CN106472704A - Bean milk fermenting and producing probiotic bacteria functional drinkss and food and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bean milk fermenting and producing probiotic bacteria functional drinkss and food and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106472704A CN106472704A CN201610855184.9A CN201610855184A CN106472704A CN 106472704 A CN106472704 A CN 106472704A CN 201610855184 A CN201610855184 A CN 201610855184A CN 106472704 A CN106472704 A CN 106472704A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
- A23C11/02—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins
- A23C11/10—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins
- A23C11/103—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins containing only proteins from pulses, oilseeds or nuts, e.g. nut milk
- A23C11/106—Addition of, or treatment with, microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/382—Other non-alcoholic beverages fermented
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于益生菌发酵饮料和食品技术领域,具体涉及利用多种益生菌、尤其利用青春双歧杆菌与植物乳杆菌的组合,以豆浆为基质混菌发酵生产高品质的益生菌功能性饮料或食品。本发明益生菌饮料和食品制备方法简单,不添加食品添加剂,利用植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌混菌发酵的协同作用,发酵产品益生菌活菌含量高,品质、口感较好且稳定,风味独特,在不添加任何化学添加剂的情况下保质期可以达到180天。The invention belongs to the technical field of probiotic fermented beverages and food, and in particular relates to the production of high-quality probiotic functional beverages or probiotics by using a combination of various probiotics, especially the combination of Bifidobacterium adolescent and Lactobacillus plantarum, using soybean milk as a substrate for mixed bacterial fermentation. food. The preparation method of the probiotic beverage and food of the present invention is simple, does not add food additives, utilizes the synergistic effect of the mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, the fermented product has a high content of viable probiotic bacteria, good quality and stable taste, and a strong flavor. Unique, the shelf life can reach 180 days without adding any chemical additives.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于益生菌发酵饮料和食品技术领域,具体涉及利用多种益生菌以豆浆为基质混菌发酵生产益生菌功能性饮料和食品。The invention belongs to the technical field of probiotic fermented beverages and food, and in particular relates to the production of probiotic functional beverages and food by mixed fermentation of various probiotics with soybean milk as a substrate.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会进步以及人民生活水平的提高,人们对营养的需求已超出单纯满足生存或者防止缺乏病的范畴,而且也作为防治疾病的重要手段。合理的膳食结构,是人类提高生存质量、延长生存年限、保持健康状态的有效方法。豆类食物属于五谷与水相融的食物,是四季皆宜的,既安全又营养。其中大豆中含有35%~40%的高质量的蛋白质,是植物性食物中含蛋白质最多的食品,完全可以用来替代动物性蛋白食用。大豆中含有8种人体必需氨基酸,而普通的谷物中普遍缺乏赖氨酸,食用大豆,可以与谷类蛋白互补,使人体摄入的氨基酸更加全面。大豆中含有20%脂肪、27%碳水化合物、丰富的矿物质和维生素,特别是钙、铁、维生素B1、维生素B2含量较高。此外,大豆中不含胆固醇,只有豆固醇,大豆异黄酮类的物质含量也非常高,因此,大豆具有降低人体血清胆固醇,防止乳糖不耐症、动脉硬化和脑溢血的功能。With the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for nutrition has exceeded the scope of simply satisfying survival or preventing deficiency diseases, and it is also an important means of preventing and curing diseases. A reasonable dietary structure is an effective way for human beings to improve the quality of life, prolong the life span, and maintain a healthy state. Bean food belongs to the food that blends five grains and water, is suitable for all seasons, and is safe and nutritious. Among them, soybean contains 35% to 40% high-quality protein, which is the food with the most protein in plant food, and can be used to replace animal protein. Soybeans contain 8 kinds of essential amino acids for the human body, while common grains generally lack lysine. Eating soybeans can complement cereal protein, making the human body intake of amino acids more comprehensive. Soybeans contain 20% fat, 27% carbohydrates, rich in minerals and vitamins, especially high in calcium, iron, vitamin B 1 and vitamin B 2 . In addition, soybeans do not contain cholesterol, only stigmasterol, and the content of soybean isoflavones is also very high. Therefore, soybeans can reduce human serum cholesterol and prevent lactose intolerance, arteriosclerosis and cerebral hemorrhage.
