CN106518139B - 一种隔热耐火砖的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种隔热耐火砖的制备方法。向基础料中加入高温发泡剂,混合粉磨至过250目标准筛,得到配合料;高温发泡剂为CaCO3、SiC、CaSO4、BaCO3中的任意2种或2种以上的混合;将配合料铺堆于模具,置于高温炉中,以5~10℃/min升温至1000℃,再2~5℃/min升温至1300℃~1450℃,保温1~2h;以5~7℃/min降温至900~1000℃,并在900~1000℃保温2~3.5h,再以1~2℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2~4℃/min降温至<50℃,拆除模具得到隔热耐火砖。分段控制冷却的方法使制备的隔热耐火砖内部温度分布均匀,温度应力较小,产品成品率大于85%,并在900~1000℃保温,促使材料中玻璃体的重析晶,产品中晶相含量大于80%,显著提升了材料的抗压强度和耐火度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火保温材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种隔热耐火砖的制备方法。
背景技术
轻质隔热耐火砖是一种气孔率高、体积密度小、导热系数及热容量低,并具有一定耐压强度的保温耐火材料。工业窑炉砌体蓄热损失和炉体表面散热损失,一般约占燃料消耗的24~45%,用轻质耐火保温砖作炉体结构的材料,不仅可节能降耗、减轻炉体自重,简化窑炉结构,降低工作环境温度并改善劳动条件。且由于蓄热量的降低,可实现窑炉的快速升温和冷却,提高了窑炉的生产效率。
轻质隔热耐火制品主要分为多孔状、纤维状、粉粒状,其中多孔隔热耐火砖是当前最重要的隔热耐火材料之一,按使用温度可分为低温轻质砖(使用温度600~900℃)、中温轻质砖(使用温度900~1200℃)、高温轻质砖(使用温度>1200℃)。目前,多孔轻质隔热耐火砖的制备方法主要包括:预埋填充物烧尽法、泡沫法、化学发泡法、模板法。
预埋填充物烧尽法是在配料中添加一定数量的可燃物或升华物,如木屑、煤粉、焦炭与聚苯乙烯等,在烧结过程中烧失而引入气孔。其作为目前多孔轻质隔热耐火材料的主要生产方式,虽工艺简单,但在产品成型和烧成过程也存在诸多问题。首先,一些烧尽材料具有一定弹性,在对泥料旋压时,它们受压变形,压力去除后反弹导致坯体疏松,甚至开裂变形。且在浇筑成型时,轻质填充物(如聚苯乙烯球)易上浮造成制品气孔分布不均。其次,在赋孔材料未被完全烧尽时,易降低制品气孔率并造成“黑心”。因此,要求严格控制强氧化的烧成气氛。最后,可燃尽物加入量是决定气孔率、体积密度及导热系数的重要参数,而加入量过高会造成过大的收缩,制品尺寸不易控制甚至开裂。因此,用预埋填充物烧尽法难以制造高气孔率、低体积密度的隔热耐火材料,且产品导热系数较高(0.3~0.4W/(m·K))。同时,通过将泡沫液与浆料共混,利用已稳定形成的气泡而产生气孔的泡沫法,虽可生产体积密度小的隔热制品,但其半成品的干燥较复杂,生产周期长,成本较高且制品强度低。
在发明专利CN 101698614 A《超微孔高强隔热保温耐火砖及其制造方法》公开了一种利用化学发泡法制备隔热保温耐火砖的方法,通过将发泡剂与水混合制成泡沫,掺入由粉煤灰或漂珠与硅铝系耐火熟料、粘结剂调制成的糊状料中,然后通过浇注成型、干燥烧成制备出高强度的耐火保温砖。此方法虽能生产低体积密度的隔热耐火砖,但相较于高温发泡法,其湿法成型方式带来干燥成本高、生产周期长,干燥、烧成阶段容易开裂等诸多缺点。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种隔热耐火砖的制备方法,通过按一定比例加入不同分解温度的高温发泡剂并在高温下煅烧,制成超轻、高强、低导热的隔热耐火砖。
为达到上述目的,采用技术方案如下:
一种隔热耐火砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)向基础料中加入高温发泡剂,混合粉磨至过250目标准筛,得到配合料;高温发泡剂为CaCO3、SiC、CaSO4、BaCO3中的任意2种或2种以上的混合;
2)将配合料铺堆于模具,置于高温炉中,以5~10℃/min升温至1000℃,再2~5℃/min升温至1300℃~1450℃,保温1~2h;
3)以5~7℃/min降温至900~1000℃,并在900~1000℃保温2~3.5h,再以1~2℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2~4℃/min降温至<50℃,拆除模具得到隔热耐火砖。
按上述方案,基础料包含的化学组成范围为Al2O3:35~48wt%、SiO2:35~55wt%、CaO+MgO:4~15wt%、Na2O+K2O:1~5wt%、Fe2O3:0.1~3wt%。
按上述方案,高温发泡剂所占质量比为0.1~1.0wt%,发泡剂平均粒径均小于13μm,纯度均大于98%。
按上述方案,高温发泡剂为SiC和CaSO4质量比2:1的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的升温速率升温至1320℃,在1320℃保温1h;以5℃/min降温至900℃,在900℃保温3h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
按上述方案,高温发泡剂为SiC和BaCO3质量比1:3的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以4℃/min的升温速率升温至1400℃,在1400℃保温2h;最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
