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CN106501611B - Insulation resistance detection method and device - Google Patents

Insulation resistance detection method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106501611B
CN106501611B CN201610963450.XA CN201610963450A CN106501611B CN 106501611 B CN106501611 B CN 106501611B CN 201610963450 A CN201610963450 A CN 201610963450A CN 106501611 B CN106501611 B CN 106501611B
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resistance
switch
insulation
controllable resistor
voltage
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CN106501611A (en
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农振付
徐德飞
左光敏
雷雨
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Shenzhen Hangsheng Electronic Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Hangsheng Electronic Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/025Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters

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  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of insulation resistance detection method and device, which includes metal-oxide-semiconductor S5, A/D sampling module, single-chip microcontroller, switch, resistance, it is described switch include switch S, switch S1, switch S2, switch S3, switch S4, switch S6, switch S7, the resistance includes the first controllable resistor, the second controllable resistor, resistance R1, resistance R4.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can fundamentally solve the problems, such as the insulation measurement of positive and negative busbar over the ground, and, by high-pressure system, software algorithm, progress real-time tracking calibration can be utilized according to not, the detection accuracy for further increasing insulation resistance guarantees the safety of passenger.

Description

Insulation resistance detection method and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of electricity more particularly to insulation resistance detection method and device.
Background technique
It is well known that in the industry for being related to high-pressure system, especially new energy electric motor vehicle industry;Insulation resistance resistance value This technical indicator is extremely important, can be directly related to a series of aspect problems such as production, safety.Insulation resistance is stored in high pressure Intrinsic resistance of the battery to objective reality between the earth.Some high tension batteries are connected between any with having no between the earth, that Its intrinsic resistance is related with a series of natural causes such as its sheathing material, air humidity.If the intrinsic insulation resistance is discontented The insulation characterisitic that 100 Ω of sufficient GBT18384/V is then equivalent between electric vehicle body and high tension battery is very poor, can be in vehicle Personnel cause electric shock and other safety accidents.Most of product is all the scheme for using GBT 18384 in industry at present.
In the scheme of GBT 18384, there can be a series of disadvantage.Finally can not Normal Feedback go out actual insulation The truth of resistance.
The basic principle of traditional Insulation monitoring scheme be intervened between direct current positive and negative busbar and car body forge iron it is a series of Resistance measures then by simple electronic switch or the size of relay switching access resistance value in different access resistance In the case of partial pressure of the positive and negative busbar in measured resistance, calculate the insulated electro of positive and negative busbar over the ground finally by solving an equation Resistance.
Fig. 1 is conventional insulator testing principle, UbIndicate assembled battery total voltage, Rn、RpRespectively indicate battery positive and negative busbar and vehicle Insulation resistance between body the earth accesses resistance, R between the positive and negative busbar and car body of battery pack1、R2、R3、R4, R, R ', U1、 U2Respectively pressure drop of the positive and negative busbar on resistance R and R ', S indicate electronic switch.
Resistance R4Electronic switch S in parallel, changes R and R by the disconnection and closure of S ' intrinsic standoff ratio.When S is disconnected It waits, obtains equation:
When S closure, another equation is obtained:
U′2With U '2The voltage of positive and negative busbar to vehicle sampling resistor R and the both ends R ' when respectively indicating S closure
Due to series resistance R1、R2、R3、R4, R, R ', it was known that so R can be solved by (1) and (2) simultaneousn、Rp
This is the mode that a kind of most common insulation resistance detects in the industry at present.But there are following several scarce for this method Point:
The resistance 1. traditional resistor has been connected always between high pressure positive and negative busbar, will cause certain leakage current.It reduces The insulation characterisitic of car body.
2. because U1、U2The sum of voltage be high voltage bus voltage, voltage is higher so can not directly measure.
3. in Rn、RpWhen resistance is close or even equal, R can not be directly measuredn、RpValue.
4. with different the case where battery itself, as the passage for using the time can not when vacant for a long time It re-scales.Causing Insulation monitoring, there is a certain error.
5. formula is complicated, anti-interference ability is poor.
