CN106500975A - A kind of parts strain and load calibration test device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention claims to protect a test device for strain and load calibration of components. The fixed base is placed on the ground, the restraint mechanism is fixedly installed on one end of the upper part of the fixed base, and the torque sensor and force sensor are installed on the restraint mechanism; the loading mechanism passes through The guide rail and the rack and pinion are installed on the other end of the upper part of the fixed base. The linear actuator, drive motor and reducer are fixedly installed on the loading mechanism, connected with the measured part and applied load, and the displacement sensor is installed on the linear actuator. , the driving motor is connected with the reducer through a belt. Clamp the measured part pasted with the strain gauge between the restraint mechanism and the loading device, adjust the position of the loading mechanism through the controller according to the length of the measured part, and connect the force sensor, torque sensor, displacement sensor, and strain gauge signal data lines to the The controller collects and calibrates the strain, force (moment), and displacement (rotation angle) signals of the measured part, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of the calibration work.

Description

A component strain and load calibration test device

technical field

The invention belongs to a test device for calibration of component strain and load, which is mainly used to measure and convert the strain signal of the key components of the automobile chassis into a force or moment load, and the signal can be used for test loading of the component bench, It is applied to the development of complete vehicles and belongs to the field of automobile industry engineering.

Background technique

The key components of the automobile chassis mainly serve to transmit the load from the road surface, and are the main structural components of the vehicle. Measuring the real load of the components during the driving process of the vehicle is of great significance to the development of the whole vehicle. Strain gauges measure the real strain of components during driving, but the strain data is the response signal of the components when they are excited by external loads, and cannot be directly used for component bench tests or CAE simulation loading.

In order to obtain the excitation load of components, methods have been researched and applied at home and abroad. For example, force (moment) sensors are installed on components to obtain the force (moment) load of components. This method can directly obtain excitation loads, but the components need to be Restructuring is complicated, costly, and takes a long time.

If the strain signal measured by the strain gauge pasted on the component can be converted into a force (moment) signal or displacement (angle) signal through calibration, the same purpose as using a force (moment) sensor can be achieved, and the cost and cycle time are lower. Economical, there is less research and application of this technology at home and abroad, and there is no mature test equipment.

Therefore, a test device that can calibrate the strain of the component with the strain gauge attached as force (moment) and displacement (angle) is specially designed, which can directly obtain the excitation load of the component and use it for the precise development of the structural performance of the component.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the above problems of the prior art. A component strain and load calibration test device is proposed to achieve lower cost and directly obtain the excitation load of automotive components such as tie rods and drive shafts, which is used for the precise development of the structural performance of automotive components.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A component strain and load calibration test device, the measured component is pasted with a strain gauge, including a fixed base for supporting the entire test device, a restraint mechanism arranged at one end of the fixed base, and a slidable The loading mechanism and controller on the fixed base, the constraint mechanism is used to fix and constrain one end of the component under test, the loading mechanism is used to fix and load the other end of the component under test, the control The device is used to control the work of the loading mechanism and synchronously collect the strain, force/torque, displacement/angle signals of the measured parts, and draw the calibration curve.

Further, the measured components include rods and shafts.

Further, the constraint mechanism is also provided with a force sensor, a torque sensor, a rod constraining collet and a shaft loading flange, wherein the force sensor is installed between the constraining mechanism and the rod constraining collet, and the torque sensor is installed in the constraining mechanism Between the loading flange of the shaft and the loading flange of the shaft, the loading flange of the shaft is arranged above the constraining mechanism, and a rod constraining clamp is arranged below it.

Further, a shaft constraining flange is provided on the loading mechanism towards the upper side of the constraining mechanism, and is connected with the shaft constraining flange. reducer.

Further, a rod loading chuck is provided on the loading mechanism toward the lower side of the constraining mechanism to cooperate with the rod constraining chuck, and the rod loading chuck is fixed on the loading mechanism through a linear actuator.

Further, the rod loading chuck is a U-shaped clamp, one end is fixedly connected to the linear actuator through threads, and the other end is connected to the other end of the rod through bolts and nuts.

Further, a displacement sensor is provided between the rod loading chuck and the linear actuator, the displacement sensor is a pull-wire displacement sensor, the pull-wire displacement sensor includes a body and a wire end, and the body is installed on the body of the linear actuator On the top, the cable end is fixedly installed on the rod loading chuck, and the cable is parallel to the axis of the linear actuator.

Further, the bottom of the loading mechanism is provided with a rack and pinion mechanism, the rack and pinion mechanism is arranged axially along the fixed base, the gear is installed on the lower end surface of the loading mechanism, and the rack is installed on the upper end surface of the fixed base. Cooperate to drive the loading mechanism to move axially along the base.

Further, the side of the loading mechanism facing away from the restraint structure is provided with a drive motor, the drive motor communicates with the reducer coaxially, the drive motor is a stepper motor with an encoder, and drives the rear shaft of the reducer to rotate through a belt .

Further, the controller is respectively connected with the force sensor, the torque sensor, the displacement sensor and the signal data line of the strain gauge, and is used to collect the strain, force/torque, displacement/angle signal of the component under test, and draw a calibration curve.

Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are as follows:

(1) The test device uses the linear relationship between surface strain and force load in the elastic range to indirectly obtain component force signals, which are used as excitation loads for component strength fatigue tests.

(2) The test device can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the parts, and the measuring range covers most of the chassis parts of passenger cars and commercial vehicles, such as drive shafts, half shafts, steering rods, stabilizer bars, swing arms, shock absorbers, coil springs, etc. , a wide range of applications.

(3) The test device can realize automatic loading/unloading and data synchronization recording through the controller, which significantly improves work efficiency and reduces human errors.

(4) The test device can also be used to calculate the linear stiffness or angular stiffness of the component by synchronously recording the applied load of the component and the expansion and contraction amount or torsion angle of the component.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an axial view of the overall structure of a component strain and load calibration test device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is the axial view of the fixed base structure;

Fig. 3 is the structural axis view of the loading mechanism;

Fig. 4 structural axis view of restraint mechanism;

The symbols in the figure are explained as follows:

1-fixed base; 2-constraining mechanism; 3-loading mechanism; 4-rod constraining chuck; 5-shaft constraining flange; 6-force sensor; 7-torque sensor; 8-rack and pinion mechanism; 9 -linear actuator; 10-reducer; 11-rod loading chuck; 12-displacement sensor; 13-shaft loading flange; 14-driving motor; 15-controller.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and in detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention is a test device for calibration of component strain and load, which includes a fixed base 1, a restraint mechanism 2, a loading mechanism 3, a rod constraint chuck 4, a shaft constraint flange 5, a force sensor 6. Torque sensor 7, rack and pinion mechanism 8, linear actuator 9, reducer 10, rod loading chuck 11, displacement sensor 12, shaft loading flange 13, drive motor 14, controller 15.

The fixed base 1 is placed on the ground, and the restraint mechanism 2 is fixedly installed on one end of the upper part of the fixed base for clamping the measured parts. The force sensor 6 and the torque sensor 7 are installed on the restraint mechanism; the loading mechanism 3 passes through the guide rail and the gear The rack 8 is installed on the other end of the upper part of the fixed base, the linear actuator 9, the drive motor 14, and the reducer 10 are fixedly installed on the loading mechanism, connected with the measured part and applied a load, and the displacement sensor 12 is installed on the linear actuator. On the drive, the drive motor is connected to the reducer through a belt. Clamp the rod to be measured with strain gauges pasted between the constraining chuck 4 and the loading chuck 11, or clamp the shaft to be measured with strain gauges pasted between the constraining flange 5 and the loading flange 13 According to the length of the measured part, the position of the loading mechanism can be adjusted through the controller, and the force sensor, torque sensor, displacement sensor, and strain gauge signal data lines are connected to the controller 15 .

The fixed base 1 is placed on the ground for supporting the entire test device;

The constraint mechanism 2 is a rigid frame structure, fixedly installed at one end of the fixed base, and used to constrain one end of the test piece;

The loading mechanism 3 is a rigid platform, which can be moved and adjusted axially along the fixed base according to the length of the test piece, and is used for installing the reducer and the linear actuator;

The rod constraining chuck 4 is a "U"-shaped fixture, and one end of the rod is installed on the constraining mechanism through bolts and nuts;

The shaft constraining flange 5 is a rigid disc, and its end face is arranged with threaded mounting holes and slots along the radial and circumferential directions, and one end of the shaft component is fixedly installed on the constraining mechanism;

The force sensor 6 is installed between the restraint mechanism and the restraint chuck, and is used to measure the axial force load of the rod parts;

The torque sensor 7 is installed between the restraint mechanism and the restraint flange, and is used to measure the axial moment load of shaft parts;

The rack and pinion mechanism 8 is arranged axially along the fixed base, the gear is installed on the lower end surface of the loading mechanism, the rack is installed on the upper end surface of the fixed base, and the two cooperate to drive the loading mechanism to move axially along the base;

The linear actuator 9 is a hydraulic cylinder, which is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the loading mechanism, and is coaxial with the restraining chuck, and is used to apply tension and compression loads to rod components;

The reducer 10 is a cycloidal pinwheel reducer, fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the loading mechanism, coaxial with the restraining flange, and used to apply torsional load to the shaft components;

The loading chuck 11 is a "U"-shaped fixture, one end is fixedly connected to the linear actuator through a thread, and the other end is connected to the other end of the bar through a bolt and nut;

The displacement sensor 12 is a pull wire type displacement sensor, the sensor body is installed on the linear actuator body, the pull wire end is fixedly installed on the collet, and the pull wire is parallel to the axis of the actuator;

The shaft loading flange 13 is a rigid disc, which is fixedly installed on the shaft head at the front end of the reducer, and its end surface is arranged with threaded mounting holes and slots along the radial and circumferential directions, and is fixedly connected to the other end of the shaft component;

The drive motor 14 is a stepping motor with an encoder, installed on the upper end surface of the loading mechanism, and drives the rear shaft of the reducer to rotate through the belt;

The controller 15 is an industrial control cabinet placed next to the fixed base for controlling the linear actuator and the drive motor, and synchronously collecting strain, force/torque, displacement/angle signals, and drawing a calibration curve.

