CN106353003A - Distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method and system - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring Raman scattering light returned from a measuring point of a sensing fiber; splitting at least part of the Raman scattering light to obtain first frequency light and second frequency light; respectively carrying out optical-to-electric conversion to the first frequency light and the second frequency light to obtain a first electric signal and a second electric signal; obtaining a measuring temperature of the measuring point by a corresponding relation between the first electric signal and the measuring temperature and a corresponding relation between the second electric signal and the measuring temperature; and giving an alarm of abnormal temperature of the measuring point if the measuring temperature meets a set alarm temperature condition. By the mode, the temperature of the measuring point of the optical fiber can be monitored accurately, the optical fiber is used as a sensor, real distributed measurement is realized, simple arrangement is implemented, and false-positive rate and missing report rate are greatly reduced while real-time monitoring is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, more particularly, to a kind of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method and system.
Background technology
The fire monitoring equipment commonly used at present is temperature sensing cable type fire detector.
Temperature sensing cable type fire detector is by temperature sensing cable and cable parallelization, when cable temperature exceedes fixed temperature
During value, sensing cable is shorted.System is only capable of single use it is impossible to measure the actual temperature value of cable；Due to need to separately set sense
Warm cable, leads to number of cables many, and system is installed and safeguarded inconvenient.
Especially for some big monitoring of environmental, such as tunnel monitoring needs to carry out continuous real-time monitoring to whole piece tunnel, and
And it is convenient to require sensor to lay, can multiple Reusability, system have essential safety, capacity of resisting disturbance stronger the features such as.
Therefore conventional temperature monitoring method suffers from greatly measuring actual temperature, wiring is complicated, be not suitable for lacking tunnel laying etc. is many
Point.And presently used temp measuring system is import equipment, expensive, and domestic temp measuring system also fail to large-scale application in
Practical Project.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method and system, being capable of accurate measuring environment temperature
Degree, and sensor laying is simple.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: provides a kind of distributed optical fiber temperature measurement
Method, comprising:
Obtain the Raman diffused light that the measurement point of sensor fibre returns；
At least part of Raman diffused light is carried out with light splitting and obtains first frequency light and second frequency light；
Respectively opto-electronic conversion is carried out to first frequency light and second frequency light, obtain first signal of telecommunication and the second telecommunications
Number；
Obtain the measurement temperature of measurement point by the corresponding relation between first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature
Degree；
If judging, measurement temperature meets setting alarm temperature conditionss, sends the alarm of measurement point temperature anomaly.
Wherein, respectively opto-electronic conversion is being carried out to first frequency light and second frequency light, obtaining first signal of telecommunication and
Also include after the step of two signals of telecommunication:
Kalman filtering is carried out to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication.
Wherein, respectively opto-electronic conversion is being carried out to first frequency light and second frequency light, obtaining first signal of telecommunication and
Also include after the step of two signals of telecommunication:
Wavelet Denoising Method process is carried out to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication.
Wherein, the step carrying out Wavelet Denoising Method process to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication specifically includes:
Choose wavelet basis function, using wavelet basis function, wavelet decomposition is carried out to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and obtain
Wavelet coefficient on different scale；
Respectively the threshold value of the wavelet coefficient on same yardstick and setting is compared, if wavelet coefficient is less than setting
Threshold value, then remove wavelet coefficient, if wavelet coefficient be more than or equal to threshold value, retain wavelet coefficient；
Wavelet coefficient on different scale is reconstructed.
Wherein, wavelet basis function is f (x)=g (x)+dn (x), and wherein g (x) is first signal of telecommunication or second signal of telecommunication；n
X () is 0 for average, variance is s2White Gaussian noise, d be noise level；
The computing formula of wavelet coefficient is wf (2j, x), j=1,2,3 ... n；Wherein j is different scale, and w is weighter factor.
Wherein, before the step respectively threshold value positioned at the wavelet coefficient on same yardstick and setting being compared also
Including:
Calculate and be located at the average of wavelet coefficient and the variance for positive number on same yardstick, determined using average and variance initial
Threshold value and initial step length；
Wavelet coefficient and initial threshold are compared the threshold number excessively obtaining the wavelet coefficient more than initial threshold, if
Cross the threshold number excessively that threshold number is more than or equal to front subdimension, then initial threshold is added initial step length, otherwise by initial threshold
Value deducts initial step length；
Reduce initial step length；
With this cycle calculations initial threshold, until initial step length is less than preset value, by initial threshold now be defined as
The threshold value of the setting of the wavelet coefficient of positive number；
Determine the threshold value being located at the setting of wavelet coefficient for negative on same yardstick in this approach.
Wherein, first signal of telecommunication is first voltage value, and second signal of telecommunication is second voltage value；
Obtain the measurement temperature of measurement point by the corresponding relation between first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature
The step of degree specifically includes:
Obtain the first light intensity and the second frequency light of first frequency light by first voltage value and second voltage value respectively
The second light intensity；
The ratio of the first light intensity and the second light intensity is defined as the measurement temperature of measurement point.
Wherein, also include after the step of the Raman diffused light that the measurement point obtaining sensor fibre returns:
By the transmission time of Raman diffused light and the transmission speed of Raman diffused light of return, determine the position of measurement point
Put.
