CN106370535A - Tempering hardness conversion method of P92 steel - Google Patents
Tempering hardness conversion method of P92 steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种P92钢的回火硬度换算方法，其包括以下步骤：在P92钢管的同一位置截取多个试件，对试件进行正火工艺处理后，再通过调整回火处理温度及时间以对其进行不同的回火处理，得到具有不同回火硬度的P92钢试件；对得到的P92钢试件表面分别进行研磨及抛光后，采用台式布氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的实际布氏硬度，采用里氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的布氏硬度；以所测布氏硬度为纵坐标，实际布氏硬度为横坐标，建立HBHLD‑HBW对比图，再通过线性回归得到线性关系式：HBHLD＝20.6+0.84×HBW；采用里氏硬度计测得待测P92钢试件的布氏硬度后，按照线性关系式获得该待测P92钢试件的实际布氏硬度。
The invention provides a tempering hardness conversion method of P92 steel, which comprises the following steps: intercepting a plurality of test pieces at the same position of P92 steel pipes, performing normalizing process on the test pieces, and then adjusting the tempering temperature and time To carry out different tempering treatments on it to obtain P92 steel specimens with different tempering hardness; after grinding and polishing the surface of the obtained P92 steel specimens, the P92 steel specimens were measured with a desktop Brinell hardness tester The actual Brinell hardness of the P92 steel specimen is measured by a Leeb hardness tester; the measured Brinell hardness is taken as the ordinate, and the actual Brinell hardness is taken as the abscissa, to establish a HBHLD‑HBW comparison chart, and then pass Linear regression obtains the linear relational formula: HBHLD=20.6+0.84×HBW; after the Brinell hardness of the P92 steel specimen to be tested is measured by the Leeb hardness tester, the actual Brinell hardness of the P92 steel specimen to be tested is obtained according to the linear relational formula hardness.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种P92钢的回火硬度换算方法，属于P92钢热处理技术领域。The invention relates to a tempering hardness conversion method of P92 steel, which belongs to the technical field of P92 steel heat treatment.
背景技术Background technique
P92钢具有优异的高温强度、良好的抗氧化性能以及热物性参数，是中国超超临界机组的主要应用钢种，其主要用在主蒸汽管道和再热蒸汽管道。由于硬度检测不需要破坏工件，在工程现场接近于“无损”检测，回火硬度也成为实际工程中验收P92钢的主要性能指标之一，并且在某些情况下，硬度也是唯一的表征该钢种的性能指标。P92钢的硬度验收通常以布氏硬度(HBW)值为准，但因布氏硬度测量的局限性，现场检测大多采用里氏硬度计进行，然后再按照里氏硬度计中固有的换算关系将里氏硬度值(HLD)换算为相应的布氏硬度值(HBHLD)作为验收依据，但由于里氏硬度计中的换算关系往往受到钢种等其他因素的影响，进而导致不同钢种的硬度值在进行硬度换算时存在偏差，在P92钢验收时常产生一些分歧。当对硬度检测结果存在分歧时，可以通过对被检测工件进行取样，在实验室检测其布氏硬度(HBW)，并将该布氏硬度作为最终的硬度结果，但该方法需要破坏工件。P92 steel has excellent high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and thermophysical parameters. It is the main steel type used in ultra-supercritical units in China, and it is mainly used in main steam pipes and reheat steam pipes. Since the hardness test does not need to destroy the workpiece, it is close to "non-destructive" testing at the engineering site, and the tempering hardness has also become one of the main performance indicators for the acceptance of P92 steel in actual engineering, and in some cases, the hardness is also the only characterization of the steel Species of performance indicators. The hardness acceptance of P92 steel is usually based on the Brinell hardness (HBW) value, but due to the limitations of the Brinell hardness measurement, the on-site testing is mostly carried out with the Leeb hardness tester, and then according to the inherent conversion relationship in the Leeb hardness tester. The Leeb hardness value (HLD) is converted to the corresponding Brinell hardness value (HBHLD) as the basis for acceptance, but because the conversion relationship in the Leeb hardness tester is often affected by other factors such as steel types, the hardness values of different steel types There are deviations in the conversion of hardness, and some differences often arise in the acceptance of P92 steel. When there is disagreement on the hardness test results, the tested workpiece can be sampled, and its Brinell hardness (HBW) can be tested in the laboratory, and the Brinell hardness can be used as the final hardness result, but this method needs to destroy the workpiece.
