CN106510869A - Dental implant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dental implant, which comprises an implant root, a support portion and a fixed covering body, wherein the support portion is formed at the top of the implant root, and the fixed covering body is arranged between the implant root and the support portion. The implant root can be implanted in the alveolar bone of a human oral cavity, so that the alveolar bone combination body on the outer peripheral surface of the implant root and the alveolar bone are bone-integrated, the support portion extends out of the gingival skin flap and is used to fix an artificial crown, and the fixed covering body is covered on the surface of the alveolar bone with its first wing portion and the second wing portion opposite to both sides of the implant root, and the fixed covering body is fixed to the alveolar bone in combination with fixing elements such as bone nails or screws, thereby providing a dental implant that is firm, non-loose, easy to operate and low-cost.

Description

dental implant

technical field

The invention relates to a dental implant, especially a dental implant for implanting in the alveolar bone of the oral cavity of a human body and providing an artificial crown for installation thereon.

Background technique

Whether the existing dental implant adopts two-piece or one-piece structure, its holding force depends on the result of osseointegration of the dental implant in the alveolar bone. The combined structure of the two-piece dental implant mainly includes A tooth root part and a set tooth part, the tooth root part is screwed in the alveolar bone of the human oral cavity, the abutment tooth part is screwed in the screw hole with the opening of the tooth root part facing upwards with the screw connection part of the lower part, the abutment The upper end of the tooth part protrudes out of the gingival flap outside the alveolar bone, and is used for assembling an artificial crown. The one-piece dental implant is screwed behind the alveolar bone, and the tooth parts of the abutment are exposed to the oral environment. Compared with the two-piece dental implant, it is easier to be impacted by the force in the oral cavity and cause loosening during the waiting for osseointegration. fail.

Therefore, the existing dental implants are only combined with the alveolar bone by the tooth root part, often due to poor bone quality, it is difficult to provide a firm combination effect and fail to achieve the expected osseointegration results. Or, after a period of occlusal action or external force of the artificial denture, the dental implant is prone to loosening, resulting in overall failure including the implant and the upper part of the assembled denture. Therefore, medical disputes frequently occur.

Clinically, the alveolar bone for dental implants should preferably have a height of more than 10mm, and the implant surgery is relatively safe and stable. However, due to the impact of alveolar bone atrophy, alveolar bone density, or sinus position changes caused by the length of time before the implant and tooth loss, each dental implant The condition of the alveolar bone was different. Once the alveolar bone is severely atrophied and the bone condition is not good, it is difficult to directly implant the existing dental implant into the alveolar bone. It is often necessary to use supplementary bone surgery to increase or fill the height or width of the alveolar bone. To prevent the implant in the posterior region of the maxilla from entering the paranasal sinus, and to ensure that the root part of the dental implant and the alveolar bone have sufficient bonding area for osseointegration after the implant is implanted in the alveolar bone.

For example, China Taiwan Announcement No. I491381 "Bone Heightening Device and Method for Dental Implant Surgery" invention patent application, the bone raising device disclosed in this patent application mainly extends downward from a body with a fixed root with screw teeth, and the upper end of the body A fixing seat is provided, and the bone heightening device is screwed in the alveolar bone by the fixing root, and a covering film is connected with a fixing element outside the fixing seat, and the covering film is raised by the bone raising device, so that the covering film The space between the alveolar and the alveolar can be filled with bone powder to achieve the purpose of bone heightening.

When implanting dental implants after heightening the alveolar bone, it is necessary to take out the covering film and the bone heightening device after the filling bone powder is tightly combined with the alveolar bone, and use the heightening alveolar bone to provide the root of the dental implant The parts are screwed into it, and the threaded part of the lower section of the abutment tooth part is screwed into the screw hole with the opening of the root part facing upwards, and the gingival flap protruding outside the alveolar bone at the upper end of the abutment tooth part is externally assembled with artificial Dental crowns and other steps.

