CN106469775A - 发光二极管的结构 - Google Patents
发光二极管的结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明有关于一种发光二极管的结构,其包含一发光二极管单元,该发光二极管单元掺入复数个荧光粉于该发光二极管单元的一发光层一侧的至少任一层;亦或是该发光二极管单元排列复数个荧光粉颗粒于该发光二极管单元的至少一出光面,如此以不使用胶体进行荧光粉的设置或封装方式,则不会发生因发光二极管的结构长时间高温状态,而导致胶体黄化,而影响发光二极管的发光效率,并同时产生色偏的情况。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种发光二极管的结构,尤指对于一种除去黄化现象的发光二极管的结构。
背景技术
目前生活上有各式各样发光二极管的相关应用,例如交通号志、机车尾灯、路灯、计算机指示灯、汽车头灯等等,除了必要的LED芯片制程外,都必须经过将发光二极管进行封装的程序。
传统发光二极管(Light-Emitting Diode;LED)的封装形式,因外观的关系被称为炮弹型或5mm LED,而此种的封装形式的技术最为成熟,且封装工业也普遍认为此种封装方式是最为经济与方便的封装制程。
发光二极管的封装功能在于提供发光二极管芯片电能、光能与散热的必要支持。例如半导体组件长时间暴露在大气中,会受到水器或其它环境中的化学物值影响而老化,造成特性的衰退,选用高透明度的环氧树脂包覆发光二极管,是一个有效隔绝大气的方法,另外选用适合的基材提供发光二极管组件足够的机械保护,使发光二极管的可靠度大幅提升。
除此之外,发光二极管封装还需要有良好的散热性及光萃取效率,由其散热问题更值得重视。若未能实时使热散出,累积在组件中的热对组件的特性寿命及可靠度都会产生不良的影响。
目前有关于传统发光二极管一般使用边长约0.3mm或更小的芯片,利用银胶(Ag paste)将芯片接合在导线框架(Lead frame)的反射罩(Reflector cup)上,反射罩用于收集芯片侧壁所发出来的光,并反射至所需要的方向,接着,使用金线连接芯片正极与一只引脚(lead wire),负极则是反射杯与另一引脚相连接,再用高温固化的环氧树脂(Epoxy)包覆顶部。于发光二极管使用时,以20mA得电流做驱动,约有90%的热能必须由负极经过反射罩传导至引脚上,引入PCB板,但因为导线架的导热特性不佳,其热阻高达250~300℃/W,使LED散热不良而导致温度上升,因高温影响到包覆发光二极管的封装材料,例如:环氧树脂,使环氧树脂产生黄化,进而影响到发光二极管的发光效率、并使光线产生色偏以及发光二极管的使用寿命。
故,本发明针对于习知技术的缺点进行改良,而提供一种发光二极管的结构,改善习知技术的发光二极管芯片的封装胶体会因发光二极管芯片的高温产生黄化,而影响发光二极管的发光效果,所以荧光粉以不利用封装胶体的方式,而设置于发光二极管芯片。
发明内容
本发明的一目的,在于提供一种发光二极管的结构,利用荧光粉掺入的方式,而不需再额外利用封装胶体混合荧光粉进行发光二极管芯片的封装,以避免发光二极管的高温影响封装胶体,导致封装胶体黄化而影响发光二极管的发光效率。
本发明的一目的,在于提供一种发光二极管的结构,利用荧光粉直接排列于发光二极管芯片的出光面,而不需再额外利用封装胶体混合荧光粉进行发光二极管芯片的封装,以避免发光二极管的高温影响封装胶体,导致封装胶体黄化而影响发光二极管的发光效率。
为达上述所指称的一目的及功效,本发明提供一种发光二极管的结构,其包含:一发光二极管单元,该发光二极管单元掺入复数个荧光粉于该发光二极管单元的一发光层一侧的至少任一层。
本发明提供另一种发光二极管的结构,其包含一发光二极管单元,该发光二极管单元排列复数个荧光粉于该发光二极管单元的至少一出光面。
附图说明
图1:其为本发明的第一实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图2:其为本发明的第二实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图3:其为本发明的第三实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图4:其为本发明的第四实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图5:其为本发明的第五实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图6:其为本发明的第六实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图7:其为本发明的第七实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图8:其为本发明的第八实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图9:其为本发明的第九实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图10:其为本发明的第十实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图11:其为本发明的第十一实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;