因此，有必要建立P92钢的里氏硬度计测得的布氏硬度(HBHLD)同实际布氏硬度(HBW)之间的关系。Therefore, it is necessary to establish the relationship between the Brinell hardness (HBHLD) measured by the Leeb hardness tester of P92 steel and the actual Brinell hardness (HBW).
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述的缺点和不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种P92钢的回火硬度换算方法。In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies, the object of the present invention is to provide a tempering hardness conversion method of P92 steel.
为达到上述目的，本发明提供一种P92钢的回火硬度换算方法，其包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of tempering hardness conversion method of P92 steel, which comprises the following steps:
(1)、在P92钢管的同一位置截取多个试件，对所述试件进行正火工艺处理后，再通过调整回火处理温度及时间以对其进行不同的回火处理，得到具有不同回火硬度的P92钢试件；(1), intercept a plurality of test pieces at the same position of P92 steel pipe, after carrying out normalizing process to described test piece, carry out different tempering treatments to it again by adjusting tempering treatment temperature and time, obtain having different P92 steel specimen with tempered hardness;
(2)、对步骤(1)得到的P92钢试件表面分别进行研磨及抛光后，采用台式布氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的实际布氏硬度(HBW)，采用里氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的布氏硬度(HBHLD)；(2), after the surface of the P92 steel test piece obtained in step (1) is ground and polished respectively, the actual Brinell hardness (HBW) of the P92 steel test piece is measured by a desktop Brinell hardness tester, and the Leeb hardness tester is adopted Measure the Brinell hardness (HBHLD) of this P92 steel specimen;
(3)、以步骤(2)所测布氏硬度为纵坐标，实际布氏硬度为横坐标，建立HBHLD-HBW对比图，再通过线性回归得到线性关系式：HBHLD＝20.6+0.84×HBW；(3), take the measured Brinell hardness of step (2) as the ordinate, and the actual Brinell hardness as the abscissa, establish the HBHLD-HBW comparison chart, then obtain the linear relational formula by linear regression: HBHLD=20.6+0.84×HBW;
(4)、采用里氏硬度计测得待测P92钢试件的布氏硬度后，按照步骤(3)所述的线性关系式换算得到该待测P92钢试件的实际布氏硬度。(4), after adopting the Leeb hardness meter to measure the Brinell hardness of the P92 steel test piece to be measured, the actual Brinell hardness of the P92 steel test piece to be measured is obtained according to the linear relational formula described in step (3).
根据本发明所述的方法，优选地，所述试件的厚度均在25-30mm之间。According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the thickness of the test pieces is between 25-30mm.
根据本发明所述的方法，优选地，步骤(1)所述正火工艺按以下步骤进行：1065℃保温45分钟后空冷。According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the normalizing process in step (1) is carried out according to the following steps: 1065° C. for 45 minutes and then air cooling.
根据本发明所述的方法，优选地，步骤(1)所述回火处理按以下步骤进行：740-790℃保温15-360分钟后空冷。According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the tempering treatment in step (1) is carried out according to the following steps: keep warm at 740-790° C. for 15-360 minutes and then air-cool.
根据本发明所述的方法，优选地，步骤(2)所述实际布氏硬度的测量包括以下步骤：According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the measurement of the actual Brinell hardness described in step (2) comprises the following steps:
按照GB/T231.1-2009《金属材料布氏硬度试验》的要求，采用台式布氏硬度计测量每个试件的实际布氏硬度，其中，每个试件测量三点并取三点硬度的平均值为该试件的实际布氏硬度，其测试条件为Φ5mm压头，加载载荷750kg，加载时间为10s。In accordance with the requirements of GB/T231.1-2009 "Brinell Hardness Test of Metallic Materials", the actual Brinell hardness of each test piece is measured with a bench-top Brinell hardness tester. Among them, three points are measured for each test piece and three points of hardness are taken. The average value of is the actual Brinell hardness of the specimen, the test condition is Φ5mm indenter, the loading load is 750kg, and the loading time is 10s.
