CN106431555A - Method for preparing methane and organic compound fertilizer from plant straws - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing biogas and organic compound fertilizer from plant stalks. The method comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing the plant stalks with domesticated sludge and human and livestock manure for primary fermentation; after the primary fermentation is completed, the fermented biogas The slag is mixed with plant ash and bone meal, and plant straw is added for secondary composting fermentation; after the secondary composting fermentation is completed, the fermented product is sieved, and the sieved material and plant straw are mixed into the biogas residue for secondary composting fermentation. Carry out granulation, pack after drying. The method of the invention prepares biogas and organic compound fertilizer, can make full use of solid waste resources, has low utilization cost, quick effect, realizes complete recycling of solid waste, and has remarkable economic and environmental benefits.

Description

A method for preparing biogas and organic compound fertilizer from plant straw

technical field

The invention relates to a method for preparing biogas and organic compound fertilizer from plant stalks, and belongs to the technical field of solid resource utilization.

Background technique

In recent years, the incineration of plant straw has seriously polluted the air. If it is used as a resource, it will not only solve the problem of air pollution, but also be used as a resource to alleviate the problem of energy shortage. At present, there are three main uses of plant straw, one is to generate electricity as biomass energy, the other is to use heat energy as fuel, and the third is to prepare biogas and organic fertilizer as fermentation raw materials. In contrast, the preparation of biogas and organic fertilizer as fermentation raw materials is currently the highest level of resource utilization. It not only realizes the complete recycling of waste, but also does not produce secondary pollution, and has significant economic and environmental benefits.

The principle of preparing biogas and organic fertilizer from plant straw is firstly to prepare biogas by adding domesticated sludge for primary fermentation, and then add plant straw, plant ash and bone meal to the prepared biogas residue for secondary composting and fermentation to prepare organic fertilizer. Plant stalks do not need to be crushed, and a small amount of unfermented plant stalks are sieved and returned to the fertilizer fermentation tank. The method has the advantages of low cost, large biogas output, and high fertilizer efficiency of the prepared organic fertilizer.

The current patents for the preparation of biogas and organic fertilizer include: a method for rapidly fermenting livestock and poultry manure to produce organic fertilizer using a fermentation tunnel (201511030820.6), a method for preparing organic fertilizer from rabbit manure (201510959405.2), a method for preventing soil-borne diseases from earthworm manure in a vinegar tank Preparation method of slow-release granular organic fertilizer (201510951429.3), method of compounding organic fertilizer by using potato dregs and livestock and poultry manure (201510785700.0), device and method for producing bio-organic fertilizer by using manure in septic tank (201510766980.0), a method of using animal manure Process for producing organic fertilizer from gastrointestinal contents and manure (201510746406.9), a method for producing soluble organic fertilizer from manure and straw (201510707613.3), a fermentation system and method for producing organic fertilizer with high-moisture livestock and poultry manure (201510667261.3) , Fermentation of livestock and poultry manure to produce multi-element bio-organic fertilizer (201510462478.0), a method for the harmless production of organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure (201510344607.6), a method for preparing water-retaining bio-organic fertilizer by using high-water-content poultry and livestock manure (201510260833.6) , An organic fertilizer made by using animal manure and its preparation process (201510137802.1), a kind of organic fertilizer made by harmless treatment of mixed manure from pig manure and chicken manure (201410255921.2), a method of directly making fertilizer from straw and the prepared straw Organic fertilizer (201610131358.7), straw harmless conversion fertilizer making device (201520040808.2), a method of using plant straw to prepare water-soluble ecological organic Fertilizer system (201420044634.2), etc. However, due to one or more disadvantages of the above-mentioned patents, such as complex process, high cost, low technical level and easy generation of secondary pollution, the scope of application is greatly limited, the application effect is not obvious, and it is difficult to popularize.

Therefore, it will be of great significance to develop a simple, practical, operable, especially effective utilization of plant straw waste to realize the complete recycling of waste.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing biogas and organic compound fertilizer from plant straws, improve the resource utilization level of plant straws, and reduce the cost of preparing biogas and organic fertilizers.

The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way, a method for preparing biogas and organic compound fertilizer from plant straws, the method includes the following process: After the plant straws are pulverized, they are stirred and mixed with domesticated sludge and human and animal manure for primary fermentation; the primary fermentation is completed Finally, mix the fermented biogas residue with plant ash and bone meal, and at the same time add plant straw for secondary composting fermentation; after the secondary composting fermentation is completed, sieve the fermented product, and mix the sieved material and plant straw into the biogas residue for secondary composting. Composting and fermentation, granulation of undersieve, drying and packaging.

The length of the crushed plant straw is no more than 8cm; the sludge is sludge from a sewage treatment plant or sediment from rivers and lakes, and the heavy metal content of the sludge is required not to exceed the requirements of the current national standards, and the acclimation time is 7 to 10 cm. 14 days.

The biogas produced by the primary fermentation is purified and delivered to the user. The biogas purification method is to use saturated sodium carbonate solution or activated carbon; the mixture ratio of the primary fermentation raw materials is plant straw: sludge: human and animal manure = 0.45 ～0.65: 0.15～0.25: 0.15～0.45, the ratio is the ratio of dry materials; in the primary fermentation process, the biogas slurry is pumped out and recirculated back to the fermentation tank for hydraulic agitation, and the pump is started to circulate once a day. Turn on for 5-10 minutes each time.

The ratio of materials in the secondary composting fermentation is biogas residue: bone meal: plant ash: plant straw = 1: 0.07-0.15: 0.05-0.12: 0.45-0.55, the ratio is the ratio of dry materials; the first addition of plant straw is fresh The plant stalks of the sieve will be the mixture of the sieved material and the newly added fresh plant stalks in the future; a starter is added to the secondary composting fermentation mixture, and the amount of the starter is 100-200 g/ton. When adding the secondary composting fermentation mixture; the water content when the secondary composting fermentation mixture starts to ferment is controlled at 55% to 65%; the compost height is controlled at 0.6 to 1.0m in summer and 0.8 to 1.6m in winter; Cover with film or straw curtains. When the internal temperature rises to 25°C, uncover the cover. In summer, when the temperature rises above 45°C, turn over once, and in winter, turn once when the temperature rises above 55°C. Every time the temperature reaches above 60°C, the compost needs to be turned over; the number of effective viable bacteria in the starter is ≥20 billion/g.

The sieving uses a sieve with an aperture of 10-20 mm; the granulation and drying have a water content lower than 15%; and the packaging is sealed in a plastic bag.

The termination time of the primary fermentation is less than 40% of the maximum gas production, and the temperature of the primary fermentation is not lower than 15°C; the time of the secondary composting fermentation is 10 to 20 days, and the temperature is controlled to be above 70°C one day before the termination of the fermentation, and the time Not less than 3 hours.

The sodium carbonate solution or activated carbon of the purification treatment needs to be treated when the total absorption rate is lower than 70%; the sodium carbonate solution treatment method is to heat at a temperature of 50-80°C, and the heating time is 20-30 Minutes; the treatment method for activated carbon is to heat at a temperature of 80-100°C, and the heating time is 10-20 minutes.

The fresh plant stalks added in the secondary composting fermentation are rolled before adding, the rolling contact pressure is 100-200kPa, the thickness of the straw laying is 100-200mm, and the rolling is 3-5 times; after the fermentation is finished, the fermentation The temperature of the mixture is lower than 40°C, and the biological fertilizer can be prepared by adding Bacillus subtilis.

The positive effect of the invention is that the solid waste can be fully utilized and the complete recycling of the solid waste can be realized. The method is simple, low in cost, quick in effect and remarkable in economic and environmental benefits.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described

Example 1: Preparation of biogas and organic compound fertilizer with corn stalks

As shown in Figure 1, the process includes: after the corn stalks are pulverized, they are stirred and mixed with domesticated sludge and human and animal manure for primary fermentation; after the primary fermentation is completed, the fermented biogas residue is mixed with plant ash and bone meal, and corn stalks are added at the same time Carry out secondary composting fermentation; after the secondary composting fermentation is completed, the fermented product is sieved, and the sieved material and corn stalks are mixed and added to the biogas residue for secondary composting fermentation, and the sieved material is granulated, dried and packaged.

The length of the crushed and processed plant straw shall not exceed 8cm. The sludge shall be sludge from a sewage treatment plant, and the heavy metal content of the sludge shall not exceed the requirements of the current national standard, and the domestication time shall be 7 days.

The biogas produced by the primary fermentation is purified and delivered to the user. The biogas purification method is to use saturated sodium carbonate solution; the mixture ratio of primary fermentation raw materials is plant straw: sludge: human and animal manure = 0.45: 0.15: 0.40, the ratio is The proportion of dry materials; during a fermentation process, the biogas slurry is pumped through the pump and recirculated back to the fermentation tank to realize the stirring function. The pump cycle is started once a day, and each time it is turned on for 5 minutes.

The dry material ratio of the secondary composting fermentation mixture is biogas residue: bone meal: plant ash: plant straw = 1:0.07:0.05:0.45; the plant straw is added for the first time as fresh plant straw, and then it is the sieve and the newly added fresh plant A mixture of straw; a starter is added to the secondary composting fermentation mixture, and the amount of the starter is 200 grams per ton. By adding bone meal, it is added to the secondary composting fermentation mixture at the beginning of fermentation; the secondary composting fermentation mixture begins The water content during fermentation is controlled at 55% to 65%; the height of the compost in summer is 1.0m, and the height in winter is 1.6m; during fermentation, it is covered with a film. When the internal temperature rises to 25°C, the cover is uncovered, and the temperature When the temperature rises above 45°C, turn over once, and when the temperature rises above 55°C in winter, turn over once, and then turn over every time the temperature reaches above 60°C; the number of effective viable bacteria in the starter is ≥ 20 billion / gram, the leavening agent adopts the potent organic fertilizer starter produced by Shandong Gaolong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

The aperture of the sieve used for screening is 10-20mm, the water content after granulation and drying is lower than 15%, and the packaging is sealed in a plastic bag.

The termination time of the primary fermentation is less than 40% of the maximum gas production, and the temperature of the primary fermentation is not lower than 15°C; the time of the secondary composting fermentation is 20 days, and the temperature is controlled to be above 70°C the day before the termination of the fermentation, and the time is not less than 3 hours .

The purified sodium carbonate solution is processed when the total absorption rate is lower than 70%. The sodium carbonate solution is treated by heating at a temperature of 50-80° C. for 20 minutes.

The fresh plant straw added in the secondary composting fermentation should be rolled before adding, the rolling contact pressure is 100kPa, the straw laying thickness is 100mm, and rolled three times; after the fermentation, the temperature of the fermentation mixture is lower than 40°C, Bacillus subtilis can prepare biological fertilizer.

Embodiment 2: Prepare biogas and organic compound fertilizer with rice straw

As shown in Figure 1, biogas and organic fertilizers were prepared according to the technological process. The length of the plant straw after crushing and processing was not more than 8cm.

The biogas is purified by activated carbon, and the dry material ratio of the primary fermentation raw material mixture is plant straw: sludge: human and animal manure = 0.65: 0.15: 0.20. Start the pump cycle once a day for 10 minutes each time.

The dry material ratio of the mixture in the secondary composting fermentation is biogas residue: bone meal: plant ash: plant straw = 1: 0.15: 0.12: 0.55; the amount of starter in the secondary composting fermentation mixture is 100 g/ton. Add the secondary composting fermentation mixture at the beginning of fermentation; the water content of the secondary composting fermentation mixture is controlled at 55% to 65% at the beginning of fermentation; the compost height is controlled at 0.6m in summer and 0.8m in winter; straw mats are used for fermentation Covering, when the internal temperature rises to 25°C, uncover the cover, and start turning once when the temperature rises above 45°C in summer, and start turning once when the temperature rises above 55°C in winter, and then whenever the temperature reaches 60°C When the temperature is above ℃, it is necessary to turn the compost; the effective number of viable bacteria in the starter is ≥20 billion/g, and the starter is a powerful organic fertilizer starter produced by Shandong Gaolong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

The aperture of the sieve used for sieving is 10-20 mm. After granulation and drying, its water content is lower than 15%. The packaging is sealed in plastic bags.

The termination time of primary fermentation is less than 40% of the maximum gas production, and the temperature of primary fermentation is not lower than 15°C; the time of secondary composting fermentation is 10 days, and the temperature is controlled to be above 70°C the day before the termination of fermentation, and the time is not less than 3 hours .

The fresh plant straw added in the secondary composting fermentation should be rolled before adding, the rolling contact pressure is 200kPa, the straw laying thickness is 200mm, and the rolling is done 5 times.

The purified activated carbon is treated when the total absorption rate is lower than 70%. The activated carbon is treated by heating at a temperature of 80-100°C for 10 minutes.

The specific embodiments disclosed above have disclosed the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art, without departing from the design idea and scope of the present invention, the various changes carried out to the present invention, All should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the method that a kind of straw proposed by the invention prepares biogas and compoiste fertilizer, the method includes following mistake Journey：Straw stirs to mix and carries out one time fermentation with the mud of domestication and human and animal excreta after pulverizing；After the completion of one time fermentation, will The biogas residue of fermentation is mixed with plant ash and bone meal, is simultaneously introduced straw and carries out secondary compost fermentation；Secondary compost fermentation is complete After one-tenth, fermentate is sieved, carry out secondary compost fermentation in oversize and straw mixing addition biogas residue, screenings enters Row granulation, packs after drying.

2. straw according to claim 1 pulverizes the of length no more than 8cm after processing；Described mud adopts sewage The bed mud of the mud for the treatment of plant or rivers and lakes is it is desirable to sludge heavy-metal content is less than existing national standards requirement, during domestication Between be 7～14 days.

3. the biogas that one time fermentation according to claim 1 produces is conveyed to user, marsh gas purifying after carrying out purified treatment Processing method is the sodium carbonate liquor or activated carbon using saturation；The mixture ratio of described one time fermentation raw material is plant straw Stalk：Mud：Human and animal excreta=0.45～0.65：0.15～0.25：0.15～0.45, this ratio is the ratio of dry material；Described One time fermentation during, biogas slurry is taken using pumping, is recirculated back to flow to fermentation vat and carries out stirring of surging, start pump circulation daily Once, open 5～10 minutes every time.

4. in secondary compost fermentation according to claim 1, material ratio is biogas residue：Bone meal：Plant ash：Straw= 1：0.07～0.15：0.05～0.12：0.45～0.55, this ratio is the ratio of dry material；What straw added first is Fresh straw, later for the mixture of oversize and the new fresh plant stalk adding；Secondary compost fermentation mixture Middle addition leavening, the addition of leavening is 100～200 g ton, by adding in bone meal, adds two when fermentation starts In secondary compost fermentation mixture；Described secondary compost fermentation mixture starts water content control when fermenting 55%～65%； Compost height summer controls in 0.6～1.0m, and winter controls in 0.8～1.6m；Adopt film or straw screen or mat to cover during fermentation, treat interior When portion's temperature is raised to 25 DEG C, covering is opened, summer starts a turning, winter temperature liter when temperature is raised to more than 45 DEG C Start a turning during to more than 55 DEG C, turning need to be carried out later when temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C；Described leavening has Effect viable count >=20,000,000,000/gram.

5. screening according to claim 1, the aperture using screen cloth is 10～20mm；After described granulation drying, it contains The water yield is less than 15%；Packaging is using plastic bag sealing packaging.

6. the one time fermentation termination time according to claim 1 is less than the 40% of maximum gas production, one time fermentation temperature It is not less than 15 DEG C；The time of secondary compost fermentation is 10～20 days, and fermentation terminates the previous day control temperature and is more than 70 DEG C, and when Between be no less than 3 hours.

7. the sodium carbonate liquor of purified treatment according to claim 3 or activated carbon, when total absorptivity is less than 70%, needs Processed；It is to heat under the conditions of temperature is 50～80 DEG C to sodium carbonate liquor processing method, the heat time is 20～30 points Clock；Processing method to activated carbon is heating under 80～100 DEG C of temperature conditionss, and the heat time is 10～20 minutes.

8. the fresh plant stalk that the secondary compost fermentation according to claim 1 and 4 adds, is rolled before addition, Rolling contact is 100～200kPa, and stalk laying depth is 100～200mm, rolls 3～5 times；After fermentation ends, send out Ferment mixture temperature is less than 40 DEG C, adds bacillus subtilis can prepare bio-bacterial manure.