However, although the aforementioned bone augmentation device can provide technical means for alveolar bone augmentation, it is used to increase or fill up the height or width of the alveolar bone, so that after the dental implant is implanted into the alveolar bone, the gap between the root part of the dental implant and the alveolar bone Have sufficient bonding area for osseointegration. However, the bone augmentation operation using the bone augmentation device and the implantation operation of the dental implant must be performed separately, and cannot be completed in one operation, resulting in time-consuming and labor-intensive operation. In addition to costing money and time, patients have to endure multiple operations, and there is no guarantee that these operations will bring satisfactory results.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dental implant, which solves (1) poor quality, (2) inconvenient operation and (3) firmness encountered in the implantation operation of the existing artificial dental implant at one time. Poor and other issues.

In order to achieve the aforementioned purpose, the dental implant proposed by the present invention comprises:

An implant root, which can be implanted into the alveolar bone. The implant root includes a cylindrical root body, and the root body has an alveolar bone complex capable of osseointegrating with the alveolar bone;

a platform formed on the top of the root of the implant for fixing an artificial crown; and

A fixed overlay, arranged between the root of the implant and the abutment, is used to cover the surface of the alveolar bone, and can be fixed on the alveolar bone with fixing elements, the fixed overlay includes a first wing A piece portion and a second fin portion, the first fin portion and the second fin portion are respectively located on opposite sides of the central axis of the root of the implant and extend downward, the first fin portion and the second fin portion Each part is provided with at least one through hole for providing the fastening element to pass through.

The above-mentioned alveolar bone combination body at least includes a groove-shaped joint part, which is composed of a plurality of annular grooves arranged at intervals up and down.

The above-mentioned groove-shaped joint is formed on the lower peripheral surface of the root body, and the alveolar bone complex also includes a non-rotation joint formed on the upper peripheral surface of the root body. The anti-rotation joint is a plurality of It is formed by the anti-rotation convex line of the central axis of the root.

The anti-rotation convex strip is a wedge-shaped strip whose width decreases from top to bottom relative to the outer peripheral surface of the root body.

The abutment includes a base section and a pillar section formed on the upper end of the abutment base section. The abutment base section is a tapered body whose diameter decreases from top to bottom. The diameter of the pillar section is smaller than that of the abutment base section. diameter, and the pillar section is a tapered body whose diameter increases from top to bottom, and the outer peripheral surface of the pillar section forms a plurality of assembly grooves extending obliquely from top to bottom.

The above-mentioned fixed overlay is integrally formed with the root of the implant and the abutment, and each of the first wing part and the second wing part has an end bent or bent downward, and the ends of the first wing part are opposite to each other. The included angle with the central axis of the implant root is an acute angle, and the included angle between the end of the second wing part and the central axis of the implant root is an acute angle.

The length of the above-mentioned first wing part is less than the length of the second wing part, the width of the first wing part is smaller than the width of the second wing part, a perforation is provided on the first wing part, and the second wing part There are two perforations on it.

Through the creation of the aforementioned dental implant, it mainly uses the root of the implant to be implanted in the alveolar bone of the human oral cavity. The body is covered on the surface of the alveolar bone, and the first wing part and the second wing part of the fixed overlay are respectively located on the opposite sides of the root of the implant and fixed on the alveolar bone with fixing elements such as bone nails or screws, so as to The multiple fixing methods enable the dental implant to be firmly and not easily loosely fixed in the alveolar bone, and the abutment can protrude out of the gingival flap to directly fix an artificial crown. Furthermore, the dental implant of the present invention can be directly combined with bone replacement surgery or maxillary sinus augmentation surgery according to the condition of the alveolar bone during the implantation operation of the alveolar bone, so that the necessary supplementary surgery can be completed simultaneously in one operation. Steps such as bone or maxillary sinus augmentation and dental implant implantation into alveolar bone make the implant surgery easier and easier to operate, and effectively reduce the inconvenience of patients. Therefore, the dental implant is created with a simplified structure of a single component, so that the dental implant has the functions of simple operation and low cost in the dental implant surgery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the first preferred embodiment of the dental implant of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of another viewing angle of the first preferred embodiment of the dental implant shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic side plan view of the first preferred embodiment of the dental implant shown in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the second preferred embodiment of the dental implant of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic side plan view of the second preferred embodiment of the dental implant shown in FIG. 3 .

