CN106380788A - 无卤阻燃剂、无卤阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
无卤阻燃剂、无卤阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
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- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
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- XSAOTYCWGCRGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC XSAOTYCWGCRGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种无卤阻燃剂复合体系、无卤阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法,属于高分子材料领域。无卤阻燃剂复合体系中,第一组分具有含磷和铝双阻燃元素,第二组分为无卤磷‑氮系阻燃剂,含有酸源和气源,主要发挥凝聚相阻燃功能,第三组分金属化合物,具有提升炭层阻隔功能,第四组分纳米氧化石墨烯,结构中含有多种氧原子官能团,主要发挥结炭功能。四个组分以最佳比例复合能充分各自阻燃功能达到最佳协同阻燃性能,有利于降低阻燃剂总使用量,赋予材料较高的阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,且特别涉及一种无卤阻燃剂、无卤阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
环氧树脂具有优秀的粘结性、电性能、耐化学腐蚀性、耐热稳定性和尺寸稳定性,广泛地应用于储存容器、电子电器行业胶黏剂、印刷覆铜板和封装材料等领域。但是,环氧树脂是一种易燃且引燃后难以熄灭的高分子材料,上述应用领域所需的大多数材料都要求环氧树脂材料达到较高的级别,比如UL 94V-0级,因此环氧树脂必须进行阻燃化处理。根据目前文献报道或公布的有关专利可知,环氧树脂阻燃特别是无卤化阻燃是未来发展趋势,其制备技术主要有三种方法:本证阻燃环氧树脂材料制备技术,如专利美国专利US6291627B1和一些公开发表的论文;阻燃和固化一体的固化阻燃剂阻燃环氧树脂材料制备技术,如中国专利CN102070770A;添加型阻燃剂阻燃环氧树脂材料制备技术,如中国专利CN101993456A等。其中,添加型阻燃技术因其制备工艺简单、性价比高仍然是阻燃环氧树脂材料制备技术的主要方法。中国塑料报道采用二乙基次膦酸铝制备阻燃环氧树脂,因为使用单一阻燃剂,添加量需要15wt%才能使阻燃环氧树脂阻燃性能达到UL 94 V-0级。化工新型材料报道采用聚磷酸铵(APP)和三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)两种阻燃剂复配制备阻燃环氧树脂,最佳配方时阻燃剂添加量需要18wt%,因此急需一种阻燃效果更好更方便的阻燃体系。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无卤阻燃剂,该无卤阻燃剂在应用到无卤阻燃塑料环氧树脂当中后具有优良的阻燃性能、抗熔滴性能,同时能提高CTI值以及改善现有技术中无卤阻燃塑料着色不理想的问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂,该无卤阻燃环氧树脂由上述无卤阻燃剂制得。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,用于制备上述无卤阻燃环氧树脂并使其具有优良的阻燃性能、抗熔滴性能以及较高的CTI值。
本发明是采用以下技术方案实现的:
一种无卤阻燃剂,包括重量比依次为5~20:5~20:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12的第一组分、第二组分、第三组分和第四组分;
所述第一组分为:
所述第二组分为:
所述第三组分具有提升炭层阻隔功能,选自三氧化二铝、氧化亚铜、碳酸钙、碳酸锌、氢氧化镁、硼酸锌和二氧化锰中的至少一种,所述第四组分为纳米氧化石墨烯,具有结炭功能。
一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂,包括4~30重量份的上述无卤阻燃剂,70~90重量份的环氧树脂,8~18重量份的固化剂。
上述无卤阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,将所述环氧树脂、所述无卤阻燃剂混合后加热搅拌,加入所述固化剂后搅拌混合均匀制成预制料,将所述预制料置于模具中加热至80~180℃反应,冷却、脱模得到所述无卤阻燃环氧树脂热固性塑料。
本发明较佳实施例提供的无卤阻燃剂、无卤阻燃环氧树脂及其制备方法的有益效果是:无卤阻燃剂各组分可以协同发挥阻燃功能。其中第一组分为含磷和铝双阻燃元素的阻燃剂,结构中含有易自由基化的P-C键,主要能发挥气相阻燃功能;第二组分为无卤磷-氮系阻燃剂,结构中含有酸源和气源,主要发挥凝聚相阻燃功能;第四组分为纳米氧化石墨烯,结构中含有多种氧原子的官能团,主要发挥结炭功能;第三组分为金属化合物,具有提升炭层阻隔功能。四个组分以最佳比例复合能充分各自阻燃功能达到最佳协同阻燃性能,有利于降低阻燃剂总使用量,便能赋予材料较高的阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
一种无卤阻燃剂,包括有第一组分、第二组分、第三组分和第四组分。
其中:第一组分的结构式为:
第一组分可以以以下方式获取:将一水合次磷酸盐与乙酸酐混合于溶剂,在85℃~95℃条件及催化剂作用下反应,加入质量分数≥70%的硫酸,降温至10℃~20℃静置,过滤收集溶液,在0.1MPa~20MPa条件下向所述溶液中通入乙烯,加入引发物,加热搅拌反应得含二乙基次膦酸的第一溶液,蒸馏所述第一溶液得二乙基次膦酸溶液;
将所述二乙基次膦酸溶液与金属化合物混合反应,过滤得沉淀,洗涤所述沉淀后干燥,制得所述二乙基次磷酸盐,即得到第一组分。
所述第二组分的结构式为:可商购获得。
第三组分具有提升炭层阻隔功能,可以选用下列金属化合物中的一种或任意两种或多种的混合物:三氧化二铝、氧化亚铜、碳酸钙、碳酸锌、氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、二氧化锰等。
第四组分为结炭剂,例如为纳米氧化石墨烯。
第一组分、第二组分、第三组分和第四组分的重量比依次为5~20:5~20:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12。更优选的,第一组分、第二组分、第三组分和第四组分的重量比依次为9~18:9~18:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12。例如可以将第一组分、第二组分、第三组分和第四组分以18:8~10:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12的重量比混合或按照重量比8~10:18:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12的比例混合得到无卤阻燃剂。较佳的无卤阻燃剂配比是第一组分、第二组分、第三组分和第四组分的重量比为18:9:1:0.1或9:18:1:0.1。
