CN106370493B - Liquid metal artificial cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid metal artificial cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106370493B CN106370493B CN201610875644.4A CN201610875644A CN106370493B CN 106370493 B CN106370493 B CN 106370493B CN 201610875644 A CN201610875644 A CN 201610875644A CN 106370493 B CN106370493 B CN 106370493B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid metal
- semi
- permeable membrane
- electrolyte
- artificial cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000592 Artificial Cell Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YZZNJYQZJKSEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium tin Chemical compound [Ga].[Sn] YZZNJYQZJKSEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[In] NJWNEWQMQCGRDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940012466 egg shell membrane Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl ethylene Natural products CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000001772 blood platelet Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010077544 Chromatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000029749 Microtubule Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091022875 Microtubule Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004102 animal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003012 bilayer membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003483 chromatin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002472 endoplasmic reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002288 golgi apparatus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007102 metabolic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003632 microfilament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004688 microtubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000633 nuclear envelope Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011088 parchment paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003705 ribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于仿生技术领域，具体涉及一种可部分模拟生物细胞环境响应功能的液态金属人工细胞及其制作方法。The invention belongs to the field of bionic technology, and in particular relates to a liquid metal artificial cell capable of partially simulating the environmental response function of biological cells and a manufacturing method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
无论植物还是动物，对整个地球乃至星球上的物体而言，生物体都是最为复杂的物质。历经数十亿年的演化，生物体超越于所有其他物质最根本的就在于其活性上。我们知道，构成生物体最基本的要素之一就在于细胞。细胞是生命结构和功能的基本单元。比如人体共约有40万亿—60万亿个平均直径在10—20微米之间的细胞，且种类繁多，如最大的成熟卵细胞，直径在200微米左右；最小的是血小板，直径只有约2微米，其他还有白细胞、红细胞、神经细胞。哺乳动物的除了成熟的红血球和血小板外，所有的细胞都至少有一个细胞核，旨在调节细胞生命活动。有些细胞尺寸远远大于上述，如未受精的鸡蛋在一定程度上也可简单看着一个细胞。而与动物细胞不同的是，植物细胞存在细胞壁，其他内部细胞器和组分均存在一定区别。但无论差异如何，从一般意义上讲，构成动物体或植物体的细胞有基本相同的结构体系与功能体系。不少重要的细胞器与细胞结构，如细胞膜、核膜、染色质、核仁、线粒体、高尔基体、内质网、核糖体、微管与微丝等，在不同细胞中不仅形态结构和成分相同，功能也一样。可以说，正是这些基本的细胞结构、组织和功能构成了地球上一个鲜活丰富的世界。无疑，若能通过实验室手段制造出一定功能的细胞，将实现人工机器制造和构筑的突破。显然，细胞最经典的结构就是由细胞膜和内容物构成的，这种组合结构对于仿生学有重大启示。迄今，通过纯人工合成的途径还无法实现细胞，现在已能人工造出最简单的磷脂双层膜，但离真正的细胞膜还相距甚远，而对于细胞内其他机构的人工模拟也存在类似瓶颈。不过，在当前的技术阶段，仿生学虽未能全部重现自然界的生物功能，但在一定程度上可部分接近和模拟生物世界。Regardless of plants or animals, living organisms are the most complex substances for the entire earth and even the objects on the planet. After billions of years of evolution, the most fundamental thing that organisms surpass all other substances lies in their activity. We know that one of the most basic elements of living organisms is cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of life. For example, the human body has about 40 trillion to 60 trillion cells with an average diameter of 10 to 20 microns, and there are many types, such as the largest mature egg cell, with a diameter of about 200 microns; the smallest is a platelet, with a diameter of only about 2 Microns, and others include white blood cells, red blood cells, and nerve cells. Except for mature red blood cells and platelets in mammals, all cells have at least one nucleus, which is designed to regulate cell life activities. Some cell sizes are much larger than the above, such as unfertilized eggs can also simply look at a cell to a certain extent. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall, and other internal organelles and components are somewhat different. But regardless of the difference, in a general sense, the cells that make up the animal or plant body have basically the same structural system and functional system. Many important organelles and cell structures, such as cell membrane, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, microtubules and microfilaments, etc., not only have the same morphological structure and composition in different cells , which functions the same way. It can be said that it is these basic cell structures, tissues and functions that make up a lively and rich world on earth. Undoubtedly, if cells with certain functions can be produced through laboratory means, a breakthrough will be achieved in the manufacture and construction of artificial machines. Obviously, the most classical structure of a cell is composed of the cell membrane and its contents, and this combined structure has great implications for bionics. So far, cells have not been realized through pure artificial synthesis. Now the simplest phospholipid bilayer membrane can be artificially created, but it is still far from the real cell membrane, and there are similar bottlenecks in the artificial simulation of other mechanisms in the cell. . However, at the current stage of technology, although bionics cannot fully reproduce the biological functions of nature, it can partially approach and simulate the biological world to a certain extent.
