CN106442124B - Fatigue performance test system of shape memory alloy material in electric-thermal coupling field - Google Patents
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及功能材料的力学性能测试及智能材料的精密驱动领域，具体涉及一种形状记忆合金材料在电流及焦耳热耦合作用下的功能疲劳性能、服役可靠性、显微组织演化过程评价的测试系统。The invention relates to the field of mechanical performance testing of functional materials and precision driving of intelligent materials, in particular to testing of functional fatigue performance, service reliability, and microstructure evolution process evaluation of a shape memory alloy material under the coupling action of current and Joule heat system.
背景技术Background technique
形状记忆合金材料在经过适当的“训练”后能够在没有外力介入的条件下在升温和降温过程中发生与相变过程相伴随的可逆宏观变形，从而作为智能材料被广泛应用于航空航天、机械工程、生物医学等各个领域。形状记忆合金材料的这种可逆宏观变形源于材料的内应力场，此内应力场可由“训练”过程中材料内部产生的位错引发，也可由“训练”过程中材料内部产生的具有特定取向的细小析出相导致。然而，当电流经过时由焦耳热产生的温度场长期作用于形状记忆合金材料时，在材料内部将会逐渐产生如位错增殖、析出相长大等显微组织变化，表现为相变温度的漂移或形状记忆回复率的衰退，即形状记忆合金材料的功能疲劳行为。这就使得了解和掌握形状记忆合金材料在各种物理场(包括电场、温度场、热应力场、残余外应力场、内应力场等)长期作用过程中由相变产生的形变的变化特点和规律成为表征形状记忆合金材料功能疲劳性能及预测功能疲劳寿命的重点。After proper "training", shape memory alloy materials can undergo reversible macroscopic deformation accompanying the phase transition process in the process of heating and cooling without external force intervention, and thus are widely used as smart materials in aerospace, mechanical Engineering, biomedicine and other fields. This reversible macroscopic deformation of the shape memory alloy material originates from the internal stress field of the material, which can be caused by dislocations generated inside the material during the "training" process, or by dislocations with specific orientations generated inside the material during the "training" process. caused by fine precipitated phases. However, when the temperature field generated by Joule heat acts on the shape memory alloy material for a long time when the current passes, microstructural changes such as dislocation proliferation and precipitation phase growth will gradually occur inside the material, which is manifested as a change in the phase transition temperature. Drift or decay of shape memory recovery rate, i.e. functional fatigue behavior of shape memory alloy materials. This makes it possible to understand and master the characteristics and characteristics of the deformation of shape memory alloy materials caused by phase transformation during the long-term action of various physical fields (including electric field, temperature field, thermal stress field, residual external stress field, internal stress field, etc.) The law has become the focus of characterizing the functional fatigue performance of shape memory alloy materials and predicting the functional fatigue life.
目前，由形状记忆合金材料组成的构件大部分是在热传递所致的变温过程中工作，然而对于某些在特殊条件下使用的构件(如形状记忆人工肛门括约肌)则需要在通电过程中工作。同时，虽然有部分关于电流通过形状记忆合金材料时对其相变和形变行为产生影响的研究，但鲜少涉及电流对形状记忆合金材料的相变和形变的长期影响。尤其需要指出的是，电流对材料的影响是多方面的，包括电迁移、电致塑形和电致焦耳热等，无论哪方面都会对形状记忆合金材料的显微组织产生程度不等的影响从而改变材料的相变和形变行为。在长期使用过程中，电流及焦耳热耦合作用对形状记忆合金材料的积累作用更会使之产生不同于热传递加载方式的疲劳行为，表现为形状记忆合金构件的工作温度区间和工作位移在长期使用过程中发生变化。这就使得形状记忆合金材料在电-热耦合场下功能疲劳性能的优劣成为选择智能构件材料、预估材料(或构件)寿命及分析材料(或构件)失效方式的重要指标。因此，在对形状记忆合金构件通电的情况下长期、稳定、同步地记录其工作位移和温度变化成为表征和评价其功能疲劳性能的重要步骤。At present, most of the components composed of shape memory alloy materials work in the process of changing temperature caused by heat transfer, but for some components used under special conditions (such as shape memory artificial anal sphincter), they need to work in the process of electrification . At the same time, although there are some studies on the influence of current on the phase transition and deformation behavior of shape memory alloy materials, there are few studies on the long-term effects of current on the phase transition and deformation of shape memory alloy materials. In particular, it should be pointed out that the influence of current on materials is multifaceted, including electromigration, electroplasticity and electrojoule heating, etc., no matter which aspect will have varying degrees of influence on the microstructure of shape memory alloy materials. Thereby changing the phase transition and deformation behavior of the material. In the long-term use process, the accumulation of current and Joule heat coupling on the shape memory alloy material will cause it to produce fatigue behavior different from the heat transfer loading method, which is manifested in the long-term working temperature range and working displacement of the shape memory alloy component. changes during use. This makes the functional fatigue performance of shape memory alloy materials under the electric-thermal coupling field become an important index for selecting intelligent component materials, estimating the life of materials (or components) and analyzing the failure mode of materials (or components). Therefore, long-term, stable, and synchronous recording of the working displacement and temperature change of the shape memory alloy component under the condition of energization becomes an important step to characterize and evaluate its functional fatigue performance.