Fig. 6 is a reference diagram of an implementation state of the dental implant of the present invention applied to dental implant surgery.

Fig. 7 is a reference diagram of another implementation state of the dental implant of the present invention applied to dental implant surgery.

Fig. 8 is a reference diagram of another implementation state of the dental implant of the present invention applied to dental implant surgery.

【Symbol Description】

1 dental implant

10 Implant root 11 Root body

12 Alveolar bone complex 13 Grooved joint

131 Annular groove 14 Anti-rotation junction

141 Anti-rotation convex strip 15 Central axis

20 abutments and 21 abutments

22 pillar section 221 joint groove

30 fixed covering body 31 first wing part

311 end 312 perforation

32 second wing part 321 end

322 perforations

θ1 first included angle θ2 second included angle

50 alveolar bone 51 bone hole

52 bone meal

60 bone nails 70 gingival flaps

80 sinus cavities 81 maxillary sinus mucosa

90 artificial crowns

100 ejectors.

detailed description

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, it is several preferred embodiments of the dental implant of the present invention, as can be seen from these drawings, the dental implant 1 includes an implant root 10, a platform 20 and a fixed cover 30.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 to FIG. 5 , the implant root 10 is used to be implanted in the alveolar bone, and osseointegrated with the alveolar bone. The length of the implant root 10 is set according to the usage requirements of the product. The implant root 10 includes a cylindrical root body 11 , and an alveolar bone integration body 12 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the root body 11 . In this preferred embodiment, the alveolar bone complex 12 at least includes a groove-shaped joint portion 13, and the groove-shaped joint portion 13 can be formed on the lower peripheral surface or the entire peripheral surface of the root body 11, said The groove-shaped joint portion 13 is composed of a plurality of annular grooves 131 spaced up and down, or may be composed of one or more spiral grooves. When the groove-shaped joint 13 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the lower part of the implant root 10, the alveolar bone complex 12 may further include a non-rotation joint 14 formed on the outer circumferential surface of the upper part of the root body 11, the anti-rotation joint The portion 14 can be composed of a plurality of anti-rotation convex strips 141 parallel to the central axis 15 of the implant root 10. The anti-rotation convex strips 141 are preferably wedge-shaped strips with decreasing width from top to bottom relative to the outer peripheral surface of the root body 11. . The anti-rotation protruding strips 141 are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the root body 11 correspondingly in the radial direction, or the anti-rotation protruding strips 141 can also be arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the root body 11 in an equiangular distribution.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 to FIG. 5 , the abutment portion 20 is formed on the top of the root portion 10 of the implant, and is used for fastening an artificial tooth crown. In this preferred embodiment, the abutment portion 20 is formed at the top of the root body 11 of the implant root 10 . The abutment part 20 includes a platform base section 21 and a pillar section 22 formed on the upper end of the abutment base section 21. The abutment base section 21 is a tapered body whose diameter decreases from top to bottom. The diameter of the pillar section 22 is The diameter of the pillar section 22 is smaller than the diameter of the abutment base section 21 , and the diameter of the pillar section 22 is tapered from top to bottom. The outer peripheral surface of the pillar section 22 forms a plurality of assembly grooves 221 extending obliquely from top to bottom. In this preferred embodiment, the plurality of assembling grooves 221 are equiangularly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the pillar section 22 .

