CN106483045A - For testing the experimental rig of Inter-zonal packing performance and method after cement sheath perforation - Google Patents
For testing the experimental rig of Inter-zonal packing performance and method after cement sheath perforation Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的试验装置及方法。该装置主要由模拟套管、模拟围岩、釜体、加热套、内压泵、热电偶、流量计和计算机组成。该方法如下：水泥浆在模拟套管和模拟围岩之间的环空内固化后，向套管内通入油、气或水，通过内压泵向套管内施加压力，若水泥环在套管内压作用下受损，则油、气或水将沿着模拟套管与水泥环的界面、水泥环本体、水泥环与模拟围岩的界面上窜至水泥环端面，通过安装在端面的流量计测定流量的大小，判定水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能。本发明原理可靠，操作简便，可在模拟不同井身结构的情况下测定水泥环射孔后对油、气、水的封隔性能，为油田后期安全生产提供技术支撑。
The invention discloses a test device and a method for testing the interlayer sealing performance of a cement sheath after perforation. The device is mainly composed of simulated casing, simulated surrounding rock, kettle body, heating jacket, internal pressure pump, thermocouple, flow meter and computer. The method is as follows: After the cement slurry is solidified in the annular space between the simulated casing and the simulated surrounding rock, oil, gas or water is introduced into the casing, and pressure is applied to the casing through the internal pressure pump. If it is damaged under pressure, the oil, gas or water will flow to the end face of the cement sheath along the interface between the simulated casing and the cement sheath, the cement sheath body, the interface between the cement sheath and the simulated surrounding rock, and pass through the flowmeter installed on the end face. Measure the magnitude of the flow rate and determine the interlayer sealing performance of the cement sheath after perforation. The invention is reliable in principle and easy to operate, can measure the oil, gas and water sealing performance of the cement sheath after perforation under the condition of simulating different well body structures, and provides technical support for the safe production of the oil field in the later stage.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及油气田勘探开发过程中用于测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的试验装置及方法。The invention relates to a test device and a method for testing the interlayer isolation performance of a cement sheath after perforation in the process of oil and gas field exploration and development.
背景技术Background technique
固井作业后，充填在套管与井壁围岩环空内的水泥浆固化所形成的水泥环，具有支撑、保护套管，封隔油、气、水层，防止层间互窜的作用。油气资源开采过程中，射孔完井作为目前国内外最为广泛的完井方式，为油气井增产起到了至关重要的作用。水泥环属于脆性材料，射孔作业过程中对水泥环必然有一定的损伤，若影响较大，则对水泥环的层间封隔性能带来严峻考验，进而影响整个油气井的安全生产和寿命。After the cementing operation, the cement sheath formed by the solidification of the cement slurry filled in the casing and the surrounding rock annulus on the well wall can support and protect the casing, isolate the oil, gas, and water layers, and prevent the interlayer from crossing. . During the exploitation of oil and gas resources, perforation completion, as the most widely used well completion method at home and abroad, plays a vital role in increasing the production of oil and gas wells. The cement sheath is a brittle material, and the cement sheath must be damaged to a certain extent during the perforation operation. If the impact is greater, it will bring a severe test to the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath, which will affect the safe production and life of the entire oil and gas well. .
在射孔完井不断推广的同时，射孔后井筒完整性越来越受到重视，而现有研究主要集中于射孔后套管损害及强度影响，对射孔后固井水泥环的破坏研究涉及较少，且现有研究中主要着重理论模型的分析及有限元模拟。国内对水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能研究起步较晚，现阶段仅意识到了水泥环层间封隔的重要性，尚没有能真实模拟井下情况的具体测试装置及测试方法。While the perforation completion is being popularized, more and more attention has been paid to the integrity of the wellbore after perforation. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the damage and strength of the casing after perforation, and the damage to the cement sheath after perforation. It is less involved, and the existing research mainly focuses on the analysis of theoretical models and finite element simulation. Domestic research on the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation started relatively late. At present, only the importance of the cement sheath interlayer isolation has been realized, and there is no specific testing device and method that can truly simulate the downhole situation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供用于测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的试验装置，该装置原理可靠，操作简便，可在模拟不同井身结构的情况下测定水泥环射孔后对油、气、水的封隔性能，通过对比流量变化来判定射孔对水泥环的损伤程度，弥补了无法通过实验手段检测水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的不足。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device for testing the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation. The sealing performance of gas and water can be determined by comparing the flow rate changes to determine the damage degree of perforation to the cement sheath, which makes up for the inability to test the interlayer sealing performance of the cement sheath after perforation by experimental means.
