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CN106526570B - Spaceborne laser rangefinder echo detection circuit - Google Patents

Spaceborne laser rangefinder echo detection circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106526570B
CN106526570B CN201610913570.9A CN201610913570A CN106526570B CN 106526570 B CN106526570 B CN 106526570B CN 201610913570 A CN201610913570 A CN 201610913570A CN 106526570 B CN106526570 B CN 106526570B
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capacitor
circuit
output
differential amplifier
terminal
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CN106526570A (en
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彭欢
李旭
王春辉
蒙裴贝
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/4804—Auxiliary means for detecting or identifying lidar signals or the like, e.g. laser illuminators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

Spaceborne laser range finder sounding circuit includes electric source filter circuit, APD detector (module), differential amplifier circuit, passive Bessel filter circuit and transformer isolation circuit.Electric source filter circuit is filtered input power, to meet requirement of the detection circuit each unit to power supply ripple, noise.APD detector (module) is the photoelectric device for realizing return laser beam detection, obtains interior gain in the case where plus high-pressure biasing and realizes signal detection.Differential amplifier circuit is converted to differential signal to one-terminal current (voltage) signal for exporting APD detector (module), improves the anti-interference ability of signal transmission.Signal bandwidth is limited within the scope of appropriate frequency bands by passive Bessel filter circuit under the premise of guaranteeing that signal is distortionless, to obtain optimal signal-to-noise ratio, to meet the needs of different application.

Description

Spaceborne laser range finder sounding circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sounding circuits that APD detector (module) is based on for spaceborne laser range finder.
Background technique
Spaceborne laser range finder is generally operational in several hundred kilometers track, and the laser emitting power of number MW magnitude passes through R2's After range attenuation and atmosphere two-way attenuation, return laser beam optical power is typically only tens of nW magnitudes, how effectively to detect and mention Taking so faint laser echo signal is the key that laser ranging system.Avalanche photodide (APD) quantum efficiency is high, tool There are high sensitivity and extremely short response time, becomes the preferred detector of satellite borne laser distance meter signal detection.Star at present Carrying the universal design method of laser range finder sounding circuit is that APD detecting module output signal is directly passed through coaxial cable Output or the current signal for exporting APD detector are exported after being converted by I/V by coaxial cable, only include in circuit APD detection circuit, this circuit are disadvantageous in that: the echo-signal of nW magnitude is after APD detection circuit photoelectric conversion Signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low, and the shadow of external environment especially space environment is highly prone to using single-ended non-isolated transmission mode signal quality It rings, signal-to-noise ratio is caused further to deteriorate or distorted signals, be unfavorable for back end signal and detect, influence range accuracy.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the invention solves the problems, such as: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, by increasing on the basis of APD detection circuit Add differential amplifier circuit, passive Bessel filter circuit and transformer isolation circuit, on the one hand to export single-ended The APD detection circuit output difference voltage signal of signal simultaneously obtains optimal signal-to-noise ratio, another party by passive Bessel filter Face realized by transformer isolation circuit and is galvanically isolated with back end signal processing circuit, and the reliability of circuit and anti-interference is improved Ability.Return laser beam suitable for spaceborne laser range finder detects.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: spaceborne laser range finder sounding circuit, comprising electric source filter circuit, APD detector (module), differential amplifier circuit, passive Bessel filter circuit and transformer isolation circuit.Power filter Circuit is filtered input power, to meet requirement of the detection circuit each unit to power supply ripple, noise.APD detector (mould Block) it is the photoelectric device for realizing return laser beam detection, interior gain, which is obtained, in the case where plus high-pressure biasing realizes faint letter Number detection.Differential amplifier circuit is converted to differential signal to the signal for exporting APD detector (module), improves signal and passes Defeated anti-interference ability.Signal bandwidth is limited within the scope of appropriate frequency bands by passive Bessel filter circuit, optimal to obtain Signal-to-noise ratio, to meet the needs of different application.Transformer isolation circuit realizes photodetection circuit and back end signal processing circuit Be galvanically isolated, improve circuit reliability and anti-interference ability.