近年来，随着一些基础效应的发现，液态金属在实现柔性机器方面取得很大进展。比如，本团队于2015年3月初，在《先进材料》上发表了题为“仿生型自驱动液态金属软体动物”的研究论文(J.Zhang,Y.Y.Yao,L.Sheng,J.Liu,Self-fueled biomimetic liquidmetal mollusk,Advanced Materials,vol.27,pp.2648-2655,2015)，在世界上首次报道了一种异常独特的现象和机制，即液态金属如镓基液态合金可在吞食少量物质如“摄入”铝作为燃料后以可变形机器形态长时间高速运动，实现了无需外部电力的自主运动，液态金属机器一系列非同寻常的习性已相当接近一些自然界简单的软体生物，比如：能“吃”食物(燃料)，自主运动，可变形，具备一定代谢功能(化学反应)，因此我们将其命名为液态金属软体动物。造成这些变形与运动的机制之一在于液态金属与水体交界面上的双电层效应。然而，这种机器实际上还主要是一团合金流体，尚不具备生物体最基本单元即细胞的基本功能，比如对外界有一定的感知和传感。考虑到液态金属与水体交界面上的双电层效应，易于对外界的电、磁、声、光、热乃至化学效应产生响应，由此可发展出一定的智能响应对象。为此，本发明旨在由此机制出发提供结构和功能上可部分模拟生物细胞的液态金属人工细胞及其制作方法。In recent years, with the discovery of some fundamental effects, liquid metals have made great progress in realizing flexible machines. For example, at the beginning of March 2015, our team published a research paper entitled "Bionic Self-propelled Liquid Metal Mollusks" on "Advanced Materials" (J. Zhang, Y.Y. Yao, L. Sheng, J. Liu, Self -fueled biomimetic liquidmetal mollusk, Advanced Materials, vol.27, pp.2648-2655, 2015), reported for the first time in the world an unusually unique phenomenon and mechanism, that is, liquid metals such as gallium-based liquid alloys can swallow a small amount of substances For example, after "ingesting" aluminum as fuel, it moves at high speed in the form of a deformable machine for a long time, realizing autonomous movement without external power. A series of extraordinary habits of liquid metal machines are quite close to some simple soft-bodied organisms in nature, such as: It can "eat" food (fuel), move autonomously, be deformable, and have a certain metabolic function (chemical reaction), so we named it a liquid metal mollusk. One of the mechanisms causing these deformations and movements is the electric double layer effect at the interface between the liquid metal and the water body. However, this kind of machine is actually mainly a group of alloy fluid, which does not yet have the basic functions of cells, the most basic unit of living organisms, such as certain perception and sensing of the outside world. Considering the electric double layer effect on the interface between liquid metal and water body, it is easy to respond to external electric, magnetic, sound, light, heat and even chemical effects, and thus certain intelligent response objects can be developed. For this reason, the present invention aims to provide a liquid metal artificial cell that can partially simulate biological cells in structure and function and a manufacturing method thereof based on this mechanism.
发明内容Contents of the invention
基于对液态金属基础效应的发现，本发明的目的是从一种崭新的技术角度，提供可部分模拟生物细胞功能的液态金属人工细胞。Based on the discovery of the basic effect of liquid metal, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid metal artificial cell that can partially simulate the function of biological cells from a new technical perspective.
本发明的另一目的是提供一种液态金属人工细胞的制备方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing liquid metal artificial cells.