Clamp the measured component with the strain gauge pasted between the restraint mechanism and the loading mechanism, adjust the position of the loading mechanism along the guide rail of the fixed base according to the length of the measured component, and transfer the signal data of the force sensor, torque sensor, displacement sensor, and strain gauge The cable is connected to the controller, and the load is applied to the measured part through the controller, and the strain, force (moment), displacement (rotation angle) signal of the measured part is collected and calibrated synchronously, and the strain-force-displacement or shaft of the rod part is obtained The strain-moment-angle calibration relationship of the component.

The working process of the present invention is as follows:

Before the test, paste the strain gauge on the surface of the tested piece. For the tested piece is a rod-like component, the strain signal needs to be calibrated as the tensile pressure along the axial direction of the rod, and the tested piece is fixed on the straight line of the loading mechanism through the clamp. The actuator chuck and the rod constraint chuck of the restraint mechanism; if the test piece is a shaft component, the strain signal needs to be calibrated as the moment along the axial direction of the component, and the test piece is fixed and installed on the loading mechanism through the tooling On the flange of the reducer and the shaft constraining flange of the constraining mechanism. Connect the strain gauge signal line of the test piece, the signal line of the force (moment) sensor of the restraint mechanism, and the signal line of the displacement/angle sensor of the loading mechanism to the controller, and the linear actuator or drive of the loading mechanism is controlled by the controller. The motor applies and unloads the load, and simultaneously collects and records the strain-force-displacement signal data or strain-torque-angle signal data during the loading/unloading process, and draws a calibration curve to convert the component strain signal into a component load signal.

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The above embodiments should be understood as only for illustrating the present invention but not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention. After reading the contents of the present invention, skilled persons can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of parts strain and load calibration test device, described tested parts pasted strain gauge, it is characterized in that, comprise the fixed base (1) that is used to support whole test device, be arranged on fixed base ( 1) A constraint mechanism (2) at one end, a loading mechanism (3) and a controller (15) slidably arranged on a fixed base (1), the constraint mechanism (2) is used for One end is fixed and constrained, the loading mechanism (3) is used to fix and load the other end of the component under test, and the controller (15) is used to control the work of the loading mechanism (3) and synchronize the components under test Collect strain, force/torque, displacement/angle signals, and draw calibration curves. 2. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 1, wherein the component to be tested includes a rod and a shaft. 3. parts strain and load calibration test device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, force sensor (6), torque sensor (7), bar restraint collet ( 4) and the shaft loading flange (13), wherein the force sensor (6) is installed between the constraint mechanism (2) and the rod constraint chuck (4), and the torque sensor (7) is installed between the constraint mechanism (2) and Between the shaft loading flanges (13), the shaft loading flange (13) is arranged above the restraint mechanism (2), and the rod restraint chuck (4) is arranged below it. 4. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the loading mechanism (3) is provided with a coupling connection with the shaft loading flange (13) toward the top of the restraint mechanism A shaft constraining flange (5), the shaft constraining flange (5) is axially connected with a reducer (10) that applies a torsional load to the shaft components. 5. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the loading mechanism (3) is provided with a clamping chuck (4) which is connected to the restraint mechanism on the loading mechanism (3) The rod loading chuck (11), the rod loading chuck (11) is fixed on the loading mechanism (3) through the linear actuator (9). 6. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, the rod loading chuck (11) is a U-shaped fixture, and one end is fixed to a linear actuator (9) by a thread The other end is connected with the other end of the rod by bolts and nuts. 7. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 6, characterized in that a displacement sensor (12) is arranged between the rod loading chuck (11) and the linear actuator (9), The displacement sensor (12) is a pull-wire displacement sensor. The pull-wire displacement sensor includes a body and a wire end. The body is installed on the body of the linear actuator (9), and the wire end is fixedly installed on the rod loading chuck (11). , the pull wire is parallel to the axis of the linear actuator (9). 8. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the bottom of the loading mechanism (3) is provided with a rack-and-pinion mechanism (8), and the rack-and-pinion mechanism (8) Arranged axially along the fixed base (1), the gear is installed on the lower end surface of the loading mechanism, and the rack is installed on the upper end surface of the fixed base, and the two cooperate to drive the loading mechanism to move axially along the base. 9. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 4, characterized in that, the loading mechanism (3) is provided with a drive motor (14) on the side facing away from the constraint structure, and the drive motor (14) ) and the reducer (10) are coaxially communicated, and the driving motor (14) is a stepper motor with an encoder, and the rear axle of the reducer (10) is driven by a belt to rotate. 10. The component strain and load calibration test device according to claim 7, characterized in that, the controller (15) is connected with force sensor (6), torque sensor (7), displacement sensor (12) and strain sensor respectively. It is connected with the chip signal data line, used to collect the strain, force/moment, displacement/angle signal of the tested parts, and draw the calibration curve.