益生菌是一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,定植于宿主肠道、生殖系统内,能产生确切健康功效从而改善宿主微生态平衡、发挥有益作用的活性有益微生物的总称。益生菌可以通过刺激肠道内的免疫机能,将过低或过高的免疫活性调节至正常状态。益生菌这种免疫调节的作用也被认为有助于抗癌与抑制过敏性疾病。对于促进肠道消化系统健康也有一定的效果,益生菌可以抑制有害菌在肠内的繁殖,减少毒素,促进肠道蠕动,从而提高肠道机能,改善排便状况。用益生菌对豆浆进行发酵不仅仅能保留大豆原有的营养物质,发酵后能产生很多更易人体吸收的小分子物质,而且在发酵过程中还能产生特殊的香味,可以掩盖豆制品原有的特殊腥味。另外豆浆经益生菌发酵后能有效的提高大豆异黄酮的含量,对于延缓女性衰老、改善更年期症状、骨质疏松、血脂升高、心脏病、疏松症、心血管疾病等,并且大豆异黄酮显著的降低了乳腺癌的发病率,研究还指出在平时多食用富含大豆异黄酮的食物有助于抑制前列腺癌细胞的生长,研究显示,多吃低脂肪,富含大豆蛋白食品的人群患前列腺癌的概率会更低。Probiotics are a class of active microorganisms that are beneficial to the host. They colonize the host's intestinal tract and reproductive system and can produce definite health effects, thereby improving the host's micro-ecological balance and exerting beneficial effects. The general term for active beneficial microorganisms. Probiotics can regulate the low or high immune activity to a normal state by stimulating the immune function in the intestine. This immunomodulatory effect of probiotics is also thought to help fight cancer and curb allergic diseases. It also has a certain effect on promoting the health of the intestinal digestive system. Probiotics can inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria in the intestine, reduce toxins, and promote intestinal peristalsis, thereby improving intestinal function and defecation. Fermenting soybean milk with probiotics can not only retain the original nutrients of soybeans, but also produce many small molecular substances that are easier for the human body to absorb after fermentation, and can also produce a special fragrance during the fermentation process, which can cover up the original soybean products Special fishy smell. In addition, soy milk fermented by probiotics can effectively increase the content of soybean isoflavones, which can effectively delay female aging, improve menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, elevated blood lipids, heart disease, porosis, cardiovascular diseases, etc., and soybean isoflavones are significantly Reduced the incidence of breast cancer. Research also pointed out that eating more foods rich in soy isoflavones can help inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells. Studies have shown that people who eat more low-fat, soy protein-rich foods suffer from prostate cancer. The chance of cancer will be lower.
酸奶自从上市以来由于对肥胖、改善肠道功能、降低胆固醇以及预防心血管疾病都有一定的效果,深受广大消费者的喜爱,供不应求。当今发展中,国家人口的不断增加和蛋白质供给的相对匮乏,是造成了人口营养不良的首要原因。在动物性蛋白质严重不足,价格相对昂贵的情况下,要满足蛋白质的市场需求,迫使研究者的目光投向到植物蛋白的开发上来。由于豆浆经益生菌发酵后只含低量的饱和脂肪酸、而不含胆固醇和乳糖,使其具备营养与健康的双标签,并且大豆来源广泛、价格低廉,豆浆及其相关产品逐渐成为研究者关注的焦点。为了改善牛奶供应不足的情况,本发明提供了一种对豆浆进行发酵的技术。Since yogurt was launched on the market, because it has certain effects on obesity, improving intestinal function, lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases, it has been deeply loved by consumers and the supply exceeds demand. In today's development, the continuous increase of the country's population and the relative lack of protein supply are the primary reasons for the malnutrition of the population. In the case of serious shortage of animal protein and relatively expensive price, to meet the market demand for protein, researchers are forced to turn their attention to the development of plant protein. Because soy milk is fermented by probiotics, it contains only a low amount of saturated fatty acids, but does not contain cholesterol and lactose, so it has double labels of nutrition and health, and soybeans have a wide range of sources and low prices. Soy milk and its related products have gradually become the focus of researchers. hot spot. In order to improve the situation of insufficient milk supply, the invention provides a technology for fermenting soybean milk.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明目的是利用多种益生菌、尤其利用青春双歧杆菌与植物乳杆菌的组合,以豆浆为基质混菌发酵生产高品质的益生菌功能性饮料或食品。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to use a variety of probiotics, especially the combination of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus plantarum, to produce high-quality probiotic functional beverages or food with soymilk as the substrate.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案如下:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
本发明提供一种豆浆发酵活菌型益生菌饮料,所述的活菌型益生菌饮料是以豆浆作为发酵基质,采用植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌经混菌搅拌发酵后,进行无菌灌装获得的液态发酵产品,不添加食品添加剂。The present invention provides a soymilk-fermented live bacteria-type probiotic beverage. The live-bacteria-type probiotic beverage uses soymilk as a fermentation substrate, adopts Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis to stir and ferment mixed bacteria, and performs aseptic irrigation The obtained liquid fermented product is packaged without adding food additives.
本发明还提供一种豆浆发酵灭菌型益生菌饮料,所述的灭菌型益生菌饮料是以豆浆作为发酵基质,采用植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌经混菌搅拌发酵后,进行灭菌、无菌灌装后获得的液态发酵产品,不添加食品添加剂。The present invention also provides a soymilk fermented and sterilized probiotic beverage. The sterilized probiotic beverage uses soymilk as a fermentation substrate, adopts Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis to stir and ferment mixed bacteria, and then sterilizes , The liquid fermented product obtained after aseptic filling, without adding food additives.
