CN106376901B - A kind of fast Semen Nelumbinis (processed) paste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick-ripening lotus seed paste and a preparation method thereof. Using lotus seeds, barley, milk powder, white sesame seeds, sucrose and red beans as raw materials, the method for rapidly ripening lotus seed paste by utilizing solid-state gas explosion technology. The manufacturing steps include: Impurity removal, cleaning, and solid-state gas explosion technology to rapidly ripen the crude lotus seed paste (air explosion process: temperature 40-160℃, pressure rise to 0.1-1.2MPa within 5-25min, pressure reduction instantaneously after 20-120s), cooling, Drying, roasting white sesame seeds, mixing and encapsulating a total of 7 processes, the process is simple, easy to operate and efficient. The rationally matched lotus seed paste of the invention has unique taste, mellow smell, rich nutrition and strong health care function, is a lotus seed processed product accepted and loved by the masses, and broadens the types of lotus seed products.

Description

A kind of quick-ripening lotus seed paste and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a quick-ripening lotus seed paste and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Lotus seeds, also known as lotus seeds, lotus seeds, water zhidan. Li Shizhen praised lotus seeds in "Compendium of Materia Medica" for "invigorating the mind, quenching thirst and removing heat, relieving dysentery, nourishing heart and kidney, strengthening essence and qi, strengthening muscles and bones, nourishing deficiency and damage, sharpening ears and eyes, removing cold and dampness. And women with collapse" and other effects, is regarded as a nourishing holy product. Lotus seeds are rich in nutrients, containing 16.6% protein, 2.0% fat, and more than 66% carbohydrates. They also contain a variety of trace elements and vitamins. Each 100g edible part contains 100 mg of calcium, 220 mg of phosphorus, and 5-6 mg of iron. Studies have shown that the starch content in lotus seeds is as high as more than 50% of the dry basis of lotus seeds, which is the main component of lotus seeds, of which amylose accounts for 42% of the total starch, which is a specific starch with high amylose content. Rejuvenation and aging, which makes the deep-processed lotus seeds rejuvenate after being placed for a period of time, and the taste becomes worse. Zeng Shaoxiao reported the effects of high pressure homogenization, ultrasonic and microwave treatments on lotus seed starch. The results showed that high pressure homogenization treatment can significantly reduce the intrinsic viscosity of lotus seed starch. It also increases with the increase of homogenization pressure, and can well maintain the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of lotus seeds; in addition, lotus seed starch can be used as a new bifidogenic growth factor to replace the glucose in the original medium. Bacillus has a proliferation effect, and the effect is close to isomaltooligosaccharide.

The solid-state gas explosion technology mainly uses high temperature and high pressure and water vapor to cook the material, and realizes the component separation and structural change of the material through the instantaneous pressure relief process. In the steam explosion process, there are synergistic effects of acid-like hydrolysis, thermal degradation, mechanical fracture-like, hydrogen bond destruction and structural rearrangement. This process can be divided into 2 stages. The first is the steam-phase cooking stage: the plant material with cell structure is steam-cooked under high temperature and high pressure medium, the high-pressure steam penetrates into the gaps in the material, and the insoluble polysaccharide in the lotus seed fiber produces some acidic substances, which degrade the insoluble polysaccharide into Soluble sugars, while the non-starch polysaccharides in the composite intercellular layer soften and partially degrade, reduce the adhesive strength of non-starch polysaccharides, and produce acid-like degradation, thermal degradation and physical fracture of non-starch polysaccharides. The high-pressure treatment of ripened lotus seed paste can well maintain its hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. The second is the blasting stage: the two media of vapor-phase saturated steam and high-temperature liquid water are used to act on the material together, and the pressure is suddenly released, and the medium and the material jointly complete the physical energy release. This process is an instantaneous adiabatic process and works externally. The softened material undergoes shear deformation motion under the impact of expanding gas, and separates. In this process, the steam water molecules that have penetrated into the microfibril crystal bundles inside the insoluble polysaccharide are released instantaneously at a high speed in the form of air flow, which will also cause friction and collision between the microfibrils and the unit cells of the insoluble polysaccharide, causing the crystal The area becomes smaller, the surface of the accessible crystalline area increases, and the hydrogen bonds between the amorphous area and the crystalline area are broken and rearranged, which is beneficial to the dissolution of the target substance, which can effectively improve the dissolution rate of lotus seed starch. Due to the high moisture content of the material, the solid-state gas explosion technology inhibits the browning of the material, which is more conducive to providing a product with good color and improving its physiological activity. The solid-state gas explosion technology can achieve a similar puffing effect. While quickly ripening the lotus seed paste, it avoids the phenomenon of gelatinization and retrogradation of the lotus seed starch caused by other curing methods, and optimizes the quality of the product. It is a potential product in the field of food puffing processing. a new technology.