图12:其为本发明的第十二实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;以及
图13:其为本发明的第十三实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图。
【图号对照说明】
11、11A 发光二极管单元
111、111A 第一基板、第二基板
1111 第一侧面
1112 第二侧面
112 N型半导体层
113 发光层
114 P型半导体层
12 荧光粉
13、13A、13B、13C 发光二极管芯片
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的结构特征及所达成的功效有更进一步的了解与认识,特用较佳的实施例及配合详细的说明,说明如下:
目前针对于发光二极管封装需要有良好的散热性及光萃取效率,而以散热问题更值得重视。若未能实时使热散出,累积在组件中的热对组件的特性寿命及可靠度都会产生不良的影响,尤其是封装于发光二极管芯片的封装胶体,封装胶体的材料为环氧树脂,而发光二极管所发出的高温容易影响到包覆发光二极管的环氧树脂,环氧树脂的一般使用温度为-50~150度C,长时间高温使环氧树脂产生黄化,进而影响到发光二极管的发光效率以及发光二极管的使用寿命。
请参阅图1,其为本发明的第一实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;如图所示,本实施例为一种发光二极管的结构,该发光二极管的结构包含一发光二极管单元11,于该发光二极管单元11掺入复数个荧光粉12于该发光二极管单元11的一发光层一侧之至少任一层中,本实例以该发光二极管单元的一第一基板111为例做一说明,掺杂至任一层的技术应属本技术的该项技艺者,可据以实施。
承上所述,该发光二极管单元11的该第一基板111具有一第一侧面1111与相对于该第一侧面1111的一第二侧面1112,一N型半导体层112设置于该第一基板111的该第一侧面1111,一发光层113设置于该N型板导体层112相对于不具有该透明基板111的一侧,一P型半导体层114设置于该发光层113相对于不具有该N型板导体层112的一侧。
于本实施例中,第一基板111的材质可为蓝宝石、玻璃或陶瓷等等材料,本实施例以蓝宝石基板为例,进行以下说明,蓝宝石(Al2O3,Sapphire)为制成氮化镓(GaN)磊晶发光层的主要基板材质,氮化镓可用来制作超高亮度蓝光、绿光、蓝绿光与白光LED。蓝宝石组成为氧化铝(Al2O3)是由三个氧原子和两个铝原子以共价键型式结合,晶体结构为六方晶格结构,蓝宝石的光学穿透带很宽,从近紫外光到中红外线都有很好的透光性,目前来说,国内蓝宝石晶体常用的生长方式为柴式拉晶法(简称CZ法)与凯式长晶法(KY)等方式,将该些个荧光粉12掺入于蓝宝石基板的制造过程中,使制造出的蓝宝石基板本身就带有该些个荧光粉12,如此不需再利用胶体混合该些个荧光粉12对发光二极管的结构进行封装,再者,也可利用相同方法于玻璃与陶瓷材料所制造出的透明基板,另外,本实施例的该些个荧光粉12可依据使用者的需求选用荧光粉颜色。
本实施例针对于习知发光二极管的结构的技术作改良,一般而言,若要调整发光二极管的结构所发出的光线,大多是于将发光二极管的晶粒进行加工封装时,利用荧光粉混合封装胶体后,再一并将发光二极管芯片进行封装,使发光二极管芯片的光线于通过封装胶体内的荧光粉而改变原来的光线颜色,但是,由于现有的封装胶体材料大多数为环氧树脂(Epoxy)与硅氧烷(Silicone),而此两种材料无法长期耐高温,发光二极管于发光时,长时间的高温情况下,而导致环氧树脂黄化,进而影响发光二极管的结构的发光效果,并有色偏的情形发生,故,本发明提供一种发光二极管的结构,其于制作该第一基板111的过程中,将该些个荧光粉12掺入于该第一基板111内,以代替利用胶体方式设置该些个荧光粉12,而因利用不含胶体方式设置发光二极管芯片,所以该发光二极管的结构不会因为长期高温,而导致胶体黄化而影响发光效果,也不会发生色偏的情形。
请参阅图2至图4,其为本发明的第二至第四实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;如图所示,第二至第四实施例与第一实施例的差异在于,第二到第四实施例所叙述的发光二极管的结构的一发光二极管单元11A是晶粒于加工处理后的状态,于本实施例中,该发光二极管单元11A加工处理方式是以COB(Chip on board)的封装形式作为说明,直接将裸晶粒(die)黏贴在电路板(PCB)上,并将导线/焊线(wire)直接焊接(Bonding)在电路板的镀金线路上,但是,本实施例与习知技术不同的是,并不再以封装胶体进行芯片封装,另外,本实施例并不限晶粒加工方式为SMD(Surface Mounted Diode)或COB(Chip onboard)等芯片设置方式,此两种方式皆省略以封装胶体进行芯片固晶的步骤,都以不含胶体的形式进行,该发光二极管的结构的该发光二极管单元11A更包含一发光二极管芯片13,该发光二极管芯片13设置于该第二基板111A。
请复参阅图2,于第二实施例中,该发光二极管芯片13为一水平式发光二极管芯片13A,并以COB的形式安装于该第二基板111A上,再参阅图3,第三实施例与第二实施例的差异在于,该发光二极管芯片13为一垂直式发光二极管芯片13B,另参阅图4,第四实施例与第二实施例的差异在于,该发光二极管芯片13为一垂直式发光二极管芯片13C,于此提供不同形式的实施例。