实现本发明目的的技术方案为：The technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention is:
一种液态金属人工细胞，包括半透膜、液态金属和电解质；所述半透膜围成封闭的腔体，液态金属和电解质位于腔体内。A liquid metal artificial cell includes a semipermeable membrane, liquid metal and electrolyte; the semipermeable membrane encloses a closed cavity, and the liquid metal and electrolyte are located in the cavity.
其中，所述半透膜的材质为生物细胞膜、膀胱膜、羊皮纸、鸡蛋膜、石墨烯薄膜、碳纳米管薄膜、聚四氟乙烯透气膜、乙基乙烯膜、环氧乙烷膜以及人工制的胶棉薄膜中的一种；所述半透膜围成的腔体的形状为球形、扁圆形、椭圆球形或长圆柱形，腔体的尺寸为10μm～2cm。Wherein, the material of the semi-permeable membrane is biological cell membrane, bladder membrane, parchment paper, egg membrane, graphene film, carbon nanotube film, polytetrafluoroethylene gas-permeable membrane, ethyl vinyl membrane, ethylene oxide membrane and artificial One of the collodion films produced; the shape of the cavity surrounded by the semipermeable membrane is spherical, oblate, ellipsoidal or long cylindrical, and the size of the cavity is 10 μm to 2 cm.
其中，所述液态金属为金属单质镓、二元合金、三元合金中的一种或多种，其中所述二元合金为镓铟、镓锡、镓锌合金中的一种或几种，所述三元合金为镓铟锡、镓铟锌、镓锡锌合金中的一种或几种。Wherein, the liquid metal is one or more of metal elemental gallium, binary alloy, ternary alloy, wherein the binary alloy is one or more of gallium indium, gallium tin, gallium zinc alloy, The ternary alloy is one or more of gallium indium tin, gallium indium zinc, gallium tin zinc alloy.
其中，所述电解质为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氯化钠、硫酸和硝酸的水溶液中的一种，溶液的浓度为0.1～5mol/L。Wherein, the electrolyte is one of aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium chloride, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the concentration of the solution is 0.1-5 mol/L.
进一步地，所述半透膜的腔体内还含有添加物，所述添加物为尺寸在10nm到1000μm之间的铜、铟、锡、锌、银、铁、镍、锰、钴、镁、铝中的一种或多种金属的颗粒；或为硅、二氧化硅、石墨、石墨烯、塑料、橡胶材料中的一种或多种的颗粒，添加物的质量占电解质质量的1～20％。Further, the cavity of the semipermeable membrane also contains additives, the additives are copper, indium, tin, zinc, silver, iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, magnesium, aluminum with a size between 10nm and 1000μm Particles of one or more metals; or particles of one or more of silicon, silicon dioxide, graphite, graphene, plastics, rubber materials, the mass of the additive accounts for 1 to 20% of the mass of the electrolyte .
更进一步地，所述金属的颗粒表面有铜、铟、锡、锌、银、铁、镍、锰、钴、镁、铝其中一种或几种的包覆层，或有非金属包覆层。Furthermore, the surface of the metal particles has one or more coating layers of copper, indium, tin, zinc, silver, iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, magnesium, aluminum, or a non-metallic coating layer .
所述的液态金属人工细胞的制备方法，包括步骤：The preparation method of the liquid metal artificial cell comprises the steps of:
1)取半透膜材料，弯成球形并用胶粘、缝制或束紧的方式制作成封闭腔，即获得封闭的半透膜空间；1) Take the semi-permeable membrane material, bend it into a spherical shape, and make a closed cavity by gluing, sewing or tightening, that is, to obtain a closed semi-permeable membrane space;
2)采用注射针，抽取电解质溶液，之后刺穿半透膜，将电解质注入；2) Use an injection needle to extract the electrolyte solution, then pierce the semi-permeable membrane, and inject the electrolyte;
3)配制好液态金属，采用注射针，抽取液态金属后刺穿半透膜，将液态金属注入。电解质和液态金属的体积占半透膜封闭的空间的20～90％。3) Prepare the liquid metal, use the injection needle to extract the liquid metal, pierce the semi-permeable membrane, and inject the liquid metal. The volume of electrolyte and liquid metal occupies 20-90% of the space enclosed by the semipermeable membrane.