Microwave vacuum drying technology combines microwave drying and vacuum drying to create a special drying environment. During the drying process, microwaves provide gentle and balanced heat to the material, and the presence of a vacuum state enables lower drying temperatures. In general, MVD has the following characteristics: low drying temperature and isolation of oxygen, little damage to heat-sensitive or oxidizable substances in food such as pigments, vitamins, etc.; largely retains the original flavor of food, and the consistency of the final product Better; using this technology to dry the crude lotus seed paste can more effectively protect the color of the product, and the flavor, texture, rehydration, etc. are also better than traditional hot air drying products; during the drying process, the surface and interior of the material are heated at the same time, so the drying rate is fast, The drying time is short; the drying energy consumption is small, and the heat energy utilization rate is high; Low, high safety in use; easy adjustment of drying parameters and rapid process control.

The lotus seed products that have been developed so far have a single variety, and consumers have a narrow range of choices, and there is no quick and simple industrialized production method of lotus seed paste on the market. Most of them are home-made lotus seed paste that is cumbersome and time-consuming. CN104397597A discloses a kind of lotus seed noodle with health care function and its preparation method. The steps are as follows: the whole lotus seed powder, water, flour, salt, tapioca flour and edible oil treated with ultra-high pressure are used as raw materials, and the noodles, fried dough sticks, The vermicelli, skewered noodles, and ramen noodles are combined with solar energy and heat pump to dry and pack to prepare lotus seed noodles with health care functions. CN104824567A discloses a variety of methods for preparing Ejiao rice paste granules. The steps are as follows: mixing Ejiao or Ejiao products, corn or corn products, white rice or white rice products or black rice or black rice products, millet and pitted red dates, crushing, adding water, so that the water content of the obtained system is 18%-30%, followed by extrusion, granulation, and drying in order to obtain donkey-hide gelatin rice paste granules. This method adopts extrusion and puffing treatment. During the extrusion process, the heat absorbed by the material mainly comes from the heat transmitted by the barrel wall and the heat generated by shearing and friction. The former plays a greater role. The puffing temperature is the barrel temperature. When the puffing temperature is high, the material will absorb more heat in the limited residence time, which is beneficial to the puffing of the raw material. However, if the temperature is too high, the material will undergo Maillard reaction, which will reduce the puffing rate and affect the nutrition. absorption of substances. In the non-patent document "Development of Mixed Nutritional Lotus Seed Paste", Food Science, Vol. 17, No. 07, 1996, pages 65-66, Lin Zhengming et al. disclose a preparation method of mixed nutritional lotus seed paste. Select fresh Xiangtan white lotus, milk powder, soybeans, etc., use a grain extruder for puffing treatment, and mix and mix to make lotus seed paste. The method is easy to cause browning and aging of the lotus seeds during the puffing process, which affects the quality of the obtained lotus seed paste product. Compared with the puffing methods used in the above-mentioned patents and non-patent documents, the solid-state gas explosion technology can also achieve similar puffing effects, while rapidly ripening the lotus seed paste, the browning of the material can be suppressed, its nutrition can be maintained, and the lotus seed starch paste can also be avoided. The phenomenon of post-chemical rejuvenation optimizes the quality of the product. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a high-quality, simple, efficient, nutritious, and health-care preparation method for lotus seed paste using solid-state gas explosion technology.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of quick-ripening lotus seed paste and a preparation method thereof for the deficiencies of the prior art. The invention uses lotus seeds as raw materials, so that the product has the functions of nourishing the stomach, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, lowering blood sugar, etc., providing consumers with a new type of lotus seed paste with nutrition, deliciousness and strong health care function, and broadening the types of lotus seed products.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:

A kind of fast-ripening lotus seed paste, the lotus seed paste is made from the following raw materials by weight: 60-65% of lotus seeds, 5-10% of barley, 5-10% of red beans, 2-5% of milk powder, 3-6% of white sesame seeds and sucrose 10-15%, the sum of the weight percentages of each raw material is 100%.

The preparation method of the described rapid ripening lotus seed paste is that the raw materials are subjected to impurity removal, cleaning, and solid-state gas explosion technology to ripen the crude lotus seed paste (air explosion process: temperature is 40-160 DEG C, and the pressure is increased to 0.1-1.2MPa in 5-25min. , the pressure is maintained for 20-120s and the pressure is reduced instantly), cooling, drying, roasting white sesame seeds, mixing and packaging in a proportion to obtain a finished product, which specifically includes the following steps:

(1) Impurity removal: choose fresh lotus seeds with white appearance, full particles, no pests and diseases, no mildew, no mechanical damage, remove the lotus heart, and select high-quality white sesame, barley and red beans; Use a dustpan to sieve off sand, weeds, dust and other impurities;

(2) Cleaning: the weight ratios after removing impurities are 60-65% lotus seeds, 5-10% barley and 5-10% red beans, soaked in water for 2-3 minutes, rinsed and filtered to obtain clean raw materials and pulverized to 60%. -100 mesh, mixed for standby;

(3) ripening lotus seed paste by solid air explosion technology: the water content of the mixture obtained in step (2) is adjusted to 50-300wt%, and then placed in a sealed air explosion device; The pressure is increased to 0.1-1.2MPa within -25min, and the pressure is reduced instantly after the pressure is maintained for 20-120s; the materials obtained are collected and processed to obtain the ripened lotus seed paste crude product;

(4) Cooling and drying: the crude lotus seed paste obtained in step (3) is spread out and placed in a ventilated place, and placed in a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave vacuum drying; the technological parameters of microwave vacuum drying are: the degree of vacuum is -0.09~- 0.06MPa, microwave power is 1-4kw, when the temperature of the crude lotus seed paste in the drying room is 48±2℃, the drying is stopped, and the drying time is 10-40min;

(5) Roasting white sesame seeds: take white sesame seeds with a weight ratio of 3-6%, and bake them in an oven at 120-150 °C for 20-30 minutes. Cool to 30-40℃;

(6) Proportion mixing: After mixing the crude lotus seed paste obtained in step (4) and the white sesame obtained in step (5), the weight ratio is 2-5% milk powder, 10-15% sucrose, and then put into a mixer and fully mixed. Mix well to get lotus seed paste finished product;

(7) Packaging: the finished lotus seed paste is sterilized, sealed in quantitative bags, vacuum-packed, and sent to a constant temperature storage warehouse for storage.