6. cannot be distinguished from Rn、RpInsulation fault and R occur for only one of whichn、RpInsulation fault occurs together.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of insulation resistance detection devices, including metal-oxide-semiconductor S5, A/D sampling module, single-chip microcontroller, switch, Resistance, the switch include switch S, switch S1, switch S2, switch S3, switch S4, switch S6, switch S7, the resistance includes the One controllable resistor, the second controllable resistor, resistance R1, resistance R4, the switch S is connected with the A/D sampling module constitutes the first master Route, the metal-oxide-semiconductor S5Respectively with the switch S3With the switch S4It is connected, the switch S3Respectively with the resistance R1And institute State switch S1One end is connected, the R1With the resistance R4Second main line in series, the switch S1The other end is connected to institute State resistance R1With the resistance R4Between, the switch S6One end and the switch S3It is connected, the switch S6The other end with it is described First controllable resistor be connected, first controllable resistor is connected with first main line, second controllable resistor respectively with First main line and the switch S7One end is connected, the switch S7The other end and the switch S4It is connected, the resistance R4 With the switch S4It is connected, the switch S2One end and the switch S4It is connected, the switch S2The other end is connected to the resistance R1With the resistance R4Between, the single-chip microcontroller is connected with the A/D sampling module.
As a further improvement of the present invention, which further includes being series at the resistance R1With it is described Resistance R4Between resistance R2, resistance R, resistance R ', resistance R3, the switch S1The other end is connected to the resistance R1With the electricity Hinder R2Between, the switch S2The other end is connected to the resistance R3With the resistance R4Between.
As a further improvement of the present invention, which further includes filter module, the switch S and institute Filter module the first main line of connected composition is stated, the filter module is connected with the A/D sampling module, and the filter module connects It is connected to the resistance R2Between the resistance R, and the filter module is connected to the resistance R ' and the resistance R3Between.
As a further improvement of the present invention, which further includes isolation module, the isolation module One end is connected with the A/D sampling module, and the isolation module other end is connected with the single-chip microcontroller.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the isolation module respectively can with first controllable resistor and described second Resistance is controlled to be connected.
The present invention also provides a kind of insulation resistance detection methods, include the following steps:
The first step is in an off state switch when Insulation monitoring starts;
Second step, control switch S3, S4 access it in insulation resistance detection device high-pressure side, but are not closed at this time Other switches, the off state that keep other to switch;
Third step, using the divider resistance resistance value of circuit, is converted into total voltage after U1 and U2 is settled outThe stagnation pressure for keeping up with one-time detection is compared, if time and voltage change are more than to set Definite value will then be re-scaled, and otherwise, then enter directly into the process for calculating insulation resistance;
4th step, if stagnation pressure variation within the set range, enter calculate insulation resistance process, closure switch S, then The data of U1 and U2 are read, for being judged for the first time, to conclude the resistance value of insulation resistance meets which kind of situation of table table 1, point It Jin Ru not be among corresponding algorithm;
5th step, it is different according to the similar properties of insulation resistance, into its corresponding optimal numerical procedure, calculate absolutely The resistance value of edge resistance.
As a further improvement of the present invention, it in the third step, is re-scaled, is included the following steps:
(1) will switch S3、S4It is switched on corresponding gear;
(2) adaptometer calculates the insulation critical value of the battery pack, then changes the resistance of controllable resistor by single-chip microcontroller Value;
(3) passes through switch S again5To inject a stable voltage;
(4) then will switch S6、S7Closure, controllable resistor is linked into rear class detection circuit, a U ' is adopted to obtain1With U′2, then disconnect S6And S7
(5) simulates true insulation resistance by controllable resistor to change the voltage of U1 and U2, is converted into reason according to total voltage It is demarcated by the voltage that U1 and U2 are adopted, then the U1 with really adopting and U2;
(6) controllable resistor accesses 2 times in total, demarcates 2 times, and calibration terminates, and returns to the 4th step.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step (3), the voltage of injection not less than 5V and is no more than total Voltage.
It is asked the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can fundamentally solve the insulation measurement of positive and negative busbar over the ground Topic, and can be according to by high-pressure system, using software algorithm, progress real-time tracking calibration does not further increase insulated electro The detection accuracy of resistance guarantees the safety of passenger.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is conventional insulator detection principle diagram.
Fig. 2 is insulation resistance detection device schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is insulation resistance detection method flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 2, the invention discloses a kind of insulation resistance detection device, including metal-oxide-semiconductor S5, A/D sampling module, list Piece machine, switch, resistance, the switch include switch S, switch S1, switch S2, switch S3, switch S4, switch S6, switch S7, described Resistance includes the first controllable resistor, the second controllable resistor, resistance R1, resistance R4, the switch S is connected with the A/D sampling module Constitute the first main line, the metal-oxide-semiconductor S5Respectively with the switch S3With the switch S4It is connected, the switch S3Respectively with institute State resistance R1With the switch S1One end is connected, the R1With the resistance R4Second main line in series, the switch S1Separately One end is connected to the resistance R1With the resistance R4Between, the switch S6One end and the switch S3It is connected, the switch S6 The other end is connected with first controllable resistor, and first controllable resistor is connected with first main line, and described second can Control resistance respectively with first main line and the switch S7One end is connected, the switch S7The other end and the switch S4Phase Even, the resistance R4With the switch S4It is connected, the switch S2One end and the switch S4It is connected, the switch S2The other end connects It is connected to the resistance R1With the resistance R4Between, the single-chip microcontroller is connected with the A/D sampling module.