利用上述的阻燃剂,本发明还提供一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂,包括4~30重量份的无卤阻燃剂,70~90重量份的环氧树脂,8~18重量份的固化剂。更优的,无卤阻燃环氧树脂,包括4~20重量份的无卤阻燃剂,80~90重量份的环氧树脂,8~15重量份的固化剂,更佳的,无卤阻燃环氧树脂,包括5重量份的无卤阻燃剂,84.8重量份的环氧树脂,10.2重量份的固化剂。
其中,环氧树脂是泛指分子中含有两个或两个以上环氧基团的有机化合物,由于分子结构中含有活泼的环氧基团,使它们可与多种类型的固化剂发生交联反应而形成不溶的具有三向网状结构的高聚物。环氧树脂具有力学性能好,附着力强,固化收缩率小,工艺性好等优良特点,适于用于制备环氧树脂。
作为优选,本发明较佳的实施例中,环氧树脂选择E51型环氧树脂或E44型环氧树脂,也可以是E51型环氧树脂和E44型环氧树脂的混合物。E51型环氧树脂和E44型环氧树脂分别指平均环氧值为51%的环氧树脂和平均环氧值为44%的环氧树脂,其中,平均环氧值是指每100g树脂中所含环氧基的当量数。
固化剂主要起到使塑料迅速固化成型的作用,例如可以选用间苯二胺、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、丙二烯三胺、二甲氨基丙胺等,也可以将上述各物质中的两种或两种以上按一定比例进行混合作为固化剂。
上述无卤阻燃环氧树脂可以采用以下方法进行制备:
将所述环氧树脂、所述无卤阻燃剂混合后加热搅拌,优选的加热搅拌方式是将所述环氧树脂以及所述无卤阻燃剂搅拌下加热至30℃~90℃,更佳的,在加热至30℃~90℃后,保持搅拌8~15min,例如以100~300r/min的搅拌速度搅拌。向其中加入所述固化剂后继续搅拌1~15min混合均匀制成预制料,将所述预制料置于模具中加热至80~180℃进行固化反应,反应时间优选控制在2~8h,冷却至室温后、脱模即可得到所述无卤阻燃环氧树脂热固性塑料。
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
称取2.1g第一组分,1.69g第二组分,0.19g三氧化二铝以及0.02g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取80g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入15g的间苯二胺固化剂,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于100℃恒温干燥箱中固化4h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
实施例2
称取11.9g第一组分,7.1g第二组分,0.94g氧化亚铜以及0.06g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取70g环氧树脂,预热到70℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入1g的乙二胺固化剂,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于80℃恒温干燥箱中固化5h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
实施例3
称取9.6g第一组分,19.2g第二组分,1.08g碳酸钙以及0.12g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取90g环氧树脂,预热到90℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入18g的间苯二胺固化剂和二乙烯三胺固化剂的混合物,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于120℃恒温干燥箱中固化4h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
实施例4
称取9.6g第一组分,4.8g第二组分,0.54g碳酸锌和三氧化二铝的混合物以及0.06g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取85g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入8g的间苯二胺固化剂和三乙烯四胺固化剂的混合物,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于140℃恒温干燥箱中固化4h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
实施例5
称取12.99g第一组分,3.24g第二组分,0.71g氢氧化镁以及0.06g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取75g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入9g的间苯二胺固化剂和四乙烯五胺的混合物,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于160℃恒温干燥箱中固化4h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
试验例1
称取0.96g第一组分,3.86g第二组分,0.16g三氧化二铝以及0.02g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取84.8g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入10.2g的间苯二胺固化剂,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于180℃恒温干燥箱中固化4h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
试验例2
称取2.24g第一组分,4.48g第二组分,0.25g硼酸锌以及0.03g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取81g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入12g的丙二烯三胺固化剂,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于80°C恒温干燥箱中固化5h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
试验例3
