CN106414463B - 硅烷改性的甲酰胺 - Google Patents
硅烷改性的甲酰胺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106414463B CN106414463B CN201580006521.0A CN201580006521A CN106414463B CN 106414463 B CN106414463 B CN 106414463B CN 201580006521 A CN201580006521 A CN 201580006521A CN 106414463 B CN106414463 B CN 106414463B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compound
- silane
- modified
- compound according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 83
- -1 coatings Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013466 adhesive and sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000003948 formamides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 8
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003707 silyl modified polymer Substances 0.000 description 7
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical class OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JDIBGQFKXXXXPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(3+) Chemical compound [Bi+3] JDIBGQFKXXXXPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004432 silane-modified polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XGINAUQXFXVBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine Chemical compound N1CC=CN2CCCC21 XGINAUQXFXVBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]CCCC AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FKYZKSCWBQYDSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)formamide Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC=O FKYZKSCWBQYDSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004819 silanols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol Chemical class OCCC(O)CO ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OHLKMGYGBHFODF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=C(CN=C=O)C=C1 OHLKMGYGBHFODF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBAMNGURPMUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound C1CC(O)CCC1C(C)(C)C1CCC(O)CC1 CDBAMNGURPMUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical group NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YCZJVRCZIPDYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditridecyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCZJVRCZIPDYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical class [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CITILBVTAYEWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F CITILBVTAYEWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXRJVFMLTANNEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,1-diethoxy-2-phenylpropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C(OCC)OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 RXRJVFMLTANNEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)(C)CO SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TYKCBTYOMAUNLH-MTOQALJVSA-J (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O TYKCBTYOMAUNLH-MTOQALJVSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,10-diisocyanatodecane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFNDFCFPJQPVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,12-diisocyanatododecane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O GFNDFCFPJQPVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYNDYAQJODYUGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9-octahydropyrido[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine Chemical compound C1NCCCN2CCCC=C21 HYNDYAQJODYUGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQERLIOIVXPZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trioxane Chemical compound C1COOCO1 FQERLIOIVXPZKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-Hexanetriol Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWCSPCQIKVVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1(N(C=CC=C1)C)C XNWCSPCQIKVVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCQPNTOQFPJCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)NCCCN(C)C FCQPNTOQFPJCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHTRJOZKRSVAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1C(N=C=O)CCCC1N=C=O OHTRJOZKRSVAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHXFIXHOZZSLOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazin-2-amine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C(N)C1 ZHXFIXHOZZSLOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-non-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCN=C2CCCN21 SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUPKOUOXSNGVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diisocyanatooctane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCN=C=O QUPKOUOXSNGVLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWWZJYWZVANTKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-dimethylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O OWWZJYWZVANTKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXFVIWBTKYFOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,3-n,3-n-tetramethylbutane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)CCN(C)C AXFVIWBTKYFOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVFRFSNPBJUQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCC1=C(O)C=CC(O)=C1CCO CVFRFSNPBJUQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZDIRINETBAVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1N=C=O VZDIRINETBAVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(CC)CO RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CC)(CO)CO WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTPYFJNYAMXZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 WTPYFJNYAMXZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[bis(2,4-dioxopentan-3-yl)alumanyl]pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)[Al](C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O)C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCN HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCN ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAJQHVXJHMLGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-hydroxypropoxy)butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCCCOCCC(O)CO DAJQHVXJHMLGSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUKYPUAOHBNCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminopyridine Chemical compound NC1=CC=NC=C1 NUKYPUAOHBNCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexylmorpholine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N1CCOCC1 BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical compound CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMWINYFJZCARON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-(4-iodophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine Chemical compound C=1N2N=C(Cl)C=CC2=NC=1C1=CC=C(I)C=C1 CMWINYFJZCARON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZHESOIPTRUDICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC.N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC.N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O ZHESOIPTRUDICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWAADBZWQGAKMD-UHFFFAOYSA-K Cl[Zn](Cl)Cl Chemical compound Cl[Zn](Cl)Cl RWAADBZWQGAKMD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100035474 DNA polymerase kappa Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710108091 DNA polymerase kappa Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004890 Hydrophobing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical group CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007945 N-acyl ureas Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CVGYTOLNWAMTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCC(C)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCC(C)C(C)(C)C CVGYTOLNWAMTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTDWCIXOEPQECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCC(C)(C)C Chemical compound N=C=O.N=C=O.CCCCCC(C)(C)C JTDWCIXOEPQECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenethylamine Natural products NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007551 Shore hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQEIPKSTLDOYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn+3] Chemical compound [Zn+3] IQEIPKSTLDOYQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RBGLVWCAGPITBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F RBGLVWCAGPITBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001717 carbocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005392 carboxamide group Chemical group NC(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC1CC(O)CC(O)C1 FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVQGTNFYPJQJNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N)C1CCCCC1 QVQGTNFYPJQJNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethyl maleate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940012017 ethylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHIBEGOZTWERHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)O MHIBEGOZTWERHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006838 isophorone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRKVIJXWFGFHDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,4-trimethylpiperazin-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)N1CCN(C)CC1 DRKVIJXWFGFHDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCCCN(C)C TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltriethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003493 octyltriethoxysilane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011197 physicochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- RLJWTAURUFQFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O RLJWTAURUFQFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylsilane Chemical class S[SiH3] TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraisopropyl titanate Substances CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005628 tolylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVYUZIFSCKIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC(C)C)(OCC)OCC ALVYUZIFSCKIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113165 trimethylolpropane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1888—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of other Si-linkages, e.g. Si-N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/288—Compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen
- C08G18/289—Compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08G18/6216—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or of derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/71—Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates
- C08G18/718—Monoisocyanates or monoisothiocyanates containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
- C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
