CN106525848A - Simple identification method of pig, cattle and sheep split leather - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a simple method for identifying the material of pig, cattle and sheep split leather, which includes the following steps: S1. Cut a hole at any position of the split leather, clamp the two ends of the cut on the upper and lower clamps of the tension machine, and open Tensile machine, tear the split leather along the notch, and the tear length is more than 100 mm; S2, cut the fibrous tissue sample strip of the crack, and the fiber bundle length distribution contained in the sample strip is relatively uniform and representative; S3 1. Place the clipped sample strip under a microscope to observe and take a microscopic image, measure the length and thickness of the fiber bundle through the microscope workstation software, and record the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundle; S4. Take the microscopic image, measure The length and thickness of the fiber bundles and the recorded morphological characteristics are compared with the pre-stored known sample maps to identify what kind of leather the sample is from pigs, cattle and sheep. The invention makes the identification of the pig, cattle and sheep split leather more simple and effective, and reduces the identification difficulty caused by the inconspicuous cross-sectional properties.

Description

A simple method for identifying the material of pig, cattle and sheep split leather

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of leather material identification, in particular to a simple identification method for pig, cattle and sheep split leather materials.

Background technique

At present, there are various methods for leather material identification, the simplest and most effective is to observe the leather grain pattern through a microscope. In the Chinese patent application document with application number 201210288246.4, a simple identification method of leather fiber structure is disclosed, which is mainly identified by observing the cross-sectional morphological characteristics through a microscope. However, the inventors of the present invention have found through research that when the sample is a split leather material, because there is no grain pattern, if only observing from the cross section, and there is no papillary layer feature on the cross section, the identification often appears to be more difficult. Difficult, especially when the sample is black, the cross-section observed under the microscope is black, and the features are more difficult to distinguish.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the technical problem existing in the prior art that it is difficult to identify when the sample is made of split leather, the present invention provides a simple method for identifying the material of split leather of pigs, cattle and sheep, which can accurately reflect the collagen fibers of split leather of pigs, cattle and sheep. The characteristics of tissue structure make the identification of pig, cattle and sheep split leather more simple and effective, and reduce the difficulty of identification caused by the inconspicuous cross-sectional properties.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A simple method for identifying the material of pig, cattle and sheep split leather, comprising the following steps:

S1. Cut a hole at any position of the split leather, clamp the ports on both sides of the notch on the upper and lower clamps of the tension machine, turn on the tension machine, and move the split leather along the notch at a rate of 200-300 mm/min. Uniform speed tearing, tearing length more than 100mm;

S2. Cut the tear fibrous tissue sample strip, the length of the sample strip is 40-60 mm, the width is 3-6 mm, and the length distribution of the fiber bundles contained in the sample strip is relatively uniform and representative sex;

S3. Place the cut sample strip under a microscope to observe and take a microscopic image, measure the length and thickness of the fiber bundle through the microscope workstation AxioVision software, and record the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundle;

S4. Comparing the photographed microscopic image, the measured length and thickness of the fiber bundles, and the recorded morphological features of the fiber bundles with the pre-stored known sample atlas, to identify which kind of leather the sample is from pigs, cattle and sheep.

Further, in step S2, the length distribution of the fiber bundles contained in the sample strip is relatively uniform and representative, which means that the length and density of the fiber bundles of the cut sample strip should be consistent with the conditions of all the cracked fiber bundles, and cannot Only cut the samples whose fiber bundles are all long or short, sparse or dense.

Further, in step S3, the microscope is a stereo microscope with a ruler function, and the magnification can be adjusted steplessly between at least 10-100 times.

Further, in step S3, the microscope takes microscopic images with magnifications of 10 times and 100 times respectively, and the microscope workstation AxioVision software measures the length of the fiber bundle under the 10 times microscopic image and the fiber bundle under the 100 times microscopic image respectively. The thickness of the bundle, and observe the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundle under the 100 times microscopic image.