The electric source filter circuit includes capacitor C1, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, inductance L1 and inductance L2；Electricity The one end for holding C1 is connected with the anode (101) of external input power, and the reference end of the other end of capacitor C1 and external input power/ Ground (102) is connected；One end of capacitor C3 is connected with the negative terminal (103) of external input power, and the other end of capacitor C3 and outside are defeated Reference end/the ground (102) for entering power supply is connected；Output plus terminal (104) of the one end of capacitor C2 as electric source filter circuit, capacitor C2 The other end be connected with reference end/ground (102) of external input power；Output of the one end of capacitor C4 as electric source filter circuit Negative terminal (105), the other end of capacitor C4 are connected with reference end/ground (102) of external input power；One end and outside of inductance L1 The anode (101) of input power is connected, and the other end of inductance L1 is connected with the output plus terminal (104) of electric source filter circuit；Inductance One end of L2 is connected with the negative terminal (103) of external input power, the other end of inductance L2 and the output negative terminal of electric source filter circuit (105) it is connected.
The APD detector is avalanche photodide or the optical-electric module with integrated preamplifier.
When APD detector is avalanche photodide, the differential amplifier circuit: including capacitor C5, capacitor C6, electricity Hold C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9 and difference amplifier (201).
Difference amplifier (201), comprising: signal inputs anode, signal input negative terminal, signal output.
One end of capacitor C5 connects APD detector output end (106), the other end of capacitor C5 and difference amplifier (201) Signal input negative terminal be connected-IN；The signal input anode+IN of difference amplifier (201) is connected to power filter by capacitor C6 The output plus terminal (104) of circuit；The one end capacitor C7 is connected with difference amplifier output plus terminal+OUT, and the capacitor C7 other end is as poor Divide the output plus terminal (107) of amplifier circuit；The one end capacitor C8 is connected with difference amplifier output negative terminal-OUT, and capacitor C8 is another Hold the output negative terminal (108) as differential amplifier circuit；The one end capacitor C9 is connected with difference amplifier power positive end VCC, together When connect the output plus terminal (104) of electric source filter circuit, the capacitor C9 other end is connected with the ground terminal GND of difference amplifier power supply, It is connected simultaneously with electric source filter circuit reference end/ground (102).
When APD detector is the optical-electric module with integrated preamplifier, the differential amplifier circuit has gain Adjust function, comprising: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, capacitor C10, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, capacitor C13, capacitor C14 and Difference amplifier (301).
Difference amplifier (301), comprising: signal inputs anode, signal input negative terminal, gain control anode, gain control Negative terminal, power positive end, power supply negative terminal, output plus terminal, output negative terminal.
One end of capacitor C11 is connected with APD optical-electric module output end (106), the other end and difference amplifier of capacitor C11 (301) signal input anode is connected；The signal input negative terminal of difference amplifier (301) passes through concatenated capacitor C12 and resistance R2 ground connection；The one end capacitor C13 is connected with difference amplifier output plus terminal, and the capacitor C13 other end is as differential amplifier circuit Output plus terminal (107)；The one end capacitor C14 is connected with difference amplifier output negative terminal, and the capacitor C14 other end is as difference amplifier The output negative terminal (108) of circuit；The gain control anode of the one end resistance R1 and difference amplifier is connected, the resistance R1 other end with it is poor The gain control negative terminal of amplifier is divided to be connected；The one end resistance R3 is connected with the gain of difference amplifier control negative terminal, and resistance R3 is another One end is connected with the output plus terminal of difference amplifier；The one end capacitor C10 and difference amplifier power positive end and electric source filter circuit Output plus terminal (104) is connected, and the capacitor C10 other end is connected with electric source filter circuit reference end/ground；Difference amplifier power supply is negative End is connected with electric source filter circuit reference end.
The Bessel filter is 3 order difference low-pass filters, and has impedance change action: including: capacitor C15, capacitor C16, inductance L3, inductance L4.
The one end capacitor C15 is connected with differential amplifier circuit output plus terminal, the input anode as Bessel filter (109), the capacitor C15 other end is connected with differential amplifier circuit output negative terminal, the input negative terminal as Bessel filter (110).Output plus terminal (111) of the one end capacitor C16 as Bessel filter, the capacitor C16 other end are filtered as Bezier The output negative terminal (112) of device.
The one end inductance L3 and passive Bessel filter circuit input anode (109) are connected, the inductance L3 other end with it is passive The output plus terminal (111) of Bessel filter circuit is connected；The one end inductance L4 and passive Bessel filter circuit input negative terminal (110) it is connected, the inductance L4 other end is connected with the output negative terminal (112) of passive Bessel filter circuit.
The transformer isolation circuit is differential broadband pulse transformer circuit: including capacitor C17, capacitor C18, being become Depressor T1.