- C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
- C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
- C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
- C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/16—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J183/00—Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J183/16—Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及新型的硅烷改性甲酰胺和/或预聚物,其用于胶粘和/或密封各种基底材料,如金属、木材、玻璃和/或塑料。此外提供包含本发明的硅烷改性甲酰胺和/或预聚物的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系。
Description
本发明的技术领域
本发明涉及用于涂覆、胶粘和/或密封各种基底材料,例如金属、木材、玻璃和/或塑料的式(I)的新型的硅烷改性的甲酰胺。另外提供包含根据本发明的式(I)的硅烷改性甲酰胺的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系。
根据本发明的式(I)的硅烷改性甲酰胺可进一步用作制备同样适合例如涂覆、胶粘和/或密封各种基底材料的式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物和聚合物的原材料。
发明背景
硅烷改性的聚合物多年来已广为人知,并且基于硅烷改性预聚物或聚合物的密封剂或胶粘剂已证实成功用于非常广泛的用途,例如汽车构造、窗户或建筑立面中的接缝密封。
非常通常,硅烷改性聚合物(其在加工前为预聚物形式)被理解为是包含具有可水解基团的硅烷基团的聚合物且其聚合物骨架不是像硅酮那样基本由O-Si-O-Si链构成而是由在大多数情况下被杂原子中断并包含氨基甲酸酯、醚、酯、脲、酰胺和其它结构单元的C-C链构成。在水分的作用下,硅烷基团上的基团——例如通常乙酸酯基团或烷氧基——水解以形成反应性硅烷醇,其随后缩合并固化并裂解出水、醇或乙酸,以形成高分子量网络。
这些硅烷改性聚合物的价值主要是它们的特定性质状况。这是因为,一方面,包含硅烷改性聚合物的涂料、胶粘剂或密封剂以在没有复杂预处理(不需要底漆)下与非常多样化的基底的强粘附力为特征。这是因为在无机基底表面上通常存在OH基团,其能与在水分作用下形成的该聚合物的反应性硅烷醇反应。另一方面,可借助聚合物骨架使该硅烷改性聚合物的性质适应大量极为不同的用途。
目前市场上可购得的硅烷改性聚氨酯和聚脲因此基于如下列图式中所示(i) 通过含NCO的预聚物与氨基硅烷的反应或(ii) 通过OH封端的预聚物,例如聚醚、聚氨酯或聚酯与NCO官能的硅烷的反应制成的高分子量骨架:
但是,基于硅烷改性聚脲的涂料、胶粘剂和密封剂的缺点是它们的预聚物的高粘度。由于高粘度,只能在有限程度上使用硅烷改性聚脲,因为所用涂料或密封剂通常必须以液态至糊态施涂到要涂覆或胶粘的基底部件上。太粘的预聚物因此难以或不可能用作涂料、胶粘剂和/或密封剂。
此外,作为硅烷交联后的最终产物的所得涂层、胶粘点和/或封口的硬度对各自的用途至关重要。在硅烷改性聚脲的情况下,通常存在具有高硬度的最终产物。相反,硅烷改性聚氨酯在固化后提供较软的最终产物。但是,由于相对昂贵的NCO官能化硅烷前体,具有高硅烷含量的硅烷改性聚氨酯的合成难以经济地进行。
硅烷改性聚合物中的单体NCO含量另外在这方面起到重要作用:由于异氰酸酯的不可忽略的蒸气压(甚至在室温下),在喷雾施涂过程中就会形成可能对健康有害或至少致敏的异氰酸酯蒸气。因此,基本不含异氰酸酯单体并在任何情况下都低于0.018 mg/m3 NCO的根据危险物质的技术规定 (TRGS) 430(版本3/2009)的暴露限值(总反应性异氰酸酯基团浓度TRIG),优选低于0.01 mg/m3,特别优选低于0.001 mg/m3的反应性预聚物的研发是希望的。
发明目的
本发明的目的因此是提供由便宜易得的原材料制成的改进的反应性单组分胶粘剂和/或涂料体系,所述体系尽可能对健康无害并基本避免已知硅烷改性聚合物的上述问题。
特别提供由于较低粘度和较低结晶度而在操作上更简单并同时实现最终产物的高化学稳定性的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系。还力求的是可廉价制备并具有性质,特别例如固化度和化学稳定性的有利平衡的聚合最终产物。
发明概述
本发明涉及根据专利权利要求1的式(I)的化合物,其适合作为用于各种基底材料,例如金属、木材、玻璃和/或塑料的改进的涂覆、胶粘和/或密封的单组分胶粘剂体系/涂料体系。
式(I)的化合物还可根据本发明用于提供式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物,其同样可用作用于各种基底材料,例如金属、木材、玻璃和/或塑料的改进的涂覆、胶粘和/或密封的单组分胶粘剂体系/涂料体系。
在最终固化状态下,本发明提供作为永久涂料、胶粘剂和/或密封剂的经–Si-O-Si-桥缩合的聚合物。
本发明还提供用于制备式(I)的化合物和式(IV)的预聚物的方法。
发明详述
根据本发明,提供式(I)的化合物:
其中在式(I)中:
X代表具有1至40个碳原子的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族、杂环和/或芳族结构单元,其中一个或多个不相邻亚甲基可各自被O或S替代;或X代表-H或–NCO;
R代表具有1至40个碳原子的至少二价的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族结构单元,其中一个或多个不相邻亚甲基可各自被O或S替代;
R1代表具有1至12个碳原子的至少二价的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族结构单元,其中一个或多个不相邻亚甲基可各自被O或S替代;
R2和R3各自彼此独立地代表具有1至12个碳原子的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族基团;且
n代表0至2的整数。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,因此提供式(I)的化合物。
在根据本发明的另一实施方案中,提供式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物:
其中R、R1、R2、R3和n具有上文给出的含义,Y是具有1至40个碳原子的m价的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族、杂环和/或芳族结构单元或是多元醇或聚氨酯-、聚脲-、聚酯-、聚醚-、聚碳酸酯-、聚缩醛-、聚丙烯酸酯-、聚酯酰胺-或聚硫醚多元醇减去m个OH基团的结构单元且m是1至10的数值,其中在这种情况下m也可以是分数,例如当Y是具有2.4的平均OH基团含量的聚丙烯酸酯时。
在根据本发明的另一实施方案中,提供用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法,其包括使式(Ia)的硅烷改性甲酰胺与式(Ib)的异氰酸酯反应:
其中基团X、R、R1、R2、R3和n如权利要求1中所定义。
在根据本发明的另一实施方案中,公开了用于制备式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物的方法(A):
其中变量如对式(I)所定义。
在根据本发明的另一实施方案中,提供包含至少一种式(I)的化合物和/或至少一种式(IV)的化合物的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系或涂料体系。
根据本发明,式(I)的化合物和/或式(IV)的化合物用于制造胶粘剂和密封剂、漆料、涂料、浆料(Schlichten)、油墨和/或印刷油墨。
在根据本发明的另一实施方案中,描述了根据本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系或涂料体系用于涂覆、胶粘和/或密封金属、木材、木基材料(Holzwerkstoff)、玻璃、皮革、织物、塑料、矿物材料、软木、纤维、混凝土、纸、纸板和薄膜的用途。
根据本发明另外公开了通过本发明的单组分胶粘剂体系接合的复合体。
定义
本文所用的术语“脂环族”是指不属于芳族化合物的碳环或杂环化合物,例如环烷、环烯或氧杂-、硫杂-、氮杂-或硫氮杂(Thiaza)-环烷。其具体实例是环己基、环戊基及其被一个或两个N或O原子中断的衍生物,例如嘧啶、吡嗪、四氢吡喃或四氢呋喃。
本文所用的术语“芳脂族”是指被芳基取代的烷基,例如苄基、苯基乙基、联苯基等。
本申请中所用的术语“任选取代的”或“取代的”特别是指相关结构单元被-F、-Cl、-I、-Br、-OH、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-O-正丙基或–O-异丙基、-OCF3、-CF3、-S-C1-6-烷基和/或另一任选经杂原子键合的具有1至12个碳原子的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族结构单元取代。其优选是指被卤素(特别是-F、-Cl)、C1-6-烷氧基(特别是甲氧基和乙氧基)、羟基、三氟甲基和三氟甲氧基取代。
本申请中所用的术语“低分子量”是指分子质量不超过大约800 g·mol-1的化合物。
本申请中所用的术语“高分子量”是指分子质量超过大约800 g·mol-1的化合物。
在分子质量不遵循确切定义的结构式的化合物的情况下,例如在聚合物的情况下,分子质量在每种情况下被理解为是数均分子量。
本申请中所用的术语“单体”是指参与低聚物和/或(预)聚合物的构成并具有特定摩尔质量的含官能团的低分子量化合物。
本申请中所用的术语“低聚物”是指其中只有少数具有相同或不同类型的单体重复相互键合的化合物。
本申请中所用的术语“预聚物”是指参与聚合物的最终构成的含官能团的低聚化合物。
本申请中所用的术语“聚合物”是指其中具有相同或不同类型的单体、低聚物和/或预聚物重复相互键合并且在聚合度、摩尔质量分布或链长方面可不同的高分子量化合物。
根据本发明的实施方案
下面详细描述根据本发明的实施方案。
式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物
在一个实施方案中,提供通式(I)的化合物:
其中在式(I)中:
X代表氢、-NCO或具有1至40个碳原子的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族、杂环和/或芳族结构单元,其中一个或多个不相邻亚甲基可各自被O或S替代;
R代表具有1至40个碳原子的至少二价的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族结构单元,其中一个或多个不相邻亚甲基可各自被O或S替代;
R1代表具有1至12个碳原子的至少二价的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族结构单元,其中一个或多个不相邻亚甲基可各自被O或S替代;
R2和R3各自彼此独立地代表具有1至12个碳原子的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族基团;且
n代表0至2的整数。
在一个优选实施方案中,提供式(II)的化合物:
其中R、R1、R2、R3和n如对式(I)所定义。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,提供式(III)的化合物:
其中R、R1、R2、R3和n如对式(I)所定义。
式(I)、(II)和(III)中的优选取代基含义
优选提供式(I)、(II)和/或(III)的化合物,其中在每种情况下:
R代表亚甲基(-CH2-)、亚乙基(-CH2CH2-)、亚丙基(-CH2CH2CH2-)、亚异佛尔酮基(Isophorylene)、4,4'-二环己基亚甲基、双(亚环己基)、4,4'-亚联苯基、邻-、间-或对-亚甲苯基或亚己基(特别是-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-),特别优选亚正己基;
R1代表亚甲基(-CH2-)或亚丙基(特别是亚正丙基-CH2CH2CH2-),特别优选亚正丙基;
R2和R3各自彼此独立地代表甲基或乙基,优选乙基;且
n代表0至2的整数。
特别优选提供式(I)、(II)和/或(III)的化合物,其中在每种情况下:
R代表亚异佛尔酮基、4,4'-二环己基亚甲基、双(亚环己基)、亚联苯基、亚甲苯基或亚正己基;
R1代表亚正丙基;
R2和R3各自彼此独立地代表甲基或乙基;且
n代表0至2的整数。
最特别优选提供式(III)的化合物,其中R是亚异佛尔酮基、亚甲苯基或亚正己基,R1是亚正丙基,R2和R3是甲基且n = 0。
根据本发明的式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物本身适合作为涂料或胶粘剂和/或密封剂的低分子量粘合剂。或者,根据本发明的式(III)的化合物可用于制备更高分子量预聚物或聚合物,其又适合作为涂料或胶粘剂和/或密封剂的粘合剂。
根据本发明的式(I)的化合物具有100至10000 mPa·s,优选100至7000 mPa·s,特别优选100至5000 mPa·s的粘度(在23℃下,根据DIN EN ISO 3219使用来自Anton PaarGermany GmbH (DE)的Physica MCR 51流变仪测量)。
根据本发明的式(I)的化合物按它们的粘度分类为硅烷改性聚脲和硅烷改性聚氨酯,以致通过本发明的化合物实现与硅烷改性聚脲相比成本有利的粘度优化。
制备本发明化合物的方法
根据本发明的式(I)的化合物可通过下列两步法制备,其中基团X、R、R1、R2、R3和n如对式(I)所定义且R'优选代表具有1至4个碳原子的烷基:
优选首先将过量甲酸烷基酯R'O-CHO逐滴添加到胺H2N-R1-Si(R2)n(OR3)3-n中,其中R'优选代表具有1至4个碳原子的烷基。甲酸甲酯或甲酸乙酯特别优选作为甲酸烷基酯R'O-CHO。优选使1摩尔胺与1.01至6摩尔,特别优选1.05至4摩尔的过量甲酸烷基酯R'O-CHO在该甲酸烷基酯的沸点温度下反应。在反应完成时,借助薄膜蒸馏蒸馏出过量甲酸烷基酯R'O-CHO和所得醇R'-OH并任选过滤出所得产物(Ia)。
然后使式(Ia)的化合物与X-R-NCO优选在惰性条件下在20至200℃,优选40至160℃的温度下反应。根据X-R-NCO上的取代基X,这两种组分在此以至少1:1至最高40:1,优选8:1至最高30:1,特别优选10:1至最高25:1的异氰酸酯基团:甲酰胺基团当量比使用。该反应可以在溶液中或无溶剂在本体(Substanz)中进行,但优选无溶剂。为了分离出过量X-R-NCO,随后使反应混合物在减压下,例如在小于1.0毫巴,优选小于0.5毫巴,特别优选小于0.2毫巴的压力下,在尽可能温和的条件下,例如在100至200℃,优选120至180℃的温度下以例如600毫升/小时的合适进料速率经过薄膜蒸发器。
具有式(I)的化合物的制备可以不用催化剂进行。但是,也可任选加入已知催化剂以加速该反应。可以使用例如叔胺,例如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、二乙基苄胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、二环己基甲基胺、二甲基-环己基胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基二氨基二乙醚、双-(二甲基氨基丙基)-脲、N-甲基-或N-乙基-吗啉、N-椰油吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,3-丁二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、五甲基二乙三胺、N-甲基哌啶、N-二甲基-氨基乙基哌啶、N,N'-二甲基哌嗪、N-甲基-N'-二甲基氨基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、N,N-二甲基咪唑-β-苯基乙基胺、1,4-二氮杂双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷(DABCO)和己二酸双-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)酯,脒,例如1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬烯(DBN)、1,8-二氮杂双环(5.4.0)十一-7-烯(DBU)和2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶,烷醇胺化合物,例如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基-二乙醇胺、二甲基氨基乙醇和2-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇,N,N',N"-三-(二烷基氨基烷基)六氢三嗪,例如N,N',N"-三-(二甲基氨基丙基)-均-六氢三嗪、双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚以及金属盐,例如铁、铅、铋、锌和/或锡在该金属的常规氧化态下的无机和/或有机化合物,例如氯化铁(II)、氯化铁(III)、2-乙基己酸铋(III)、辛酸铋(III)、新癸酸铋(III)、氯化锌、2-乙基己酸锌、三氟甲磺酸锌(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)、棕榈酸锡(II)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(IV)(DBTL)、二氯化二丁基锡(IV)或辛酸铅。
所用的优选催化剂是叔胺、脒和上述类型的锡化合物或锌化合物。特别优选的催化剂是1,4-二氮杂双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷(DABCO)、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬烯(DBN)、1,8-二氮杂双环(5.4.0)十一-7-烯(DBU)以及二月桂酸二丁基锡(IV)(DBTL)和三氟甲磺酸锌(II)。
上文举例提到的催化剂可独自或以任意混合物的形式用于该反应,并且如果使用,作为所用催化剂总量计算,以所用起始化合物的总量的0.001至1.0重量%,优选0.01至0.5重量%的量使用。
可以例如通过滴定法测定NCO含量来监测反应进程。在达到所需NCO含量后,终止该反应。
特别优选地,通过上述方法制备根据本发明的式(III)的化合物,其中基团R、R1、R2、R3和n如对式(I)所定义:
由此使具有式(Ia)的硅烷改性甲酰胺与二异氰酸酯OCN-R-NCO,优选在惰性保护气体气氛(例如氮气或氩气)下反应。
适用于制备式(III)的硅烷改性甲酰胺的二异氰酸酯OCN-R-NCO例如选自1,4-、1,3-和/或1,2-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1-甲基-2,4-二异氰酸根合-环己烷、1-甲基-2,6-二异氰酸根合-环己烷、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、八亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、H6-2,4-和/或-2,6-二异氰酸根合甲苯、4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷、2,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷、2,2'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷、间-和/或对-苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4-二异氰酸根合甲苯和/或2,6-二异氰酸根合甲苯、异丙烯基二甲基甲苯二异氰酸酯、α,α,α',α,'-四甲基-间-和/或对-苯二甲基二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷三异氰酸酯、1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷和/或2,4'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷和/或2,2'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷和它们的单-和二-甲基取代的衍生物。
六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、2,4-二异氰酸根合甲苯(TDI)和/或2,6-二异氰酸根合甲苯、4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷、2,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷、2,2'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷或它们的异构体混合物特别优选用于OCN-R-NCO。
式(Ia)的化合物与OCN-R-NCO的反应在20至200℃,优选40至160℃的温度下进行。这两种组分在此以至少6:1至最高40:1,优选8:1至最高30:1,特别优选10:1至最高25:1的异氰酸酯基团:甲酰胺基团当量比使用。该反应可以在溶液中或无溶剂在本体中进行,但优选无溶剂。
具有式(III)的化合物的制备可以不用催化剂进行。但是,也可任选一起使用上文提到的用于制备式(I)的化合物的催化剂以加速该反应。
特别优选的催化剂是1,4-二氮杂双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷(DABCO)、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬烯(DBN)、1,8-二氮杂双环(5.4.0)十一-7-烯(DBU)以及二月桂酸二丁基锡(IV)(DBTL)和三氟甲磺酸锌(II)。
上文举例提到的催化剂可独自或以任意混合物的形式用于该反应,并且如果使用,作为所用催化剂总量计算,以所用起始化合物的总量的0.001至1.0重量%,优选0.01至0.5重量%的量使用。
可以例如通过滴定法测定NCO含量来监测反应进程。在达到所需NCO含量时,终止该反应。
在一个优选实施方案中,在式(Ia)的化合物与二异氰酸酯OCN-R-NCO反应后,从反应产物中分离未反应的过量单体二异氰酸酯OCN-R-NCO直至反应产物总质量的少于1重量%,优选少于0.5重量%,特别优选少于0.3重量%的残留含量。优选通过在真空中,例如在小于1.0毫巴,优选小于0.5毫巴,特别优选小于0.2毫巴的压力下,在尽可能温和的条件下,例如在100至200℃,优选120至180℃的温度下的薄膜蒸馏从反应混合物中除去过量单体二异氰酸酯OCN-R-NCO。
由此后处理的反应混合物通常产生由基于反应产物的总质量计多于85重量%,优选多于95重量%的根据本发明的式(III)的化合物、少于1重量%的单体(未反应)二异氰酸酯和少于15重量%,优选少于10重量%的下式(IIIa)的化合物组成的产物混合物,
其中变量如对式(I)所定义。
由此制备的式(III)的化合物是清澈的几乎无色产物,其根据所选起始二异氰酸酯,是低至高粘度液体并具有反应产物总质量的少于1.0重量%,优选少于0.5重量%,特别优选少于0.3重量%的单体起始二异氰酸酯残留含量。
