CN106426909B - Quick-changing type multistation nozzle based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing - Google Patents

Abstract

Based on the quick-changing type multistation nozzle of low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, belong to tissue engineering technique and biological 3D printing field.The rapid translating that the present invention realizes nozzle between three stations using being mutually shifted between storage vat and confession/discharge tank, material storing is in storage vat under idle station, confession/discharge tank is entered by the aperture below confession/discharge tank during extrusion forming, printing shaping is completed by syringe needle, material enters storage vat by the aperture above confession/discharge tank under material feeding station, completes the quick supplement of material.The advantageous effect of patent of the present invention：The nozzle of the 3D printing of this type can aqueous solution to the utmost, colloid, the liquid substances such as slurry.Printer can be allowed to be switched fast between multiple storage vats, multiple stations, the composite printing for a variety of biomaterials provides possibility.

Description

Quick-change multi-station nozzle based on 3D printing of low-temperature colloidal biomaterials

technical field

The patent of the present invention relates to a pneumatically controlled quick-change for condensation extrusion molding of biomaterials suitable for the manufacture of biological tissues (collagen/nanocellulose composite materials for the preparation of skin scaffolds, jelly, which need to avoid contact with high temperatures during the preparation process) A multi-station 3D printing nozzle structure is used for printing cells and biological materials, and belongs to the field of tissue engineering technology and biological 3D printing.

Background technique

Human tissue and organ transplantation is an extremely effective treatment for patients with damaged large soft tissues and internal organs. However, due to the shortage of organ donor sources, immune rejection and many other problems, there are insurmountable difficulties in the actual application of organ transplantation. The proposal of tissue engineering provides a new way to solve the above problems. Tissue engineering is to attach living cells to biomaterial matrices or artificially prepared bioscaffolds by a certain method to construct functional tissue substitutes. By cultivating the constructed tissue substitutes and implanting them in the patient's body, replacing the original diseased tissues and organs to restore the original body function and realize the treatment of the patient. The current research and application of tissue engineered skin is an effective example of the good development prospects of tissue engineering.

Traditional tissue engineering research has been limited by cell implantation technology, that is, in the technical link of "implanting cells on the scaffold", it is impossible to accurately locate different types of biomass materials and cells to different positions inside the scaffold superior. In fact, with the development of tissue engineering research, research work has gradually extended to large soft tissues and internal organs. These tissues and organs often need to be composed of various cells and biological materials, and different cells or materials have their own spatial arrangement Therefore, the problems caused by the above-mentioned technical limitations are more prominent.

In recent years, the rapid development of 3D printing technology has opened up a new manufacturing mode for industrial manufacturing. The promotion of 3D printing technology has also obtained many new applications in the biological field, and technologies such as biomaterial printing and three-dimensional controlled organization of cells have also emerged as the times require. These technologies can operate on single cells or single-component micro-sized droplets, and precisely control the spatial position of the operating object, which is of great significance for the spatial position deposition of different cells and biomaterials in the process of building large tissues and organs. . Therefore, bioprinting technology is an inevitable trend in future tissue engineering research. If the problem of printing different materials in different temperature environments can be overcome, rapid prototyping of large tissues and organs can be achieved. In a typical bioprinter, the nozzle, material supply and storage device are the core performance of the printer.