The significant advantages of the present invention are:

(1) The present invention adopts solid-state gas explosion technology to rapidly ripen lotus seed paste, the raw material is suddenly reduced from high temperature and high pressure to normal temperature and normal pressure in an instant, the moisture inside the raw material is suddenly vaporized, the gas suddenly expands, and explosion occurs, thereby making lotus seed starch etc. The tissue is spongy, the volume increases, some structural tissues such as fiber bundles are destroyed, and the contents are exposed, which is conducive to the dissolution of the target substance, and improves the yield of lotus seed starch. Its hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. In the process of gas explosion, a puffing-like effect can be produced, so that the lotus seed paste can be rapidly cooked, avoiding the phenomenon of gelatinization and retrogradation of lotus seed starch caused by other curing methods, and improving the quality of the product. Due to the high moisture content of the material, the solid-state gas explosion technology inhibits the browning of the material, which is more conducive to providing a product with good color and lustre, and improving its physiological activity, and the obtained lotus seed paste has high nutritional value.

(2) Compared with traditional drying technologies such as hot air drying, vacuum drying, and microwave drying, microwave vacuum drying technology combines microwave heating and vacuum drying to dry crude lotus seed paste. The drying temperature is low and oxygen is isolated, which can be more effective. Protect the color, flavor, texture, rehydration, etc. of the lotus seed paste; maintain the original flavor and nutrition of the lotus seed paste to a large extent, and the consistency of the final product is good. During the drying process, the surface and interior of the material are heated at the same time, so the drying rate is fast and the time is short; the utilization rate of drying heat energy is high, and the energy consumption is low; the equipment occupies a small area, the cost and operating cost are low, the operating temperature and pressure are low, and the use High safety; the equipment is airtight and does not produce toxic and harmful substances or wastes, and does not pollute the environment; the drying parameters are easy to adjust and the process can be quickly controlled.

(3) The method of the present invention is simple and efficient in operation, and is suitable for industrialized production.

Detailed ways

In order to make the content of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

(1) Impurity removal: choose fresh lotus seeds with white appearance, full particles, no pests and diseases, no mildew, no mechanical damage, and the lotus hearts are removed, and high-quality white sesame seeds, barley and red beans are selected; the lotus seeds, barley and red beans to be processed , respectively, use a dustpan to sieve off sand, weeds, dust and other impurities;

(2) Cleaning: 60% lotus seeds, 10% coix seed and 10% red beans were soaked in water for 2 minutes respectively after removing impurities, washed and filtered to obtain clean raw materials and then pulverized to 60 mesh, mixed for later use;

(3) Maturation of lotus seed paste by solid-state gas explosion technology: adjust the water content of the clean raw material in the step (2) to 100wt%, and then place it in a sealed air explosion device, so that the temperature in the air explosion device rises to 80 ℃, and the pressure Rise to 0.6MPa within 25min, and instantly reduce the pressure after maintaining the pressure for 90s; collect and process the obtained materials to obtain the ripened lotus seed paste crude product;

(4) Cooling and drying: the crude lotus seed paste in the step (3) is spread out and placed in a ventilated place, and placed in a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave vacuum drying; the technological parameters of microwave vacuum drying are: the degree of vacuum is -0.06 MPa, the microwave power is 3kw, when the temperature of the crude lotus seed paste in the drying room is 48°C, the drying is stopped, and the drying time is 13min;

(5) Roasting white sesame seeds: take white sesame seeds with a weight ratio of 5%, bake them in a 120°C oven for 30 minutes, and after they are cooked and produce fragrance, spread them out in a ventilated place, and naturally cool to 30°C;

(6) Proportion mixing: after mixing the lotus seed paste crude product obtained in step (4) and the white sesame obtained in step (5), the lotus seed paste finished product is obtained in a weight ratio of 3% milk powder, 12% sucrose, and step (5);

(7) Packaging: the finished lotus seed paste is sterilized, sealed in quantitative bags, vacuum-packed, and sent to a constant temperature storage warehouse for storage.

Example 2

(1) Impurity removal: choose fresh lotus seeds with white appearance, full particles, no pests and diseases, no mildew, no mechanical damage, and the lotus hearts are removed, and high-quality white sesame seeds, barley and red beans are selected; the lotus seeds, barley and red beans to be processed , respectively, use a dustpan to remove sand, weeds, dust and other impurities.