根据本发明所述的方法，优选地，步骤(2)所述采用里氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的布氏硬度包括以下步骤：According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the Brinell hardness of this P92 steel test piece measured by the Leeb hardness meter described in step (2) comprises the following steps:
按照GB/T17394.1-2014《金属材料里氏硬度试验》的要求，采用里氏硬度计测量每个试件的布氏硬度，其中，所测位置为测试实际布氏硬度时所选三点布氏硬度压痕周围5-10mm，每一个压痕周围测试5点布氏硬度值并取5点硬度的平均值为该布氏硬度压痕的布氏硬度，再取三点布氏硬度压痕的硬度平均值为该试件的布氏硬度。According to the requirements of GB/T17394.1-2014 "Leeb Hardness Test of Metallic Materials", the Brinell hardness of each test piece is measured with a Leeb hardness tester, and the measured positions are three points selected when testing the actual Brinell hardness 5-10mm around the Brinell hardness indentation, test 5 points of Brinell hardness value around each indentation and take the average value of the 5 points of hardness as the Brinell hardness of the Brinell hardness indentation, and then take three points of Brinell hardness indentation The average hardness of the marks is the Brinell hardness of the specimen.
根据本发明所述的方法，本发明所用的台式布氏硬度计及里氏硬度计均为本领域使用的常规设备。According to the method of the present invention, the desktop Brinell hardness tester and the Leeb hardness tester used in the present invention are conventional equipment used in the art.
本发明对P92钢试件的里氏硬度计测得的布氏硬度(HBHLD)和实际布氏硬度(HBW)都进行了测量，建立了P92钢的里氏硬度计测得的布氏硬度(HBHLD)同布氏硬度(HBW)之间更为准确的硬度换算关系，可以解决工程现场用里氏硬度计测得的布氏硬度(HBHLD)同真实布氏硬度(HBW)之间存在的偏差问题，减少分歧。The present invention has all measured Brinell hardness (HBHLD) and actual Brinell hardness (HBW) that the Leeb hardness meter of P92 steel test piece records, has set up the Brinell hardness (HBHLD) that the Leeb hardness meter of P92 steel records. The more accurate hardness conversion relationship between HBHLD) and Brinell hardness (HBW) can solve the deviation between the Brinell hardness (HBHLD) measured by the Leeb hardness tester on the engineering site and the real Brinell hardness (HBW) problems and reduce disagreements.
本发明通过一系列的P92钢回火试验，得出P92钢的不同硬度分布，测出其布氏硬度，并按照相关的标准，测出对应的里氏硬度(HLD)之后按照里氏硬度计中固有的换算关系换算为布氏硬度(HBHLD)，建立P92钢的里氏硬度同布氏硬度的关系，工程现场的硬度检查可以通过布氏硬度计检查硬度(HBHLD)，之后通过该关系式换算为实际布氏硬度(HBW)，按照标准要求的硬度指标进行验收。The present invention obtains different hardness distributions of P92 steel through a series of P92 steel tempering tests, measures its Brinell hardness, and according to relevant standards, measures the corresponding Leeb hardness (HLD) according to the Leeb hardness tester The inherent conversion relationship in the software is converted into Brinell hardness (HBHLD), and the relationship between the Leeb hardness and Brinell hardness of P92 steel is established. The hardness inspection on the engineering site can be checked by the Brinell hardness tester (HBHLD), and then through this relationship Convert to the actual Brinell hardness (HBW), and check and accept according to the hardness index required by the standard.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中P92钢试件的里氏硬度计测得的布氏硬度(HBHLD)和实际布氏硬度(HBW)之间的关系曲线图。1 is a graph showing the relationship between the Brinell hardness (HBHLD) and the actual Brinell hardness (HBW) measured by the Leeb hardness tester of the P92 steel test piece in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解，现结合以下具体实施例及说明书附图对本发明的技术方案进行以下详细说明，但不能理解为对本发明的可实施范围的限定。In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the following specific examples and accompanying drawings, but it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种P92钢的回火硬度换算方法，其包括以下步骤：The present embodiment provides a tempering hardness conversion method of P92 steel, which comprises the following steps:
(1)、在P92钢管的同一位置截取多个试件(实施例中共10个试件，分别标号为M0-M7、M0B1、M0B2)，所述试件的厚度均为30mm；对所述试件进行正火工艺处理后，再通过调整回火处理温度及时间以对其进行不同的回火处理，得到具有不同回火硬度的P92钢试件；上述十个试件的热处理工艺参数如下表1所示。(1), at the same position of P92 steel pipe, intercept a plurality of test pieces (10 test pieces in total in the embodiment, respectively marked as M0-M7, M0B1, M0B2), the thickness of the test piece is 30mm; After the normalizing process, the tempering temperature and time are adjusted to perform different tempering treatments to obtain P92 steel specimens with different tempering hardness; the heat treatment parameters of the above ten specimens are as follows 1.
表1Table 1
(2)、进行完正火工艺处理及回火处理后，对步骤(1)得到的P92钢试件表面分别采用砂纸及抛光机进行研磨及抛光后，采用台式布氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的实际布氏硬度(HBW)，采用里氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的布氏硬度(HBHLD)；(2), after carrying out normalizing process treatment and tempering treatment, after adopting sandpaper and polishing machine to carry out grinding and polishing respectively to the P92 steel specimen surface that step (1) obtains, adopt desktop Brinell hardness tester to measure this P92 The actual Brinell hardness (HBW) of the steel test piece is measured by the Leeb hardness meter for the Brinell hardness (HBHLD) of the P92 steel test piece;
所述实际布氏硬度的测量包括以下步骤：The measurement of described actual Brinell hardness comprises the following steps:
按照GB/T231.1-2009《金属材料布氏硬度试验》的要求，采用台式布氏硬度计测量每个试件的实际布氏硬度，其中，每个试件测量三点并取三点硬度的平均值为该试件的实际布氏硬度，其测试条件为Φ5mm压头，加载载荷750kg，加载时间为10s。In accordance with the requirements of GB/T231.1-2009 "Brinell Hardness Test of Metallic Materials", the actual Brinell hardness of each test piece is measured with a bench-top Brinell hardness tester. Among them, three points are measured for each test piece and three points of hardness are taken. The average value of is the actual Brinell hardness of the specimen, the test condition is Φ5mm indenter, the loading load is 750kg, and the loading time is 10s.
所述采用里氏硬度计测得该P92钢试件的布氏硬度包括以下步骤：The Brinell hardness of this P92 steel specimen measured by the Leeb hardness tester comprises the following steps:
按照GB/T17394.1-2014《金属材料里氏硬度试验》的要求，采用里氏硬度计测量每个试件的布氏硬度，其中，所测位置为测试实际布氏硬度时所选三点布氏硬度压痕周围5-10mm，每一个压痕周围测试5点布氏硬度值并取5点硬度的平均值为该布氏硬度压痕的布氏硬度，再取三点布氏硬度压痕的硬度平均值为该试件的布氏硬度。According to the requirements of GB/T17394.1-2014 "Leeb Hardness Test of Metallic Materials", the Brinell hardness of each test piece is measured with a Leeb hardness tester, and the measured positions are three points selected when testing the actual Brinell hardness 5-10mm around the Brinell hardness indentation, test 5 points of Brinell hardness value around each indentation and take the average value of the 5 points of hardness as the Brinell hardness of the Brinell hardness indentation, and then take three points of Brinell hardness indentation The average hardness of the marks is the Brinell hardness of the specimen.