The rotation-switching biological 3D printing nozzle researched by Zhejiang University for printing of multiple materials realizes the printing of multiple materials with a single nozzle. Composite printing of different materials still has difficulties.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D printing method based on low-temperature colloidal biomaterials for biomaterials that require condensation extrusion, especially composite materials such as collagen/nanofibers that can better ensure material performance at a temperature below 30°C. Quick-change multi-station nozzles. Through pneumatic extrusion, the extruded condensed material has good mechanical properties and structural characteristics, and at the same time, the nozzle is quickly adjusted through pneumatic control, so that it can quickly switch between the three stations of idle, extrusion, and injection, and realize a variety of materials. The composite printing improves the production efficiency and provides a reference for the design of such equipment in the future.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a quick-change multi-station nozzle based on 3D printing of low-temperature colloidal biological materials, which is characterized in that it includes a hollow storage tank with upper and lower seals, a supply/discharge tank, and a supply/discharge tank connected to the The needle at the lower end, the central position of the storage barrel is longitudinally provided with a cavity for installing the supply/discharge barrel, the supply/discharge barrel is inserted into the cavity and can move up and down, and the cavity wall of the cavity is in line with the supply/discharge The side wall of the material barrel is attached, and the needle is communicated with the inside of the supply/discharge barrel;

The upper part of the cavity wall and the lower part of the cavity wall of the storage barrel cavity are respectively provided with small holes, and the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the supply/discharge barrel are respectively provided with small holes, and the upper and lower parts of the supply/discharge barrel are respectively provided with small holes. The distance between the holes is smaller than the distance between the upper and lower holes of the storage tank;

The top of the storage tank is connected with an extruding device or a material injection device, and the extruding device includes an extruding upper cover, an extruding lower cover, and an extruding piston. The extruding piston is placed in the extruding lower cover, the extruding piston is connected and fixed with the top of the supply/discharge barrel, and the extruding lower cover is connected and fixed with the top of the storage barrel; the extruding upper cover is provided with different The air pressure valve port 1 and the air pressure valve port 2 of the air compressor, extruding the upper cover, extruding the lower cover, and extruding the piston form a closed cavity. The internal connection of the barrel;

The injection device includes an injection piston and an injection cover, the injection piston is placed in the injection cover, the injection piston is connected and fixed to the top of the supply/discharge barrel, and the injection cover is connected and fixed to the top of the storage barrel; The cover is provided with an air pressure valve port 3 connected to the air compressor and a hydraulic valve port connected to the injection hydraulic machine. The injection piston and the injection cover form a closed cavity, and the air pressure valve port 3 communicates with the closed cavity. The hydraulic valve The mouth is connected with the inside of the supply/discharge barrel;

When the nozzle is in the idle position: the upper and lower holes of the storage tank and the upper and lower holes of the supply/discharge tank are staggered from each other. At this time, the storage tank and the supply/discharge tank are two spaces separated from each other, and the materials cannot circulate;

When the nozzle is in the extruding position: connect the extruding device to the storage tank, the air pressure valve port 1 pushes the extrusion piston to move downward, so that the small hole in the lower part of the supply/discharge tank coincides with the small hole in the lower part of the storage tank. Air pressure valve port 2 enters the air into the storage tank to push the material in the storage tank into the supply/discharge tank through the lower hole, and enters the needle to complete printing;

When the nozzle is at the injection station: connect the injection device to the storage barrel, pump air through the air pressure valve port 3, and the injection piston rises together with the supply/discharge barrel, so that the small hole on the upper part of the supply/discharge barrel is in contact with the storage The small holes in the upper part of the barrel overlap, and the material enters the supply/discharge barrel through the hydraulic valve port, and enters the storage barrel through the small hole in the upper part of the supply/discharge barrel to complete the rapid replenishment of materials.

The storage barrel is made of polyethylene plastic material, and the lower part is a closed cone.

The supply/discharge barrel is made of metal material.

The diameter of the upper and lower holes of the cavity wall of the storage barrel is 3mm, and the hole distance is 30mm.

The diameter of the upper and lower holes on the side wall of the supply/discharge barrel is 3mm, and the hole distance is 20mm.

The storage barrel is connected with the extrusion device or the injection device through an electromagnetic relay.

The outer wall of the top of the storage barrel is provided with a flange, and an iron sheet is pasted on the flange to facilitate grasping by the electromagnetic relay.

The needle is threadedly connected to the lower end of the supply/discharge barrel.

The needles are injection needles or self-made needles.