The insulation resistance detection device further includes being series at the resistance R1With the resistance R4Between resistance R2, resistance R, resistance R ', resistance R3, the switch S1The other end is connected to the resistance R1With the resistance R2Between, the switch S2It is another End is connected to the resistance R3With the resistance R4Between.
The insulation resistance detection device further includes filter module, and the switch S is connected with the filter module constitutes first Main line, the filter module are connected with the A/D sampling module, and the filter module is connected to the resistance R2With the electricity It hinders between R, and the filter module is connected to the resistance R ' and the resistance R3Between.
The insulation resistance detection device further includes isolation module, described isolation module one end and the A/D sampling module phase Even, the isolation module other end is connected with the single-chip microcontroller.
The isolation module is connected with first controllable resistor and second controllable resistor respectively.
The detection scheme principles and methods of the insulation resistance detection device are as follows:
After this present invention only needs once to be demarcated when leaving the factory, pass through switch S3、S4Switching, insulation can be completed The detection of resistance and 2 kinds of functions of real-time automatic Calibration.Because the invention can accomplish real-time automatic Calibration, while also have a set of High-precision algorithm arrangement, it is possible to which realization is able to satisfy high-precision when various all kinds of Insulation Problems occurs in insulation resistance The measurement of degree.
Insulation resistance detection: by being closed S, one group of U is then measured1、U2;In the closure by S1, new U ' is obtained1With U′2;S1 is disconnected again, obtains one group of new U " by the closure of S21With U "2.Then by this six groups of data U1、U2、U′1、U′2、U″1U″2It is brought among corresponding algorithm.The resistance value of insulation resistance can be obtained.
Automatic Calibration: by switch S33 grades are switched to, switch S4It is switched to 1 grade.Disconnect switch S6、S7, single-chip microcontroller is logical at this time Cross filtering, one group of U for leveling off to 0V is measured in A/D sampling1、U2, for 0 point of calibration and calibration.Then, closure switch S6、S7, Single-chip microcontroller can control to the controllable resistor access of variation.Then pass through control switch metal-oxide-semiconductor S5, to allow transformer in high-pressure side Generating a stable voltage, (voltage not necessarily high pressure, low pressure similarly can be to mark so virtually increasing Constant voltage input range, reduces threshold.) then, by changing the resistance value of controllable resistor, the resistance value for making its incoming meets The resistance (100 Ω/V) of the standard failure grade of GB18384 measures one group of new U '1、U′2To carry out first group of gain Calibration.And then it is secondary change controllable resistor resistance value, measure new voltage U "1、U″2To carry out the calibration of second group of gain. So far, automatic Calibration terminates.
All kinds of brief account situations that insulation resistance breaks down:
Insulation resistance is high-tension battery packet, always just and always bears intrinsic resistance over the ground.This is ceased with the production of battery pack cabinet Manner of breathing closes, once battery pack production is completed, intrinsic resistance is difficult to change whithin a period of time.An and excellent battery Packet, insulation resistance should be considerably beyond 100 Ω defined in GB18384/V.Typically tens or up to a hundred million.
Herein we assume that being 500V with battery pack.So according to the standard of GB18384, if any one side Rn and Rp Even if resistance value is lower than 100 Ω/V then insulation fault.I.e. are as follows: 50K Ω hereinafter referred to as 50K.
Table 1
The invention also discloses a kind of insulation resistance detection methods, include the following steps:
The first step, when Insulation monitoring starts, first to confirm controllable switch all in the program (can be relay, It is also possible to MOS) it is in an off state, battery last caused by being also possible to prevent in this way because of Insulation monitoring leaks electricity.Cause battery The consume of electricity.
Second step, control switch S3, S4 access it in insulation resistance detection device high-pressure side, but are not closed at this time Other switches, the off state that keep other to switch.