此外，为了考察不同热处理工艺下试样室温力学性能和硬度的关系，本实施例中也对M0-M7、M0B1、M0B2这十个试件分别进行了拉伸试验和冲击试验。试验结果见表2所示。In addition, in order to investigate the relationship between the mechanical properties and hardness of samples at room temperature under different heat treatment processes, tensile tests and impact tests were also carried out on ten test pieces M0-M7, M0B1, and M0B2 in this example. The test results are shown in Table 2.
表2Table 2
由表2可知，硬度和强度的变化趋势一致，即硬度高的试样对应的强度也高；冲击吸收功同强度的变化趋势呈反方向变化，即冲击吸收功高的试样对应的强度较低。It can be seen from Table 2 that the change trends of hardness and strength are consistent, that is, the samples with high hardness also have high strength; the change trend of impact absorption energy and strength changes in the opposite direction, that is, the samples with high impact absorption energy have relatively high strength. Low.
从表2中还可以看出，对比不同试件的实际布氏硬度值(HBW)同用里氏硬度转换的布氏硬度值(HBHLD)的差别可以发现，对于P92钢而言，在所有硬度范围内，用里氏硬度转换的布氏硬度值(HBHLD)都比真实的布氏硬度(HBW)值小。It can also be seen from Table 2 that comparing the actual Brinell hardness value (HBW) of different test pieces with the difference between the Brinell hardness value converted from Leeb hardness (HBHLD), it can be found that for P92 steel, at all hardness Within the range, the Brinell hardness value (HBHLD) converted by Leeb hardness is smaller than the real Brinell hardness (HBW) value.
(3)、以步骤(2)所测布氏硬度为纵坐标，实际布氏硬度为横坐标，建立HBHLD-HBW对比图(如图1所示，图1中M4N和M5N对应的硬度为编号为M4和M5的试样在正火后回火前的硬度值)，再通过线性回归得到线性关系式：HBHLD＝20.6+0.84×HBW；(3), with the Brinell hardness measured in step (2) as the ordinate, and the actual Brinell hardness as the abscissa, establish a HBHLD-HBW comparison chart (as shown in Figure 1, the hardness corresponding to M4N and M5N in Figure 1 is the number is the hardness value of the samples of M4 and M5 after normalizing and before tempering), and then obtain the linear relational formula through linear regression: HBHLD=20.6+0.84×HBW;
(4)、采用里氏硬度计测得待测P92钢试件的布氏硬度后，按照步骤(3)所述的线性关系式获得该待测P92钢试件的实际布氏硬度。(4) After the Brinell hardness of the P92 steel test piece to be tested is measured by a Leeb hardness tester, the actual Brinell hardness of the P92 steel test piece to be tested is obtained according to the linear relational formula described in step (3).
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| CN113176160A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-27 | 国能锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Uniform-velocity rebound hardness test method based on average impact rebound velocity measurement |
| CN113376040A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-10 | 广东省特种设备检测研究院 | Conversion method for Leeb hardness and Brinell hardness of heat-resistant steel |
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| CN115655938A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-31 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Conversion method of hardness in Rich and Brinell of P91 steel |
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| CN108398455A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-08-14 | 国电锅炉压力容器检验中心 | The assay method of ductile-brittle transition temperature |
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| CN110231239B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2022-04-01 | 上海明华电力科技有限公司 | Method for correcting errors in Leeb hardness detection |
| CN109406322A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-03-01 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Live hardness determination Piglet s colibacillosis method |
| CN113390741A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-14 | 中核苏阀科技实业股份有限公司 | Method for indirectly detecting real hardness of gate valve flashboard finished product sealing surface |
| CN113176160A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-27 | 国能锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Uniform-velocity rebound hardness test method based on average impact rebound velocity measurement |
| CN113176160B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-11-08 | 国能锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Uniform-velocity rebound hardness test method based on average impact rebound velocity measurement |
| CN113376040A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-10 | 广东省特种设备检测研究院 | Conversion method for Leeb hardness and Brinell hardness of heat-resistant steel |
| CN115655938A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-01-31 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Conversion method of hardness in Rich and Brinell of P91 steel |
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