(2) Cleaning: 62% lotus seeds, 8% coix seed and 10% red beans with a weight ratio of removing impurities were soaked in clean water for 2.5 minutes respectively, washed and filtered to obtain clean raw materials and then pulverized to 80 mesh, mixed for subsequent use;

(3) Maturation of lotus seed paste by solid-state gas explosion technology: adjust the water content of the clean raw material in the step (2) to 200wt%, and then place it in a sealed air explosion device, so that the temperature in the air explosion device rises to 100 ℃, and the pressure Rise to 0.8MPa within 15min, and reduce the pressure instantly after maintaining the pressure for 60s; collect and process the material obtained to obtain the ripened lotus seed paste crude product;

(4) Cooling and drying: the crude lotus seed paste in the step (3) is spread out and placed in a ventilated place, and placed in a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave vacuum drying; the technological parameters of microwave vacuum drying are: the degree of vacuum is -0.09 MPa, the microwave power is 4kw, when the temperature of the crude lotus seed paste in the drying room is 50 ℃, the drying is stopped, and the drying time is 10min;

(5) Roasting white sesame seeds: take the white sesame seeds with a weight ratio of 6%, bake them in an oven at 125°C for 25 minutes, and after they are cooked and produce fragrance, spread them out and place them in a ventilated place, and naturally cool to 35°C;

(6) Proportion mixing: after taking the weight ratio of 4% milk powder, 10% sucrose, the lotus seed paste crude product obtained in step (4) and the white sesame obtained in step (5), the lotus seed paste finished product is obtained.

(7) Packaging: The finished lotus seed paste is sterilized and sealed in quantitative bags, vacuum-packed, and sent to a constant temperature storage warehouse for storage.

Example 3

(1) Impurity removal: choose fresh lotus seeds with white appearance, full particles, no pests and diseases, no mildew, no mechanical damage, and poke the lotus heart, and choose high-quality white sesame, barley and red beans; For red beans, use a dustpan to sieve off sand, weeds, dust and other impurities;

(2) Cleaning: 65% lotus seeds, 8% coix seed and 6% red bean were soaked in water for 3 minutes in the weight ratio after impurity removal, rinsed and filtered to obtain clean raw materials and then pulverized to 100 mesh, mixed for later use;

(3) Maturation of lotus seed paste by solid-state gas explosion technology: adjust the water content of the clean raw material in the step (2) to 250wt%, and then place it in a sealed air explosion device, so that the temperature in the air explosion device rises to 120 ℃, and the pressure Rise to 1.0 MPa within 10 min, and instantly reduce the pressure after maintaining the pressure for 30 s; collect and process the obtained material to obtain the ripened lotus seed paste crude product;

(4) Cooling and drying: the crude lotus seed paste in the step (3) is spread out and placed in a ventilated place, and placed in a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave vacuum drying; the microwave vacuum drying process is: the degree of vacuum is -0.06MPa , the microwave power is 1kw, when the temperature of the crude lotus seed paste in the drying room is 47°C, the drying is stopped, and the drying time is 20min;

(5) Roasting white sesame seeds: take white sesame seeds with a weight ratio of 4%, bake them in an oven at 130 °C for 20 minutes, and after they are cooked and produce fragrance, spread them out in a ventilated place, and naturally cool to 40 °C;

(6) Proportion mixing: get lotus seed paste crude product obtained in step (4) after mixing with the white sesame obtained in step (5), to obtain lotus seed paste finished product;

(7) Packaging: the finished lotus seed paste is sterilized, sealed in quantitative bags, vacuum-packed, and sent to a constant temperature storage warehouse for storage.