本发明还提供一种豆浆发酵凝固型益生菌食品,所述的凝固型益生菌食品是以豆浆作为发酵基质,在包装容器中无菌灌装,采用植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌直接在包装容器中混菌发酵后获得的凝固型发酵产品,不添加食品添加剂。The present invention also provides a soybean milk fermented solidified probiotic food. The solidified probiotic food uses soybean milk as a fermentation substrate and is aseptically filled in a packaging container. The coagulated fermented product obtained after mixed bacteria fermentation in the container does not add food additives.
所述豆浆可以是黄豆或黑豆至少一种或再混入少量其他豆类,加水打浆过滤而得,也可以是各种市售豆浆。The soymilk can be obtained by mixing at least one kind of soybeans or black soybeans or a small amount of other beans, adding water, beating and filtering, or various commercially available soymilk.
所述植物乳杆菌在混菌发酵后的发酵产品中活菌数不少于1.0×108CFU/mL。The number of live bacteria in the fermented product of the Lactobacillus plantarum after the mixed-bacteria fermentation is not less than 1.0×10 8 CFU/mL.
所述青春双歧杆菌在混菌发酵后的发酵产品中活菌数不少于1.0×108CFU/mL。The number of viable bacteria of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the fermented product after the mixed-bacteria fermentation is not less than 1.0×10 8 CFU/mL.
优选的,所述青春双歧杆菌是由本发明提供的一株青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)TK99,该菌株已于2016年7月14日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101),保藏编号为CGMCC No.12784,分类命名为青春双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium adolescentis)。此株青春双歧杆菌具有良好的耐氧特性,能产生具有促进生物有丝分裂的活性物质,具有抗衰老的作用,并且是治疗腹泻的优选用药。TK99在pH4.5时有较强的生存能力,2h活菌数可达107CFU/mL以上,且能在含0.3%的胆汁盐中存活,2h活菌总数可达106CFU/mL以上。同时TK99对致病性大肠埃希菌、福氏志贺氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑菌作用。Preferably, the Bifidobacterium adolescentis is a strain of Bifidobacterium adolescentis TK99 provided by the present invention, which has been preserved in the General Microorganism Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms on July 14, 2016 (address : No. 3, No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, postal code 100101), the preservation number is CGMCC No.12784, and the classification is named Bifidobacterium adolescentis. The strain of bifidobacterium adolescent has good oxygen tolerance, can produce active substances that can promote biological mitosis, has anti-aging effects, and is a preferred medicine for treating diarrhea. TK99 has a strong viability at pH 4.5, the number of viable bacteria can reach more than 10 7 CFU/mL in 2 hours, and can survive in 0.3% bile salts, and the total number of viable bacteria can reach more than 10 6 CFU/mL in 2 hours . At the same time, TK99 has obvious antibacterial effect on pathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus.
优选的,所述植物乳杆菌为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)TK9(专利申请CN 105661230A),该菌株已于2015年8月17日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.11891。此株植物乳杆菌具有较好的抗胃酸、抗胆盐的能力,在pH 3时2h存活率88.03%,0.3%胆盐4h存活率81.06%,并且具有广泛的抗真菌性,不需要添加额外的防腐剂,也可以延长饮料和食品保藏时间。Preferably, the Lactobacillus plantarum is Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) TK9 (patent application CN 105661230A), and this bacterial strain has been preserved in the General Microorganism Center of the China Microbiological Culture Collection Management Committee on August 17, 2015, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 11891. This strain of Lactobacillus plantarum has a good ability to resist gastric acid and bile salts. At pH 3, the 2h survival rate is 88.03%, and the 0.3% bile salts 4h survival rate is 81.06%. Preservatives can also prolong the preservation time of beverages and food.
进一步地,所述豆浆发酵活菌型益生菌饮料的制备方法如下:Further, the preparation method of the soymilk fermented live bacteria type probiotic beverage is as follows:
(1)菌种活化:植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌甘油管分别按1%(v/w)接种于以豆浆为基质的活化培养基进行活化,pH 6.5-7.0,控制温度为37±1℃;分别活化0~20h后,按10%(v/w)的接种量再次转接活化培养基进行二次活化,再活化16~24h后得二级种子液;(1) Strain activation: Glycerol tubes of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were respectively inoculated at 1% (v/w) in the activation medium based on soybean milk for activation, pH 6.5-7.0, and the control temperature was 37±1 ℃; after activating for 0-20 hours respectively, transfer the activation medium again according to the inoculum amount of 10% (v/w) for secondary activation, and obtain the secondary seed liquid after reactivating for 16-24 hours;
(2)混菌发酵:将植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌分别按接种量为1×106~5×107CFU/mL接种于以豆浆为基质的发酵培养基中,搅拌转速为50~100r/min,第一阶段37℃发酵6~24h,第二阶段30℃发酵0~12h;(2) Mixed bacteria fermentation: Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the fermentation medium based on soybean milk at an inoculation amount of 1×10 6 to 5×10 7 CFU/mL respectively, and the stirring speed is 50~ 100r/min, the first stage of fermentation at 37°C for 6-24 hours, the second stage of fermentation at 30°C for 0-12 hours;
(3)发酵结束后进行无菌灌装后获得的液态发酵产品即为豆浆发酵活菌型益生菌饮料。(3) The liquid fermented product obtained after aseptic filling after the fermentation is finished is the soymilk-fermented living bacteria-type probiotic beverage.