本发明的另一目的还在于提供利用上述装置测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的方法，该方法通过向套管内加压，流体沿射孔通道进入水泥环本体并窜至端面，观察与水泥环端面连接的流量计读数，判定水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能，为油田后期安全生产提供技术支撑。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing the interlayer sealing performance of the cement sheath after perforating by using the above-mentioned device. In this method, by pressurizing the casing, the fluid enters the cement sheath body along the perforation channel and escapes to the end surface, and observes The readings of the flowmeter connected to the end face of the cement sheath can determine the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation, and provide technical support for the safe production of the oilfield in the later stage.
为达到以上技术目的，本发明提供以下技术方案。In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
用于测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的试验装置，主要由模拟套管、模拟围岩、釜体、加热套、内压泵、热电偶、流量计和计算机组成，所述釜体外部有加热套，内部有模拟围岩和模拟套管，在模拟套管和模拟围岩形成的环空内有水泥浆固化形成的水泥环，模拟套管上有若干个模拟射孔通道，所述釜体有上釜盖和下釜盖，上釜盖和下釜盖与釜体之间均有橡胶垫片和密封圈，并通过螺纹连接，上釜盖有两个孔，一个孔与模拟套管连通并插有热电偶，另一个孔与水泥环端面连通并连接流量计，下釜盖有一个孔连通模拟套管并通过泵压阀门连接内压泵，所述热电偶、流量计、加热套和内压泵均连接计算机。The test device for testing the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation is mainly composed of a simulated casing, simulated surrounding rock, a kettle body, a heating jacket, an internal pressure pump, a thermocouple, a flow meter and a computer. There is a heating jacket on the outside, and simulated surrounding rock and simulated casing inside. In the annular space formed by the simulated casing and simulated surrounding rock, there is a cement sheath formed by solidification of cement slurry. There are several simulated perforation channels on the simulated casing. The kettle body has an upper kettle cover and a lower kettle cover. There are rubber gaskets and sealing rings between the upper kettle cover, the lower kettle cover and the kettle body, and they are connected by threads. The upper kettle cover has two holes, one hole is connected with the simulated casing connected and inserted with a thermocouple, the other hole communicates with the end face of the cement sheath and connects the flowmeter, and the lower kettle cover has a hole connected with the simulated casing and connected to the internal pressure pump through the pump pressure valve. The thermocouple, flowmeter, heating jacket and Internal pressure pumps are all connected to the computer.
所述模拟围岩置于釜体内，且紧贴釜体内壁，通过调节模拟围岩内径大小和圆心位置，以模拟不同井眼和水泥环偏心。通过向套管内加压，流体沿模拟射孔通道进入水泥环本体并窜至端面，观察与水泥环端面连接的流量计读数，以判定水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能。The simulated surrounding rock is placed in the kettle body and is close to the inner wall of the kettle. By adjusting the inner diameter of the simulated surrounding rock and the position of the center of the circle, different boreholes and cement sheath eccentricity can be simulated. By pressurizing the casing, the fluid enters the cement sheath body along the simulated perforation channel and runs to the end face. Observe the readings of the flowmeter connected to the end face of the cement sheath to determine the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation.
所述上釜盖、下釜盖和釜体通过螺纹进行组装连接，每个部分均可拆卸。The upper kettle cover, the lower kettle cover and the kettle body are assembled and connected by threads, and each part can be disassembled.
利用上述装置测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的方法，过程如下：水泥浆在模拟套管和模拟围岩之间的环空内固化后，根据实际地质工况，向套管内通入油、气或水，通过内压泵向套管内施加压力，使里面的油、气或水沿着模拟射孔通道进入到水泥环本体，若水泥环在套管内压作用下受损，则油、气或水将沿着模拟套管与水泥环的界面、水泥环本体、水泥环与模拟围岩的界面上窜至水泥环端面，通过安装在端面的流量计测定流量的大小，判定水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能。The method of using the above-mentioned device to test the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation is as follows: After the cement slurry is solidified in the annular space between the simulated casing and the simulated surrounding rock, according to the actual geological conditions, it is passed into the casing. Oil, gas or water, apply pressure to the casing through the internal pressure pump, so that the oil, gas or water inside enters the cement sheath body along the simulated perforation channel. If the cement sheath is damaged under the internal pressure of the casing, the oil , gas or water will flow to the end face of the cement sheath along the interface between the simulated casing and the cement sheath, the cement sheath body, and the interface between the cement sheath and the simulated surrounding rock. Interlayer isolation performance after perforation.