The invention utilizes the mutual movement between the storage barrel and the supply/discharge barrel to realize the rapid switching of the nozzle between the three stations, the material is stored in the storage barrel at the idle station, and is passed through the supply/discharge barrel during extrusion molding The small hole below the discharge barrel enters the supply/discharge barrel, and the printing is completed through the needle. The material under the injection station enters the storage barrel through the small hole above the supply/discharge barrel to complete the rapid replenishment of materials. Through the connection between the supply/discharge barrel, the storage barrel, the extrusion device and the injection device through an electromagnetic relay, the rapid switching of different storage barrels can be realized, and the extrusion piston or injection piston can be controlled by a pneumatic valve, so that the supply can be quickly switched. / The position of the discharge barrel in the storage barrel to complete the quick switching of different stations. Only when the supply/discharge barrel is in the extrusion position, and the pneumatic valve port is opened, high pressure enters the storage barrel through the extrusion device, pushing the liquid material in the barrel to be sprayed out through the nozzle, when the air valve is closed, the gas in the nozzle is discharged Release to achieve air pressure balance and the nozzle stops ejecting gas.

Beneficial effects of the patent of the present invention: This type of 3D printing nozzle can be prepared for liquid substances such as aqueous solution, colloid, and slurry. It allows the printer to quickly switch between multiple storage tanks and multiple stations, providing the possibility for composite printing of various biological materials.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 (a), (b), (c) are the structural diagrams of the present invention under the idle station, extrusion station and injection station respectively;

Figure 2 (a), (b), (c) is the front view of the present invention under the idle station, extrusion station and injection station respectively;

Figure 3 (a), (b), (c) is the top view of the present invention under the idle station, extrusion station and injection station respectively;

Figure 4 (a), (b) and (c) are schematic diagrams of the extrusion molding unit in the idle station, extrusion station and injection station of the present invention respectively;

In the figure: 1 storage barrel, 2 supply/discharge barrel, 3 needle head, 4 extrusion upper cover, 5 extrusion lower cover, 6 extrusion piston, 7 electromagnetic relay, 8 injection piston, 9 injection cover, 10 Air pressure valve ports 1, 11 Air pressure valve ports 2, 12 Air pressure valve ports 3, 13 Hydraulic valve ports.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the patent of the present invention is further described:

As shown in Figure 4, the quick-change multi-station nozzle based on 3D printing of low-temperature colloidal biomaterials, under the idle station, the small holes on the storage tank 1 and the supply/discharge tank 2 are staggered from each other. Barrel 1 and supply/discharge barrel 2 are two spaces separated from each other, and the logistics cannot be circulated. Before starting the printing work, multiple storage barrels can be prepared, and various biological materials can be prepared in the barrel, and according to the physical properties of the biological materials , Chemical properties are equipped with different needles. Under the extrusion station, the extrusion piston 6 and the supply/discharge barrel 2 are fixed, the extrusion lower cover 5 and the storage barrel 1 are fixed, and the air pressure valve port 1 and the air pressure valve port 2 are respectively connected to an air pressure input pipe. Storage tank 1 flows into supply/discharge tank 2. Under the injection station, the injection piston 8 is fixed to the supply/discharge barrel 2, the injection cover 9 is fixed to the storage barrel 1, the air pressure valve port 3 is connected to the air pressure input pipe, and the hydraulic valve port is connected to the injection pipe for material discharge. injection.

The thread that the needle 3 adopts is connected to the supply/discharge barrel 2, and what adopts is an injection needle, and the needle can also be self-made. The storage barrel 1 is made of polyethylene plastic material, the lower part is a closed cone, and the upper and lower parts of the inner wall (cavity wall) are respectively opened with small holes. The upper and lower hole diameters are 3mm, and the hole distance is 30mm. sheet, which is convenient for the electromagnetic relay 7 to grab. The supply/discharge barrel 2 is made of metal material, and the lower end can be threadedly connected to the needle 3. The upper and lower parts of the side wall of the supply/discharge barrel 2 are respectively provided with small holes, the upper and lower hole diameters are 3mm, and the hole distance is 20mm.