进一步地,所述豆浆发酵灭菌型益生菌饮料的制备方法如下:将所述豆浆发酵活菌型益生菌饮料在混菌发酵结束后进行灭菌,再无菌灌装后获得的液态发酵产品即为豆浆发酵灭菌型益生菌饮料。Further, the preparation method of the soymilk fermented and sterilized probiotic beverage is as follows: the soymilk fermented live bacteria probiotic beverage is sterilized after the mixed bacteria fermentation is completed, and the liquid fermented product obtained after aseptic filling It is soymilk fermented and sterilized probiotic beverage.
优选的,所述灭菌的条件为95℃高温灭菌10min。Preferably, the sterilization condition is high temperature sterilization at 95° C. for 10 minutes.
进一步地,所述豆浆发酵凝固型益生菌食品的制备方法如下:Further, the preparation method of the soybean milk fermented coagulation type probiotic food is as follows:
(1)菌种活化:植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌甘油管分别按1%接种于以豆浆为基质的活化培养基进行活化,pH6.5-7.0,控制温度为37±1℃;分别活化0~20h后,按10%(v/w)的接菌量再次转接活化培养基进行二次活化,再活化16~24h后得二级种子液;(1) Strain activation: Glycerol tubes of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were respectively inoculated at 1% in the activation medium based on soymilk for activation, pH 6.5-7.0, and the control temperature was 37±1°C; respectively activated After 0-20 hours, the inoculation amount of 10% (v/w) was transferred to the activation medium again for secondary activation, and after 16-24 hours of reactivation, the secondary seed liquid was obtained;
(2)混菌发酵:以豆浆为基质的发酵培养基灭菌后,在包装容器中无菌灌装,将植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌分别按接种量为106~107CFU/mL直接接种于各包装容器中,第一阶段37℃发酵6~24h,第二阶段30℃发酵0~12h,即得凝固型益生菌食品。(2) Mixed-bacteria fermentation: After the fermentation medium with soybean milk as the base is sterilized, it is aseptically filled in a packaging container, and the inoculums of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis are respectively 10 6 -10 7 CFU/mL Inoculate directly in each packaging container, ferment at 37°C for 6-24 hours in the first stage, and ferment at 30°C for 0-12 hours in the second stage to obtain solidified probiotic food.
在上述豆浆发酵益生菌饮料或食品的制备方法中:In the preparation method of the above-mentioned soybean milk fermented probiotic beverage or food:
优选的,所述活化培养基为:黄豆或黑豆至少一种,或再混入少量其他豆类,加水打浆过滤,添加豆浆质量比1~10%的蔗糖,灭菌后为活化培养基。Preferably, the activation medium is: at least one of soybeans or black beans, or mixed with a small amount of other beans, added with water to beat and filter, adding sucrose with a mass ratio of 1-10% of soybean milk, and sterilized to become an activation medium.
所述活化培养基也可以为灭菌的市售含糖型豆浆,或市售无糖型豆浆添加质量比1~10%的蔗糖后灭菌。The activation medium can also be sterilized commercially available sugar-containing soymilk, or commercially available sugar-free soymilk, which is sterilized after adding 1-10% sucrose by mass.
所述发酵培养基为:活化培养基中添加质量比1~10%的南瓜粉、姜汁或其他果蔬汁中至少一种后灭菌。The fermentation medium is: adding at least one of pumpkin powder, ginger juice or other fruit and vegetable juices with a mass ratio of 1-10% to the activation medium and then sterilizing.
优选的,所述混菌发酵的接种量为植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌1:1。Preferably, the inoculation amount of the mixed bacteria fermentation is 1:1 between Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis.
优选的,所述混菌发酵为第一阶段37℃发酵8h,第二阶段30℃发酵4h。Preferably, the mixed bacteria fermentation is the first stage of fermentation at 37°C for 8 hours, and the second stage of fermentation at 30°C for 4 hours.
有益效果:Beneficial effect:
豆浆作为一种高蛋白的营养食品,经益生菌发酵具有不同程度的抗氧化、降血压以及对心脑血管疾病的预防作用,调理肠道,本发明制备方法简单,益生菌发酵饮料和食品可以满足各类消费群体的需求。选择合适的植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌混菌发酵,利用菌株间的协同发酵作用,既能提高产率、促进彼此生长繁殖,组合菌株的产酶、产酸和产营养物质以及对基质的分解利用能力等要显著优于单菌发酵或其它菌株组合形式,品质、口感较好且稳定,风味独特。Soymilk, as a high-protein nutritious food, has different degrees of anti-oxidation, blood pressure lowering and preventive effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases after probiotic fermentation, and regulates the intestinal tract. The preparation method of the present invention is simple, and the probiotic fermented beverage and food can be To meet the needs of various consumer groups. Select the appropriate mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and use the synergistic fermentation between the strains, which can not only increase the yield, promote the growth and reproduction of each other, but also combine the enzyme, acid and nutrient production of the combined strains and the substrate’s The ability to decompose and utilize is significantly better than single-bacteria fermentation or other strain combinations. The quality and taste are better and stable, and the flavor is unique.