水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能测试实验依次包括以下步骤：The interlayer isolation performance test experiment after cement sheath perforation includes the following steps in sequence:
(1)根据现场油井的工况，设计实验温度，釜体、模拟围岩预热；(1) According to the working conditions of the oil well on site, design the experimental temperature, preheat the kettle body and the simulated surrounding rock;
(2)将装有模拟射孔通道的模拟套管安装到釜体下端盖；(2) Install the simulated casing equipped with the simulated perforation channel to the lower end cover of the kettle body;
(3)按照规范《油井水泥试验方法》(GB/T19139-2003)配制水泥浆，将水泥浆灌至套管与模拟围岩所形成的环空；(3) Prepare cement slurry according to the standard "Oil Well Cement Test Method" (GB/T19139-2003), and pour the cement slurry into the annular space formed by the casing and the simulated surrounding rock;
(4)待水泥浆凝结呈塑固态时取出模拟射孔通道，安装上釜盖；(4) Take out the simulated perforation channel when the cement slurry is condensed into a plastic solid state, and install the kettle cover;
(5)根据现场工况养护水泥环至施工龄期；(5) Maintain the cement sheath to the construction age according to the site conditions;
(6)根据井下地质情况，向套管内通入油(气、水)，利用内压泵调节套管内压，观察流量计是否有读数；(6) According to the underground geological conditions, feed oil (gas, water) into the casing, use the internal pressure pump to adjust the internal pressure of the casing, and observe whether the flowmeter has a reading;
(7)若无读数则证明水泥环射孔后仍保持良好的层间封隔性能，反之则表明水泥环受损。(7) If there is no reading, it proves that the cement sheath still maintains good interlayer isolation performance after perforation, otherwise, it indicates that the cement sheath is damaged.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明原理可靠，操作简单，成本低廉，功能齐全；(1) The present invention has reliable principle, simple operation, low cost and complete functions;
(2)可以在模拟不同井身结构情况下测定水泥环射孔后对油、气或水的封隔性能；(2) The sealing performance of cement sheath to oil, gas or water after perforation can be measured under the condition of simulating different wellbore structures;
(3)通过对比流量变化来判定射孔对水泥环的损伤程度；(3) Determine the degree of damage to the cement sheath by perforation by comparing flow changes;
(4)弥补了无法通过实验手段检测水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的不足。(4) Make up for the inability to test the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation by experimental means.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是用于测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的试验装置结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test device used to test the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation.
图中：1模拟套管，2水泥环，3模拟射孔通道，4模拟围岩，5釜体，6加热套，7下釜盖，8橡胶垫片，9密封圈，10泵压阀门，11内压泵，12上釜盖，13螺纹，14热电偶，15流量计，16计算机。In the figure: 1 simulated casing, 2 cement sheath, 3 simulated perforation channel, 4 simulated surrounding rock, 5 kettle body, 6 heating mantle, 7 lower kettle cover, 8 rubber gasket, 9 sealing ring, 10 pump pressure valve, 11 Internal pressure pump, 12 upper kettle cover, 13 thread, 14 thermocouple, 15 flow meter, 16 computer.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1。See Figure 1.
用于测试水泥环射孔后层间封隔性能的试验装置，主要由模拟套管1、模拟围岩4、釜体5、加热套6、内压泵11、热电偶14、流量计15和计算机16组成，所述釜体5外部有加热套6，内部有模拟围岩4和模拟套管1，在模拟套管和模拟围岩形成的环空内有水泥浆固化形成的水泥环2，模拟套管上有若干个模拟射孔通道3，所述釜体有上釜盖12和下釜盖7，上釜盖和下釜盖与釜体之间均有橡胶垫片8和密封圈9，并通过螺纹13连接，上釜盖12有两个孔，一个孔与模拟套管1连通并插有热电偶14，另一个孔与水泥环2端面连通并连接流量计15，下釜盖7有一个孔连通模拟套管1并通过泵压阀门10连接内压泵11，所述热电偶14、流量计15、加热套6和内压泵11均连接计算机16。The test device for testing the interlayer isolation performance of the cement sheath after perforation mainly consists of simulated casing 1, simulated surrounding rock 4, kettle body 5, heating jacket 6, internal pressure pump 11, thermocouple 14, flow meter 15 and Composed of computer 16, the kettle body 5 has a heating jacket 6 outside, a simulated surrounding rock 4 and a simulated casing 1 inside, and a cement sheath 2 formed by cement slurry solidification in the annular space formed by the simulated casing and simulated surrounding rock, There are several simulated perforation passages 3 on the simulated casing, the kettle body has an upper kettle cover 12 and a lower kettle cover 7, rubber gaskets 8 and sealing rings 9 are arranged between the upper kettle cover, the lower kettle cover and the kettle body, and Connected by thread 13, the upper kettle cover 12 has two holes, one hole communicates with the simulation casing 1 and inserts a thermocouple 14, the other hole communicates with the end face of the cement ring 2 and connects the flow meter 15, and the lower kettle cover 7 has a hole The simulation sleeve 1 is communicated with the internal pressure pump 11 through the pumping valve 10 , and the thermocouple 14 , the flow meter 15 , the heating jacket 6 and the internal pressure pump 11 are all connected to the computer 16 .
水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能测试实验，依次包括以下步骤：The interlayer isolation performance test experiment after cement sheath perforation includes the following steps in sequence:
(1)组装试验装置，设置相应实验温度，仪器预热；(1) Assemble the test device, set the corresponding test temperature, and preheat the instrument;
(2)将带有模拟射孔通道3的模拟套管1安装在下釜盖7；(2) The simulated casing 1 with the simulated perforation channel 3 is installed on the lower kettle cover 7;
(3)将配制好的水泥浆倒入模拟套管1与模拟围岩4形成的环空；(3) Pour the prepared cement slurry into the annular space formed by the simulated casing 1 and the simulated surrounding rock 4;
(4)待水泥浆固化后取出模拟射孔通道3，以形成射孔通道，连接上釜盖12，通过丝扣旋紧密封；(4) Take out the simulated perforation channel 3 after the cement slurry solidifies to form the perforation channel, connect the kettle cover 12, and tighten the seal by screwing;
(5)养护水泥环至施工要求时间；(5) Maintain the cement sheath until the time required for construction;
(6)根据现场作业工况及地质情况，向套管内通入油、气或水，通过计算机16设置对应的实验压力，打开阀门，观察流量计15读数变化情况；(6) According to the on-site working conditions and geological conditions, feed oil, gas or water into the casing, set the corresponding experimental pressure through the computer 16, open the valve, and observe the changes in the readings of the flowmeter 15;
(7)水泥环射孔后的层间封隔性能判定：观察流量计读数，若无读数则表明水泥环射孔后仍保持良好的层间封隔性能，射孔对水泥环影响不大，若流量计读数明显，则证明水泥环受损，无法有效起到层间封隔的作用，且读数越大表明水泥环受损越严重。(7) Judgment of the interlayer isolation performance after cement sheath perforation: observe the readings of the flowmeter, if there is no reading, it indicates that the cement sheath still maintains good interlayer isolation performance after perforation, and perforation has little effect on the cement sheath. If the reading of the flowmeter is obvious, it proves that the cement sheath is damaged and cannot effectively play the role of interlayer isolation, and the larger the reading, the more serious the cement sheath is damaged.
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| CN107167396A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-15 | 西南石油大学 | Evaluating apparatus and method that working solution temperature shock influences on pit shaft mechanical integrity |
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| CN111307690A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-19 | 西南石油大学 | Packing performance testing device and method for annular cement ring of oil-gas well cylinder |
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| CN115263277A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-01 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for evaluating hydrostatic column pressure and pressure transmission capacity in well cementation cement slurry hardening |
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Cited By (14)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107167396A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-15 | 西南石油大学 | Evaluating apparatus and method that working solution temperature shock influences on pit shaft mechanical integrity |
| CN108104796A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-01 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Has channeling simulating test device and test method |
| CN108982225A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-11 | 常州大学 | Perforated casing-cement sheath strains simulation test device under a kind of lateral non-Uniform Loads |
| CN108982225B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2023-09-29 | 常州大学 | Perforation sleeve-cement sheath strain simulation test device under action of lateral non-uniform load |
| CN111307690B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2022-05-06 | 西南石油大学 | A sealing performance testing device and method for annulus cement ring of oil and gas wellbore |
| CN111307690A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-19 | 西南石油大学 | Packing performance testing device and method for annular cement ring of oil-gas well cylinder |
| CN113775321A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-12-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Determination device for shear viscosity loss of polymer solution or chemical flooding system thereof and application |
| CN114060006A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of testing device for cement sheath strength and sealing performance after perforation and using method thereof |
| US20230168164A1 (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-06-01 | Southwest Petroleum University | Device for testing strength and sealing performance of cement sheath after perforation and using method thereof |
| CN114060006B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-11-03 | 西南石油大学 | Device for testing strength and sealing performance of cement sheath after perforation and application method thereof |
| US11828733B2 (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-11-28 | Southwest Petroleum University | Device for testing strength and sealing performance of cement sheath after perforation and using method thereof |
| CN115263277A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-01 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for evaluating hydrostatic column pressure and pressure transmission capacity in well cementation cement slurry hardening |
| CN115522920A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2022-12-27 | 西南石油大学 | A test device for measuring gas-water double-layer perforation production of tight sandstone gas reservoirs |
| CN115522920B (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-02-10 | 西南石油大学 | A test device for measuring gas-water double-layer perforation production of tight sandstone gas reservoirs |
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