称取1.83g第一组分,3.42g第二组分,0.23g二氧化锰以及0.02g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取85.5g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入9g的二甲氨基丙胺固化剂,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于120°C恒温干燥箱中固化6h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
试验例4
称取3.18g第一组分,1.59g第二组分,0.21g三氧化二铝以及0.02g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取84.8g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入10.2g的间苯二胺固化剂,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于120℃恒温干燥箱中固化4h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
试验例5
称取3.12g第一组分,2.65g第二组分,0.21g三氧化二铝以及0.02g纳米氧化石墨烯混合均匀得无卤阻燃剂。
称取84.8g环氧树脂,预热到80℃,加入上述步骤获得的无卤阻燃剂,搅拌8分钟至无卤阻燃剂与环氧树脂混合均匀,再加入10.2g的间苯二胺固化剂,搅拌6分钟,倒入预热的模具中,置于120℃恒温干燥箱中固化4h,冷却脱模得到无卤阻燃环氧树脂。
对上述试验例获得的无卤阻燃环氧树脂进行极限氧指数测定和阻燃性能测试,其中极限氧指数是指聚合物在氧和氮混合气体中当刚能支撑其燃烧时氧的体积分数浓度。测试方式如下:
1.极限氧指数测定:采用JF-3型极限氧指数仪,样品条规格为:长×宽×厚=130.0mm×6.5mm×3.2mm。测试时采用二分法逐渐得到最终的LOI值,反复测试三次使误差小于0.5%。
2.阻燃性能测试:采用CZF-3型水平垂直燃烧仪器,样品条规格为:长×宽×厚=130.0mm×12.7mm×3.2mm。根据下表给出的等级划分对样品的阻燃性能进行判断。
表1无卤阻燃环氧树脂阻燃性能测试结果标准(UL94V)
按上述测试方法测定试验例1~5所获得的无卤阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数和阻燃性能等级,测试结果见表2。
表2测试结果
对于极限氧指数大于27%的物质为难燃材料,由上表数据可知,试验例1~5获得的无卤阻燃环氧树脂极限氧指数指标均显著大于27%,且在阻燃性能测试中具有良好的性能表现,因此可以推知按本发明获得的无卤阻燃环氧树脂均具有良好的阻燃性能。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,包括重量比依次为5~20:5~20:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12的第一组分、第二组分、第三组分和第四组分;
所述第一组分为:
所述第二组分为:
所述第三组分选自三氧化二铝、氧化亚铜、碳酸钙、碳酸锌、氢氧化镁、硼酸锌和二氧化锰中的至少一种,具有提升炭层阻隔功能。所述第四组分为纳米氧化石墨烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述无卤阻燃剂包括重量比依次为9~18:9~18:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12的所述第一组分、所述第二组分、所述第三组分和所述第四组分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述无卤阻燃剂包括重量比依次为8~10:18:0.8~1.2:0.08~0.12的所述第一组分、所述第二组分、所述第三组分和所述第四组分。
4.一种无卤阻燃环氧树脂,其特征在于,包括4~30重量份的如权利要求1至3任一项所述的无卤阻燃剂,70~90重量份的环氧树脂,8~18重量份的固化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃环氧树脂,其特征在于,包括4~20重量份的所述无卤阻燃剂,80~90重量份的所述环氧树脂,8~15重量份的所述固化剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃环氧树脂,其特征在于,包括5重量份的所述无卤阻燃剂,84.8重量份的所述环氧树脂,10.2重量份的所述固化剂。
7.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃环氧树脂,其特征在于,所述固化剂选自间苯二胺、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、丙二烯三胺和二甲氨基丙胺中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求4所述的无卤阻燃环氧树脂,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为平均环氧值为51%的环氧树脂或平均环氧值为44%的环氧树脂。
9.一种如权利要求4至8任一项所述的无卤阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述环氧树脂、所述无卤阻燃剂混合后加热搅拌,加入所述固化剂后搅拌混合均匀制成预制料,将所述预制料置于模具中加热至80~180℃反应,冷却、脱模得到所述无卤阻燃环氧树脂热固性塑料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的无卤阻燃环氧树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热搅拌是将所述环氧树脂以及所述无卤阻燃剂搅拌下加热至30℃~90℃。
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CN107163473A (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-15 | 苏州蔻美新材料有限公司 | 一种环保型无卤阻燃剂的制备方法及其应用 |
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CN115558375A (zh) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-03 | 西华大学 | 一种金属掺杂膨胀阻燃涂覆液、阻燃剂及其制备和应用 |
CN115558375B (zh) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-09-29 | 西华大学 | 一种金属掺杂膨胀阻燃涂覆液、阻燃剂及其制备和应用 |
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