本发明经益生菌发酵后的豆浆功能性饮料或食品中活性成分含量显著提高,如大豆苷元、染料木素等可预防心血管疾病、改善骨质疏松及预防癌症;液态饮料中的总酚类物质可高达7.53(mg GAE/g),该物质具有抗氧化、强化血管壁、促进肠胃消化、降低血脂、增加身体抵抗力的作用并可防止动脉硬化和血栓的形成;液态饮料中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)达到2.489mg/g,对高血压具有缓解和治疗的功效;同时,抗氧化物含量能达到(0.0874mmolTE/g)。The content of active ingredients in the soybean milk functional beverage or food fermented by probiotic bacteria in the present invention is significantly improved, such as daidzein, genistein, etc., which can prevent cardiovascular diseases, improve osteoporosis and prevent cancer; the total phenols in liquid beverages The substance can be as high as 7.53 (mg GAE/g), which has anti-oxidation, strengthens blood vessel walls, promotes gastrointestinal digestion, reduces blood fat, increases body resistance and prevents arteriosclerosis and thrombosis; γ in liquid beverages -Aminobutyric acid (GABA) reaches 2.489mg/g, which has the effect of relieving and treating hypertension; at the same time, the antioxidant content can reach (0.0874mmolTE/g).
本发明采用植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌混菌发酵,首先,发酵后相对于植物乳杆菌或青春双歧杆菌单独发酵在活菌数大幅度提升的同时益生物质也有不同程度的提高;其次,青春双歧杆菌在生长过程中能产生促进细胞有丝分裂的活性物质,这种物质存在于青春双歧杆菌菌体内,而且在双歧杆菌菌体外也并不丧失活性,所以,使用含有青春双歧杆菌发酵的产品具有延年益寿,抗衰老的作用,另外,青春双歧杆菌也是治疗便秘和伪膜性肠炎的首选药物。因此,本发明豆浆益生菌发酵饮料的制备方法在活菌数大大提升的同时还能产生很多对人体有益的代谢产物。本发明提供的青春双歧杆菌TK99具有良好的耐氧特性,更利于工业化的生产,并且能产生与其他双歧杆菌相比更多的乳酸,这样可以有效地延长保质期,另外TK99对部分致病性革兰氏阳性菌具有抗性作用,植物乳杆菌TK9具有光谱抗真菌性,本发明益生菌饮料或食品在不添加任何化学添加剂的情况下保质期可以达到180天,并且产品本身品质和风味等不受影响。The present invention adopts the mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Firstly, after fermentation, the number of live bacteria is greatly increased compared with single fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum or Bifidobacterium adolescentis. At the same time, the probiotics are also improved to varying degrees; secondly, Bifidobacterium adolescentis can produce active substances that promote cell mitosis during the growth process. This substance exists in the body of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and does not lose its activity outside the body of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Therefore, the use of bifidobacterium adolescentis contains Bacillus fermented products have the effect of prolonging life and anti-aging. In addition, Bifidobacterium adolescentis is also the first choice drug for treating constipation and pseudomembranous colitis. Therefore, the preparation method of the soybean milk probiotic fermented beverage of the present invention can produce many metabolites beneficial to the human body while greatly increasing the number of viable bacteria. The Bifidobacterium adolescentis TK99 provided by the present invention has good oxygen resistance characteristics, is more conducive to industrial production, and can produce more lactic acid than other bifidobacteria, which can effectively prolong the shelf life. In addition, TK99 is partially pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria have resistance, and Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 has spectrum antifungal properties. The probiotic beverage or food of the present invention can have a shelf life of 180 days without adding any chemical additives, and the quality and flavor of the product itself Not affected.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过具体的实施方案叙述本发明。除非特别说明,本发明中所用的技术手段均为本领域技术人员所公知的方法。另外,实施方案应理解为说明性的,而非限制本发明的范围,本发明的实质和范围仅由权利要求书所限定。对于本领域技术人员而言,在不背离本发明实质和范围的前提下,对这些实施方案中的物料成分和用量进行的各种改变或改动也属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention is described below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are methods known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered as illustrative rather than limiting the scope of the invention, the spirit and scope of which is defined only by the claims. For those skilled in the art, on the premise of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes or modifications to the material components and dosage in these embodiments also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例中涉及到的百分号“%”,若未特别说明,指质量百分比,溶液的百分比指100mL中含有溶质的克数,液体之间的百分比,是指在25℃时溶液的体积比例。The percentage sign "%" involved in the examples, if not specified, refers to the mass percentage, the percentage of the solution refers to the number of grams of solute contained in 100mL, and the percentage between liquids refers to the volume ratio of the solution at 25°C .