所述注射针的针头直径为1～500微米。针头直径在1微米～50微米的微米针，以及100～500微米的针头均可市购。The needle diameter of the injection needle is 1-500 microns. Microneedles with a diameter of 1 micron to 50 microns and needles with a diameter of 100 to 500 microns are commercially available.
所述的液态金属人工细胞的制备方法，还包括步骤：The preparation method of the liquid metal artificial cell also includes the steps of:
4)用注射针抽取内含添加物的电解质悬液，之后刺穿半透膜，将悬液注入。由此即得到封闭有相应复合液体物质的液态金属人工细胞。4) Extract the electrolyte suspension containing the additives with an injection needle, then pierce the semipermeable membrane, and inject the suspension. Thus, the liquid metal artificial cell sealed with the corresponding composite liquid substance is obtained.
进一步地，所述的液态金属人工细胞的制备方法，将制备得到的人工细胞堆叠并固定组装在一起，获得集合性的细胞组合体。Further, in the preparation method of liquid metal artificial cells, the prepared artificial cells are stacked and fixedly assembled to obtain a collective cell assembly.
本发明所述的液态金属人工细胞在生物传感器、仿生元件中的应用。The application of the liquid metal artificial cell of the invention in biosensors and bionic elements.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明首次引入了液态金属人工细胞的技术概念，创造了一种集半透膜、液态金属、电解质溶液乃至更多功能材料于一体的复合器件体系，显著扩展了人工细胞及液态金属的既有认识，可部分模拟自然界的细胞功能，进一步可用于组装出功能更复杂的人工机器。迄今，国内外文献中尚未见有利用液态金属实现人工细胞的研究报道。本发明首次提供并建立了一种构建液态金属人工细胞的技术体系。The invention introduces the technical concept of liquid metal artificial cells for the first time, and creates a composite device system integrating semipermeable membrane, liquid metal, electrolyte solution and even more functional materials, which significantly expands the existing technology of artificial cells and liquid metal. This understanding can partially simulate the cellular functions in nature, and can further be used to assemble artificial machines with more complex functions. So far, there have been no research reports on the use of liquid metals to realize artificial cells in domestic and foreign literature. The invention provides and establishes a technical system for constructing liquid metal artificial cells for the first time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例1一种类卵母细胞的球形液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an oocyte-like spherical liquid metal artificial cell in Example 1 of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例2一种类红细胞的扁平状液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a flat liquid metal artificial cell like erythrocytes in Example 2 of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例3一种类神经元的长轴形液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a long-axis liquid metal artificial cell of neurons in Example 3 of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例4一种细胞组合体结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cell assembly in Example 4 of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例6一种包含添加物在内的细胞组合体结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cell assembly including additives in Example 6 of the present invention.
图中：1为半透膜；2为液态金属；3为添加物；4为电解质溶液。In the figure: 1 is a semi-permeable membrane; 2 is a liquid metal; 3 is an additive; 4 is an electrolyte solution.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下以具体实施例来进一步说明本发明技术方案。本领域技术人员应当知晓，实施例仅用于说明本发明，不用于限制本发明的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with specific examples. Those skilled in the art should know that the examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例中，如无特别说明，所用技术手段为本领域常规的技术手段。In the embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the technical means used are conventional technical means in the field.
实施例1：Example 1:
图1是本发明一种实施方式的液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图；所述液态金属人工细胞包括：半透膜1、液态金属2和电解质溶液4；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a liquid metal artificial cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; the liquid metal artificial cell includes: a semipermeable membrane 1, a liquid metal 2 and an electrolyte solution 4;
所述半透膜1为封闭腔体结构，内部盛放有液态金属2和电解质溶液4，由此实现类生物细胞的环境响应功能。The semi-permeable membrane 1 is a closed cavity structure, and liquid metal 2 and electrolyte solution 4 are contained inside, thereby realizing the environmental response function similar to biological cells.