Further, in step S3, the length of the fiber bundle is measured as the length of the portion of the fiber bundle with a relatively uniform length, and the thickness of the fiber bundle is measured as the thickness of the middle part of the fiber bundle near the tip.

Further, in step S3, the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundles include fiber bundles being bundled or scattered, vertical or curled, and fiber bundles being round or flat.

Further, in step S4, the pre-stored known sample atlas is a typical representative microscopic atlas of pigs, cattle and sheep summarized and summarized after a large number of split leathers of known species of pigs, cattle and sheep collected in the laboratory, the sample atlas includes Microscopic images and descriptions of fiber bundle length, thickness, and morphological characteristics.

Further, in the pre-stored known sample spectrum, the pigskin fiber bundles are 2-10 mm long, the cowhide fiber bundles are 2-10 mm long, and the sheepskin fiber bundles are 0-6 mm long; the pigskin fiber bundles are 20-40 microns thick, Cowhide fiber bundles are 70-130 microns thick, and sheepskin fiber bundles are 30-70 microns thick; pigskin fiber bundles are in the form of bundles, slightly flat, thin and straight, and cowhide fiber bundles are in bundles, relatively round Relatively straight, sheepskin fiber bundles exist in scattered form, slightly flattened and slightly curled.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a simple method for identifying the material of the split leather of pigs, cattle and sheep. First, a hole is cut at any position of the split leather and torn along the cut, and then the fibrous tissue is cut at the tear gap. Then place the sample strip under a microscope to observe and take microscopic images, and measure the length and thickness of the fiber bundles through the microscope workstation software, and record the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundles, and finally the detected sample data Compared with the pre-stored known sample spectrum, it is identified which kind of leather the sample is from pigs, cattle and sheep. The invention opens up a new method for identifying the material of pig, cattle, and sheep split leather, overcomes the shortcomings of pig, cattle, and sheep split leather that are only observed from the cross-section in the identification method that the difference in morphological characteristics is not obvious, black or even no morphological characteristics can be observed, and can accurately Reflect the structural characteristics of collagen fibers in pig, cattle and sheep split leather; by measuring the length and thickness of fiber bundles, the test process is digitized to make the test more operable; in addition, the length of pig, cattle and sheep split leather fiber bundles, The difference in thickness and morphological characteristics is obvious, so the material identification can be accurately carried out, and the identification is simpler and more effective.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample strip provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fibrous structure of the split observed when the microscope magnification is 10 times provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fibrous structure of the slit observed when the magnification of the microscope provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 100 times.

detailed description

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific illustrations.

In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "radial", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings , is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

The invention provides a simple method for identifying the material of pig, cattle and sheep split leather, which comprises the following steps:

S1. Cut a hole with scissors at any position of the split leather, clamp the ports on both sides of the notch on the upper and lower clamps of the tension machine, turn on the tension machine, and cut the split leather along the notch at a distance of 200-300mm/ It is torn at a constant speed of 1 minute. In order to obtain a uniform and representative sample, the tear length should be more than 100 mm.

S2. Squeeze the fibers of the rip neatly, and cut the fibrous tissue sample strip of the tear rip, as shown in Fig. 1, the length of the sample bar is 40-60 mm, and the width is 3-6 mm. Pay attention to observe the overall situation of the length and density of the fibrous fibers in the fibrous tissue, so that the distribution of the length and density of the fiber bundles contained in the cut sample strip is relatively uniform and representative, thus obtaining stable and uniform fibrous fibers, that is, let The length and density of the fiber bundles of the cut sample strips should be consistent with the condition of all the cracked fiber bundles. It is not possible to just cut samples with all the fiber bundles being long or short, sparse or dense, because such samples are not representative. Wherein, the length of the cut sample strip is 40-60 millimeters, and the width is 3-6 millimeters, which can better facilitate the collection and rational use of subsequent microscopic images.