为了防止在根据本发明的制备过程中式(I)和/或(III)的化合物的硅烷基团的过早交联,可以有利地加入去水剂(Wasserfänger)。例如,可以使用原甲酸酯,例如原甲酸三乙酯,乙烯基硅烷,例如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,或有机磷酸酯,例如磷酸二丁酯。如果必要,去水剂以原材料总量的最多5重量%,优选最多2重量%的量使用。
如果使用催化剂和/或去水剂,可以在实际反应开始前将它们添加到起始化合物中。但是也可以在反应过程中的任意时间点将这些助剂添加到反应混合物中。
在一个优选实施方案中,本文所述的方法在保护气体气氛,例如氮气下进行。
式(IV)的硅烷改性化合物
特别优选地,如上定义的式(III)的化合物用于制备具有式(IV)的硅烷改性化合物或预聚物:
其中R、R1、R2、R3和n具有权利要求1中给出的含义,Y是具有1至40个碳原子的m价的任选取代的直链或支化的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族、杂环和/或芳族结构单元或是多元醇或聚氨酯-、聚脲-、聚酯-、聚醚-、聚碳酸酯-、聚缩醛-、聚丙烯酸酯-、聚酯酰胺-或聚硫醚多元醇减去m个OH基团的结构单元,且m是1至10的数值(任选也是有理数)。
特别优选提供式(IV)的化合物,其中R是亚正己基,R1是亚正丙基,R2和R3是甲基且n = 0。
制备式(IV)的硅烷改性化合物的方法
根据本发明的式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物可通过下述方法(A)制备:
其中R、R1、R2、R3、n、Y和m如权利要求7中所定义。
根据本发明,可通过使Y-(OH)m与如上所述制备的式(III)的化合物反应来制备式(IV)的化合物。
例如具有2至14个碳原子,优选4至10个碳原子的多元醇和/或醚醇或酯醇可用于Y-(OH)m,例如1,2-乙二醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、异构丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇和辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、1,2-和1,4-环己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)-苯、2,2-双-(4-羟苯基)-丙烷(双酚A)、2,2-双-(4-羟基环己基)-丙烷(全氢化双酚)、1,2,3-丙三醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷、1,2,6-己三醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、双-(2-羟乙基)-氢醌、1,2,4-和1,3,5-三羟基环己烷、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(2-羟乙基)酯、3(4),8(9)-双-(羟甲基)-三环-[5.2.1.02'6]癸烷、二-三羟甲基丙烷、2,2-双(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇(季戊四醇)、2,2,6,6-四(羟甲基)-4-氧杂-庚烷-1,7-二醇(二季戊四醇)、甘露醇或山梨糖醇,低分子量醚醇,例如二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇或二丁二醇,或低分子量酯醇,例如羟基特戊酸新戊二醇酯,和/或上述化合物的混合物。
基团Y优选是衍生自如聚氨酯化学中已知的聚合多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇和/或聚丙烯酸酯多元醇的基团。这些聚合多元醇通常具有200至22000,优选250至18000,特别优选250至12000的数均分子量。合适的聚合多元醇的概述可见于例如N. Adam等人: "Polyurethanes", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry, Electronic Release, 第7版, 第3.2-3.4章, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005中。
合适的聚醚多元醇是例如DE 26 22 951 B,第6栏第65行至第7栏第26行、EP-A 0978 523第4页第45行至第5页第14行或WO 2011/069966第4页第20行至第5页第23行中提到的类型的那些,只要它们符合上文关于官能度和分子量给出的说明。特别优选的聚醚多元醇是环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷在1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、乙二胺和/或季戊四醇上的加成产物,或可例如根据Angew. Chem. 72, 927 (1960)通过四氢呋喃的聚合获得的具有400 g/mol至4000 g/mol的数均分子量的聚四亚甲基醚二醇。
合适的聚酯多元醇是例如EP-A 0 978 523第5页第17至47行或EP-A 0 659 792第6页第32至45行中提到的类型的那些,只要它们符合上文关于官能度和分子量给出的说明。特别优选的聚酯多元醇是多元醇,例如1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-环己二醇、全氢化双酚、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、1,2,3-丙三醇、季戊四醇和/或山梨糖醇与不足量的多元羧酸或羧酸酐,例如琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、戊二酸酐、马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和/或四氢邻苯二甲酸酐的缩合产物,或可由内酯,例如ε-己内酯和简单一元醇,例如上文举例提到的那些作为起始剂分子通过开环以本身已知的方式获得的那些。
合适的聚碳酸酯多元醇特别是二元醇,例如上文在多元醇的名单中举例提到的那些与碳酸二芳基酯例如碳酸二苯酯、碳酸二甲酯或光气的本身已知的反应产物。合适的聚碳酸酯多元醇也是除碳酸酯结构外还另外包含酯基团的那些。它们特别是可例如根据DE-AS 1 770 245的教导通过二元醇与内酯,特别例如ε-己内酯的反应和所得聚酯二醇随后与碳酸二苯酯或碳酸二甲酯的反应获得的本身已知的聚酯碳酸酯二醇。合适的聚碳酸酯多元醇也是除碳酸酯结构外还另外包含醚基团的那些。它们特别是可例如通过EP-A 2046861的方法通过氧化烯(环氧化物)和二氧化碳在H-官能起始剂物质存在下的催化反应获得的本身已知的聚醚碳酸酯多元醇。
合适的聚丙烯酸酯多元醇是例如WO 2011/124710第10页第32行至第13页第18行中提到的类型的那些,只要它们符合上文关于官能度和分子量给出的说明。特别优选的聚丙烯酸酯多元醇是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的羟基烷基酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯或(甲基)丙烯酸羟丁酯,任选与丙烯酸烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、苯乙烯或其它可共聚的烯属不饱和单体,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或马来酸二甲酯一起的聚合物或共聚物。
合适的多元醇例如也是可通过简单二醇,例如二乙二醇、三乙二醇、4,4'-二乙氧基氧基(dioxethoxy)-二苯基-二甲基甲烷(2摩尔环氧乙烷在双酚A上的加成物)或己二醇与甲醛的反应获得的已知聚缩醛多元醇,或通过环状缩醛,例如三氧杂环己烷的缩聚制成的聚缩醛。
其它合适的多元醇也是例如EP-A 0 689 556和EP-A 0 937 110中描述的特定多元醇,其例如可通过环氧化脂肪酸酯与脂族或芳族多元醇在环氧化物开环下的反应获得。
含羟基的聚丁二烯同样可用作多元醇。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,使用聚醚-、聚酯-、聚碳酸酯-和/或聚丙烯酸酯多元醇作为组分Y-(OH)m。
该多元醇独自或以与彼此的任意混合物的形式用在本发明的方法中。它们可以以无溶剂形式和溶解在常规溶剂中的形式存在。
式Y-(OH)m的化合物与式(III)的化合物的反应在20至200℃,优选40至160℃的温度下进行。遵循0.7:1至1.2:1,优选0.8:1至1.1:1,特别优选0.9:1至1.05:1的异氰酸酯基团:羟基的当量比。
本发明的方法可以无催化进行。但是,为了加速氨基甲酸酯化反应,也可任选一起使用异氰酸酯化学中常规的催化剂。合适的催化剂在上文已对式(I)的化合物的制备描述。
特别优选的催化剂是1,4-二氮杂双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷(DABCO)、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬烯(DBN)、1,8-二氮杂双环(5.4.0)十一-7-烯(DBU)和二月桂酸二丁基锡(IV)(DBTL)。
这些催化剂可独自或以与彼此的任意混合物的形式用于本发明的方法,并且如果必要,作为所用催化剂的总量计算,以原材料总量的0.001至1.0重量%,优选0.01至0.5重量%的量使用。
通过该方法制成的根据本发明的式(IV)的硅烷改性化合物或预聚物是清澈的几乎无色产物,其根据所选起始二异氰酸酯和多元醇,是低至高粘度液体并含有反应产物总质量的少于1.0重量%,优选少于0.5重量%,特别优选少于0.3重量%的单体起始二异氰酸酯残留含量。
通常可通过添加甲醇捕集(abgefangen)可能仍可检出的残留NCO含量。
为了防止在本发明的方法的过程中硅烷基团的过早交联,可以有利地加入去水剂。例如,可以使用原甲酸酯,例如原甲酸三乙酯,乙烯基硅烷,例如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,或有机磷酸酯,例如磷酸二丁酯。如果必要,去水剂以原材料总量的最多5重量%,优选最多2重量%的量使用。
当一起使用催化剂和/或去水剂时,可以在实际反应开始前就将它们添加到起始化合物中。但是也可以在氨基甲酸酯化反应过程中的任意时间点将这些助剂添加到反应混合物中。
根据本发明可以例如通过NCO含量的滴定测定或通过IR光谱法监测反应进程。在氨基甲酸酯化反应后,即在异氰酸酯基团和羟基或甲酰胺基团完全反应后,获得根据本发明的式(IV)的含酰基脲基团的硅烷改性的预聚物作为本发明的方法的产物。
根据应用领域,根据本发明的式(IV)的化合物或预聚物具有10至1000000 mPa·s,优选50至500000 mPa·s,特别优选500至200000 mPa·s的粘度。
本文中公开的式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物可根据本发明用于制造胶粘剂和密封剂、涂料、浆料、油墨和/或印刷油墨。
这种方法的优点在于,通过所用的式Y-(OH)m的化合物或所用的二异氰酸酯,可以使式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物的性质适应大量极为不同的用途。
反应性单组分胶粘剂体系
根据本发明,如上所述的式(I)的化合物和/或如上所述的式(IV)的化合物用于反应性单组分胶粘剂体系。该反应性单组分胶粘剂体系的特征在于其包含至少一种式(I)的化合物和/或至少一种式(IV)的化合物。
在水分或水的作用下,发生硅烷基团的可水解基团的水解,由此形成的硅烷醇接着交联(固化)并裂解出水。
也可一起使用加速硅烷醇基团水解和缩合的催化剂。这样的催化剂是本领域技术人员已知的。可以使用例如酸,例如硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸和磷酸二丁酯,碱,例如N-取代的脒,如1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯(DBN)和1,5-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(DBU),以及金属盐和金属螯合物,例如钛酸四异丙酯、钛酸四丁酯、乙酰丙酮钛(IV)、三仲丁酸铝、乙酰丙酮铝、三氟甲磺酸铝或三氟甲磺酸锡。