请一并参阅图5与图6,其为本发明的第五至第六实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;如图所示,第五至第六实施例与第一实施例的差异在于,第五至第六实施例除了将未进行加工处理的晶粒状态的该第一基板111掺入该些个荧光粉12后,进一步将晶粒进行加工处理而固晶于该第二基板111A(即封装基板)上,而该第二基板111A也掺入该些个荧光粉12。
复参阅图5,于第五实施例中,其将该水平式发光二极管芯片13A的该第一基板111掺入该些个荧光粉12,并将该第一基板111设置于该第二基板111A(即封装基板),而该第二基板111A同样掺入该些个荧光粉12,用于该发光二极管单元11为单一方向的出光面,再者,再请参阅图6,第六实施例与第五实施例的差异在于,第六实施例是将该覆晶式发光二极管芯片13C的该第一基板111掺入该些个荧光粉12,而该第二基板111A同样掺入该些个荧光粉12,而该发光二极管单元11的该P型半导体层114的一侧设置于该第二基板111A的一侧,以此方式该第一基板111与该第二基板111A分别位于该发光二极管单元11的两侧,该发光二极管单元11的出光面为上下两方向,进一步该发光二极管单元11A的二出光面可能因为直接出光或是反射出光的因素而导致出光面得出光强度有别,故,位于该发光二极管单元11A的出光量较大的表面的该些个荧光粉12数量大于位于该发光二极管单元11A的出光量较小的表面的该些个荧光粉12数量,其荧光粉掺杂比例可根据实据需要而予以调整在不同的发光层一侧的二层结构上。
请参阅图7与图8,其为本发明的第七至第八实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;如图所示,第七实施例与第八实施例提供一种发光二极管的结构,其包含一发光二极管单元11,该发光二极管单元11是从晶圆切割下来后未进行加工处理的晶粒,复数个荧光粉12排列于该发光二极管单元11的出光面,其中有多种方式能将该些个荧光粉12以粉状颗粒直接排列于该发光二极管单元11的出光面,而该些个荧光粉12的排列方式为蒸镀、溅镀或离子布值等等,将该些个荧光粉12以不透过胶体的方式覆盖于该发光二极管单元11的出光面,而本实施例并不限定这些排列方式,但上述方式为习知技术,故,不加以赘述,本实施例以结构图标进行说明。
承上所述,图7说明第七实施例的该发光二极管单元11的出光面为该N型半导体112与该P型半导体114的表面,而该些个荧光粉12排列于该N型半导体112与该P型半导体114的表面,而图8说明第八实施例的该发光二极管单元11的出光面为该第一基板111的表面,而该些个荧光粉12排列于该第一基板111的表面。
请参阅图9与图10,其为本发明的第九至第十实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;如图所示,第九至第十实施例与第七至第八实施例的差异在于,第九至第十实施例的该发光二极管单元11为两面出光,其出光面分别为该N型半导体112与该P型半导体114的表面以及该第一基板111的表面,而该些个荧光粉12则排列于该N型半导体112与该P型半导体114的表面以及该第一基板111的表面,其中该发光二极管单元11的二出光面因为直接出光或是反射出光的因素而导致出光面得出光强度有别,故,位于该发光二极管单元11的出光量较大的出光面的该些个荧光粉12数量大于位于该发光二极管单元11的出光量较小的出光面的该些个荧光粉12数量。
请参阅图11至图13,其为本发明的第十一至第十三实施例的发光二极管的结构的示意图;如图所示,第十一实施例与第十三实施例提供一发光二极管单元11,其包含一发光二极管芯片13,该发光二极管芯片13是晶粒于加工处理后的状态,而于该发光二极管芯片13设置于该第二基板111A,再将该些个荧光粉12排列于该发光二极管芯片13与该第二基板111A的出光面。
于图11的该第十一实施例说明该发光二极管芯片13为一水平式发光二极管芯片13A,并将该些个荧光粉12排列于该发光二极管芯片13A的出光面与该第二基板111A上,再参阅图12,第十二实施例与第十一实施例的差异在于,该发光二极管芯片13为一垂直式发光二极管芯片13B,另参阅图4,第四实施例与第二实施例的差异在于,该发光二极管芯片13为一垂直式发光二极管芯片13C,于此提供不同形式的实施例。
综上所述,本发明为一种发光二极管的结构,其包含一发光二极管单元,该发光二极管单元掺入复数个荧光粉于该发光二极管单元的发光层一侧的至少任一层;亦或是该发光二极管单元排列复数个荧光粉于该发光二极管单元的至少一出光面,如此以不使用胶体进行荧光粉的设置或封装方式,则发光二极管的结构不会因高温导致胶体黄化,而影响发光二极管的结构的发光效果,另外,本发明并不限制为水平式发光二极管、垂直式发光二极管或覆晶式发光二极管等等态样,也不限定其为COB或SMD等封装形式,皆可应用本发明的技术特征。
上文仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用来限定本发明实施的范围,凡依本发明权利要求范围所述的形状、构造、特征及精神所为的均等变化与修饰,均应包括于本发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其包含:
一发光二极管单元,其掺入复数个荧光粉于该发光二极管单元的一发光层一侧的至少任一层中。