所述半透膜2为只允许水分子透过、而不允许溶质通过的膜材料聚四氟乙烯透气膜。本实施例中所述半透膜1设计为球形，直径2cm，用以模拟卵母细胞形封闭腔体。为保证所述液态金属2处于液态，所述液态金属2采用低熔点金属，也就是说，所述液态金属2的熔点低于100℃。The semi-permeable membrane 2 is a polytetrafluoroethylene gas-permeable membrane that only allows water molecules to pass through but not solutes to pass through. The semi-permeable membrane 1 described in this embodiment is designed to be spherical with a diameter of 2 cm to simulate an oocyte-shaped closed cavity. In order to ensure that the liquid metal 2 is in a liquid state, the liquid metal 2 adopts a metal with a low melting point, that is to say, the melting point of the liquid metal 2 is lower than 100°C.
在本实施例具体实现中，所述液态金属2的质量为2g，为熔点11℃的镓铟锡合金，电解液4为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液，体积为2mL；可理解的是，由于熔点11℃的镓铟锡合金在常温状态下为液态，故而，无需进行加热即可实现。In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the mass of the liquid metal 2 is 2 g, which is a gallium indium tin alloy with a melting point of 11° C., and the electrolyte 4 is a 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution with a volume of 2 mL; it is understandable that , since gallium indium tin alloy with a melting point of 11°C is liquid at room temperature, it can be realized without heating.
制备过程为：The preparation process is:
1)取半透膜材料，弯成球形并用胶粘的方式制作成封闭腔，胶粘的过程为：聚四氟乙烯膜用表面处理剂(阿拉晨光氟塑料厂)处理10min，用丙酮清洗后用环氧胶粘接，即获得封闭的半透膜空间；1) Take the semi-permeable membrane material, bend it into a spherical shape and make it into a closed cavity by gluing. The gluing process is as follows: the PTFE membrane is treated with a surface treatment agent (Ala Chenguang Fluoroplastic Factory) for 10 minutes, and then cleaned with acetone Bonded with epoxy glue to obtain a closed semi-permeable membrane space;
2)采用注射针(直径2微米，购自深圳通力微纳)，抽取电解质溶液，之后刺穿半透膜，将电解质注入；2) Use an injection needle (2 microns in diameter, purchased from Shenzhen Tongli Micronano) to extract the electrolyte solution, then pierce the semipermeable membrane, and inject the electrolyte;
3)配制好液态金属，采用注射针，抽取液态金属后刺穿半透膜，将液态金属注入。3) Prepare the liquid metal, use the injection needle to extract the liquid metal, pierce the semi-permeable membrane, and inject the liquid metal.
实施例2：Example 2:
图2是本发明一种实施方式的液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图。本实施例的人工细胞形状呈现扁平圆盘状红细胞，所用电解质溶液4为浓度为0.3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液。其余组分和制作方法与实施例1一致。这里，之所以采用扁平圆盘状的半透膜结构，主要是模拟血红细胞。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a liquid metal artificial cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. The shape of the artificial cell in this embodiment is a flat disc-shaped red blood cell, and the electrolyte solution 4 used is a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.3 mol/L. All the other components and preparation method are consistent with Example 1. Here, the reason why the flat disc-shaped semi-permeable membrane structure is adopted is mainly to simulate red blood cells.
实施例3：Example 3:
图3是本发明一种实施方式的液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图。本实施例除了形状呈长轴形外，其余组分和制作方法与实施例1完全一致。这里，之所以采用长轴形状的半透膜结构，主要是模拟神经元的结构。进一步的，还可设置树枝状结构，此处未画出。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a liquid metal artificial cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, except that the shape is long-axis, the rest of the components and manufacturing method are completely consistent with the embodiment 1. Here, the reason why the long-axis shape of the semi-permeable membrane structure is used is mainly to simulate the structure of neurons. Further, a dendritic structure may also be provided, which is not shown here.
实施例4：Example 4:
图4是本发明一种实施方式的液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图。本实施例是多个细胞的组合体，其单个细胞的组分和制作方法与实施例1完全一致。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a liquid metal artificial cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is a combination of multiple cells, and the components and production method of a single cell are completely consistent with those in Embodiment 1.
实施例5：Example 5:
本实施例是多个细胞的组合体(图形未画出)，与实施例4基本一致，但采用的是实施例3得到的类神经元细胞组合体，用以模拟神经计算。This embodiment is a combination of multiple cells (figure not shown), which is basically the same as that of Example 4, but the neuron-like cell combination obtained in Example 3 is used to simulate neural computing.