如果使用,这些催化剂以所用硅烷改性预聚物重量的最多5重量%,优选最多2重量%的量使用。根据所用催化剂的性质和量,由根据本发明的式(I)和/或(IV)的化合物配制的单组分胶粘剂体系的固化可以在宽温度范围,例如-20至200℃,优选0至180℃,特别优选20至160℃内进行。
任意其它可水解硅烷化合物,例如四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)-甲基二乙氧基硅烷、(3-环氧丙氧基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷或US 4 499 150中提到的类型的硅烷官能共聚物或此类硅烷化合物的混合物任选也可作为反应配对物添加到根据本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系中。
本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系同样可任选包含现有技术中已知的附加添加剂和/或助剂。可提到例如颜料、抗氧化剂、去水剂、填料、助滑添加剂、流动剂、流变添加剂、泡沫稳定剂、疏水剂、空隙形成剂、增粘添加剂(增粘剂)、配混剂、增塑剂、抗老化剂、阻燃剂和/或UV稳定剂。
作为合适的填料,可提到例如炭黑、沉淀二氧化硅、热解二氧化硅、矿物白垩和沉淀白垩。可提到的合适增塑剂的实例是邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸酯、酚的烷基磺酸酯、磷酸酯或较高分子量聚丙二醇。
作为去水剂,特别可提到烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物,如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷。
作为增粘剂,使用已知的官能硅烷,例如上文提到的类型的氨基硅烷,以及N-氨基乙基-3-氨基-丙基-三甲氧基硅烷和/或N-氨基乙基-3-氨基丙基-甲基-二甲氧基硅烷、环氧硅烷和/或巯基硅烷。
除用作单组分胶粘剂体系外,根据本发明的式(I)和/或(IV)的化合物也可例如作为添加剂混合到常规单组分和/或双组分聚氨酯胶粘剂体系中。
如果将如上所述的根据本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系预先施涂到要胶粘的基底上,由于上述交联而发生基底的永久胶粘或密封。
要胶粘的基底的表面可能任选必须通过物理、化学和/或物理-化学法预处理。例如,底漆或增粘剂组合物的施涂在此有利,但根据本发明不一定必须。
基底
适合通过根据本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系胶粘和/或密封的合适基底是金属、玻璃、木材、混凝土、石材、陶瓷、织物和/或塑料。要胶粘的基底可以相同或不同。
在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系用于金属、玻璃和/或塑料的胶粘和/或密封。
合适的金属基底通常可以由本领域中常规的所有金属或金属合金制成。优选使用金属,例如铝、不锈钢、钢、钛、含铁金属和合金。要胶粘的基底可另外由不同金属构成。
要胶粘的塑料基底是例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丙烯酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯和/或聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
该基底可另外是经上漆或印刷的。
要胶粘的基底可进一步具有对于所得复合体的各自使用所需的各种任意形式。在最简单的形式中,该基底是平坦的。但也可以使用根据本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系接合三维基底。
复合体
根据本发明还提供通过如上定义的根据本发明的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系接合的复合体。
实验部分
下列实施例用于说明本发明但绝对不应被解释为对保护范围的限制。
除非另行规定,所有百分比数据基于重量。
根据DIN EN ISO 11909滴定测定NCO含量。
根据DIN 53240-2: 2007-11滴定测定OH值并根据DIN 3682 5测定酸值。由分析测定的OH值计算所示OH含量。
根据DIN EN ISO 10283通过使用内标的气相色谱法测量残留单体含量。
通过根据DIN 55672-1(凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC) – 第1部分: 四氢呋喃(THF)作为洗脱剂)对照聚苯乙烯标样的凝胶渗透色谱法测定双加合物的含量和分子量,不同在于使用0.6毫升/分钟而非1.0毫升/分钟的流速进行操作。基于单加合物和双加合物的总量,将取自色谱图并借助软件测得的按面积%计的双加合物含量各自大致换算成以重量%计的含量并照此给出。
使用来自Anton Paar Germany GmbH (DE)的Physica MCR 51流变仪根据DIN ENISO 3219进行所有粘度测量。
具有式(Ia)的硅烷改性甲酰胺的合成
:
实施例1: N-(3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)甲酰胺
将1075.8克(6摩尔)3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷在室温下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。在搅拌下逐滴加入378.6克(6.3摩尔)甲酸甲酯,以使不超过50℃。在放热反应平息后,在室温下继续搅拌4小时,然后在减压下(0.1毫巴,在50℃下)蒸馏出过量甲酸甲酯和所得甲醇。获得具有在23℃下11 mPa·s的粘度的无色液体。
实施例2: N-(3-甲基二甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)甲酰胺
将99.6克(0.6摩尔)3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷在室温下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。在搅拌下逐滴加入40.3克(0.67摩尔)甲酸甲酯,以使不超过50℃。在放热反应平息后,在室温下继续搅拌4小时,然后在减压下(0.1毫巴,在50℃下)蒸馏出过量甲酸甲酯和所得甲醇。获得具有在23℃下11mPa·s的粘度的无色液体。
实施例3: N-(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)甲酰胺
将221.4克(1摩尔)3-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷在室温下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。在搅拌下逐滴加入77.8克(1.05摩尔)甲酸乙酯,以使不超过50℃。在放热反应平息后,在室温下继续搅拌4小时,然后在减压下(0.1毫巴,在80℃下)蒸馏出过量甲酸乙酯和所得乙醇。获得具有在23℃下13 mPa·s的粘度的无色液体。
实施例4: N-(3-甲基二乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)甲酰胺
将497.9克(2.6摩尔)3-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷在室温下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。在搅拌下逐滴加入212.1克(2.8摩尔)甲酸乙酯,以使不超过50℃。在放热反应平息后,在室温下继续搅拌4小时,然后在减压下(0.1毫巴,在80℃下)蒸馏出过量甲酸乙酯和所得乙醇。获得具有在23℃下12mPa·s的粘度的无色液体。
具有通式(I)的硅烷改性化合物的合成
:
实施例5:
将672克(4摩尔)HDI(1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)在80℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。然后在搅拌下经1小时计量加入207.1克(1摩尔)N-(3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)甲酰胺(来自实施例1)。在添加完成时,在80℃下搅拌该配制品直至达到恒定异氰酸酯含量(34.7重量%)。所得反应混合物在0.03毫巴的压力和130℃的温度下以600毫升/小时的进料速率经过薄膜蒸发器以除去过量HDI。获得具有在23℃下103 mPa·s的粘度、10.36重量%的异氰酸酯含量、0.07重量%的游离HDI含量和15.7%的双加合物含量的无色液体。
所得产物的主要组分对应于式(VI):
(VI)。
实施例6:(实施例5的对比例)
将3150克(18.75摩尔)HDI(1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)在80℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。然后在搅拌下经1小时计量加入448.2克(2.5摩尔)3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。在添加第一滴后立即观察到形成浑浊,这在添加过程中增强并附聚形成固体。该配制品不可能像实施例5中那样有针对性地进一步加工。
实施例7:
将1667.3克(7.5摩尔)IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)在80℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。然后在搅拌下经1小时计量加入207.1克(1摩尔)N-(3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)甲酰胺(来自实施例1)。在添加完成后,在80℃下搅拌该配制品直至达到恒定异氰酸酯含量(31.3重量%)。所得反应混合物在0.02毫巴的压力和140℃的温度下以800毫升/小时的进料速率经过薄膜蒸发器以除去过量IPDI。获得具有在23℃下6900 mPa·s的粘度、9.9重量%的异氰酸酯含量、0.32重量%的游离IPDI含量和10.3%的双加合物含量的无色液体。
实施例8:
将3960.0克(22.5摩尔)TDI(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯)在80℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中。然后在搅拌下经1小时计量加入621.3克(3摩尔)N-(3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)甲酰胺(来自实施例1)。在添加完成后,在80℃下搅拌该配制品直至达到恒定异氰酸酯含量(38.1重量%)。所得反应混合物在0.02毫巴的压力和140℃的温度下以400毫升/小时的进料速率经过薄膜蒸发器以除去过量TDI。获得具有在23℃下7080 mPa·s的粘度、11.6重量%的异氰酸酯含量、0.41重量%的游离TDI含量和14.7%的双加合物含量的浅黄色液体。
具有式(IV)的硅烷改性预聚物的合成:
实施例9:
将262.5克蓖麻油和13毫克DBTL在80℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中,并逐滴加入307.3克来自实施例6的硅烷改性甲酰胺以使反应温度不超过90℃。在添加完成后,在60℃下搅拌该反应混合物直至达到恒定异氰酸酯含量(0.7重量%)。通过添加甲醇捕获剩余异氰酸酯含量。所得粘合剂清澈并具有在23℃下13500 mPa·s的粘度。