Transformer (T1), comprising: input anode (115), output plus terminal (116), output reference end (117), input negative terminal (118), negative terminal (119) are exported, end (117) is drawn among the coil between end (116) and end (119).
The one end capacitor C17 is connected with the output plus terminal of passive Bessel filter circuit, the capacitor C17 other end and transformer (T1) end (115) is connected；The one end capacitor C18 is connected with the output negative terminal of passive Bessel filter circuit, and capacitor C18 is another End is connected with the end (118) of transformer (T1)；Transformer (T1) is gathered around there are three output end, and wherein output end (116) is used as echo The output plus terminal of detection circuit is connected with external circuit Differential Input anode, and output end (119) is as the defeated of sounding circuit Negative terminal is connected with external circuit Differential Input negative terminal out, and output end (117) is connected with the ground of external circuit.
The electric source filter circuit can be according to input power property combination at π type, T-type and L-type filter circuit.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that: the present invention is poor by increasing on the basis of APD detection circuit Divide amplifier circuit, passive Bessel filter circuit and transformer isolation circuit, on the one hand makes that single-ended signal can only be exported APD detection circuit output difference voltage signal and optimal signal-to-noise ratio is obtained by passive Bessel filter, it is on the other hand logical Cross transformer isolation circuit and realize and be galvanically isolated with back end signal processing circuit, improve circuit reliability and anti-interference energy Power.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic block circuit diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of electric source filter circuit in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the first differential amplifier circuit in the present invention, corresponding A PD detector；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of second of differential amplifier circuit in the present invention, corresponding A PD detecting module；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of Bessel filter circuit in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of transformer isolation circuit in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Basic ideas of the invention are as follows: spaceborne laser range finder sounding circuit is visited comprising electric source filter circuit, APD Survey device (module), differential amplifier circuit, passive Bessel filter circuit and transformer isolation circuit.Electric source filter circuit pair Input power is filtered, to meet requirement of the detection circuit each unit to power supply ripple, noise.APD detector (module) is The photoelectric device for realizing return laser beam detection obtains interior gain in the case where plus high-pressure biasing and realizes that small-signal is visited It surveys.Differential amplifier circuit is converted to difference letter to one-terminal current (voltage) signal for exporting APD detector (module) Number, improve the anti-interference ability of signal transmission.Passive Bessel filter circuit will letter under the premise of guaranteeing that signal is distortionless Number bandwidth is limited within the scope of appropriate frequency bands, to obtain optimal signal-to-noise ratio, to meet the needs of different application.Transformer isolation electricity Road realization photodetection circuit is galvanically isolated with back end signal processing circuit, improves circuit reliability and anti-interference ability.It is logical Cross increase on the basis of traditional APD detection circuit differential amplifier circuit, passive Bessel filter circuit and transformer every From circuit, on the one hand makes the APD detection circuit output difference voltage signal that can only export negative pulse single-ended signal and pass through nothing Source Bessel filter obtains optimal signal-to-noise ratio, is on the other hand realized and back end signal processing circuit by transformer isolation circuit Be galvanically isolated, improve the reliability and anti-interference ability of circuit, and the circuit has the characteristics that miniaturization, be convenient for and optical frames The integrated installation of head focal plane, debugging.
Theory of constitution block diagram of the invention is as shown in Figure 1, the course of work are as follows: external input power passes through power filter first Circuit is filtered input power, to meet requirement of each unit circuit to qualities such as power supply ripple, noises.APD detector (module) is to realize the photoelectric device of return laser beam detection, and the interior gain of acquisition is realized faint in the case where plus high-pressure biasing Signal detection.Differential amplifier circuit is converted to difference to one-terminal current (voltage) signal for exporting APD detector (module) Divided voltage signal improves the anti-interference ability of signal transmission.Passive Bessel filter circuit extends the deadline differential voltage signal band System is in certain frequency range, to obtain optimal signal-to-noise ratio, to meet the needs of different application.Transformer isolation circuit is realized Photodetection circuit and external circuit are galvanically isolated, and improve circuit reliability and anti-interference ability.