按上述方案,高温发泡剂为CaCO3、SiC和BaCO3质量比1:3:2的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以4℃/min的升温速率升温至1360℃,在1360℃保温1.5h,最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
按上述方案,高温发泡剂为SiC、CaSO4和BaCO3质量比2:1:3的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以3℃/min的升温速率升温至1420℃,在1420℃保温2h,最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
按上述方案,高温发泡剂为SiC、CaSO4和BaCO3质量比1:1:2的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃,在1450℃保温1.5h,最后以7℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
不同于普通多孔陶瓷使用的高温发泡法,本方法利用CaCO3(分解温度800~950℃)、SiC(分解温度1000~1200℃)、BaCO3(分解温度1250~1350℃)、CaSO4(分解温度1150~1280℃)组成的复合发泡剂,将高温下的由单一发泡剂的分解发泡改进为复合发泡剂的分段氧化及分解,使气孔的成核过程提前至烧结温度,从而使气孔成核与生长分段进行,在烧成时坯体无需形成大量的液相即可产生大量均匀分布的气孔。同时,通过控制冷却实现无定型玻璃相的重析晶,相较于普通泡沫陶瓷,其耐火晶相量更高,其使用温度可达1200℃。
本发明相对于现有技术有益效果如下:
通过高温发泡剂与原料的干法直接混合,在高温下利用微量高温发泡剂的氧化或分解产生的气体,在软化坯体中形成闭气孔,实现了耐火材料的轻质化。其制备工艺简单,生产周期较短,生产成本低,制品结构可控。
分段控制冷却的方法使制备的隔热耐火砖内部温度分布均匀,温度应力较小,产品成品率大于85%,并在900~1000℃保温,促使材料中玻璃体的重析晶,产品中晶相含量大于80%。
实现了超轻高强隔热耐火材料的制备,且较于制备轻质隔热耐火材料的预埋填充物烧尽法,其制备工艺简单,产品体积密度小,闭气孔率高,导热系数更低,并具有较好的耐磨性和强度。
制备的隔热耐火砖,体积密度<500kg/m3,350℃±25℃导热系数<0.22w/(m·k),强度4~10MPa。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步阐释本发明的技术方案,但不作为对本发明保护范围的限制。
实施例1
一种高温发泡工艺制备隔热耐火砖的方法,其原料化学组成按质量百分数计如下:
表1隔热耐火砖1的原料组成
将以上隔热耐火砖原料掺入占原料质量分数0.8%的高温发泡剂,其中高温发泡剂为SiC和CaSO4质量比2:1的比例混合。并按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将原料按上述比例放入陶瓷球磨机中,干法混磨6h,取出过250目筛,取筛下粉料;
(2)将步骤(1)所得粉料均匀填充在莫来石质耐火模具中,并以陶瓷纤维纸隔绝,表面铺堆平整;
(3)将铺有陶瓷坯料的模具送入高温炉内,以8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的升温速率升温至1320℃,在1320℃保温1h;
(4)以5℃/min降温至900℃,在900℃保温3h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃,取出并拆除耐火模具,切制成标准耐火砖。
最终,生产出的隔热耐火砖容重为360kg/m3,常温耐压强度为4.5MPa,1050℃加热永久线变化率1.9%,350℃±25℃导热系数0.15W/(m·K)。
实施例2
在实施例1的基础上,使用另一种组成的原料,其原料化学组成按质量百分数计如下:
表2隔热耐火砖2的原料组成
将以上隔热耐火砖原料掺入占原料质量分数0.4%的高温发泡剂,其中高温发泡剂为SiC和BaCO3质量比1:3的比例混合。并以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以4℃/min的升温速率升温至1400℃,在1400℃保温2h,最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。其余步骤与实施例1相同。
最终,生产出的隔热耐火砖容重为450kg/m3,常温耐压强度为7.9MPa,1150℃加热永久线变化率1.8%,350℃±25℃导热系数0.21W/(m·K)。
实施例3
在实施例2的基础上,使用相同组成的原料,其原料化学组成按质量百分数计如表2。
将以上隔热耐火砖原料掺入占原料质量分数0.6%的高温发泡剂,其中高温发泡剂为CaCO3、SiC和BaCO3按1:3:2的比例混合。并以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以4℃/min的升温速率升温至1360℃,在1360℃保温1.5h,最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h。其余步骤与实施例1相同。
最终,生产出的隔热耐火砖容重为480kg/m3,常温耐压强度为8.5MPa,1150℃加热永久线变化率1.6%,350℃±25℃导热系数0.22W/(m·K)。