然而，作为一种非典型的力学试验方法，在实际研究和测试工作中，尚无能够进行长期、实时监测、系统记录数据等功能的实验方法和测试系统。因此需要设计一种新的实验方法和测试系统来表征形状记忆合金材料的功能疲劳性能，该系统应包含位移采集装置、温度采集装置以及长期通电所需的控制系统。目前常见的位移传感器(包括接触式和非接触式位移传感器)大多只能获得被监测样品上一个点的位移变化，如需同时测量同一样品上多个点的位移数据，需要设置多个位移传感器。这不仅会大大增加制作成本，而且不利于系统长期运行的稳定性。近几年，成像法由于具有直观、全面、稳定的特点，被越来越多的用于表征被监测样品的尺寸和位移变化，并能同时测量样品上多个点的位移数据，尤其适合用于解决本发明的技术问题。However, as an atypical mechanical test method, in actual research and test work, there is no experimental method and test system capable of long-term, real-time monitoring, and system recording data. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new experimental method and test system to characterize the functional fatigue performance of shape memory alloy materials. The system should include displacement acquisition devices, temperature acquisition devices and the control system required for long-term power-on. Most of the current common displacement sensors (including contact and non-contact displacement sensors) can only obtain the displacement change of one point on the sample to be monitored. If you need to measure the displacement data of multiple points on the same sample at the same time, you need to set up multiple displacement sensors. . This will not only greatly increase the production cost, but also be detrimental to the stability of the long-term operation of the system. In recent years, the imaging method has been increasingly used to characterize the size and displacement changes of the monitored sample due to its intuitive, comprehensive and stable characteristics, and can simultaneously measure the displacement data of multiple points on the sample, especially suitable for To solve the technical problem of the present invention.
综上所述，设计一种长期稳定、便于操作、能够利用成像系统实时同步监测形状记忆合金材料在电流及焦耳热耦合作用下的位移和温度变化的测试系统是本领域目前迫切需要解决的技术问题，从而达到研究形状记忆合金功能疲劳性能、间接评价显微组织演化过程及预测功能疲劳寿命的目的。In summary, designing a test system that is stable for a long time, easy to operate, and capable of real-time monitoring of the displacement and temperature changes of shape memory alloy materials under the coupling of current and Joule heat by using an imaging system is an urgent need to solve the technology in this field. In order to achieve the purpose of studying the functional fatigue performance of shape memory alloys, indirectly evaluating the microstructure evolution process and predicting the functional fatigue life.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于克服现有技术存在的问题，提供了一种直观、全面、实时地展示和监测形状记忆合金材料的电-热耦合场中的形状记忆合金材料疲劳性能测试系统。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an intuitive, comprehensive and real-time display and monitoring of the shape memory alloy material fatigue performance testing system in the electric-thermal coupling field of the shape memory alloy material.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
电-热耦合场中的形状记忆合金材料疲劳性能测试系统：包括供电系统、摄影系统、温度采集系统、控制系统和检测台；供电系统主要为供电电源；摄影系统包括带取景窗的摄影箱、照明光源和工业照相机；温度采集系统包括测温热电偶和温度采集卡；控制系统包括时间继电器和计算机；检测台包括样品台和金属柱；Fatigue performance testing system for shape memory alloy materials in electric-thermal coupling field: including power supply system, photography system, temperature acquisition system, control system and testing platform; power supply system is mainly power supply; photography system includes photography box with viewfinder, Illumination light source and industrial camera; temperature acquisition system includes temperature measuring thermocouple and temperature acquisition card; control system includes time relay and computer; detection platform includes sample platform and metal column;
样品台上设有两根金属柱，带标记点的被监测样品两端分别与样品台上的两根金属柱相连接，两根金属柱一根连接供电电源的一极，供电电源的另一极与时间继电器连接，时间继电器与两根金属柱的另一根连接；样品台设置于摄影箱内，正对摄影箱的取景窗；摄影箱内取景窗左上方和右上方分别装有两个照明光源；摄影箱上正对样品台的左右两侧分别装有两个冷却风扇；两冷却风扇串联连接，一端连接供电电源的一极，另一端连接时间继电器；工业照相机正对取景窗和被监测样品；测温热电偶贴在被监测样品上；测温热电偶连接温度采集卡；工业照相机和温度采集卡连接计算机。There are two metal columns on the sample stage, and the two ends of the monitored sample with marked points are respectively connected to the two metal columns on the sample stage. One of the two metal columns is connected to one pole of the power supply, and the other pole of the power supply is The pole is connected to the time relay, and the time relay is connected to the other of the two metal columns; the sample stage is set in the photographic box, facing the viewfinder window of the photographic box; two Illumination light source; two cooling fans are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the camera box facing the sample stage; the two cooling fans are connected in series, one end is connected to one pole of the power supply, and the other end is connected to the time relay; the industrial camera is facing the viewfinder and the Monitor the sample; stick the temperature measuring thermocouple on the monitored sample; connect the temperature measuring thermocouple to the temperature acquisition card; connect the industrial camera and the temperature acquisition card to the computer.
为进一步实现本发明目的，优选地，所述工业照相机安装在照相机脚架上，所述照相机脚架高度可调，以获得理想的拍摄质量。To further realize the purpose of the present invention, preferably, the industrial camera is installed on a camera tripod, and the height of the camera tripod is adjustable to obtain ideal shooting quality.
优选地，所述摄影箱由黑色不透光的亚克力板制成。Preferably, the photography box is made of black opaque acrylic board.
优选地，所述供电电源为直流稳压电源。Preferably, the power supply is a DC stabilized power supply.
优选地，所述照明光源为5500K色温的摄影灯。Preferably, the illumination light source is a photographic light with a color temperature of 5500K.
优选地，所述照相机脚架顶部带球形云台，使工业照相机角度可调。Preferably, the top of the camera tripod is provided with a spherical head, so that the angle of the industrial camera can be adjusted.
优选地，所述测温热电偶为直径80μm的特细K型热电偶。Preferably, the temperature measuring thermocouple is an ultra-fine K-type thermocouple with a diameter of 80 μm.
优选地，所述测温热电偶由耐高温隔热胶带粘贴在所述形状记忆合金材料的表面。Preferably, the temperature-measuring thermocouple is pasted on the surface of the shape memory alloy material by a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating adhesive tape.
优选地，所述形状记忆合金材料上的标记点的颜色相对周围环境清晰可辨。Preferably, the color of the marking points on the shape memory alloy material is clearly distinguishable from the surrounding environment.
时间继电器为通电延时型且无需与计算机相连。The time relay is a power-on delay type and does not need to be connected to a computer.
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1)本发明可实现形状记忆合金材料在电-热耦合场下功能疲劳性能的测试和表征。通过成像法直观、全面、实时地展示和监测形状记忆合金材料上若干个感兴趣位置的位移变化，弥补了传统位移表征方法的单一性。1) The present invention can realize the test and characterization of the functional fatigue performance of shape memory alloy materials under electric-thermal coupling field. Through the imaging method, the displacement changes of several interesting positions on the shape memory alloy material can be displayed and monitored intuitively, comprehensively and in real time, which makes up for the singleness of the traditional displacement characterization method.
2)本发明通过整合温度和位移数据，表征了形状记忆合金材料在电流及焦耳热耦合作用下的温度变化及由相变产生的形变的变化规律，间接评价显微组织演化过程，从而为进一步预测形状记忆合金材料在电-热耦合场下的功能疲劳寿命提供依据。2) By integrating temperature and displacement data, the present invention characterizes the temperature change of the shape memory alloy material under the coupling effect of current and Joule heat and the change rule of the deformation caused by phase transition, and indirectly evaluates the evolution process of the microstructure, so as to provide further Provide a basis for predicting the functional fatigue life of shape memory alloy materials under the electric-thermal coupling field.
3)本发明测试系统可实现对所涉及形状记忆合金材料在电流及焦耳热耦合作用下的位移和温度的监测，同时获得被监测样品上一个或若干个标记点的位移和温度数据，适用于表征形状记忆合金材料在电-热耦合场下的功能疲劳性能。3) The testing system of the present invention can realize the monitoring of the displacement and temperature of the involved shape memory alloy material under the coupling effect of current and Joule heat, and obtain the displacement and temperature data of one or several marked points on the monitored sample at the same time, which is suitable for To characterize the functional fatigue performance of shape memory alloy materials under electric-thermal coupling field.
4)本发明对温度和位移数据的耦合处理，还可启发对在其他多物理场(如电场、磁场、温度场、应力场等)耦合条件下工作的材料或构件的功能疲劳性能的表征。4) The coupling processing of temperature and displacement data in the present invention can also inspire the characterization of the functional fatigue performance of materials or components working under coupling conditions of other multi-physics fields (such as electric field, magnetic field, temperature field, stress field, etc.).
5)本发明结合非常规加载手段对非典型力学性能测试系统进行升级并为多物理场耦合下的疲劳性能测试提供更多参考。5) The present invention upgrades the atypical mechanical property test system in combination with unconventional loading means and provides more references for the fatigue performance test under multi-physics field coupling.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为电-热耦合场中的形状记忆合金材料疲劳性能测试系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test system for the fatigue performance of shape memory alloy materials in an electric-thermal coupling field.
图中示出：被监测形状记忆合金材料1、疲劳测试样品台2、金属柱3、供电电源4、时间继电器5、摄影箱6、取景窗7、照明光源8、冷却风扇9、工业照相机10、照相机脚架11、测温热电偶12、温度采集卡13、计算机14。The figure shows: the monitored shape memory alloy material 1, the fatigue test sample table 2, the metal column 3, the power supply 4, the time relay 5, the camera box 6, the viewfinder window 7, the lighting source 8, the cooling fan 9, and the industrial camera 10 , camera tripod 11, temperature measuring thermocouple 12, temperature acquisition card 13, computer 14.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明的进行详细说明，以便能够更清楚地理解本发明形状记忆合金材料在电-热耦合场下功能疲劳性能测试系统。In the following, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the functional fatigue performance test system of the shape memory alloy material of the present invention under the electric-thermal coupling field can be more clearly understood.
如图1所示，电-热耦合场中的形状记忆合金材料疲劳性能测试系统，用于形状记忆合金材料在电-热耦合场下功能疲劳性能测试，包括供电系统、摄影系统、温度采集系统、控制系统和检测台；供电系统由供电电源4和连接导线的回路构成；摄影系统包括带取景窗7的摄影箱6、照明光源8、工业照相机10和照相机脚架11；温度采集系统包括测温热电偶12和温度采集卡13；控制系统包括时间继电器5和计算机14；检测台包括样品台2和金属柱3；As shown in Figure 1, the shape memory alloy material fatigue performance test system in the electric-thermal coupling field is used for the functional fatigue performance test of the shape memory alloy material in the electric-thermal coupling field, including a power supply system, a camera system, and a temperature acquisition system , a control system and a detection platform; the power supply system is composed of a power supply 4 and a loop connecting wires; the photographic system includes a photographic box 6 with a viewfinder 7, an illumination source 8, an industrial camera 10 and a camera tripod 11; the temperature acquisition system includes a measuring A thermocouple 12 and a temperature acquisition card 13; the control system includes a time relay 5 and a computer 14; the detection table includes a sample table 2 and a metal column 3;
样品台2上设有两根金属柱3，带标记点的被监测样品1两端分别与样品台2上的两根金属柱3相连接，两根金属柱3一根连接供电电源4的一极，供电电源4的另一极与时间继电器5连接，时间继电器5与两根金属柱3的另一根连接；样品台2设置于摄影箱6内，正对摄影箱的取景窗7；摄影箱6内取景窗7左上方和右上方分别装有两个照明光源8，为被监测样品2提供摄影光；摄影箱6上正对样品台2的左右两侧分别装有两个冷却风扇9；两冷却风扇9串联连接，一端连接供电电源4的一极，另一端连接时间继电器5；时间继电器5与供电电源4相连；工业照相机10安装在照相机脚架11上；工业照相机10正对取景窗7和被监测形状记忆合金材料1；被监测形状记忆合金材料1上贴有测温热电偶12；测温热电偶12连接温度采集卡13；工业照相机10和温度采集卡13通过通信电缆将照片和温度数据传输到计算机14；摄影箱6由黑色不透光的亚克力板制成。There are two metal columns 3 on the sample stage 2, and the two ends of the monitored sample 1 with marked points are respectively connected to the two metal columns 3 on the sample stage 2, and one of the two metal columns 3 is connected to one of the power supply 4 Pole, the other pole of the power supply 4 is connected with the time relay 5, and the time relay 5 is connected with the other one of the two metal columns 3; Two illumination light sources 8 are respectively installed on the upper left and upper right of the viewfinder window 7 in the box 6 to provide photographic light for the monitored sample 2; Two cooling fans 9 are connected in series, one end is connected to one pole of the power supply 4, and the other end is connected to the time relay 5; the time relay 5 is connected to the power supply 4; the industrial camera 10 is installed on the camera tripod 11; the industrial camera 10 faces the viewfinder The window 7 and the monitored shape memory alloy material 1; the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 is pasted with a temperature measuring thermocouple 12; the temperature measuring thermocouple 12 is connected to the temperature acquisition card 13; the industrial camera 10 and the temperature acquisition card 13 are connected by a communication cable Photos and temperature data are transmitted to computer 14; photography box 6 is made of black opaque acrylic plate.
时间继电器5同时处于被监测形状记忆合金材料1回路和冷却风扇9回路中，一端连接供电电源4，另一端连接被监测形状记忆合金材料1及冷却风扇9，时间继电器独立控制供电电源4分别为被监测形状记忆合金材料1和冷却风扇9交替供电的时间。The time relay 5 is in the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 circuit and the cooling fan 9 circuit at the same time, one end is connected to the power supply 4, and the other end is connected to the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 and the cooling fan 9, and the time relay independently controls the power supply 4 respectively The monitored shape memory alloy material 1 and the cooling fan 9 alternate power supply time.
所述供电电源4优选为直流稳压电源。The power supply 4 is preferably a DC stabilized power supply.
所述时间继电器为通电延时型且无需与计算机相连。The time relay is a power-on delay type and does not need to be connected with a computer.
所述照明光源优选为5500K色温的摄影灯。The illumination light source is preferably a photographic lamp with a color temperature of 5500K.
所述照相机脚架顶部优选带球形云台，使工业照相机角度可调。The top of the camera tripod preferably has a spherical head, so that the angle of the industrial camera can be adjusted.
所述测温热电偶优选为直径80μm的特细K型热电偶。The temperature measuring thermocouple is preferably an ultra-fine K-type thermocouple with a diameter of 80 μm.
所述测温热电偶由耐高温隔热胶带粘贴在所述形状记忆合金材料的表面。The temperature-measuring thermocouple is pasted on the surface of the shape-memory alloy material by a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating adhesive tape.
测试系统使用前，先在被监测形状记忆合金材料1上绘制一个或若干个标记点，标记点的颜色需明显区别于周围环境颜色；将被监测形状记忆合金材料1两端分别与疲劳测试样品台2上的两金属柱3相连接；用导线连接金属柱3一根与供电电源4的一极，将金属柱3的另一根与时间继电器5的一个输出端口相连；摄影箱6一个面的中间位置开有一个取景窗7，将装有被监测形状记忆合金材料1的样品台2置于由黑色不透光的亚克力板制成的摄影箱6内并正对取景窗7放置；将位于摄影箱6上样品台2两侧的两个冷却风扇9串联连接，然后将串联的冷却风扇9一端与供电电源4相连接，另一端与时间继电器5的另一个输出端口相连；将时间继电器5的输入端口与供电电源4没有负载的一极相连；将照相机脚架11置于摄影箱6外正对取景窗7处，将工业照相机10安装在照相机脚架11上，调整照相机脚架11角度和高度，使工业照相机10正对被监测形状记忆合金材料1。用耐高温隔热胶带将直径为80μm的超细K型热电偶12牢固粘贴在被监测形状记忆合金材料1表面，测温热电偶12另一端与温度采集卡13相连；然后用通信电缆分别将工业照相机10和温度采集卡13连接到计算机14上。Before using the test system, draw one or several marking points on the monitored shape memory alloy material 1. The color of the marking points must be clearly different from the color of the surrounding environment; respectively connect the two ends of the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 with the fatigue test sample The two metal posts 3 on the platform 2 are connected; connect one of the metal posts 3 with one pole of the power supply 4 with a wire, and connect the other of the metal posts 3 with an output port of the time relay 5; There is a viewfinder window 7 in the middle position, and the sample stage 2 equipped with the shape memory alloy material 1 to be monitored is placed in the photography box 6 made of black opaque acrylic plate and placed facing the viewfinder window 7; Two cooling fans 9 on both sides of the sample stage 2 on the photography box 6 are connected in series, then one end of the cooling fan 9 in series is connected with the power supply 4, and the other end is connected with another output port of the time relay 5; The input port of 5 is connected to one pole of the power supply 4 without load; the camera tripod 11 is placed outside the photography box 6 facing the viewfinder window 7, the industrial camera 10 is installed on the camera tripod 11, and the camera tripod 11 is adjusted. The angle and height are such that the industrial camera 10 faces the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 . Use high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating tape to firmly paste the ultra-fine K-type thermocouple 12 with a diameter of 80 μm on the surface of the monitored shape memory alloy material 1, and connect the other end of the temperature-measuring thermocouple 12 to the temperature acquisition card 13; The industrial camera 10 and the temperature acquisition card 13 are connected to the computer 14 .
进行功能疲劳测试前，先打开位于摄影箱内部取景窗左右上方的两个照明光源8，打开计算机14中的图像采集软件、温度采集软件和数据处理软件；图像采集软件为一般工业相机配套软件，可设置照片大小和拍照间隔并通过摄影窗口实时监测样品的动态变形；温度采集软件为一般数据采集卡配套软件，可设置温度数据采集间隔并实时监测温度的动态变化；数据处理软件包括位移计算软件和数据整合软件；位移计算软件为基于matlab的程序，该程序先读取图像采集软件所拍摄的照片，由于照片中被监测样品上标记点的RGB值与画面内其他像素点的RGB值有明显区别，程序能够识别具有特定RGB值的标记点在画幅内的坐标，将该坐标值与未变形样品上标记点的坐标值进行差值运算并乘以单位像素代表的实际长度，可得到该时刻被监测样品上标记点的位移；数据整合软件为基于labview的程序，该程序可分别读取所采集温度通道和位移通道的数据并识别每个数据的创建时间，将同一时间创建的温度数据和位移数据相对应，输出温度-位移曲线；观察图像采集软件中的摄影窗口，确保被监测形状记忆合金材料1处于工业照相机10所拍摄画面的中间位置且标记点清晰可辨；在图像采集软件中设置照片大小和拍照间隔；在温度采集软件中设置温度采集间隔；在图片读取程序中输入被监测样品1上标记点的颜色值(RGB)；在时间继电器5上设置其控制的两个回路的通电时间，使得供电电源4在设定的时间间隔内为被监测形状记忆合金材料1和冷却风扇9交替供电；设置供电电源4的输出电压。Before carrying out the functional fatigue test, open the two lighting sources 8 positioned at the upper left and right sides of the viewfinder inside the camera box, and open the image acquisition software, temperature acquisition software and data processing software in the computer 14; the image acquisition software is a general industrial camera supporting software, The photo size and interval can be set, and the dynamic deformation of the sample can be monitored in real time through the photography window; the temperature acquisition software is the supporting software for the general data acquisition card, which can set the interval of temperature data acquisition and monitor the dynamic change of temperature in real time; the data processing software includes displacement calculation software and data integration software; the displacement calculation software is a program based on matlab, which first reads the photos taken by the image acquisition software, because the RGB values of the marked points on the monitored sample in the photos are significantly different from the RGB values of other pixels in the screen The difference is that the program can identify the coordinates of a marked point with a specific RGB value within the frame, perform a difference operation between the coordinate value and the coordinate value of the marked point on the undeformed sample, and multiply it by the actual length represented by the unit pixel to obtain the moment The displacement of the marked point on the monitored sample; the data integration software is a program based on labview, which can read the data of the collected temperature channel and displacement channel respectively and identify the creation time of each data, and combine the temperature data created at the same time and Corresponding to the displacement data, output the temperature-displacement curve; observe the photography window in the image acquisition software to ensure that the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 is in the middle of the picture taken by the industrial camera 10 and the marking points are clearly identifiable; in the image acquisition software Set the photo size and photo interval; set the temperature acquisition interval in the temperature acquisition software; input the color value (RGB) of the marked point on the monitored sample 1 in the image reading program; set the two circuits controlled by it on the time relay 5 The power-on time of the power supply 4 makes the power supply 4 alternately supply power to the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 and the cooling fan 9 within a set time interval; the output voltage of the power supply 4 is set.
完成功能疲劳测试系统组装和软件及硬件参数设定后，打开供电电源4开关，启动数据采集和处理软件的开始程序；被监测形状记忆合金材料1会在通电过程中由于焦耳热效应而升温并在断电后由冷却风扇9降温从而产生交替的形状变化，位移计算程序会对工业照相机10所拍摄照片上的标记点进行RGB解析并计算出该标记点的位移；数据整合程序通过整合相同时刻的温度通道数据和位移通道数据得出温度-位移数值关系。After completing the assembly of the functional fatigue test system and the setting of software and hardware parameters, turn on the power supply 4 switch, and start the start program of the data acquisition and processing software; the monitored shape memory alloy material 1 will heat up due to the Joule heating effect during power-on After the power is turned off, the cooling fan 9 cools down to produce alternate shape changes. The displacement calculation program will perform RGB analysis on the marked points on the photos taken by the industrial camera 10 and calculate the displacement of the marked points; The temperature channel data and the displacement channel data yield a temperature-displacement numerical relationship.
需要指出的是，上面所述的供电电源、时间继电器、冷却风扇、工业照相机、照相机脚架、温度采集卡、计算机等可采用本领域普通技术人员已知的任何合适的型号。It should be pointed out that the power supply, time relay, cooling fan, industrial camera, camera tripod, temperature acquisition card, computer, etc. mentioned above can adopt any suitable model known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
另外，虽然上述实施例中，工业照相机所拍摄到的照片经由计算机处理而获得被监测样品上标记点的位移，但本领域的技术人员应理解，可通过对所拍摄到的一个或若干个照片进行人工处理和人工计算等其它方式来获得样品上的一个或若干个标记点的位移。In addition, although in the above-mentioned embodiment, the photos taken by the industrial camera are processed by computer to obtain the displacement of the marked points on the monitored sample, those skilled in the art should understand that one or several photos taken by Other methods such as manual processing and manual calculation are used to obtain the displacement of one or several marked points on the sample.
本发明通过上述测试系统获得了所述形状记忆合金材料在电流及焦耳热耦合作用下的位移和温度这两项重要数据，通过对获得的数据进行统计处理和量化分析即可实现对所述形状记忆材料在电-热耦合场下功能疲劳性能的表征。The present invention obtains the two important data of displacement and temperature of the shape memory alloy material under the coupling effect of electric current and Joule heat through the above-mentioned testing system, and can realize the analysis of the shape memory alloy by performing statistical processing and quantitative analysis on the obtained data. Characterization of functional fatigue performance of memory materials under coupled electric-thermal field.
在本发明的基础上或启发下，本领域技术人员可能对本发明做各种改动或修改，这些修改或改进及其实施方式同样也落于本申请所公开的原理范围之内和技术框架之下。Based on or inspired by the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these modifications or improvements and their implementation methods also fall within the scope of the principles disclosed in this application and under the technical framework .
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