实施例中涉及到的物质检测方法,若未特别说明,利用GB/T 23788-2009方法测定大豆异黄酮含量;利用GB/T8143.2-89方法测定氨基态氮的含量;利用高效液相法测定GABA含量;利用福林酚反应测定总酚类含量;利用活氧指数法(ORAC)测定抗氧化物含量。For the detection methods of substances involved in the examples, if not specified, the content of soybean isoflavones is determined by the method of GB/T 23788-2009; the content of amino nitrogen is determined by the method of GB/T8143.2-89; the content of amino nitrogen is determined by the method of high performance liquid phase Determination of GABA content; determination of total phenolic content by Folin phenol reaction; determination of antioxidant content by active oxygen index method (ORAC).
实施例中涉及到的发酵菌种,若未特别说明,所述植物乳杆菌均为TK9,所述青春双歧杆菌均为TK99,其他益生菌为商业菌种保藏机构购买菌种。For the fermentation strains involved in the examples, unless otherwise specified, the Lactobacillus plantarum is TK9, the Bifidobacterium adolescentis is TK99, and other probiotics are strains purchased from commercial strain preservation institutions.
实施例中涉及到的培养基,若未特别说明,所述活化培养基为:黄豆或黑豆至少一种,或再混入少量其他豆类,加水打浆过滤,添加豆浆质量比1~10%的蔗糖,灭菌后为活化培养基;所述发酵培养基为:活化培养基中添加质量比1~10%的南瓜粉、姜汁或其他果蔬汁中至少一种后灭菌。The culture medium involved in the examples, unless otherwise specified, the activated culture medium is: at least one kind of soybean or black soybean, or mixed with a small amount of other beans, added with water, beaten and filtered, and added sucrose with a mass ratio of 1 to 10% of soybean milk After sterilization, it is an activated medium; the fermentation medium is: adding at least one of pumpkin powder, ginger juice or other fruit and vegetable juices with a mass ratio of 1-10% to the activated medium and then sterilized.
实施例1:Example 1:
活菌型益生菌饮料发酵工艺的研究。Research on the fermentation process of live bacteria type probiotic beverage.
本实施例中以市售含糖型黄豆豆浆经灭菌后作为活化培养基,发酵培养基为活化培养基添加1-10%南瓜粉。In this embodiment, the commercially available sugar-containing soybean milk is sterilized as the activation medium, and the fermentation medium is the activation medium with 1-10% pumpkin powder added.
(1)发酵菌种的选择(1) Selection of fermentation strains
将不同菌种甘油管分别按1%(v/w)接种于活化培养基进行一次活化,均活化18h,然后均按10%(v/w)的接菌量二次转接入活化培养基中,二次活化20h,在发酵培养基(活化培养基+5%南瓜粉)中接种1×107CFU/mL单菌或混菌的组合进行37℃发酵12h,搅拌转速50r/min。Glycerol tubes of different strains were inoculated in the activation medium at 1% (v/w) for primary activation, and were activated for 18 hours, and then transferred to the activation medium for the second time at the inoculation amount of 10% (v/w). In this process, secondary activation was performed for 20 hours, and 1×10 7 CFU/mL single or mixed bacteria were inoculated in the fermentation medium (activation medium + 5% pumpkin powder) for 12 hours of fermentation at 37°C, with a stirring speed of 50 r/min.
混菌菌种组合优化结果及单菌或各混菌组合发酵后饮料中的益生菌总活菌数见表1所示。Table 1 shows the optimization results of the mixed strain combination and the total number of viable probiotic bacteria in the beverage after fermentation by single bacteria or each mixed strain combination.
表1单菌或不同混菌组合发酵后饮料中的益生菌总活菌数Table 1 The total viable count of probiotics in beverages fermented by single bacteria or different mixed bacteria combinations
结果:液态发酵饮料中混菌发酵更为优异,其中最优的菌种组合为植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的组合。Results: The mixed-bacteria fermentation in liquid fermented beverages was more excellent, and the optimal strain combination was the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis.
(2)接种量及接种比例的确定(2) Determination of inoculation amount and inoculation ratio
将植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌甘油管分别按1%(v/w)接种于活化培养基进行一次活化,均活化18h,然后均按10%(v/w)的接菌量二次转接入活化培养基中,二次活化20h,在发酵培养基中选择不同的接种量以及接种比例,37℃混菌发酵12h,通过发酵后饮料中的益生菌总活菌数对接种量以及接种比例进行优化,结果如表2所示。Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis glycerol tubes were respectively inoculated in the activation medium at 1% (v/w) for primary activation, and both were activated for 18 hours, and then transformed for the second time at an inoculated amount of 10% (v/w). Into the activation medium, secondary activation 20h, choose different inoculation amount and inoculation ratio in the fermentation medium, 37 ℃ mixed bacteria fermentation for 12h, through the total number of viable probiotic bacteria in the beverage after fermentation against the inoculum amount and inoculation The ratio was optimized, and the results are shown in Table 2.
表2植物乳杆菌与青春双歧杆菌混菌发酵对接种量优化的益生菌总活菌数Table 2 The total number of viable probiotics optimized by the inoculation amount of the mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis
结果:在植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌的接种比例为1:1、接种量分别为1.0×107CFU/mL时,发酵后益生菌活菌总数最高,能达到1.5×109CFU/mL。Results: When the inoculation ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis was 1:1, and the inoculation volume was 1.0×10 7 CFU/mL, the total number of viable probiotic bacteria after fermentation was the highest, reaching 1.5×10 9 CFU/mL .