为了进一步加工,用乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯(MPA)将该粘合剂调节到50%固含量并加入0.25%来自BASF SE的Lupragen® N 700(1,8-二氮杂双环-5,4,0-十一-7-烯);以50微米的层厚度(湿)刮涂到玻璃板上。在23℃和50%相对空气湿度下4小时干燥时间后,该涂层触干并在4天后表现出对于二甲苯、乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯、乙酸乙酯和丙酮的良好耐溶剂性。
实施例10:
将92.8克Desmophen® A 160 SN(在溶剂石脑油100中的60%丙烯酸树脂;固体树脂上的羟基含量2.7%,Bayer MaterialScience AG)、67.3克2-乙基-1,3-己二醇和9克原甲酸三乙酯与10毫克DBTL一起在80℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中,并逐滴加入413.0克硅烷甲酰胺-HDI加合物(来自实施例5)以使反应温度不超过90℃。在添加完成后,在60℃下搅拌该反应混合物直至不可再检出异氰酸酯。所得粘合剂清澈并具有在23℃下230000 mPas的粘度。
为了进一步加工,用乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯(MPA)将该粘合剂调节到50%固含量并加入0.25%来自BASF SE的Lupragen® N 700(1,8-二氮杂双环-5,4,0-十一-7-烯);以50微米的层厚度(湿)刮涂到玻璃板上。在23℃和50%相对空气湿度下4小时干燥时间后,该涂层触干并在4天后表现出对于二甲苯、乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯、乙酸乙酯和丙酮的良好耐溶剂性。
实施例11:
将1024克(0.12摩尔)聚丙二醇(Acclaim Polyol 8200N;OH值14 mg KOH/g)与50毫克DBTL一起在60℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中,并逐滴加入109克硅烷甲酰胺-HDI加合物(来自实施例5)以使反应温度不超过80℃。在添加完成后,在60℃下搅拌该反应混合物直至达到恒定异氰酸酯含量(0.05重量%)。通过添加甲醇捕获剩余异氰酸酯含量并通过添加100毫克磷酸二丁酯和2克乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷作为去水剂来稳定反应物料。所得粘合剂清澈并具有在23℃下11600 mPas的粘度。
实施例12:
将950克(0.1摩尔)聚丙二醇(Acclaim Polyol 18200N;OH值6.5 mg KOH/g)与50毫克DBTL一起在60℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中,并逐滴加入50克硅烷甲酰胺-HDI加合物(来自实施例5)以使反应温度不超过80℃。在添加完成后,在60℃下搅拌该反应混合物直至达到恒定异氰酸酯含量(0.08重量%)。通过添加甲醇捕获剩余异氰酸酯含量并通过添加50毫克磷酸二丁酯和2克乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷作为去水剂来稳定反应物料。所得粘合剂清澈并具有在23℃下75700 mPas的粘度。
实施例13:
将999克(0.12摩尔)聚丙二醇(Acclaim® Polyol 8200N;OH值14 mg KOH/g;BayerMaterialScience AG)与60毫克DBTL一起在60℃下在氮气气氛下预先置于具有温度计、KPG搅拌器、回流冷凝器和滴液漏斗的烧瓶中,并逐滴加入101.0克硅烷甲酰胺-TDI加合物(来自实施例8)以使反应温度不超过80℃。在添加完成后,在60℃下搅拌该反应混合物直至达到恒定异氰酸酯含量(0.02重量%)。通过添加甲醇捕获剩余异氰酸酯含量并通过添加60毫克磷酸二丁酯和2.2克乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷作为去水剂来稳定反应物料。所得粘合剂清澈并具有在23℃下163000 mPas的粘度。
胶粘剂和密封剂的应用技术实施例
为了评估不同聚合物的应用技术性质,以下列配方加工它们:
以重量%计的用量 | |
聚合物 | 31.34 |
填料(Socal U<sub>1</sub>S<sub>2</sub>) | 47.01 |
增塑剂(Jayflex DINP) | 18.80 |
干燥剂(Dynasylan VTMO) | 1.88 |
增粘剂(Dynasylan 1146) | 0.94 |
催化剂(Lupragen N 700) | 0.03 |
为了制备制剂,将填料(来自Solvay的Socal® U1S2)、增塑剂(来自Exxon的JayflexTM DINP)和干燥剂(来自Evonik的Dynasylan® VTMO)添加到粘合剂中,并在具有壁刮刀的真空溶解器中在3000转/分钟下进行混合。然后加入增粘剂(来自Evonik的Dynasylan® 1146)并在1000转/分钟下在5分钟内拌入。最后,在1000转/分钟下搅入催化剂(来自BASF SE的Lupragen® N700)并最后使最终混合物在真空中脱气。
为了测量物理性质,根据DIN EN ISO 11600制备具有2毫米厚度的膜和在玻璃基底上的试样。根据DIN 53505在膜上进行肖氏硬度的测试。根据DIN EN ISO 11600在23℃下测量在50%伸长下的模量。
下表显示所得结果:
实施例14(来自实施例11的聚合物) | 实施例15(来自实施例12的聚合物) | |
肖氏A硬度 | 61 | 17 |
50%模量[N/mm<sup>2</sup>] | 3.0 | 0.8 |
薄膜干燥时间,100µm [min] | 45 | 30 |
Claims (18)
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中R2和R3各自彼此独立地代表甲基或乙基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R代表亚己基,R1代表亚丙基,R2和R3各自彼此独立地代表甲基或乙基,且n代表0至2的整数。
7.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述多元醇是聚氨酯-、聚脲-、聚酯-、聚醚-、聚缩醛-、聚丙烯酸酯-、聚酯酰胺-或聚硫醚多元醇。
8.根据权利要求6的用途,其中所述多元醇是聚碳酸酯多元醇。
11.根据权利要求1至4任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的化合物用于制造胶粘剂和密封剂、漆料、涂料、浆料和/或墨水的用途。
12.根据权利要求1至4任一项的化合物或根据权利要求9的化合物用于制造印刷油墨的用途。
13.包含至少一种根据权利要求1至4任一项的化合物或至少一种根据权利要求9的化合物的反应性单组分涂料体系。
14.根据权利要求13的反应性单组分涂料体系用于涂覆金属、木材、木基材料、玻璃、皮革、织物、塑料、矿物材料、软木、纤维、混凝土、纸、纸板和薄膜的用途。
15.包含至少一种根据权利要求1至4任一项的化合物或至少一种根据权利要求9的化合物的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系。
16.根据权利要求15的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系用于胶粘和/或密封金属、木材、木基材料、玻璃、皮革、织物、塑料、矿物材料、软木、纤维、混凝土、纸、纸板和薄膜的用途。
17.包含根据权利要求15的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系的试剂盒,其用于胶粘和/或密封金属、木材、木基材料、玻璃、皮革、织物、塑料、矿物材料、软木、纤维、混凝土、纸、纸板和薄膜。
18.通过根据权利要求15的反应性单组分胶粘剂体系或通过根据权利要求17的试剂盒接合的复合体。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14153502 | 2014-01-31 | ||
EP14153502.1 | 2014-01-31 | ||
PCT/EP2015/051445 WO2015113923A1 (de) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-26 | Silanmodifizierte formamide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106414463A CN106414463A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
CN106414463B true CN106414463B (zh) | 2020-02-14 |
Family
ID=50028920
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580006521.0A Expired - Fee Related CN106414463B (zh) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-01-26 | 硅烷改性的甲酰胺 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10125155B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3099697B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6568087B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN106414463B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2652324T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW201540696A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015113923A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10844161B2 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2020-11-24 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Silane-functional polymeric polyurethanes |
CN113056497A (zh) | 2018-10-30 | 2021-06-29 | 科思创知识产权两合公司 | 具有改善的层粘附的多层漆构造 |
WO2020089019A1 (de) | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mehrschicht-lackaufbaus mit einer deckschicht aus silangruppen-enthaltenden prepolymeren |
NO346598B1 (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-10-24 | Klingelberg Products As | Method for the preparation of amidines and amide manufactured by the method |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4697009A (en) * | 1985-07-06 | 1987-09-29 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | N-silylpropyl-N'-acyl-ureas and process for their production |
