CN106497655A - 核‑壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种核‑壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，包括、油脚、废机油、碱性无机物、助剂。并公开了其制备方法。本发明的有益效果为：的天然矿物和工业的废物为基本原料,研制出一种新型亲油固体微粒乳液型混凝土脱模剂,其生产工艺路线简单,所需设备投资少,产品性能优于国内同类产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混凝土脱模剂，具体是一种核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂。
背景技术
混凝土预制构件或预制品,如砌块、板、梁、墩、坝、桥等,在其浇灌过程中,必须使用模板或模具。为了使硬化后的混凝土易于脱模而不损坏模板,在模板或模具上常涂刷一层脱模剂。长期以来,国内常采用机油、废机油、乳化机油等或动植物油脚、劣质油经皂化而成的所谓液体皂剂作为脱模剂。脱模剂的种类主要有以下几种：
1、纯油类。包括各种植物油、动物油和矿物油均可配置脱模剂。但目前大多采用矿物油。即石油工业生产的各种轻质润滑油，如机械油等。为了降低成本，不少单位使用工业的废机油，不过废机油中杂质较多，更容易污染混凝土表面。某些废机油中还可能含有硫酸、聚氯联苯等有害于混凝土和模版的物质。
2、乳化油类。乳化油大多数用石油润滑油、乳化剂、稳定剂配制而成，有时还加入防锈添加剂。用乳化剂代替纯石油润滑油，不但可以节约大量油料，而且可以提高脱模剂质量，降低脱模成本。这类脱模剂可分为油包水（W/O）型和水包油（O/W）型。一般用于钢膜，也可用于木模上。涂刷后容易干燥，有的干燥后结成薄膜可以反复应用多次，既省工、又省料，大大降低脱模成本。
3、石蜡类。石蜡具有很好的脱模性能，将其加热熔化后，掺入适量溶剂搅匀即可使用。石蜡脱模剂可用于钢、木模板和混凝土台座上，石蜡含量较高时往往在混凝土表面留下石蜡残留物，有碍于混凝土表面的粘结，因而其应用范围受到一定限制。
4、脂肪酸类。这类脱模剂一般含有溶剂、例如汽油、煤油、苯、松节油等。该脱模剂具有良好的脱模和防锈性能，不污染混凝土表面，耐雨水冲刷，每涂一次可使用三次。脂肪酸类脱模剂大多同混凝土的碱（游离石灰）起化学反应。
5、油漆类。这类脱模剂价格较高，但可以反复使用多次，经济上还是适宜的。如醇酸清漆脱模剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，包括、油脚、废机油、碱性无机物、助剂。
进一步地，所述矿物粉末的粒度为200-300目。
进一步地，所述油脚为食用植物油脚,其中中性油含量为30%-50%,脂肪酸总量为10-20% ,皂化值120-150。
进一步地，所述助剂为二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、环己烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯中的一种。
进一步地，所述碱性无机物为固体或液体烧碱或固体碳酸钠。
进一步地，所述废机油用动植物油、石蜡或凡士林代替。
进一步地，所述的核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂的制备方法，固体矿物和用有机溶剂溶解出带有亲油基的有机物置于反应釜内,在常温下搅拌约30分钟,使固体与有机物充分接触,即得含亲油基的固体微粒；将油脚、碱性无机物和助剂置于反应釜内,在常压60-80℃的条件下反应半个小时左右,制备乳化剂，将乳化体系降温至53-57℃ ,在搅拌条件下,缓慢将固体粉末与矿物油的混合物加与乳化剂混合,保温两小时。
本发明的有益效果为：的天然矿物和工业的废物为基本原料,研制出一种新型亲油固体微粒乳液型混凝土脱模剂,其生产工艺路线简单,所需设备投资少,产品性能优于国内同类产品。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解释说明。
实施例1
核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，包括、油脚、废机油、碱性无机物、助剂。所述矿物粉末的粒度为200-300目。所述油脚为食用植物油脚,其中中性油含量为30%-50%,脂肪酸总量为10-20% ,皂化值120-150。所述助剂为二氯乙烷。所述碱性无机物为固体烧碱。其制备方法为：固体矿物和用有机溶剂溶解出带有亲油基的有机物置于反应釜内,在常温下搅拌约30分钟,使固体与有机物充分接触,即得含亲油基的固体微粒；将油脚、碱性无机物和助剂置于反应釜内,在常压60-80℃的条件下反应半个小时左右,制备乳化剂，将乳化体系降温至53-57℃ ,在搅拌条件下,缓慢将固体粉末与矿物油的混合物加与乳化剂混合,保温两小时。
实施例2
核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，包括、油脚、石蜡、碱性无机物、助剂。所述矿物粉末的粒度为200-300目。所述油脚为食用植物油脚,其中中性油含量为30%-50%,脂肪酸总量为10-20%,皂化值120-150。所述助剂为环己烷。所述碱性无机物固体碳酸钠。其制备方法为，固体矿物和用有机溶剂溶解出带有亲油基的有机物置于反应釜内,在常温下搅拌约30分钟,使固体与有机物充分接触,即得含亲油基的固体微粒；将油脚、碱性无机物和助剂置于反应釜内,在常压60-80℃的条件下反应半个小时左右,制备乳化剂，将乳化体系降温至53-57℃ ,在搅拌条件下,缓慢将固体粉末与矿物油的混合物加与乳化剂混合,保温两小时。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，其特征在于，包括、油脚、废机油、碱性无机物、助剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，其特征在于，所述矿物粉末的粒度为200-300目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，其特征在于，所述油脚为食用植物油脚,其中中性油含量为30%-50%,脂肪酸总量为10-20% ,皂化值120-150。
4.根据权利要求1所述的核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，其特征在于，所述助剂为二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、环己烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，其特征在于，所述碱性无机物为固体或液体烧碱或固体碳酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂，其特征在于，所述废机油用动植物油、石蜡或凡士林代替。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的核-壳型乳液混凝土脱模剂的制备方法，其特征在于，固体矿物和用有机溶剂溶解出带有亲油基的有机物置于反应釜内,在常温下搅拌约30分钟,使固体与有机物充分接触,即得含亲油基的固体微粒；将油脚、碱性无机物和助剂置于反应釜内,在常压60-80℃的条件下反应半个小时左右,制备乳化剂，将乳化体系降温至53-57℃ ,在搅拌条件下,缓慢将固体粉末与矿物油的混合物加与乳化剂混合,保温两小时。
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