(3)发酵形式的影响(3) The influence of fermentation form
将植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌甘油管分别按1%(v/w)接种于活化培养基进行一次活化,均活化18h,然后均按10%(v/w)的接菌量二次转接入活化培养基中,二次活化20h,在发酵培养基中接种植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌,接种量均为1.0×107CFU/mL,接种比例为1:1,搅拌转速为100r/min,对发酵温度和发酵时间进行优化。结果如表3和表4所示。Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis glycerol tubes were respectively inoculated in the activation medium at 1% (v/w) for primary activation, and both were activated for 18 hours, and then transformed for the second time at an inoculated amount of 10% (v/w). Insert into the activation medium, activate for 20 hours again, inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the fermentation medium, the inoculation amount is 1.0×10 7 CFU/mL, the inoculation ratio is 1:1, and the stirring speed is 100r /min to optimize the fermentation temperature and fermentation time. The results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.
表3发酵时间对益生菌活菌数的影响(活菌数单位:CFU/mL)Table 3 Effect of fermentation time on the viable count of probiotics (viable count unit: CFU/mL)
表4分段发酵对益生菌活菌数及口味的影响Table 4 Effects of staged fermentation on the number and taste of probiotics
结果:37℃发酵12h活菌数最高,但30℃发酵可以明显的改善豆浆发酵饮料的口感,所以本产品采用分段发酵的方式,优选的发酵时间为第一阶段37℃8h、第二阶段30℃4h。Results: Fermentation at 37°C for 12 hours has the highest number of viable bacteria, but fermentation at 30°C can significantly improve the taste of fermented soybean milk beverages, so this product adopts a staged fermentation method, and the preferred fermentation time is the first stage at 37°C for 8 hours, and the second stage 30°C 4h.
实施例2:Example 2:
豆浆发酵活菌型益生菌饮料。Soybean milk fermented live bacteria probiotic beverage.
将植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌甘油管分别按1%(v/w)接种于活化培养基进行一次活化,均活化18h,然后均按10%(v/w)的接菌量二次转接入活化培养基中,二次活化20h;在发酵罐的发酵培养基中接种植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌,接种量分别为1.0×107CFU/mL,接种比例为1:1,搅拌发酵,转速为60r/min,第一阶段37℃发酵8h,第二阶段30℃发酵4h,对致病菌进行检测,在无菌条件下进行灌装成产品。Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis glycerol tubes were respectively inoculated in the activation medium at 1% (v/w) for primary activation, and both were activated for 18 hours, and then transformed for the second time at an inoculated amount of 10% (v/w). Insert it into the activation medium, and activate it for 20 hours again; inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the fermentation medium of the fermenter, the inoculum amount is 1.0×10 7 CFU/mL, the inoculation ratio is 1:1, stir Fermentation, the rotating speed is 60r/min, the first stage is fermented at 37°C for 8h, the second stage is fermented at 30°C for 4h, the pathogenic bacteria are detected, and the product is filled under aseptic conditions.
发酵结束测定发酵产品中各活性成分含量的变化,用同样的方法测定植物乳杆菌或青春双歧杆菌单菌发酵产品中各活性成分含量的变化。结果如表5和表6所示。Fermentation finishes measuring the change of each active component content in the fermented product, uses the same method to measure the change of each active component content in plantaractobacillus or Bifidobacterium adolescentis single-bacteria fermentation product. The results are shown in Table 5 and Table 6.
大豆异黄酮是大豆生长中形成的一类次级代谢产物。与雌激素有相似结构,大豆异黄酮的雌激素作用影响到激素分泌、代谢生物学活性、蛋白质合成、生长因子活性,具有较强的抗氧化性和抗真菌活性,是天然的癌症化学预防剂,它还可防止骨质疏松症、肾炎以及自身免疫的疾病。大豆异黄酮是一种具有多种重要生理活性的天然营养因子,是纯天然的植物黄酮类化合物雌激素,容易被人体吸收,能迅速补充营养。Soy isoflavones are a class of secondary metabolites formed during soybean growth. Similar to estrogen, the estrogenic effect of soybean isoflavones affects hormone secretion, metabolic biological activity, protein synthesis, and growth factor activity. It has strong antioxidant and antifungal activities, and is a natural cancer chemopreventive agent , it also prevents osteoporosis, nephritis and autoimmune diseases. Soy isoflavone is a natural nutritional factor with many important physiological activities. It is a pure natural plant flavonoid estrogen, which is easily absorbed by the human body and can quickly supplement nutrition.
表5活菌型益生菌饮料中活性物质的测定Table 5 Determination of Active Substances in Live Bacteria Probiotic Beverages
表6活菌型益生菌饮料中致病菌的检测Table 6 Detection of pathogenic bacteria in live bacteria probiotic beverages
结果:无致病菌检出,其他均符合国际制品安全标准。Results: No pathogenic bacteria were detected, and the others were in line with international product safety standards.