S3. Place the clipped sample strip under a microscope to observe and take a microscopic image, measure the length and thickness of the fiber bundle through the microscope workstation AxioVision software, and record the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundle; as a specific embodiment, the microscope It is a stereo microscope with a ruler function, which can adjust the observation position of the sample during the observation process, and the magnification can be adjusted steplessly between at least 10-100 times, and the microscope system can take microscopic images, through the workstation AxioVision software It can measure the real distance between any two points on the microscopic image, so as to measure the length and thickness of the fiber bundle.

As an embodiment, turn on the microscope, adjust the magnification to 10 times, place the sample strip under the microscope, and adjust the position of the sample strip and the focal length of the microscope so that the microscope can clearly observe the complete split fiber bundle (root to tip), use a microscope to take microscopic images, and use the microscope workstation software to measure the length of the fiber bundle with a relatively uniform length, so as to obtain the length of the fiber bundle, as shown in Figure 2, it can be known that the length of the fiber bundle is roughly 5-6 mm, and in Figure 2, because the number on the right is too small, the circle on the left is the magnification effect of the number on the right; then adjust the magnification of the microscope to 100 times, and follow the same operation as before to place the sample strip Place it under the microscope, and adjust the position of the sample strip and the focal length of the microscope, so that the microscope can clearly observe the middle part of the fiber bundle near the tip, use the microscope to take microscopic images, and select the middle part of the fiber bundle near the tip to be more uniform in thickness The part measures the thickness of the fiber bundles, and records the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundles. The morphological characteristics of the fiber bundles include fiber bundles or bundles or scattered, or vertical or curled, and fiber bundles are round or flat. Referring to Figure 3, it can be seen that the thickness of the fiber bundle is generally 20-30 microns, and because the number on the left is too small, the circle on the right is the enlarged effect of the number on the left; and it can be seen from Figure 3 that the fiber bundle is in the form of a bundle, Slightly flat, thin and straight.

S4. Compare the photographed microscopic image, the measured fiber bundle length and thickness, and the recorded fiber bundle morphological characteristics with the pre-stored known sample atlas to identify what kind of leather the sample is from pigs, cattle and sheep, that is, according to Compare the microscopic image, fiber bundle length, thickness and morphological characteristics with the known sample spectrum to determine the type of sample. Wherein, the pre-stored sample atlas is a typical representative microscopic atlas of pigs, cattle and sheep summarized and summarized after a large number of known types of split leather of pigs, cattle and sheep collected in the laboratory, the sample atlas includes microscopic images and fiber The description of beam length, thickness and morphological characteristics is stored in the form of electronic information, which is convenient for reference. At the same time, the sample map can be made into multiple sets for storage. As a specific example, in the pre-stored known sample atlas, the pigskin fiber bundles are 2-10 mm long, the cowhide fiber bundles are 2-10 mm long, and the sheepskin fiber bundles are 0-6 mm long; the pigskin fiber bundles are 20-10 mm thick. 40 microns, cowhide fiber bundles are 70-130 microns thick, sheepskin fiber bundles are 30-70 microns thick; pigskin fiber bundles are mostly in the form of bundles, slightly flat, thin and straight, and cowhide fiber bundles are mostly in the form of It exists in the form of fascicles, which are rounder and straighter. The morphological characteristics of sheepskin fiber bundles are mostly in dispersed forms, slightly flat and curly. So far, in conjunction with the aforementioned Figures 2 and 3, it can be seen that the length of the fiber bundles in the sample crack is 5-6 mm, the thickness of the fiber bundles is 20-30 microns, and the fiber bundles are in the form of bundles, slightly flat, thin and straight, Based on the comparison with the pre-stored sample spectrum, the sample was identified as pig leather, that is, pig split leather.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a simple method for identifying the material of the split leather of pigs, cattle and sheep. First, a hole is cut at any position of the split leather and torn along the cut, and then the fibrous tissue is cut at the tear gap. Then place the sample strip under a microscope to observe and take microscopic images, and measure the length and thickness of the fiber bundles through the microscope workstation software, and record the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundles, and finally the detected sample data Compared with the pre-stored known sample spectrum, it is identified which kind of leather the sample is from pigs, cattle and sheep. The invention opens up a new method for identifying the material of pig, cattle, and sheep split leather, overcomes the shortcomings of pig, cattle, and sheep split leather that are only observed from the cross-section in the identification method that the difference in morphological characteristics is not obvious, black or even no morphological characteristics can be observed, and can accurately Reflect the structural characteristics of collagen fibers in pig, cattle and sheep split leather; by measuring the length and thickness of fiber bundles, the test process is digitized to make the test more operable; in addition, the length of pig, cattle and sheep split leather fiber bundles, The difference in thickness and morphological characteristics is obvious, so the material identification can be accurately carried out, and the identification is simpler and more effective.