A kind of physical circuit connection type of electric source filter circuit is as shown in Figure 2: electric source filter circuit is by capacitor C1, electricity Hold C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, inductance L1 and inductance L2 composition.Anode (101) phase of one end of capacitor C1 and external input power Even, the other end of capacitor C1 is connected with reference end/ground (102) of external input power；One end of capacitor C3 and external input electricity The negative terminal (103) in source is connected, and the other end of capacitor C3 is connected with reference end/ground (102) of external input power；Capacitor C2's Output plus terminal (104) of the one end as electric source filter circuit, the other end of capacitor C2 and reference end/ground of external input power (102) it is connected；Output negative terminal (105) of the one end of capacitor C4 as electric source filter circuit, the other end of capacitor C4 and outside are defeated Reference end/the ground (102) for entering power supply is connected；One end of inductance L1 is connected with the anode (101) of external input power, inductance L1's The other end is connected with the output plus terminal (104) of electric source filter circuit；One end of inductance L2 and the negative terminal (103) of external input power It is connected, the other end of inductance L2 is connected with the output negative terminal (105) of electric source filter circuit.Capacitor C1, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, electricity Hold C4, inductance L1 and inductance L2 composition pi type filter is filtered denoising to input power, electric source filter circuit can also basis Input power quality is combined into T-type or L-type filter circuit form, as shown in table 1.Requirement of the electric source filter circuit to filter element Higher, the capacitor C of high q-factor, low D.C. resistance inductance L and low internal resistance, low inductance is the primary element for constituting electric source filter circuit.
1 electric source filter circuit selection principle of table and cutoff frequency calculate
When APD detector is avalanche photodide (preferably using Excel itas company C30654E), difference amplifier electricity A kind of connection type on road is as shown in figure 3, differential amplifier circuit: including capacitor C5, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, electricity Hold C9 and difference amplifier (201)；
Difference amplifier (201), comprising: signal inputs anode, signal input negative terminal, signal output；
One end of capacitor C5 connects APD detector output end (106), the other end of capacitor C5 and difference amplifier (201) Signal input negative terminal be connected-IN；The signal input anode+IN of difference amplifier (201) is connected to power filter by capacitor C6 The output plus terminal (104) of circuit；The one end capacitor C7 is connected with difference amplifier output plus terminal+OUT, and the capacitor C7 other end is as poor Divide the output plus terminal (107) of amplifier circuit；The one end capacitor C8 is connected with difference amplifier output negative terminal-OUT, and capacitor C8 is another Hold the output negative terminal (108) as differential amplifier circuit；The one end capacitor C9 is connected with difference amplifier power positive end VCC, together When connect the output plus terminal (104) of electric source filter circuit, the capacitor C9 other end is connected with the ground terminal GND of difference amplifier power supply, It is connected simultaneously with electric source filter circuit reference end/ground (102).Capacitor C5, capacitor C7 and capacitor C8 are signal capacitance, according to Signal frequency, principles and requirements capacitor self-resonant frequency are slightly larger than signal frequency, preferably 0.01 μ of μ F~0.1 F high in 50~200MHz Frequency magnetic dielectric container.Capacitor C6 and C9 are power filtering capacitor, according to power supply noise frequency range and the filtering requirements of poor amplifier 201 Selection.The AD8015 of the selection of difference amplifier 201 ADI company.
When APD detector is optical-electric module (as selected Excel itas company C30659) with integrated preamplifier, A kind of connection type of differential amplifier circuit is as shown in figure 4, differential amplifier circuit has the function of gain adjustment, comprising: resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, capacitor C10, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, capacitor C13, capacitor C14 and difference amplifier (301)；
Difference amplifier (301), comprising: signal inputs anode, signal input negative terminal, gain control anode, gain control Negative terminal, power positive end, power supply negative terminal, output plus terminal, output negative terminal；
One end of capacitor C11 is connected with APD optical-electric module output end (106), the other end and difference amplifier of capacitor C11 (301) signal input anode is connected；The signal input negative terminal of difference amplifier (301) passes through concatenated capacitor C12 and resistance R2 ground connection；The one end capacitor C13 is connected with difference amplifier output plus terminal, and the capacitor C13 other end is as differential amplifier circuit Output plus terminal (107)；The one end capacitor C14 is connected with difference amplifier output negative terminal, and the capacitor C14 other end is as difference amplifier The output negative terminal (108) of circuit；The gain control anode of the one end resistance R1 and difference amplifier is connected, the resistance R1 other end with it is poor The gain control negative terminal of amplifier is divided to be connected；The one end resistance R3 is connected with the gain of difference amplifier control negative terminal, and resistance R3 is another One end is connected with the output plus terminal of difference amplifier；The one end capacitor C10 and difference amplifier power positive end and electric source filter circuit Output plus terminal (104) is connected, and the capacitor C10 other end is connected with electric source filter circuit reference end/ground；Difference amplifier power supply is negative End is connected with electric source filter circuit reference end.Capacitor C11, capacitor C12, capacitor C13 and capacitor C14 are signal capacitance, root According to signal frequency, principles and requirements capacitor self-resonant frequency is slightly larger than signal frequency, preferably 0.01 μ of μ F~0.1 F in 50~200MHz High frequency magnetic dielectric container.Capacitor C10 is power filtering capacitor, according to power supply noise frequency range and the filtering requirements of poor amplifier 301 Selection.Resistance R2 is terminal coupling resistance, and numerical value is consistent with the output internal resistance of APD optical-electric module signal, is 49.9 Ω.Resistance R1 3 For gain adjustment resistance, resistance R is feedback resistance, is arranged according to load impedance and gain and determines R1, R3 numerical value.Differential amplification The AD8351 of the selection of device 301 ADI company.