Performance Testing

The sensory evaluation criteria of lotus seed paste are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Sensory evaluation criteria of lotus seed paste

The statistical effects of different puffing techniques on the comments of various factors of lotus seed paste are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Statistical effects/points of different puffing techniques on the comments of various factors of lotus seed paste

As can be seen from Table 2, the solid-state gas explosion technology can achieve the same puffing effect compared with other puffing technologies, and has obvious advantages in the maintenance of color and luster, taste and smell, viscosity, solubility and other product qualities. The solid-state gas explosion technology makes the lotus seed paste quickly ripen, avoiding the phenomenon of gelatinization and retrogradation of lotus seed starch caused by other curing methods; it also further ruptures the lotus seed cell wall and dissolves the nutrients in the cells, improving the nutritional value and bioavailability of the obtained lotus seed paste. rate, to ensure the quality of the product.

The statistical effects of different drying techniques on the comments of various factors of lotus seed paste are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Statistical effects/points of different drying techniques on the comments of various factors of lotus seed paste

It can be seen from Table 3 that compared with microwave drying and vacuum drying technology, microwave vacuum drying technology organically combines the advantages of both. The low drying temperature can better maintain the nutrients in the lotus seed paste. Compared with hot air drying, microwave vacuum drying technology can effectively reduce the loss of heat-sensitive functional components and protect the color, flavor and texture of products. At the same time, microwave vacuum drying technology heats the surface and interior of materials during the drying process, which overcomes the traditional The hot air drying rate is slow, the drying time is long, the energy consumption is large, the utilization rate of heat energy is low, and the cost is high.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a preparation method of quick-ripening lotus seed paste, is characterized in that: adopt solid-state gas explosion technology to rapidly ripen lotus seed paste; Described lotus seed paste is made from the raw material of following percentage by weight: lotus seed 60-65%, barley 5-10% , red bean 5-10%, milk powder 2-5%, white sesame 3-6% and sucrose 10-15%, the sum of the weight percentages of each raw material is 100%; Its process includes the following steps: (1) Impurity removal: choose fresh lotus seeds with white appearance, full particles, no pests and diseases, no mildew, no mechanical damage, and remove the lotus heart, and select high-quality white sesame, barley and red beans; the lotus seeds, barley and red beans to be processed, Use a dustpan to remove sand, weeds and dust impurities; (2) Cleaning: the weight ratio after removing impurities is 60-65% lotus seeds, 5-10% barley and 5-10% red beans, soaked in clean water for 2-3 minutes, rinsed and filtered to obtain clean raw materials, pulverized, mixed for later use ; (3) ripening lotus seed paste by solid air explosion technology: the water content of the mixture obtained in step (2) is adjusted to 50-300wt%, and then placed in a sealed air explosion device; The pressure is increased to 0.1-1.2MPa within -25min, and the pressure is reduced instantly after the pressure is maintained for 20-120s; the obtained materials are collected and processed to obtain the ripened lotus seed paste crude product; (4) Cooling and drying: spread out the crude lotus seed paste obtained in step (3) and place it in a ventilated place, put it into a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave vacuum drying; stop when the temperature of the crude lotus seed paste in the drying room is 48±2°C dry; (5) Roasting white sesame seeds: take white sesame seeds with a weight ratio of 3-6%, and bake them in an oven at 120-150 °C for 20-30 minutes. Cool to 30-40℃; (6) Proportion mixing: After mixing the crude lotus seed paste obtained in step (4) and the white sesame obtained in step (5), the weight ratio is 2-5% milk powder, 10-15% sucrose, and then put into a mixer and fully mixed. Mix well to get lotus seed paste finished product; (7) Packaging: the finished lotus seed paste is sterilized, sealed in quantitative bags, vacuum-packed, and sent to a constant temperature storage warehouse for storage. 2. The preparation method of quick-ripening lotus seed paste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials in step (2) are pulverized to 60-100 mesh. 3. the preparation method of quick-ripening lotus seed paste according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the technological parameter of microwave vacuum drying in step (4) is: vacuum degree is-0.09～-0.06MPa, microwave power is 1-4kw , the drying time is 10-40min.