2.如权利要求1所述的发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其中该发光二极管单元,其由下至上包含一第一基板、一N型半导体层、该发光层及一P型半导体层,其中该任一层为该基板、该N型半导体层或该P型半导体层。
3.如权利要求1所述的发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其中该发光二极管芯片,倒装设置电性连接于一第二基板之上。
4.如权利要求3所述的发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其中该任一层为该第二基板。
5.如权利要求1项所述的发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其中该至少任一层为两层以上时,所掺杂该些荧光粉的比例不相同。
6.一种发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其包含:
一发光二极管单元,其排列复数个荧光粉颗粒于该发光二极管单元的至少一出光面。
7.如权利要求6所述的发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其中该发光二极管单元的该至少一出光面为一N型半导体与一P型半导体的表面、一透明基板的表面或该N型半导体、该P型半导体与该透明基板的表面。
8.如权利要求7所述的发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其中该些个荧光粉排列于该N型半导体、该P型半导体与该透明基板的表面,位于该发光二极管单元的出光量较大的表面的该些个荧光粉数量大于位于该发光二极管单元的出光量较小的表面的该些个荧光粉数量。
9.如权利要求6所述的发光二极管结构,其特征在于,其中该些个荧光粉排列于该发光二极管单元的该至少一出光面的方式为蒸镀、溅镀或离子布值。
10.如权利要求6所述的发光二极管的结构,其特征在于,其中该至少一出光面为两面以上时,所排列该些荧光粉颗粒的比例不相同。
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CN103238224A (zh) * | 2010-12-03 | 2013-08-07 | 欧司朗光电半导体有限公司 | 用于制造发射辐射的半导体芯片的方法、发射辐射的半导体芯片以及发射辐射的器件 |
CN102810618A (zh) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-12-05 | 展晶科技(深圳)有限公司 | 半导体封装结构 |
CN102709452A (zh) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-10-03 | 苏州晶品光电科技有限公司 | 荧光透明陶瓷led封接结构及其封接方法 |
US20140061700A1 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-06 | Lextar Electronics Corporation | Flip-chip light-emitting diode structure and manufacturing method thereof |
WO2014111822A1 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-24 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Led using luminescent sapphire as down-converter |
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CN108511432A (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-07 | 梁倩 | Led支架及封装器件 |
CN110350061A (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-18 | 佛山市国星半导体技术有限公司 | 一种免用封装胶的led芯片、封装器件及封装方法 |
Also Published As
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EP3133653A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
US20170054063A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
US9728691B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
TW201709563A (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
TWI644454B (zh) | 2018-12-11 |
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