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 or Fig. 4, the fixed overlay 30 is arranged between the root part 10 and the abutment part 20 of the implant, and is used to cover and attach to the surface of the alveolar bone, and can be fixed with bone nails or Fastening elements such as screws are fixed on the alveolar bone. The fixed covering 30 can be integrally formed with the implant root 10 and the abutment 20, or the fixed covering 30 can also be an independent part, and the fixed covering 30 is installed on the integrally formed implant by a fixed means. Between the body root 10 and the abutment 20 . In this preferred embodiment, the fixed cover 30 is integrally formed with the implant root 10 and the abutment 20 . The fixed cover 30 includes a first fin portion 31 and a second fin portion 32 , the first fin portion 31 and the second fin portion 32 are respectively located on opposite sides of the central axis 15 of the implant root 10 , each of the first wing portion 31 and the second wing portion 32 has a downwardly bent or bent end 311 , 321 . The first wing portion 31 and the second wing portion 32 are respectively provided with at least one through hole 312 , 322 .

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5, the first wing part 31 and the second wing part 32 can be implemented in the same length or one short and one long, and the first wing part 31 and the second wing part 32 can also be implemented in the same width or one narrow and one wide. In this preferred embodiment, the length of the first wing part 31 is shorter than the length of the second wing part 32, the width of the first wing part 31 is smaller than the width of the second wing part 32, the first wing One through hole 312 is formed on the portion 31 , and two through holes 322 are formed on the second wing portion 32 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the ends 311, 321 of the first wing portion 31 have a first included angle θ1 relative to the central axis 15 of the implant root 10, and the ends 311, 321 of the second wing portion 32 are relative to the center axis 15 of the implant root 10. The central axis 15 of the implant root 10 has a second included angle θ2, the first included angle θ1 and the second included angle θ2 are acute angles, and the first included angle θ1 and the second included angle θ2 are determined according to the usage requirements of the product. Settings, or can be customized according to actual usage needs. In this preferred embodiment, the angles between the first included angle θ1 and the second included angle θ2 are roughly set between 10° and 45°, wherein, the preferred angle setting can be as shown in the following table kind of embodiment. However, the angle settings of the first included angle θ1 and the second included angle θ2 are not limited to the angles shown in the table. surface:

First included angle (θ1) 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 40° The second included angle (θ2) 10°, 30° 15° 20°, 25° 35° 20° 30°, 40°, 45°

As shown in Figure 6, when the dental implant 1 of the present invention is applied to the dental implant surgery, the dental implant specialist first performs local anesthesia on the gingiva of the implanted patient, and then cuts open the gingival skin of the edentulous part of the oral cavity of the implanted patient with a scalpel. flap 70, open the gingival flap 70, and reveal the alveolar bone 50, and secondly, select the position of the alveolar bone 50 suitable for implanting the dental implant according to the full-mouth digital image or 3D computerized tomography image of the implanter, and use The instrument drills a bone hole 51 at the selected position of the alveolar bone 50. The diameter of the bone hole 51 corresponds to the outer diameter of the root body 11 of the implant root 10 of the dental implant. The root of the implant 10 is implanted in the bone hole 51 of the alveolar bone 50, wherein the anti-rotation joint 14 can be further embedded against the edge of the bone hole 51 of the alveolar bone 50, so that the root of the dental implant 10 is firmly connected with the alveolar bone 50, and can improve the firmness of the osseointegration of the implant root 10 and the alveolar bone 50. In addition, the fixed cover 30 is used to cover the inner and outer surfaces of the alveolar bone 50, and then a plurality of bone nails 60 or screws pass through the first wing part 31 and the second wing part 32 of the fixed cover 30 respectively. The perforations 312, 322 are fixed on the inside and outside of the alveolar bone 50, and then the gingival flap 70 is re-covered on the surface of the alveolar bone 50 and the fixed overlay 30 and sutured so that the abutment 20 extends out of the gingival flap 70. In addition, it is used to directly fix an artificial tooth crown 90.

