FIG. 5 . As shown in FIG. 6 , the vibrator 6 is connected to the pull wire through the pull wire hoop 61 . The vibrator is composed of a left half and a right half. The arm lengths of the left half and the right half are both 6 meters. The two parts are connected by glass fiber rods and fixed with conductive bolts 62. As shown in FIG. 7 , a conductive clip 71 is provided inside the coupler, and a collective wire is threaded inside the conductive clip 71 , and the collective wire is coupled with each vibrator through a jumper wire 72 on the coupler.

Specifically, the small fishbone antenna disclosed in this embodiment has an outline size of 25m×12m and a weight of about 1.4 tons. It can also be called an incoming wave inductor, which is a front-end induction device that converts space electromagnetic signals into wired transmission signals. It is the most important device that affects the effect of short-wave communication. Different communication requirements (such as communication distance, signal strength of the other party, terrain, electromagnetic environment, etc.) correspond to different antenna forms.

The selection of the total length of the antenna depends on the requirements for the directivity of the antenna; the size of the dipole spacing will affect the uniformity of the collection line and the complexity of the antenna structure; the selection of the dipole length will affect the gain of the low frequency end and the pattern characteristics of the high frequency end; the collection line The characteristic impedance Z _c0 directly affects the attenuation on the line, thereby affecting the efficiency of the antenna; the height of the antenna will affect the radiation elevation angle of the antenna.

Vibrator, assembly line design:

The vibrator uses aluminum tubes with variable cross-sections of Ø60mm and Ø45mm to meet the requirements of electrical and structural strength. The vertical direction of the vibrator adopts Ø4mm stainless steel wire rope, the cable insulation adopts E7.893.015 type insulator, and the left half and right half of the vibrator are connected by 811 epoxy ester glass fiber lead rods with a diameter of Ø10. Aluminum tubes are fixed with conductive bolts and cores to ensure reliable electrical connections and meet structural connection strength requirements.

The assembly line is made of Ø5mm stainless steel wire rope, and the spacing is guaranteed by the support of the coupler. The conductive clip of the assembly line is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel plate.

The jumper between the vibrator and the assembly line is connected by a Ø2mm steel wire rope. The connection between the jumper wire and the collection wire is made of stainless steel rope clips to ensure reliable electrical connection and convenient structural connection.

Antenna lightning protection system design:

In thunderstorm weather, in order to prevent the antenna from being struck by lightning, a lightning rod is installed on the middle tower.

Antenna body design:

The main body of the antenna mainly consists of a central truss, a central tower, and central truss cables. The central truss adopts a steel pipe triangular tower with a side width of 600mm, which is connected to the middle tower with short joints. The material of the main column is Ø65mm steel pipe, and the material of the web is Ø25mm steel pipe; the rest are made of Ø60mm steel pipe and web Ø25mm steel pipe. The middle tower adopts a variable cross-section square angle steel tower with a base width of 600mm×750mm, its main column is a 50mm×50mm angle steel, and the web is a Ø12mm round steel. Each side of the central truss of the antenna is connected to the middle tower by two stay wires made of Ø8mm stainless steel wire ropes to reduce the sag caused by the self-weight of the central truss.

The main body of the antenna is made of ordinary steel pipe, angle steel, steel plate and other materials, which have poor anti-corrosion ability. Therefore, after welding and processing, hot-dip galvanizing process is required for anti-corrosion. At the same time, the surface of the antenna main body is uniformly painted before erection.

Vibrator cable support design:

The vibrator stay wire support is composed of a rod-shaped upper bracket and a V-shaped lower bracket. The rod-shaped upper bracket (also known as the vibrator cable support rod) is made of Ø30mm steel pipe; the V-shaped lower bracket (also called the lower cable bracket) is welded by Ø25mm steel pipe and steel plate.

In addition, this embodiment also discloses a small herringbone antenna system suitable for rotating reception. Using the above-mentioned antenna, the supporting tower installed on the ground is connected to the antenna through a turntable installed on its top. The turntable The rotation is controlled by the turntable control system, and the antenna is powered by the antenna feed system.

Comparing the fishbone antenna system disclosed in this embodiment with the fishbone antenna system in the prior art, it can be seen that:

Claims (10)

1. A small fishbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving letters is characterized in that: the antenna includes a central truss, impedance converters and terminal resistors are respectively installed at both ends of the central truss, and a middle tower is installed in the middle of the central truss The top of the middle tower and the center truss on both sides are tensioned by cables, and more than two vibrators are arranged at equal intervals along the center truss. A collection line is passed through the coupler, and each vibrator is coupled with the impedance transformers and terminal resistors at both ends of the central truss through the collection line. 2. The small fishbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving signals according to claim 1, wherein the central truss is a triangular tower with a length of 24.2 meters. 3. The small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating reception according to claim 1, characterized in that: said middle tower is a square angle steel tower, and a lightning rod is installed on the top of the middle tower. 4. The small fishbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving signals according to claim 1, wherein the length of the vibrator is 12 meters. 5. The small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving signals according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the vibrators is 2.2 meters. 6. The small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating reception according to claim 1, characterized in that: a rod-shaped upper bracket and a V-shaped lower bracket are provided at the positions corresponding to the center truss and each vibrator, and the rod-shaped upper bracket The top of the bracket tightens both sides of the vibrator corresponding to it through the stay wire, and the bottom of the V-shaped lower bracket tightens the two sides of the corresponding vibrator through the stay wire. 7. The small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving signals according to claim 6, wherein the vibrator is connected to the stay wire through a stay wire hoop. 8. The small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating reception according to claim 1, characterized in that: said vibrator is composed of a left half and a right half, and the two parts are connected by glass fiber rods, And fix it with conductive bolts. 9. The small herringbone antenna suitable for rotating and receiving letters according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupler is provided with a conductive clip, the conductive clip is threaded with a collection line, and the collection line passes through the jumper on the coupler. The wires are coupled to each vibrator. 10. A small herringbone antenna system suitable for rotating reception, using the antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the support tower installed on the ground is connected to the antenna through a turntable installed on its top, said The turntable is controlled to rotate by the turntable control system, and the antenna is powered by the antenna feed system.