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A simple and easy identification method for pig, cattle and sheep split leather materials, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1. Cut a hole at any position of the split leather, clamp the ports on both sides of the notch on the upper and lower clamps of the tension machine, turn on the tension machine, and move the split leather along the notch at a rate of 200-300 mm/min. Uniform speed tearing, tearing length more than 100mm; S2. Cut the tear fibrous tissue sample strip, the length of the sample strip is 40-60 mm, the width is 3-6 mm, and the length distribution of the fiber bundles contained in the sample strip is relatively uniform and representative sex; S3. Place the cut sample strip under a microscope to observe and take a microscopic image, measure the length and thickness of the fiber bundle through the microscope workstation AxioVision software, and record the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundle; S4. Comparing the photographed microscopic image, the measured length and thickness of the fiber bundles, and the recorded morphological features of the fiber bundles with the pre-stored known sample atlas, to identify which kind of leather the sample is from pigs, cattle and sheep. 2. The simple method for identifying the material of pig, cattle and sheep split leather according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S2, the length distribution of the fiber bundles contained in the sample strip is relatively uniform and representative means: The length and density of the fiber bundles of the cut sample strips should be consistent with the conditions of all the cracked fiber bundles, and it is not possible to just cut samples with all the fiber bundles being long or short, sparse or dense. 3. The simple identification method for pig, cattle and sheep split leather material according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, the microscope is a stereo microscope with a ruler function, and the magnification can be at least 10-100 times Stepless adjustment between. 4. The simple identification method for pig, cattle and sheep split leather material according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, the microscope takes microscopic images with magnifications of 10 times and 100 times respectively, and the microscope workstation AxioVision software measured the length of the fiber bundles under the 10X microscopic image and the thickness of the fiber bundles under the 100X microscopic image, and observed the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundles under the 100X microscopic image. 5. The simple method for identifying the material of pig, cattle and sheep split leather according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, the length of the fiber bundle is measured as the length of the part where the length of the fiber bundle is relatively uniform, and the length of the fiber bundle is The thickness of the fiber bundle measures the thickness of the middle part of the fiber bundle near the tip. 6. The simple method for identifying the material of pig, cattle and sheep split leather according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S3, the morphological characteristics of the fiber bundles include fiber bundles or being bundled or scattered, or vertical or curled And fiber bundles are either round or flat. 7. The method for simple identification of pig, cattle and sheep split leather materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S4, the pre-stored known sample atlas is a large number of known species of pigs, cattle and sheep split layers collected in the laboratory Typical representative micrographs of pigs, cattle and sheep summarized after the experimental procedures of leather, which include microscopic images and descriptions of fiber bundle length, thickness and morphological characteristics. 8. The simple and easy identification method of pig, cattle and sheep split leather material according to claim 7, characterized in that, in the known sample collections stored in advance, the length of pigskin fiber bundles is 2-10 mm, and the length of cowhide fiber bundles is 2-10 mm. 10 mm, sheepskin fiber bundles are 0-6 mm long; pigskin fiber bundles are 20-40 microns thick, cowhide fiber bundles are 70-130 microns thick, sheepskin fiber bundles are 30-70 microns thick; pigskin fiber bundles are characterized by bundles Existence, slightly flat, very thin and straight, the morphological characteristics of cowhide fiber bundles exist in the form of bundles, which are rounder and straighter, and the morphological characteristics of sheepskin fiber bundles exist in a dispersed form, slightly flat and slightly curly.