实施例6：Embodiment 6:
图5是本发明一种实施方式的液态金属人工细胞的结构示意图。本实施例形状上与实施例1完全一致，但在组分和制作方法与实施例1略有区别。这里，半透膜内还添加了添加物3比如直径在500nm的铜或铝颗粒，添加物的质量占电解质溶液质量的10％，以实现更多功能和行为。添加物3可根据实际需要加载到半透膜1内的电解液4环境中或液态金属2内。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a liquid metal artificial cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is completely consistent with embodiment 1 in shape, but slightly different from embodiment 1 in components and manufacturing method. Here, additives 3 such as copper or aluminum particles with a diameter of 500nm are added to the semipermeable membrane, and the mass of the additives accounts for 10% of the mass of the electrolyte solution to achieve more functions and behaviors. The additive 3 can be loaded into the environment of the electrolyte 4 or the liquid metal 2 in the semipermeable membrane 1 according to actual needs.
实施例7：Embodiment 7:
本实施例与实施例4基本一致，只是添加物3为金属细丝，比如直径500nm，长度1cm的铜丝。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 4, except that the additive 3 is a metal filament, such as a copper wire with a diameter of 500 nm and a length of 1 cm.
实施例8：Embodiment 8:
半透膜2为聚四氟乙烯透气膜。本实施例中所述半透膜1设计为球形，直径1cm，用以模拟卵母细胞形封闭腔体。所述液态金属2的质量为0.2g，为熔点11℃的镓铟锡合金，电解液4为0.2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液，体积为0.3mL。The semi-permeable membrane 2 is a polytetrafluoroethylene gas-permeable membrane. The semipermeable membrane 1 described in this embodiment is designed to be spherical with a diameter of 1 cm to simulate an oocyte-shaped closed cavity. The mass of the liquid metal 2 is 0.2 g, which is a gallium indium tin alloy with a melting point of 11° C., and the electrolyte 4 is a 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution with a volume of 0.3 mL.
制备过程为：The preparation process is:
1)取半透膜材料，弯成球形，用细尼龙丝束成封闭腔，获得球形的半透膜空间；1) Take the semi-permeable membrane material, bend it into a spherical shape, and use fine nylon filaments to form a closed cavity to obtain a spherical semi-permeable membrane space;
2)采用注射针(4#针头)抽取电解质溶液，之后刺穿半透膜束口，将电解质注入；2) Use an injection needle (4# needle) to extract the electrolyte solution, and then pierce the opening of the semipermeable membrane to inject the electrolyte;
3)配制好液态金属，采用注射针(4#针头)，抽取液态金属后刺穿半透膜束口，将液态金属注入。3) Prepare the liquid metal, use an injection needle (4# needle), extract the liquid metal, pierce the opening of the semi-permeable membrane, and inject the liquid metal.
银丝作为除端部外其余表面均绝缘的工作电极，其端部的银丝裸露0.3mm，后面用聚四氟乙烯材料包覆，通过半透膜束口插入到液态金属中，然后束紧半透膜；另一根银丝为对电极，贴在半透膜外表面，工作电极和对电极与电化学工作站连接，构成两电极体系，检测本液态金属人工细胞对电信号的响应。The silver wire is used as the working electrode whose surface is insulated except the end, and the silver wire at the end is exposed for 0.3mm, and the back is covered with polytetrafluoroethylene material, inserted into the liquid metal through the beam opening of the semi-permeable membrane, and then tightened The semi-permeable membrane; the other silver wire is the counter electrode, which is pasted on the outer surface of the semi-permeable membrane. The working electrode and the counter electrode are connected to the electrochemical workstation to form a two-electrode system to detect the response of the liquid metal artificial cell to the electrical signal.