CN101889018A (zh) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-11-17 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 氟代烷基硅烷 |
JP2013095759A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-20 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | 樹脂ガラス用ポリウレタン接着剤組成物 |
JP2013234304A (ja) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-21 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | ウレタン系プライマー組成物 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1254574A (en) * | 1968-03-15 | 1971-11-24 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of isocyanate group-containing compounds |
DE1770245C3 (de) | 1968-04-23 | 1979-11-15 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gegebenenfalls vernetzten Polyurethanen |
US4218543A (en) | 1976-05-21 | 1980-08-19 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Rim process for the production of elastic moldings |
DE2622951B2 (de) | 1976-05-21 | 1979-09-06 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von elastischen Fonnkörpern |
US4499150A (en) | 1983-03-29 | 1985-02-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Color plus clear coating method utilizing addition interpolymers containing alkoxy silane and/or acyloxy silane groups |
JPS59200260A (ja) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-13 | Kao Corp | 電子写真用キヤリア材 |
JPS61218631A (ja) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-09-29 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 架橋性ホットメルト接着剤の製造方法 |
DE4308097A1 (de) | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Polyol für ein Isocyanat-Gießharz und Beschichtungen |
US5502147A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1996-03-26 | Bayer Corporation | Aliphatic rim elastomers |
DE19646424A1 (de) | 1996-11-11 | 1998-05-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung von Polyolen für Isocyanat-Gießharze und -Beschichtungsmassen |
DE19835113A1 (de) | 1998-08-04 | 2000-02-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kompakten, transparenten Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsprodukten |
US7977501B2 (en) | 2006-07-24 | 2011-07-12 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Polyether carbonate polyols made via double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysis |
ES2411108T3 (es) * | 2008-10-15 | 2013-07-04 | Basf Se | Proceso para producir dispersiones de poliol que contienen sílice |
DE102009057597A1 (de) | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Polyrethan-Prepolymere |
WO2011124710A1 (de) | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-13 | Basf Se | Durch energieeintrag reparable beschichtungen |
-
2015
- 2015-01-26 US US15/112,308 patent/US10125155B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-01-26 JP JP2016549044A patent/JP6568087B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-01-26 WO PCT/EP2015/051445 patent/WO2015113923A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-01-26 CN CN201580006521.0A patent/CN106414463B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-01-26 ES ES15701346.7T patent/ES2652324T3/es active Active
- 2015-01-26 EP EP15701346.7A patent/EP3099697B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-01-29 TW TW104102944A patent/TW201540696A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4697009A (en) * | 1985-07-06 | 1987-09-29 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | N-silylpropyl-N'-acyl-ureas and process for their production |
CN101889018A (zh) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-11-17 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 氟代烷基硅烷 |
JP2013095759A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-20 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | 樹脂ガラス用ポリウレタン接着剤組成物 |
JP2013234304A (ja) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-21 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | ウレタン系プライマー組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160340371A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
JP6568087B2 (ja) | 2019-08-28 |
WO2015113923A1 (de) | 2015-08-06 |
TW201540696A (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
EP3099697B1 (de) | 2017-09-13 |
JP2017506223A (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
CN106414463A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
EP3099697A1 (de) | 2016-12-07 |
US10125155B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 |
ES2652324T3 (es) | 2018-02-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9353210B2 (en) | Silane functional binder with thiourethane structure | |
CN109642009B (zh) | 硅烷官能的聚合聚氨酯 | |
KR101519459B1 (ko) | 오르가닐 옥시실란 말단을 가진 폴리머를 기반으로 하는 가교성 물질 | |
CN107001568B (zh) | 含硅烷基团的快速固化组合物 | |
KR20060046688A (ko) | 수분-경화성, 폴리에테르 우레탄 및 실란트, 접착제 및코팅 조성물에서의 이들의 용도 | |
JP2013534548A (ja) | シラン架橋化合物 | |
US10590229B2 (en) | Polyurethane coating compositions | |
KR20100040801A (ko) | 페인트 점착성 첨가제를 함유하는 경화성 실릴-함유 폴리머 조성물 | |
CN106414463B (zh) | 硅烷改性的甲酰胺 | |
KR20220099536A (ko) | 선택적 폴리우레탄 예비폴리머 합성 | |
KR20120061960A (ko) | 이소시아네이트 무함유 실란 가교 화합물 | |
US10040808B2 (en) | Silane-modified formamides | |
CN112638978A (zh) | 用于湿固化组合物的干燥剂 | |
CN112673037A (zh) | 用于湿固化组合物的干燥剂 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20200214 Termination date: 20220126 |