Third step, using the divider resistance resistance value of circuit, is converted into total voltage after U1 and U2 is settled outThe stagnation pressure for keeping up with one-time detection is compared, if time and voltage change are more than to set Definite value (if time is longer and voltage change is very big), will be re-scaled.If it is exhausted less, to enter directly into calculating The process of edge resistance.
4th step enters if stagnation pressure variation is within the set range (if stagnation pressure variation is little) and calculates insulation resistance Process, closure switch S, then the data of U1 and U2 are read, for being judged for the first time, to conclude that the resistance value of insulation resistance meets table Which kind of situation of table 1, respectively enters among corresponding algorithm.
5th step, it is different according to the similar properties of insulation resistance, into its corresponding optimal numerical procedure, calculate absolutely The resistance value of edge resistance.
If entering in the algorithm of automatic Calibration in third step by judgement, then the following steps are carried out:
(1) will switch S3、S4It is switched on corresponding gear.
(2) adaptometer calculates the insulation critical value of the battery pack, then changes the resistance of controllable resistor by single-chip microcontroller Value;Such as: 500V system, insulation secondary failure resistance value are 500*100 Ω/V=50K Ω, and insulate level fault resistance value are as follows: 500* 500 Ω/V=250K Ω.The controllable resistor of anode over the ground is then transferred to 50K Ω, another is adjusted to 250K Ω.
(3) passes through switch S again5Inject a stable voltage, voltage does not need that very big (minimum 5V, maximum are no more than Total voltage).
(4) then will switch S6、S7Closure, controllable resistor is linked into rear class detection circuit, a U ' is adopted to obtain1With U′2, then disconnect S6And S7, then the resistance that will be calculated in step (2), it reverses, such as: the controllable electric of anode over the ground 250K is transferred in resistance, another is adjusted to 50K.
(5) because controllable resistor access, so that the voltage that U1 and U2 are adopted can be changed.It is simulated by controllable resistor True insulation resistance changes the voltage of U1 and U2.It can because the controllable resistor (as simulating true insulation resistance) of access is Control known resistance value, it is possible to the voltage that theoretical U1 and U2 are adopted is converted into according to total voltage, then with really adopting U1 and U2 are demarcated.
(6) controllable resistor accesses 2 times in total, demarcates 2 times, and calibration terminates, and returns to the 4th step.
In the present invention, R1=R4, R2=R3, R=R '.
Used formula is as follows in Fig. 3:
Formula 1:
Formula 2:
Formula 3:
Formula 4:
Formula 5:
Formula 6:
The present invention has following technical advantage:
1. the case where being changed according to total voltage, carries out automatic Calibration and calibration.
2. total insulation resistance R just over the ground can be identifiednWith total negative insulation resistance R over the groundp2 resistance values it is various Situation, all kinds of collocation, and can accurate detection come out.
3. entire insulating monitoring module can be turned off when not detecting insulation resistance, to reduce oneself of battery pack Power consumption.
4. can be calibrated with total voltage.
5. taking different algorithm arrangements, strong antijamming capability according to the difference of the insulation characterisitic of insulation resistance.
6.U1、U2Voltage very little, convenient for acquisition.
The present invention is different from the detection scheme of insulation resistance described in GBT 18384.
The present invention analyzes the shortcomings that conventional insulator elder sister and younger brother's detection scheme, and proposes for its disadvantage a kind of novel high-precision The insulation resistance detection method and device of degree can fundamentally solve the problems, such as the insulation measurement of positive and negative busbar over the ground, and And it can be according to by high-pressure system, using software algorithm, progress real-time tracking calibration does not further increase the inspection of insulation resistance Precision is surveyed, guarantees the safety of passenger.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that Specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, In Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to of the invention Protection scope.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of insulation resistance detection device, which is characterized in that including metal-oxide-semiconductor S5, A/D sampling module, single-chip microcontroller, switch, electricity Resistance, the switch include switch S, switch S1, switch S2, switch S3, switch S4, switch S6, switch S7, the resistance includes first Controllable resistor, the second controllable resistor, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, the one end the switch S and the A/D sample mould Block, which is connected, constitutes the first main line, switch S other end ground connection, the one end voltage source U and the metal-oxide-semiconductor S5Source electrode be connected, transformation Device primary side respectively with the voltage source U other end and the metal-oxide-semiconductor S5Drain electrode be connected, described Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer one end warp Diode and switch S33 grades of side is connected, the Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer other end and the switch S41 grade of side is connected, described to open Close S33 grades of the other side and the resistance R1One end is connected, the switch S31 grade of the other side respectively with the switch S1One end, The resistance R1One end is connected, the resistance R1The other end and the resistance R2One end connects and composes the second main line, the switch S1The other end is connected to the resistance R1With the resistance R2Between, the switch S6One end and the switch S33 grades of side is connected, The switch S6The other end is connected with first controllable resistor one end, and the first controllable resistor other end is connected to described open It closes on the main line between the one end S and the A/D sampling module, second controllable resistor one end is connected to the switch S mono- On main line between end and the A/D sampling module, the second controllable resistor other end and the switch S7One end is connected, The switch S7The other end and the switch S41 grade of side be connected, the resistance R4One end respectively with the switch S4It is another 1 grade of side, the switch S43 grades of the other side, the switch S2One end is connected, the switch S2The other end connects the resistance R3 One end and the resistance R4The other end, the single-chip microcontroller are connected with the A/D sampling module;The switch S31 grade of side and battery The anode of packet is connected, the switch S43 grades of side is connected with battery pack cathode;
The resistance further includes resistance R, resistance R ', the one end the resistance R and the resistance R2The other end is connected, and the resistance R is another One end is connected on the main line between the one end the switch S and the A/D sampling module, the one end the resistance R ' and the electricity It hinders the R other end to be connected, the resistance R ' other end and the resistance R3It is connected.