Passive Bessel filter electricity routing capacitance C15, capacitor C16, inductance L3, inductance L4 composition, circuit connecting mode As shown in Figure 5；The one end capacitor C15 is connected with differential amplifier circuit output plus terminal, the input anode as Bessel filter (109), the capacitor C15 other end is connected with differential amplifier circuit output negative terminal, the input negative terminal as Bessel filter (110)；
Output plus terminal (111) of the one end capacitor C16 as Bessel filter, the capacitor C16 other end are filtered as Bezier The output negative terminal (112) of wave device；
The one end inductance L3 and passive Bessel filter circuit input anode (109) are connected, the inductance L3 other end with it is passive The output plus terminal (111) of Bessel filter circuit is connected；The one end inductance L4 and passive Bessel filter circuit input negative terminal (110) it is connected, the inductance L4 other end is connected with the output negative terminal (112) of passive Bessel filter circuit.Bessel filter Group delay property is good, can guarantee signal it is distortionless under the premise of compressed signal bandwidth, improve signal-to-noise ratio.Bezier filtering The numerical value of L and C is calculated according to filter input impedance, filter output impedance and filter cutoff frequency COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING in device.
Transformer isolation circuit is differential broadband pulse transformer circuit: including capacitor C17, capacitor C18, transformer T1, Circuit connecting form is as shown in Figure 6；
Transformer (T1), comprising: input anode (115), output plus terminal (116), output reference end (117), input negative terminal (118), negative terminal (119) are exported, end (117) is drawn among the coil between end (116) and end (119)；
The one end capacitor C17 is connected with the output plus terminal of passive Bessel filter circuit, the capacitor C17 other end and transformer (T1) input anode (115) is connected；The one end capacitor C18 is connected with the output negative terminal of passive Bessel filter circuit, capacitor The C18 other end is connected with the input negative terminal (118) of transformer (T1)；Transformer (T1) is gathered around there are three output end, wherein output end (116) it is connected as the output plus terminal of sounding circuit with external circuit Differential Input anode, output end (119) is used as echo The output negative terminal of detection circuit is connected with external circuit Differential Input negative terminal, and output end (117) is connected with the ground of external circuit.
The effect of capacitor C17 and C18 are signal blocking, and according to signal frequency, principles and requirements capacitor self-resonant frequency is bigger In the preferably 0.01 μ F high frequency magnetic dielectric container of μ F~0.1 in signal frequency, 50~200MHz.Differential broadband pulse transformer is selected The AE520RFA01B1SZ of Pulse company.
One aspect of the present invention makes the APD detection circuit output difference voltage signal that can only export single-ended signal and passes through nothing Source Bessel filter circuit obtains optimal signal-to-noise ratio, is on the other hand realized by transformer isolation circuit and is handled with back end signal Circuit is galvanically isolated, and improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of circuit.The present invention is applied to setting for certain model laser range finder In meter.It obtains after tested, under same operating condition and identical input, output signal-to-noise ratio improves about 25%, signal reliable transmission Distance extends about 3 times, and circuit anti-electromagnetic interference capability improves 4~5 times.The present invention is suitable for spaceborne laser range finder laser Sounding.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of those skilled in the art.