实施例4
在实施例2的基础上,使用相同组成的原料,其原料化学组成按质量百分数计如表2。
将以上隔热耐火砖原料掺入占原料质量分数0.8%的高温发泡剂,其中高温发泡剂为SiC、CaSO4和BaCO3按2:1:3的比例混合。并以8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以3℃/min的升温速率升温至1420℃,在1420℃保温2h,最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h。其余步骤与实施例1相同。
最终,生产出的隔热耐火砖容重为410kg/m3,常温耐压强度为5.9MPa,1150℃加热永久线变化率1.6%,350℃±25℃导热系数0.18W/(m·K)。
实施例5
在实施例1的基础上,使用另一种组成的原料,其原料化学组成按质量百分数计如下:
表3隔热耐火砖5的原料组成
将以上隔热耐火砖原料掺入占原料质量分数0.4%的高温发泡剂,其中高温发泡剂为SiC、CaSO4和BaCO3按1:1:2的比例混合。并以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃,在1450℃保温1.5h,最后以7℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h。其余步骤与实施例1相同。
最终,生产出的隔热耐火砖容重为495kg/m3,常温耐压强度为9.5MPa,1150℃加热永久线变化率1.3%,350℃±25℃导热系数0.23W/(m·K)。
Claims (6)
1.一种隔热耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)向基础料中加入高温发泡剂,混合粉磨至过250目标准筛,得到配合料;高温发泡剂为CaCO3、SiC、CaSO4、BaCO3中的任意2种以上的混合;其中,所述基础料包含的化学组成范围为Al2O3:35~48wt%、SiO2:35~55wt%、CaO+MgO:4~15wt%、Na2O+K2O:1~5wt%、Fe2O3:0.1~3wt%;所述高温发泡剂所占质量比为0.1~1.0wt%,发泡剂平均粒径均小于13μm,纯度均大于98%;
2)将配合料铺堆于模具,置于高温炉中,以5~10℃/min升温至1000℃,再2~5℃/min升温至1300℃~1450℃,保温1~2h;
3)以5~7℃/min降温至900~1000℃,并在900~1000℃保温2~3.5h,再以1~2℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2~4℃/min降温至50℃,拆除模具得到隔热耐火砖。
2.如权利要求1所述隔热耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于高温发泡剂为SiC和CaSO4质量比2:1的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的升温速率升温至1320℃,在1320℃保温1h;以5℃/min降温至900℃,在900℃保温3h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
3.如权利要求1所述隔热耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于高温发泡剂为SiC和BaCO3质量比1:3的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以4℃/min的升温速率升温至1400℃,在1400℃保温2h;最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
4.如权利要求1所述隔热耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于高温发泡剂为CaCO3、SiC和BaCO3质量比1:3:2的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以4℃/min的升温速率升温至1360℃,在1360℃保温1.5h,最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
5.如权利要求1所述隔热耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于高温发泡剂为SiC、CaSO4和BaCO3质量比2:1:3的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以8℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以3℃/min的升温速率升温至1420℃,在1420℃保温2h,最后以5℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
6.如权利要求1所述隔热耐火砖的制备方法,其特征在于高温发泡剂为SiC、CaSO4和BaCO3质量比1:1:2的混合;配合料置于高温炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃,在1450℃保温1.5h,最后以7℃/min降温至980℃,在980℃保温2.5h,再以1℃/min降温至500℃,最后以2℃/min降温至50℃。
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