Generally speaking, the alveolar bone 50 to be implanted with the dental implant 1 preferably has a height of more than 10 mm and a width of more than 5 mm. The implantation success rate of the dental implant 1 can reach 95% to 98%, which is relatively safe. However, due to the atrophy state of the alveolar bone and the density of the alveolar bone caused by the length of tooth loss of each dental implant, the alveolar bone 50 of each dental implant is different. 1 The implant operation must be properly adjusted according to the condition of the alveolar bone 50 of the implanter. For example: when the alveolar bone 50 is insufficient, the implant root 10 of the dental implant 1 is exposed and is prone to infection and peri-implantitis. Combined with bone replacement surgery, the implant root 10 of the dental implant 1 is placed in the alveolar bone 50; and when the height of the alveolar bone 50 in the upper jaw is insufficient, it must be combined with maxillary sinus augmentation surgery to provide dental implants. Sufficient osseointegration area between the implant and the alveolar bone.

As shown in Fig. 7, wherein, when the bone condition such as insufficient width of the alveolar bone 50 is not good, the alveolar bone 50 must be retained to drill the bone hole 51 during the operation of implanting the dental implant 1 into the alveolar bone 50 Produced autologous bone meal. The fixed cover 30 of the dental implant 1 is covered on the inner and outer surfaces of the alveolar bone 50, and bone nails or screws pass through the first wing part 31 and the second wing part 32 of the fixed cover 30. After being fixed on the inside and outside of the alveolar bone 50, before suturing the gingival flap 70, fill the part of the implant root 10 exposed outside the alveolar bone 50 with bone powder 52. The bone powder 52 can be drilled using the aforementioned alveolar bone 50. The autologous bone powder left when the bone hole 51 is set, if the autologous bone powder is insufficient, the dental implant specialist can directly drill the autologous bone powder or bone pieces from other parts of the alveolar bone 50, or use artificial bone powder to fill the implant The part of the root 10 exposed outside the alveolar bone 50 rebuilds the width of the alveolar bone 50, promotes the hyperostosis of the alveolar bone 50 and the osseointegration between the alveolar bone 50 and the implant root 10 of the dental implant, and then, The gingival flap 70 is then re-covered on the surface of the alveolar bone 50 and the fixed overlay 30 and then sutured.

As shown in Figure 8, when the dental implant 1 is to be implanted in a position where the height of the alveolar bone 50 in the upper jaw is insufficient, maxillary sinus augmentation surgery must be combined to provide sufficient osseointegration between the dental implant 1 and the alveolar bone 50 area. Wherein, when using an instrument to drill a bone hole 51 at a predetermined position of the alveolar bone 50, the depth of the bone hole 51 must be controlled so that the bone hole 51 is close to the maxillary sinus mucosa 81 at the bottom of the paranasal sinus cavity 50, and then the instrument 100 is used to push it away. Extend into the bone hole 51 to lift the maxillary sinus mucosa 81 to a predetermined position, and fill the space opened between the maxillary sinus mucosa 81 and the alveolar bone 50 through the bone powder 52 through the bone hole 51 of the alveolar bone 50, the aforementioned The bone meal 52 can use the autologous bone meal 52 left when the alveolar bone 50 is drilled to form the bone hole 51 or artificial bone meal. Afterwards, the implant root 10 of the dental implant 1 is implanted into the bone hole 51 of the alveolar bone 50, and then the fixed overlay 30 is used to cover the inner and outer surfaces of the alveolar bone 50, and a plurality of bone screws 60 or screws pass through the perforations in the first wing part 31 and the second wing part 32 of the fixed covering 30 respectively, and are fixed on the inside and outside of the alveolar bone 50, and then cover the alveolar bone 50 with the gingival flap 70 again. After fixing the overlay 30 and suturing, the abutment portion 20 protrudes out of the gingival flap 70 .