Claims (8)

1.星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于包括：电源滤波电路、APD探测器、差分放大器电路、无源贝塞尔滤波器电路和变压器隔离电路；1. The spaceborne laser rangefinder echo detection circuit is characterized in that it comprises: a power supply filter circuit, an APD detector, a differential amplifier circuit, a passive Bessel filter circuit and a transformer isolation circuit; 电源滤波电路，对外部输入的直流电源进行滤波，得到满足APD探测器和差分放大器电路要求的电源，给APD探测器和差分放大器电路供电；The power supply filter circuit filters the DC power input from the external to obtain the power supply that meets the requirements of the APD detector and the differential amplifier circuit, and supplies power to the APD detector and the differential amplifier circuit; APD探测器，接收光学系统输出的光学信号，经光电转换后输出激光回波信号送入差分放大器电路；The APD detector receives the optical signal output by the optical system, and after photoelectric conversion, the output laser echo signal is sent to the differential amplifier circuit; 差分放大器电路，接收APD探测器送来的激光回波信号，该激光回波信号为单端电流信号，对该激光回波信号进行差分放大，将单端电流信号转换为激光回波差分电压信号送至无源贝塞尔滤波器电路；The differential amplifier circuit receives the laser echo signal sent by the APD detector, the laser echo signal is a single-ended current signal, performs differential amplification on the laser echo signal, and converts the single-ended current signal into a laser echo differential voltage signal sent to the passive Bessel filter circuit; 无源贝塞尔滤波器电路，接收差分放大器电路送来的激光回波差分电压信号，将该激光回波差分电压信号带宽限制在一定的频带范围内，将带宽限制后的激光回波差分电压信号送至变压器隔离电路；The passive Bessel filter circuit receives the laser echo differential voltage signal sent by the differential amplifier circuit, limits the bandwidth of the laser echo differential voltage signal within a certain frequency band, and limits the bandwidth-limited laser echo differential voltage The signal is sent to the transformer isolation circuit; 变压器隔离电路，接收无源贝塞尔滤波器电路送来的带宽限制后的激光回波差分电压信号，经变压隔离后输出至外部。The transformer isolation circuit receives the bandwidth-limited laser echo differential voltage signal sent by the passive Bessel filter circuit, and outputs it to the outside after transformer isolation. 2.根据权利要求1所述的星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于：所述的电源滤波电路包括电容C1、电容C2、电容C3、电容C4、电感L1和电感L2；电容C1的一端与外部输入电源的正端(101)相连，电容C1的另一端与外部输入电源的参考端/地(102)相连；电容C3的一端与外部输入电源的负端(103)相连，电容C3的另一端与外部输入电源的参考端/地(102)相连；电容C2的一端作为电源滤波电路的输出正端(104)，电容C2的另一端与外部输入电源的参考端/地(102)相连；电容C4的一端作为电源滤波电路的输出负端(105)，电容C4的另一端与外部输入电源的参考端/地(102)相连；电感L1的一端与外部输入电源的正端(101)相连，电感L1的另一端与电源滤波电路的输出正端(104)相连；电感L2的一端与外部输入电源的负端(103)相连，电感L2的另一端与电源滤波电路的输出负端(105)相连。2. The spaceborne laser rangefinder echo detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the power filter circuit comprises a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, an inductance L1 and an inductance L2; One end of C1 is connected to the positive end (101) of the external input power supply, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the reference end/ground (102) of the external input power supply; one end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the negative end (103) of the external input power supply, The other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the reference terminal/ground (102) of the external input power; 102) is connected; one end of the capacitor C4 is used as the output negative end (105) of the power supply filter circuit, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the reference end/ground (102) of the external input power supply; one end of the inductor L1 is connected with the positive end of the external input power supply (101) is connected, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with the output positive terminal (104) of the power supply filter circuit; one end of the inductor L2 is connected with the negative terminal (103) of the external input power supply, and the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the output of the power supply filter circuit The negative terminal (105) is connected. 3.根据权利要求1所述的星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于：所述的APD探测器为雪崩光电二极管或带集成前置放大器的光电模块。3 . The echo detection circuit of a spaceborne laser rangefinder according to claim 1 , wherein the APD detector is an avalanche photodiode or a photoelectric module with an integrated preamplifier. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于：APD探测器为雪崩光电二极管时，所述的差分放大器电路：包括电容C5、电容C6、电容C7、电容C8、电容C9和差分放大器(201)；4. The spaceborne laser rangefinder echo detection circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the APD detector is an avalanche photodiode, the differential amplifier circuit: comprises capacitor C5, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, capacitor C8, capacitor C9 and differential amplifier (201); 差分放大器(201)，包括：信号输入正端、信号输入负端、信号输出；A differential amplifier (201), comprising: a signal input positive terminal, a signal input negative terminal, and a signal output; 电容C5的一端连接APD探测器输出端(106)，电容C5的另一端与差分放大器(201)的信号输入负端-IN相连；差分放大器(201)的信号输入正端+IN通过电容C6接至电源滤波电路的输出正端(104)；电容C7一端与差分放大器输出正端+OUT相连，电容C7另一端作为差分放大器电路的输出正端(107)；电容C8一端与差分放大器输出负端-OUT相连，电容C8另一端作为差分放大器电路的输出负端(108)；电容C9一端与差分放大器电源正端VCC相连，同时连接电源滤波电路的输出正端(104)，电容C9另一端与差分放大器电源的地端GND相连，同时与外部输入电源的参考端/地(102)相连。One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the APD detector output end (106), and the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the signal input negative end -IN of the differential amplifier (201); the signal input positive end +IN of the differential amplifier (201) is connected through the capacitor C6 To the output positive terminal (104) of the power filter circuit; one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the output positive terminal +OUT of the differential amplifier, and the other end of the capacitor C7 is used as the output positive terminal (107) of the differential amplifier circuit; one end of the capacitor C8 is connected to the differential amplifier output negative terminal -OUT is connected, the other end of the capacitor C8 is used as the output negative terminal (108) of the differential amplifier circuit; one end of the capacitor C9 is connected to the positive terminal VCC of the differential amplifier power supply, and at the same time is connected to the output positive terminal (104) of the power supply filter circuit, and the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected to The ground terminal GND of the power supply of the differential amplifier is connected to the reference terminal/ground (102) of the external input power supply. 5.根据权利要求3所述的星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于：APD探测器为带集成前置放大器的光电模块时，所述的差分放大器电路具有增益调整功能，包括：电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电容C10、电容C11、电容C12、电容C13、电容C14和差分放大器(301)；5. The spaceborne laser rangefinder echo detection circuit according to claim 3, is characterized in that: when the APD detector is an optoelectronic module with an integrated preamplifier, the differential amplifier circuit has a gain adjustment function, including : resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, capacitor C10, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, capacitor C13, capacitor C14 and differential amplifier (301); 差分放大器(301)，包括：信号输入正端、信号输入负端、增益控制正端、增益控制负端、电源正端、电源负端、输出正端、输出负端；A differential amplifier (301), comprising: a signal input positive terminal, a signal input negative terminal, a gain control positive terminal, a gain control negative terminal, a power supply positive terminal, a power supply negative terminal, an output positive terminal, and an output negative terminal; 电容C11的一端与APD光电模块输出端(106)相连，电容C11的另一端与差分放大器(301)的信号输入正端相连；差分放大器(301)的信号输入负端通过串联的电容C12和电阻R2接地；电容C13一端与差分放大器输出正端相连，电容C13另一端作为差分放大器电路的输出正端(107)；电容C14一端与差分放大器输出负端相连，电容C14另一端作为差分放大器电路的输出负端(108)；电阻R1一端与差分放大器的增益控制正端相连，电阻R1另一端与差分放大器的增益控制负端相连；电阻R3一端与差分放大器的增益控制负端相连，电阻R3另一端与差分放大器的输出正端相连；电容C10一端与差分放大器电源正端和电源滤波电路输出正端(104)相连，电容C10另一端与电源滤波电路参考端/地相连；差分放大器电源负端与外部输入电源的参考端/地(102)相连。One end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the output end (106) of the APD photoelectric module, and the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the positive end of the signal input of the differential amplifier (301); R2 is grounded; one end of the capacitor C13 is connected to the positive output terminal of the differential amplifier, and the other end of the capacitor C13 is used as the output positive terminal of the differential amplifier circuit (107); one end of the capacitor C14 is connected to the negative output terminal of the differential amplifier, and the other end of the capacitor C14 is used as the output terminal of the differential amplifier circuit. Output negative terminal (108); one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the gain control positive terminal of the differential amplifier, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the gain control negative terminal of the differential amplifier; one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the gain control negative terminal of the differential amplifier, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the gain control negative terminal of the differential amplifier. One end is connected to the positive output terminal of the differential amplifier; one end of the capacitor C10 is connected to the positive terminal of the differential amplifier power supply and the positive output terminal (104) of the power supply filter circuit, and the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected to the reference terminal/ground of the power supply filter circuit; the negative terminal of the power supply of the differential amplifier Connect to the reference terminal/ground (102) of the external input power supply. 6.根据权利要求4或5所述的星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于：所述的无源贝塞尔滤波器电路为3阶差分低通滤波器，且具有阻抗变换作用，包括：电容C15、电容C16、电感L3、电感L4；6. The echo detection circuit of a spaceborne laser rangefinder according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the passive Bessel filter circuit is a third-order differential low-pass filter with impedance transformation Function, including: capacitor C15, capacitor C16, inductor L3, inductor L4; 电容C15一端与差分放大器电路输出正端相连，作为贝塞尔滤波器的输入正端(109)，电容C15另一端与差分放大器电路输出负端相连，作为贝塞尔滤波器的输入负端(110)；One end of the capacitor C15 is connected to the output positive end of the differential amplifier circuit as the input positive end of the Bessel filter (109), and the other end of the capacitor C15 is connected to the output negative end of the differential amplifier circuit as the input negative end of the Bessel filter ( 110); 电容C16一端作为贝塞尔滤波器的输出正端(111)，电容C16另一端作为贝塞尔滤波器的输出负端(112)；One end of the capacitor C16 is used as the output positive end (111) of the Bessel filter, and the other end of the capacitor C16 is used as the output negative end (112) of the Bessel filter; 电感L3一端与无源贝塞尔滤波器电路输入正端(109)相连，电感L3另一端与无源贝塞尔滤波器电路的输出正端(111)相连；电感L4一端与无源贝塞尔滤波器电路输入负端(110)相连，电感L4另一端与无源贝塞尔滤波器电路的输出负端(112)相连。One end of the inductor L3 is connected to the input positive end (109) of the passive Bessel filter circuit, and the other end of the inductor L3 is connected to the output positive end (111) of the passive Bessel filter circuit; one end of the inductor L4 is connected to the passive Bessel filter circuit. The input negative end (110) of the filter circuit is connected, and the other end of the inductor L4 is connected to the output negative end (112) of the passive Bessel filter circuit. 7.根据权利要求1所述的星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于：所述的变压器隔离电路为差分宽带脉冲变压器电路：包括电容C17、电容C18、变压器(T1)；7. The spaceborne laser rangefinder echo detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transformer isolation circuit is a differential broadband pulse transformer circuit: comprising capacitor C17, capacitor C18, and transformer (T1); 变压器(T1)，包括：输入正端(115)、输出正端(116)、输出参考端(117)、输入负端(118)、输出负端(119)，输出参考端(117)从输出正端(116)和输出负端(119)之间的线圈中间引出；Transformer (T1), including: input positive terminal (115), output positive terminal (116), output reference terminal (117), input negative terminal (118), output negative terminal (119), output reference terminal (117) from the output The coil between the positive terminal (116) and the output negative terminal (119) is led out in the middle; 电容C17一端与无源贝塞尔滤波器电路的输出正端相连，电容C17另一端与变压器(T1)的输入正端(115)相连；电容C18一端与无源贝塞尔滤波器电路的输出负端相连，电容C18另一端与变压器(T1)的输入负端(118)相连；变压器(T1)拥有三个输出端，其中输出正端(116)作为回波探测电路的输出正端与外部电路差分输入正端相连，输出负端(119)作为回波探测电路的输出负端与外部电路差分输入负端相连，输出参考端(117)与外部电路的地相连。One end of the capacitor C17 is connected to the output positive end of the passive Bessel filter circuit, the other end of the capacitor C17 is connected to the input positive end (115) of the transformer (T1); one end of the capacitor C18 is connected to the output of the passive Bessel filter circuit The negative end is connected, and the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected to the input negative end (118) of the transformer (T1); the transformer (T1) has three output ends, of which the output positive end (116) is used as the output positive end of the echo detection circuit and the external The circuit differential input positive terminal is connected, the output negative terminal (119) is connected to the external circuit differential input negative terminal as the output negative terminal of the echo detection circuit, and the output reference terminal (117) is connected to the external circuit ground. 8.根据权利要求1所述的星载激光测距仪回波探测电路，其特征在于：所述的电源滤波电路根据输入电源特性组合成π型、T型和L型滤波电路。8 . The echo detection circuit of a spaceborne laser rangefinder according to claim 1 , wherein the power filter circuit is combined into π-type, T-type and L-type filter circuits according to the characteristics of the input power supply. 9 .
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