以上的实施例仅仅是对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，本领域技术人员在现有技术的基础上还可做多种修改和变化，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above embodiments only describe specific implementations of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also make various modifications and changes on the basis of the prior art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention. Under the premise of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary engineers and technicians in the field shall fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610875644.4A CN106370493B (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | Liquid metal artificial cell and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610875644.4A CN106370493B (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | Liquid metal artificial cell and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106370493A CN106370493A (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| CN106370493B true CN106370493B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
Family
ID=57894796
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610875644.4A Active CN106370493B (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | Liquid metal artificial cell and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106370493B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108549932B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-09-14 | 清华大学 | Brain-like nerve simulation device based on liquid metal |
| CN109605356B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A liquid metal flexible machine capable of self-driving snake-like motion |
| CN111198052A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-26 | 清华大学 | A deformable liquid sensor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4837157A (en) * | 1982-07-20 | 1989-06-06 | Coventry Health Authority | Sample preparation method for liquid chromatography |
| CN2677926Y (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-02-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cell sensor |
| CN102620970A (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2012-08-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of metal melt diffusion sample |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0936457A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-02-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method of manufacturing magnetoresistive element |
| JP2006256995A (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-28 | Toray Ind Inc | Purified solution of biocomponent, and method and apparatus for separating biocomponent |
-
2016
- 2016-09-30 CN CN201610875644.4A patent/CN106370493B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4837157A (en) * | 1982-07-20 | 1989-06-06 | Coventry Health Authority | Sample preparation method for liquid chromatography |
| CN2677926Y (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-02-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cell sensor |
| CN102620970A (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2012-08-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of metal melt diffusion sample |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Self-Fueled Biomimetic Liquid Metal Mollusk;Jie Zhang et al.;《Advanced Materials》;20150424;第27卷(第16期);第2648-2650页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106370493A (en) | 2017-02-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106370493B (en) | Liquid metal artificial cell and preparation method thereof | |
| Mou et al. | Active micromotor systems built from passive particles with biomimetic predator–prey interactions | |
| Yang et al. | Lab-on-a-fish: Wireless, miniaturized, fully integrated, implantable biotelemetric tag for real-time in vivo monitoring of aquatic animals | |
| KR101636695B1 (en) | Bio sensor using three-dimensional graphene-silk complex and sensing system using the same | |
| Askari et al. | MnCo2O4/NiCo2O4/rGO as a catalyst based on binary transition metal oxide for the methanol oxidation reaction | |
| CN104777203A (en) | Preparation method of Pt-Ni alloy nano tube array electrode and application for enzyme-free glucose sensor | |
| Li et al. | Recent progress in MOF-based electrochemical sensors for non-enzymatic glucose detection | |
| Xiao et al. | Electric eel biomimetics for energy storage and conversion | |
| CN110441367A (en) | It is a kind of to detect Cu using nanogold-graphene combination electrode2+Electrochemical method | |
| CN105361891A (en) | Blood glucose sensor planted in live fish eye ball sclera interstitial fluid and production method of blood glucose sensor | |
| Li et al. | Biosimilar liquid-metal living matter | |
| Anwer et al. | Electrodeposited hybrid biocathode-based CO2 reduction via microbial electro-catalysis to biofuels | |
| CN103043597B (en) | Method for preparing metal micro-nano array electrode by using ZnO crystal as template | |
| Xue et al. | Bioelectric interface technologies in cells and organoids | |
| CN109459422B (en) | Device and Method for SERS Detection of Small Molecule Metabolites Based on Dielectric Elastomeric Polymers | |
| Yang et al. | Programming a triple-shelled CuS@ Ni (OH) 2@ CuS heterogeneous nanocage as robust electrocatalysts enabling long-term highly sensitive glucose detection | |
| Seyed-Talebi et al. | Electrodeposition of Co x NiV y O z ternary nanopetals on bare and rGO-coated nickel foam for high-performance supercapacitor application | |
| Hussain et al. | Applications of nanomaterials and biological materials in bioenergy | |
| CN112802963B (en) | A kind of artificial olfactory fiber and preparation method thereof | |
| Vanmathi et al. | An implantable glucose enzymatic biofuel cell integrated with flexible gold-coated carbon foam and carbon thread bioelectrodes grafted inside a living rat | |
| KR102103364B1 (en) | Photosynthetic microbial fuel cell containing TiO2/rGO nanoparticles and manufacturing method thereof | |
| Pollet et al. | Applications of Ferric Oxide in Water Splitting by Electrolysis: A Comprehensive Review | |
| CN102636551A (en) | Dynamic detection method of potassium ion exchange inside and outside HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 cell and erythrocyte | |
| CN114878658B (en) | Preparation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Based on Noble Metal Alloys for Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species | |
| Shoji et al. | Gold nanoparticle-based biofuel cell using insect body fluid circulation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |