CN106428090A - Cutting extrusion type anti-creeping energy absorbing device - Google Patents
Cutting extrusion type anti-creeping energy absorbing device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
- B61F19/04—Bumpers or like collision guards
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种切削挤压式防爬吸能装置,属于轨道车辆被动安全技术领域,其结构为:包括安装板,安装板中心设置有导向杆孔、周围设置有用于连接车体的第一螺栓孔,安装板板面上还开有安装孔;安装孔上固定有法兰,法兰内孔为变径通孔,通孔直径是靠近安装板一侧小,靠近吸能管一侧大;法兰内孔设置有吸能管,吸能管沿其轴向开有导向槽;在法兰外围固定有若干车刀,车刀的刀头位于吸能管的导向槽内;设置有防爬器,防爬器内侧中心处固定有导向杆,导向杆插入导向杆孔。本发明装置在碰撞过程中阻抗力变化平缓,波动小,是一种比较理想的吸能装置。
The invention provides a cutting and extruding type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device, which belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle passive safety. One bolt hole, there is also a mounting hole on the surface of the mounting plate; a flange is fixed on the mounting hole, and the inner hole of the flange is a variable-diameter through hole. The diameter of the through hole is smaller near the mounting plate and larger near the energy-absorbing tube. The inner hole of the flange is provided with an energy-absorbing tube, and the energy-absorbing tube is provided with a guide groove along its axial direction; a number of turning tools are fixed on the periphery of the flange, and the cutting head of the turning tool is located in the guide groove of the energy-absorbing tube; an anti-climbing device is provided. A guide rod is fixed at the inner center of the anti-climber, and the guide rod is inserted into the guide rod hole. The resistance of the device of the invention changes smoothly and has little fluctuation during the collision process, and is an ideal energy-absorbing device.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于轨道车辆被动安全技术领域,具体涉及一种列车头部的切削挤压式防爬吸能装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle passive safety, and in particular relates to a cutting and extruding type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device for a train head.
背景技术Background technique
防爬吸能装置是列车被动安全技术领域的重要组成部分,能够大幅提高列车被动安全性能,其基本原理是车端的吸能元件在碰撞过程中发生不可逆的塑性变形或破坏来吸收碰撞能量。The anti-climbing energy-absorbing device is an important part of the train passive safety technology field, which can greatly improve the passive safety performance of the train. The basic principle is that the energy-absorbing element at the end of the train undergoes irreversible plastic deformation or destruction during the collision to absorb the collision energy.
吸能装置一般分为三类:一、基于折叠变形的折叠式吸能装置,是当前应用最多的吸能装置。在碰撞过程中,结构发生折叠塑性变形,以此减小车体的变形程度,吸收列车碰撞产生的能量。当结构发生弯曲塑性变形时,初始阶段其弯曲刚度较大,阻抗力在压缩过程中会逐渐增大。变形一定程度后,管壁塑性弯曲导致阻抗力急剧下降。达到稳定状态后,管壁其他位置继续发生弯曲变形,然后失稳,如此往复。因此折叠式吸能装置在吸能过程中的阻抗力波动较大,不够稳定,不利于乘客安全。二、基于蜂窝结构压溃的吸能块,在碰撞过程中逐步压溃蜂窝结构来吸收碰撞能量,该结构阻抗力变化较为平缓,但吸能容量通常比较小。三、基于金属切削的切削式吸能装置,由于金属破裂是一种不可逆的能量耗散过程,可以通过金属材料被切削时产生切屑的过程来吸能,切削力整体变化较为平稳,能够实现一定的吸能效果。Energy-absorbing devices are generally divided into three categories: 1. Folding-type energy-absorbing devices based on folding deformation are currently the most widely used energy-absorbing devices. During the collision process, the structure undergoes folding plastic deformation, so as to reduce the degree of deformation of the car body and absorb the energy generated by the train collision. When the structure undergoes bending plastic deformation, its bending stiffness is relatively large at the initial stage, and the resistance force will gradually increase during the compression process. After a certain degree of deformation, the plastic bending of the pipe wall leads to a sharp drop in resistance. After reaching a stable state, other parts of the pipe wall continue to bend and deform, and then lose stability, and so on. Therefore, the resistance of the folding energy-absorbing device fluctuates greatly during the energy-absorbing process, which is not stable enough, which is not conducive to the safety of passengers. 2. The energy-absorbing block based on the collapse of the honeycomb structure gradually crushes the honeycomb structure to absorb the collision energy during the collision process. The resistance of the structure changes relatively smoothly, but the energy-absorbing capacity is usually relatively small. 3. The cutting energy-absorbing device based on metal cutting. Since metal fracture is an irreversible energy dissipation process, it can absorb energy through the process of generating chips when the metal material is cut. The overall change of the cutting force is relatively stable, and a certain energy-absorbing effect.
根据仿真试验,折叠式吸能装置在发生变形时,其屈曲失稳会导致传递给车体的阻抗力波动较大。而通过压溃蜂窝结构来吸收能量时效率不高,对乘客的人身安全不利。According to the simulation test, when the folding energy-absorbing device deforms, its buckling instability will lead to large fluctuations in the resistance force transmitted to the vehicle body. It is not efficient to absorb energy by crushing the honeycomb structure, which is detrimental to the personal safety of passengers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种切削挤压式防爬吸能装置,有效地解决列车碰撞时阻抗力波动较大的问题,更稳定,且在相同行程内吸收更多的能量。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cutting and extruding anti-climbing energy-absorbing device, which can effectively solve the problem of large resistance fluctuations when a train collides, is more stable, and can absorb more energy within the same stroke.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种切削挤压式防爬吸能装置,其结构为:A cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device, the structure of which is:
包括安装板,所述安装板中心设置有导向杆孔、周围设置有用于连接车体的第一螺栓孔,安装板板面上还开有安装孔;所述安装孔上固定有法兰,所述法兰内孔为变径通孔,通孔直径是靠近安装板一侧小,靠近吸能管一侧大;法兰内孔设置有吸能管,所述吸能管沿其轴向开有导向槽;在法兰外围固定有若干车刀,所述车刀的刀头位于吸能管的导向槽内;设置有防爬器,所述防爬器内侧中心处固定有导向杆,所述导向杆插入导向杆孔。Including a mounting plate, the center of the mounting plate is provided with a guide rod hole, the surrounding is provided with a first bolt hole for connecting the car body, and there are mounting holes on the surface of the mounting plate; a flange is fixed on the mounting hole, and the The inner hole of the flange is a variable-diameter through hole, and the diameter of the through hole is smaller on the side close to the mounting plate and larger on the side close to the energy-absorbing tube; the inner hole of the flange is provided with an energy-absorbing tube, and the energy-absorbing tube is provided with a guide groove along its axial direction A number of turning tools are fixed on the periphery of the flange, and the cutter head of the turning tool is located in the guide groove of the energy-absorbing tube; an anti-climbing device is provided, and a guide rod is fixed at the center of the inner side of the anti-climbing device, and the guide rod is inserted into the guide rod hole.
进一步的,所述吸能管连接法兰的一端为变直径开口端,另一端为等外直径封闭端,变直径开口端具有均匀的壁厚,等直径封闭端的壁厚向内逐渐增加,呈内锥状。Further, one end of the connection flange of the energy-absorbing tube is an open end with a variable diameter, and the other end is a closed end with an equal outer diameter. conical.
进一步的,切削挤压式防爬吸能装置侧围还设置有防护罩,所述防护罩具有安装座的一端通过第一螺栓孔连接到安装板,另一端连接到防爬器。Further, the side wall of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device is also provided with a protective cover, and one end of the protective cover having the mounting seat is connected to the mounting plate through the first bolt hole, and the other end is connected to the anti-climbing device.
进一步的,所述车刀上开有第二螺栓孔,车刀与法兰通过螺栓固定。Further, the turning tool is provided with a second bolt hole, and the turning tool and the flange are fixed by bolts.
进一步的,所述安装孔及相配套的法兰、吸能管都为4个。Further, there are four mounting holes, matching flanges and energy-absorbing tubes.
进一步的,每个法兰上固定的车刀为3个。Further, there are three turning tools fixed on each flange.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明装置在碰撞过程中阻抗力变化平缓,波动小,是一种更为稳定并能在相同行程内吸收更多能量的变形模式。其切削深度、阻抗力、吸能行程与吸能管几何参数直接相关,吸能容量设计方便,是一种比较理想的吸能模式。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the resistance of the device of the present invention changes smoothly and has little fluctuation during the collision process, and is a deformation mode that is more stable and can absorb more energy in the same stroke. Its cutting depth, resistance, and energy-absorbing stroke are directly related to the geometric parameters of the energy-absorbing tube, and the design of the energy-absorbing capacity is convenient, which is an ideal energy-absorbing mode.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的三维视图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图2为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的内部三维视图之一。Fig. 2 is one of the internal three-dimensional views of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图3为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的内部三维视图之二。Fig. 3 is the second internal three-dimensional view of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图4为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的安装板示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图5为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的防护罩示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the protective cover of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图6为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的法兰和车刀示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the flange and turning tool of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图7为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置剖视图。Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图8为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的法兰剖视图。Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the flange of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图9为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的吸能管剖视图。Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the energy-absorbing tube of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图10为本发明切削挤压式防爬吸能装置的车刀示意图。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the turning tool of the cutting extrusion type anti-climbing energy-absorbing device of the present invention.
图中:1-安装板;2-防护罩;3-防爬器;4-第一螺栓孔;5-法兰;6-车刀;7-吸能管;8-安装孔;9-导向杆;10-导向杆孔;11-第二螺栓孔;12-导向槽。In the figure: 1-mounting plate; 2-protective cover; 3-anti-climber; 4-first bolt hole; 5-flange; 6-turning tool; 7-energy absorbing tube; 8-installation hole; 9-guide rod ; 10-guide rod hole; 11-second bolt hole; 12-guide groove.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明装置设有安装板1,安装板1与头车前端连接,其上布置有圆形安装孔8、导向杆孔10,以及用于连接车体和防护罩2的第一螺栓孔4。导向杆9焊接在防爬器3上,车刀6安装在法兰5上,车刀6上开有第二螺栓孔11,防护罩2一端设有安装座。吸能管7连接法兰5的一端为变直径的开口端,另一端为等外直径的封闭端,变直径端具有均匀的壁厚,等直径端的壁厚向内逐渐增加,呈内锥状。法兰5的外径设有台阶,内孔为变径通孔,该变径通孔与吸能管7开口端的外径过盈配合。导向杆9一端通过焊接方式固定在防爬器3上,另一端穿过安装板1的导向杆孔10。防护罩2具有安装座的一端通过第一螺栓孔4连接到安装板1,另一端焊接到防爬器3。车刀6通过螺栓固定在法兰5上。吸能管7的开口端通过法兰5与安装板1垂直固定安装。法兰5的一端嵌入安装孔8,法兰5外径的台阶端面通过焊接方式与安装板1相连接。The device of the present invention is provided with a mounting plate 1, the mounting plate 1 is connected with the front end of the head car, and a circular mounting hole 8, a guide rod hole 10, and a first bolt hole 4 for connecting the car body and the protective cover 2 are arranged on it. Guide rod 9 is welded on the anti-climber 3, turning tool 6 is installed on the flange 5, has second bolt hole 11 on the turning tool 6, and protective cover 2 one ends are provided with mount. One end of the energy-absorbing tube 7 connected to the flange 5 is an open end with a variable diameter, and the other end is a closed end with a constant outer diameter. The variable diameter end has a uniform wall thickness, and the wall thickness of the constant diameter end gradually increases inwards, showing an inner cone shape. The outer diameter of the flange 5 is provided with a step, and the inner hole is a variable-diameter through hole, and the variable-diameter through hole is in interference fit with the outer diameter of the opening end of the energy-absorbing tube 7 . One end of the guide rod 9 is fixed on the anti-climber 3 by welding, and the other end passes through the guide rod hole 10 of the mounting plate 1 . One end of the protective cover 2 with the mounting seat is connected to the mounting plate 1 through the first bolt hole 4 , and the other end is welded to the anti-climbing device 3 . Turning tool 6 is fixed on the flange 5 by bolts. The open end of the energy-absorbing tube 7 is vertically fixed and installed with the mounting plate 1 through the flange 5 . One end of the flange 5 is embedded in the mounting hole 8 , and the stepped end surface of the outer diameter of the flange 5 is connected to the mounting plate 1 by welding.
所述安装板1上共有四个安装孔8和一个导向杆孔10。车刀6上开有第二螺栓孔11,在单个法兰5上至少安装三个车刀6,且车刀6刀头位于吸能管7中间部位导向槽12内。There are four mounting holes 8 and one guide rod hole 10 on the mounting plate 1 . There are second bolt holes 11 on the turning tool 6 , at least three turning tools 6 are installed on a single flange 5 , and the heads of the turning tools 6 are located in the guide groove 12 at the middle part of the energy-absorbing tube 7 .
吸能管7中间部位均布有至少三个导向槽12,吸能管7等直径端壁厚逐渐增加,防止吸能管在被切削前就发生屈曲变形。防护罩2为薄壁结构,功能是防止异物进入装置内部并保护装置不被腐蚀,不参与吸收碰撞能量。At least three guide grooves 12 are evenly distributed in the middle of the energy-absorbing tube 7 , and the wall thickness of the equal-diameter end of the energy-absorbing tube 7 gradually increases to prevent buckling deformation of the energy-absorbing tube before being cut. The protective cover 2 is a thin-walled structure, and its function is to prevent foreign matter from entering the interior of the device and protect the device from corrosion, and does not participate in absorbing collision energy.
导向杆9的尺寸略小于安装板1的导向杆孔10。法兰5是圆形法兰。法兰5内部的变径通孔与吸能管7的开口端外径吻合,尺寸略小于吸能管7开口端外径。The size of the guide rod 9 is slightly smaller than the guide rod hole 10 of the mounting plate 1 . Flange 5 is a circular flange. The variable-diameter through hole inside the flange 5 coincides with the outer diameter of the opening end of the energy-absorbing tube 7 , and the size is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the opening end of the energy-absorbing tube 7 .
当碰撞发生后受到撞击力的作用,防爬器3在导向杆9的引导下平压吸能管7。车刀6在导向槽12的引导下沿轴向切削吸能管7的外径,形成具有一定深度的切槽并以此吸收碰撞产生的能量。与此同时,吸能管7的变直径端穿过连接法兰5的变径通孔,在连接法兰5的变径通孔以及切槽的诱导下发生挤压内变形来吸收碰撞能量。When the impact occurs, the anti-climber 3 presses the energy-absorbing tube 7 under the guidance of the guide rod 9 under the action of the impact force. The turning tool 6 axially cuts the outer diameter of the energy-absorbing tube 7 under the guidance of the guide groove 12 to form a groove with a certain depth to absorb the energy generated by the collision. At the same time, the variable-diameter end of the energy-absorbing tube 7 passes through the variable-diameter through-hole of the connecting flange 5 , and under the induction of the variable-diameter through-hole and the slot of the connecting flange 5 , extrusion internal deformation occurs to absorb the collision energy.
相比于折叠式吸能装置,本发明装置阻抗力变化平缓,变形模式较为稳定。车刀6切削吸能管7不仅能吸收更多的碰撞能量,而且切槽的存在使得吸能管更易于压溃变形。同时,由于吸能管7采用内锥形结构,使得碰撞能量的吸收变得柔缓可控,能最大程度降低碰撞吸能的峰值加速度,提升被动安全系数,保护司机和乘客的安全。Compared with the folding energy-absorbing device, the resistance of the device of the present invention changes smoothly, and the deformation mode is relatively stable. Cutting the energy-absorbing tube 7 by the turning tool 6 can not only absorb more collision energy, but also the existence of the cutting groove makes the energy-absorbing tube easier to crush and deform. At the same time, since the energy-absorbing tube 7 adopts an inner tapered structure, the absorption of collision energy becomes gentle and controllable, which can minimize the peak acceleration of collision energy absorption, improve the passive safety factor, and protect the safety of drivers and passengers.
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CN106956685A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-07-18 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of energy-absorbing anti-creep device |
CN108128346A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-06-08 | 厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司 | A kind of cutting energy absorber of car |
CN111071281A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-28 | 西南交通大学 | An anti-climbing energy-absorbing device for rail vehicles |
CN111232010A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device |
CN111806503A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 中南大学 | An expansion cutting type rail vehicle energy-absorbing anti-climbing device |
CN112706794A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-27 | 中南大学 | Multi-stage spiral cutting type structure design method for coupled crushing and energy-absorbing anti-climbing device |
CN112744253A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-04 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Energy-absorbing structure, pilot device, rail vehicle |
CN115158388A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-11 | 中南大学 | A retractable anti-deflection energy-absorbing anti-climbing device |
CN115782952A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-03-14 | 株洲国创轨道科技有限公司 | Combined energy-absorbing anti-climbing device |
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CN106956685A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-07-18 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of energy-absorbing anti-creep device |
CN108128346A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-06-08 | 厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司 | A kind of cutting energy absorber of car |
CN111071281A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-28 | 西南交通大学 | An anti-climbing energy-absorbing device for rail vehicles |
CN111232010A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Gradient strength buffering energy-absorbing device |
CN111806503A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 中南大学 | An expansion cutting type rail vehicle energy-absorbing anti-climbing device |
CN112706794A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-27 | 中南大学 | Multi-stage spiral cutting type structure design method for coupled crushing and energy-absorbing anti-climbing device |
CN112744253A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-04 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Energy-absorbing structure, pilot device, rail vehicle |
CN115158388A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-11 | 中南大学 | A retractable anti-deflection energy-absorbing anti-climbing device |
CN115158388B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2023-12-05 | 中南大学 | A retractable anti-deflection energy-absorbing and anti-climbing device |
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