The supply/discharge barrel 2 is installed in the hollow of the storage barrel 1, the supply/discharge barrel 2 can move in the hollow inside the storage barrel 1, and the extrusion upper cover 4, the extrusion lower cover 5, and the extrusion piston 6 constitute The airtight cavity is connected to the air compressor through the air pressure valve port 1, the upper cover is extruded, the lower cover 5 is extruded, and the storage tank 1 forms an airtight cavity, and the air compressor is connected through the air pressure valve port 2. When the extruding work starts, push the extruding piston 6 through the air pressure valve port 1, adjust the nozzle to the extruding station, and compress the air in the storage barrel 1 through the air pressure valve port 2 to complete the extrusion.

The injection piston 8 and the injection cover 9 form a closed cavity, and the air pressure machine is connected through the air pressure valve port 3. Material hydraulic press. When the material injection work starts, air is pumped through the air pressure valve port 3, the nozzle is adjusted to the material injection station, and materials are injected into the material storage tank 1 through the hydraulic valve port.

The working principle of extrusion is: before extrusion, air pressure valve port 1 and air pressure valve port 2 are respectively connected to different air compression devices through air pipes, the air compressor provides gas pressure, and the pressure is controlled by the pressure gauge to determine the material extrusion. output rate. After the extrusion lower cover 5 and the storage barrel 1 are connected through the electromagnetic relay, the gas enters the cavity between the extrusion upper cover 4, the extrusion lower cover 5 and the extrusion piston 6 through the air pressure valve port 1, and pushes the extrusion piston 6 Move downwards to push the supply/discharge barrel 2 down to the extruding station (that is, the small hole in the lower part of the supply/discharge barrel coincides with the small hole in the lower part of the storage barrel). The air compressor starts to input pressure to the storage barrel through the air pressure valve port 2, and pushes the material in the barrel to flow into the supply/discharge barrel 2 through the small hole below, and enters the needle to complete printing.

The working principle of material injection is: before material injection, the air pressure valve port 3 is connected to the air compressor, the hydraulic valve port is used to inject material, the material injection piston 8 grabs the supply/discharge barrel 2 through the electromagnetic relay, and the air compressor passes the air pressure The valve port 3 extracts air, so that the injection piston 8 and the supply/discharge barrel 2 rise to the injection station (that is, the upper small hole of the supply/discharge barrel coincides with the upper small hole of the storage barrel). The material enters the supply/discharge barrel 2 through the hydraulic valve port, and enters the storage barrel 1 through the small hole above the supply/discharge barrel 2 to complete the rapid replenishment of the material.

The patent of the present invention discloses a quick-change multi-station 3D printing nozzle structure suitable for extrusion molding of colloidal biological materials with low working temperature. The extrusion/control unit includes the storage barrel shown , supply/discharge barrel, needle, extrusion upper cover, extrusion lower cover, extrusion piston, injection cover, injection piston, supply/discharge barrel is installed in the hollow of the storage barrel, and the needle is fixed on the supply/exit Below the bucket. When extruding, squeeze the upper cover, squeeze the lower cover, and squeeze the piston to form the extrusion device. The storage barrel is grabbed by the electromagnetic relay, and the position of the supply/discharge barrel is adjusted by the extrusion piston. The valve body controls the extrusion. The ejection velocity of the material. During injection, the injection cover is connected to the material storage barrel, the injection piston grabs the supply/discharge barrel through the electromagnetic relay and adjusts its position, and the hydraulic valve controls the replenishment of raw materials.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of quick-changing type multistation nozzle based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, it is characterized in that, including upper lower sealing Hollow storage vat (1), for/discharge tank (2), be connected to the syringe needle (3) of confession/discharge tank lower end, the storage vat center Longitudinal direction is equipped with the cavity of installation confession/discharge tank, is inserted into the cavity for/discharge tank, and can move up and down, and the cavity wall of cavity with It is bonded for the side wall of/discharge tank, is communicated inside the syringe needle and confession/discharge tank；