实施例3:Example 3:
豆浆发酵灭菌型益生菌饮料。Soymilk fermented and sterilized probiotic beverage.
将植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌甘油管分别按1%(v/w)接种于活化培养基进行一次活化,均活化18h,然后均按10%(v/w)的接菌量二次转接入活化培养基中,二次活化20h;在发酵罐的发酵培养基中接种植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌,接种量分别为1.0×107CFU/mL,接种比例为1:1,搅拌发酵,转速为60r/min,第一阶段37℃发酵8h,第二阶段30℃发酵4h,90℃杀菌10min,对致病菌进行检测,在无菌条件下灌装成产品。Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis glycerol tubes were respectively inoculated in the activation medium at 1% (v/w) for primary activation, and both were activated for 18 hours, and then transformed for the second time at an inoculated amount of 10% (v/w). Insert it into the activation medium, and activate it for 20 hours again; inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the fermentation medium of the fermenter, the inoculum amount is 1.0×10 7 CFU/mL, the inoculation ratio is 1:1, stir Fermentation, the rotation speed is 60r/min, the first stage is fermented at 37°C for 8h, the second stage is fermented at 30°C for 4h, sterilized at 90°C for 10min, the pathogenic bacteria are detected, and the product is filled under aseptic conditions.
测定饮料保藏时间对质量的影响。测定发酵产品中各活性成分含量的变化,用同样的方法测定植物乳杆菌或青春双歧杆菌单菌发酵产品中各活性成分含量的变化。结果如表7-9所示。Determining the effect of beverage storage time on quality. The change of each active ingredient content in the fermented product is determined, and the change of each active ingredient content in the single-bacteria fermentation product of Lactobacillus plantarum or Bifidobacterium adolescentis is measured with the same method. The results are shown in Table 7-9.
表7致病菌的检测Table 7 Detection of pathogenic bacteria
结果:无致病菌检出,其他均符合国际制品安全标准。Results: No pathogenic bacteria were detected, and the others were in line with international product safety standards.
表8保藏时间对产品质量的影响The impact of table 8 storage time on product quality
表9灭菌型益生菌饮料中活性物质的测定Table 9 Determination of active substances in sterilized probiotic beverages
综上可以看出,植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌混菌发酵的活菌数明显高于单菌发酵的活菌数,发酵产物中活性物质如大豆苷元、染料木素等含量显著增加,该成分具有预防心血管疾病、改善骨质疏松及预防癌症的功效;混菌发酵后的总酚类以及抗氧化物含量也有明显提高,该物质可抗氧化、强化血管壁、促进肠胃消化、降低血脂及增加身体抵抗力,并可防止动脉硬化和血栓的形成;并且发酵产物中的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对高血压具有缓解和治疗的功效。豆浆发酵饮料中益生物质有明显的增加,营养丰富,更加有益于身体的健康。In summary, it can be seen that the number of live bacteria in the mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis was significantly higher than that of single bacteria, and the content of active substances such as daidzein and genistein in the fermentation products increased significantly. This ingredient has the effect of preventing cardiovascular disease, improving osteoporosis and preventing cancer; the content of total phenols and antioxidants after mixed bacterial fermentation is also significantly increased. This substance can resist oxidation, strengthen blood vessel walls, promote gastrointestinal digestion, reduce Blood lipids and increase body resistance, and can prevent arteriosclerosis and thrombus formation; and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the fermentation product has the effect of relieving and treating hypertension. The prebiotics in soymilk fermented beverages have significantly increased and are rich in nutrients, which are more beneficial to the health of the body.
实施例4:Example 4:
豆浆发酵凝固型益生菌食品。Soymilk fermented solidified probiotic food.
将植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌甘油管分别按1%(v/w)接种于活化培养基进行一次活化,均活化18h,然后均按10%(v/w)的接菌量二次转接入活化培养基中,二次活化20h;在灌装在包装容器中的发酵培养基中接种植物乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌直接发酵,接种量分别为1.0×107CFU/mL,接种比例为1:1,第一阶段37℃发酵8h,第二阶段30℃发酵4h,即为成品。Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis glycerol tubes were respectively inoculated in the activation medium at 1% (v/w) for primary activation, and both were activated for 18 hours, and then transformed for the second time at an inoculated amount of 10% (v/w). Into the activation medium, secondary activation 20h; Inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the fermentation medium filled in the packaging container for direct fermentation, the inoculation amount is 1.0×10 7 CFU/mL, the inoculation ratio The ratio is 1:1, the first stage is fermented at 37°C for 8 hours, and the second stage is fermented at 30°C for 4 hours, which is the finished product.
测定发酵产品中各活性成分含量的变化,用同样的方法测定植物乳杆菌或青春双歧杆菌单菌发酵产品中各活性成分含量的变化。The change of each active ingredient content in the fermented product is determined, and the change of each active ingredient content in the single-bacteria fermentation product of Lactobacillus plantarum or Bifidobacterium adolescentis is measured with the same method.
表10凝固型益生菌食品中活性物质的测定Table 10 Determination of active substances in solidified probiotic food
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