It can be seen from the foregoing description that the dental implant of the present invention is applied in dental implant surgery. The root of the implant is implanted in the alveolar bone of the human oral cavity. Osseointegration of the alveolar bone, or further use the anti-rotation joint to fit and fix in the alveolar bone to improve the stability of the osseointegration between the root of the implant and the alveolar bone; in addition, use the fixed overlay to cover the alveolar bone The inner and outer surfaces of the overlay are fixed on the alveolar bone by using the first wing part and the second wing part of the fixed overlay on the opposite sides of the root of the implant combined with bone screws. In this way of multiple fixation, the dental implant It can be firmly and not easily fixed in the alveolar bone. Secondly, the abutment can extend out of the gingival flap to directly fix an artificial crown. In this way, the dental implant of the present invention is created with a simplified structure of its single component, and the dental implant is applied to dental implants. The operation has the characteristics of simple and easy operation, so that it can greatly reduce the cost in terms of material cost and dental implant surgery cost.

On the other hand, the dental implant of the present invention can be easily and easily implanted on the alveolar bone of the human oral cavity, which greatly shortens the operation time and effectively reduces the probability of infection. And after the implant root of the dental implant and the alveolar bone are osseointegrated, the dental implant and the alveolar bone can be firmly integrated, providing good support for the artificial crown installed on the abutment, and enhancing the denture. bite force. According to the above, the present invention provides an innovative and highly valuable dental implant creation for the dental implant technology field.

Claims (8)

1. A dental implant, characterized in that it comprises: An implant root, which can be implanted into the alveolar bone. The implant root includes a cylindrical root body, and the root body has an alveolar bone complex capable of osseointegrating with the alveolar bone; a platform formed on the top of the root of the implant for fixing an artificial crown; and A fixed overlay, arranged between the root of the implant and the abutment, is used to cover the surface of the alveolar bone, and can be fixed on the alveolar bone with fixing elements, the fixed overlay includes a first wing A piece portion and a second fin portion, the first fin portion and the second fin portion are respectively located on opposite sides of the central axis of the root of the implant and extend downward, the first fin portion and the second fin portion Each part is provided with at least one through hole for providing the fastening element to pass through. 2 . The dental implant according to claim 1 , wherein the alveolar bone complex at least includes a groove-shaped joint, and the groove-shaped joint is formed by a plurality of annular grooves arranged at intervals up and down. 3 . 3. The dental implant according to claim 2, wherein the groove-shaped joint is formed on the lower peripheral surface of the root body, and the alveolar bone complex also includes a groove formed on the upper peripheral surface of the root body The anti-rotation joint part is composed of a plurality of anti-rotation protrusions parallel to the central axis of the root of the implant. 4 . The dental implant according to claim 3 , wherein the anti-rotation convex strip is a wedge-shaped strip whose width decreases from top to bottom relative to the outer peripheral surface of the root body. 5. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the abutment comprises a base section and a pillar section formed on the upper end of the abutment base section, the abutment base The section is a cone whose diameter decreases from top to bottom. Jointing grooves extending downwards. 6. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the fixed overlay is integrally formed with the implant root and the abutment, and the first wing part and the second wing Each part has a downwardly bent or curved end, the angle between the end of the first wing part and the central axis of the root of the implant is an acute angle, and the end of the second wing part relative to the center axis of the root of the implant The included angle of the central axis is an acute angle. 7. The dental implant according to claim 6, wherein the length of the first fin portion is shorter than the length of the second fin portion, and the width of the first fin portion is smaller than the width of the second fin portion, A perforation is provided on the first fin part, and two perforations are provided on the second fin part. 8. The dental implant according to claim 5, wherein the fixed overlay is integrally formed with the root of the implant and the abutment, the length of the first wing is shorter than the length of the second wing, The width of the first wing part is smaller than the width of the second wing part, the first wing part is provided with a perforation, the second wing part is provided with two perforations, the first wing part and the second wing The pieces each have an end that is bent or bent downward, the angle between the end of the first wing part and the central axis of the implant root is an acute angle, and the end of the second wing part is relative to the root of the implant. The included angle of the central axis is an acute angle.