2. insulation resistance detection device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the insulation resistance detection device further includes Filter module, described filter module one end include first interface, second interface, third interface, the filter module first interface It is connected with the one end the switch S, the filter module other end is connected with the A/D sampling module, the filter module second Interface is connected to the resistance R2Between the resistance R, and the filter module third interface be connected to the resistance R ' with The resistance R3Between.
3. insulation resistance detection device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the insulation resistance detection device further includes Isolation module, described isolation module one end are connected with the A/D sampling module, the isolation module other end and the single-chip microcontroller It is connected.
4. insulation resistance detection device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the isolation module is respectively with described One controllable resistor is connected with second controllable resistor.
5. a kind of insulation resistance detection method carried out using any one of the claim 1-4 insulation resistance detection device, It is characterized in that, includes the following steps:
The first step makes switch S, switch S when Insulation monitoring starts1, switch S2, switch S3, switch S4, switch S5, switch S6、 Switch S7It is in an off state;
Second step, control switch S3、S4Access it in insulation resistance detection device high-pressure side, but not closure switch at this time S, switch S2, switch S6, switch S7, to keep switch S, switch S2, switch S6, switch S7Off state;
Third step works as U1And U2After settling out, using the divider resistance resistance value of circuit, it is converted into total voltageThe total voltage for keeping up with one-time detection is compared, if time and voltage change are more than Setting value will then be re-scaled, and otherwise, then enter directly into the process for calculating insulation resistance, U1Expression the first voltage value, U2Indicate that second voltage value, R indicate that the resistance value of resistance R, R ' indicate the resistance value of resistance R ', R1Indicate resistance R1Resistance value, R2It indicates Resistance R2Resistance value, R3Indicate resistance R3Resistance value, R4Indicate resistance R4Resistance value;
4th step enters the process for calculating insulation resistance, closure switch S, then read if total voltage variation is within the set range The data of U1 and U2 out, for being judged for the first time, to conclude the resistance value of insulation resistance meets which kind of situation of table 1, respectively into Enter among corresponding algorithm;
5th step, it is different according to the similar properties of insulation resistance, into the numerical procedure of its corresponding algorithm, calculate absolutely The resistance value of edge resistance;
Table 1.
6. insulation resistance detection method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in the third step, carry out again Calibration, includes the following steps:
(1) will switch S3、S4It is switched on corresponding gear;
(2) adaptometer calculates the insulation critical value of battery pack, then changes the resistance value of controllable resistor by single-chip microcontroller;
(3) passes through switch S again5To inject a stable voltage;
(4) then will switch S6、S7Closure, controllable resistor is linked into rear class detection circuit, a U ' is adopted to obtain1With U '2, then Disconnect S6And S7, then the resistance that will be calculated in step (2), it reverses;
(5) simulates true insulation resistance by controllable resistor to change U1And U2Voltage, theoretical U is converted into according to total voltage1 And U2The voltage adopted, then the U with really adopting1And U2It is demarcated;
(6) controllable resistor accesses 2 times in total, demarcates 2 times, and calibration terminates, and returns to the 4th step.
7. insulation resistance detection method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the step (3), the electricity of injection Pressure is not less than 5V and is no more than total voltage.
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