Cavity wall top, the cavity wall lower part of the storage vat cavity are respectively equipped with aperture, the top of the confession/discharge tank side wall, under Portion is also respectively equipped with aperture, is less than the upper and lower hole pitch-row of storage vat for the upper and lower hole pitch-row of/discharge tank；

Pressurizing unit or material injecting device are connected at the top of the storage vat, the pressurizing unit includes squeezing under upper cover (4), extruding (5), extrusion piston (6) are covered, squeezes upper cover gland tops under annular extrusion, extrusion piston, which is placed in, to be squeezed in lower cover, described Extrusion piston connects fixation with confession/discharge tank top, squeezes lower cover and connects fixation with storage vat top；It is set at the extruding upper cover Have and be connected to the Pneumatic valve mouth one of different air compressors and Pneumatic valve mouth two, squeeze upper cover, extruding lower cover, extrusion piston and enclose structure Into airtight cavity, Pneumatic valve mouth one and the airtight cavity unicom, Pneumatic valve mouth two and unicom inside storage vat；

The material injecting device includes material feeding piston (8), material feeding lid (9), and material feeding piston is placed in material feeding lid, and material feeding piston and confession/ Connection is fixed at the top of discharge tank, and material feeding lid connects fixation with storage vat top；It is equipped at material feeding lid and is connected to air compressor Pneumatic valve mouth three and the hydraulic pressure valve port being connect with material feeding hydraulic press, material feeding piston, material feeding lid form airtight cavity, Pneumatic valve mouth Three with the airtight cavity unicom, unicom inside hydraulic pressure valve port and confession/discharge tank；

When nozzle is in idle station：The upper lower opening of storage vat and the upper lower opening of confession/discharge tank mutually stagger, at this time storage vat and It is two spaces spaced apart from each other for/discharge tank, material can not circulate；

When nozzle is in extrusion position：Pressurizing unit is connect with storage vat, one air inlet of Pneumatic valve mouth pushes extrusion piston downward Movement makes to overlap with storage vat lower part aperture for/discharge tank lower part aperture, and two air inlet of Pneumatic valve mouth inputs pressure into storage vat Power pushes the material in storage vat to be flowed into confession/discharge tank through lower part aperture, completes to print into syringe needle；

When nozzle is in material feeding station：Material injecting device with storage vat is connect, is evacuated by Pneumatic valve mouth three, material feeding piston with Rise together for/discharge tank, make to overlap with storage vat top aperture for/discharge tank top aperture, material by hydraulic pressure valve port into Enter confession/discharge tank, and enter storage vat via confession/discharge tank top aperture, complete the quick supplement of material.

2. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle according to claim 1 based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, feature It is that the storage vat is vinyon material, lower part is closed tapered.

3. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle according to claim 1 based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, feature It is that the confession/discharge tank is made of metal material.

4. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle according to claim 1 based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, feature It is that the upper and lower hole aperture of the storage vat cavity cavity wall is 3mm, pitch-row 30mm.

5. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle according to claim 4 based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, feature It is that the upper and lower hole aperture of the confession/discharge tank side wall is 3mm, pitch-row 20mm.

6. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle according to claim 1 based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, feature It is that the storage vat is connect with pressurizing unit or material injecting device by electromagnetic relay (7).

7. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle according to claim 6 based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, feature It is that the storage vat top exterior walls are equipped with flange, post iron plate at the flange, are captured convenient for electromagnetic relay.

8. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle according to claim 1 based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing, feature It is that the syringe needle uses and is threadedly coupled to confession/discharge tank lower end.

9. the quick-changing type multistation nozzle based on low temperature glue biomaterial 3D printing according to claim 1 or 8, special Sign is that the syringe needle is injection needle.