Wherein, at least part of Raman diffused light is carried out with the step tool that light splitting obtains first frequency light and second frequency light
Body includes:
50% Raman scattering optical signal is coupled in beam splitter, to obtain first frequency light and second frequency light,
Wherein, first frequency light is stokes light, and second frequency light is anti-Stokes light.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, another kind of technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: provides a kind of distribution type fiber-optic to survey
Warm system, comprising:
Sensor fibre, photo-coupler, light processor, electric signal process unit and warning devicess, photo-coupler is arranged on
In the transmission path of sensor fibre, light processor is connected with photo-coupler, and electric signal process unit is connected with light processor,
Warning devicess are connected with electric signal process unit；
Light processor includes beam splitter, the first signal conversion unit and secondary signal converting unit, the first signal conversion
Unit and secondary signal converting unit are connected with beam splitter and electric signal process unit respectively；
Photo-coupler is used for obtaining the Raman diffused light that the measurement point of sensor fibre returns；
Beam splitter obtains first frequency light and second frequency light for carrying out light splitting at least part of Raman diffused light；
First converting unit is used for carrying out opto-electronic conversion to first frequency light, obtains first signal of telecommunication；Second converting unit
For opto-electronic conversion is carried out to second frequency light, obtain second signal of telecommunication；
Electric signal process unit is used for by the corresponding relation between first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature
Obtain the measurement temperature of measurement point；
If warning devicess are used for judging that measurement temperature meets setting alarm temperature conditionss, send measurement point temperature anomaly
Alarm.
Beneficial benefit: be different from the situation of prior art, the present invention obtains drawing of the measurement point return of sensor fibre first
Graceful scattered light, more at least part of Raman diffused light is carried out with light splitting obtain first frequency light and second frequency light, respectively to
One frequencies of light and second frequency light carry out opto-electronic conversion, obtain first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication, by first signal of telecommunication
And second the corresponding relation between the signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature obtain the measurement temperature of measurement point, finally by judging measurement temperature
Whether meet setting alarm temperature conditionss, and send the alarm of measurement point temperature anomaly.By the way, can accurately monitor
Go out the temperature of optical fiber measurement point, and using optical fiber itself as sensor, realize real distributed measurement, lay simple,
Realize while real-time monitoring, substantially reducing wrong report and rate of failing to report.It is additionally, since optical fiber itself to be electrically insulated completely, therefore, pulse
Light is not subject to the electromagnetic interference of any external environment in transmitting procedure, and because fiber-optic transfer data volume is big, loss is little and is stale-proof
Erosion, fire resisting, the characteristic of water-fast and life-span length, not only in the case of need not relaying, can accurately realize remotely monitoring moreover it is possible to
Enough maintenance costs effectively reducing sensor itself, and then reduce the operation cost of whole monitoring system.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method second embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the idiographic flow schematic diagram of step s205 in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another embodiment of temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For making those skilled in the art more fully understand technical scheme, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and be embodied as
Mode is described in further detail to a kind of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method provided by the present invention and system.
As shown in figure 1, distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method first embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
S101: obtain the Raman diffused light that the measurement point of sensor fibre returns；
Because optical fiber has the advantages that structure is simple, it is convenient to lay, electric insulation, high temperature resistant, electromagnetism interference, this embodiment party
In formula, optical fiber itself is carried out collecting temperature as temperature sensor.It is applied to tunnel fire monitoring etc., can also be applied to other
For temperature sensitive adverse circumstances, here does not limit.
In order to measure to the temperature of monitoring point, laser generator sends laser in the original position of sensor fibre, should
Laser, under the modulating action of light pulse manipulator, forms setting cycle and the short pulsed light of persistent period, and this pulsed light exists
Propagated on sensor fibre by photo-coupler.In the transmitting procedure of pulsed light, because pulsed light occurs phase with optical fiber molecule
, there is the scattering of various ways, such as acted on generation energy exchange and formed by the thermal vibration and photon of optical fiber molecule in interaction
Raman scattering.The scattered light signal of different distance point has part and is back to photo-coupler along transmission light path.
Accordingly, the optical signal being returned by the measurement point that photo-coupler obtains sensor fibre, such as Raman diffused light.
S102: at least part of Raman diffused light is carried out with light splitting and obtains first frequency light and second frequency light；
Raman diffused light during producing, because the thermal vibration of optical fiber molecule and photon interact and occur energy to hand over
Change, a part of luminous energy is converted into thermal vibration, produce a first frequency light longer than light source pulse optical wavelength, i.e. Stokes
Light, a part of thermal vibration is converted into luminous energy, produces a second frequency light shorter than light pulse wavelength, i.e. anti-Stokes light.
Wherein, the side-play amount of the wavelength of this first frequency light and second frequency light is determined by the fixed attribute of sensor fibre component.
Specifically, the photo-coupler of present embodiment is after receiving this Raman diffused light, by Raman scattering optical signal coupling
Close in beam splitter, obtain first frequency light and second frequency light.
In one preferred embodiment, 50% Raman scattering optical signal is coupled in beam splitter photo-coupler.
S103: respectively opto-electronic conversion is carried out to first frequency light and second frequency light, obtain first signal of telecommunication and second
The signal of telecommunication.
Analyzed as above-mentioned, because pulsed light is in transmitting procedure, various types of scattered light can be produced, because
This, may also be mingled with other kinds of scattered light and interference light, in order that temperature survey is more accurate, need in Raman diffused light
The to be tried one's best first frequency light ensureing after light splitting and second frequency light pure.Therefore, in beam splitter, Raman diffused light is entered
After row light splitting obtains first frequency light and second frequency light, respectively the light of this two-way different frequency is processed.
Specifically, respectively bandpass filtering treatment is carried out to the light of this two-way different frequency first, obtain comparison pure
One frequencies of light and second frequency light, then carry out light to the first frequency light after bandpass filtering treatment and second frequency light again
Electricity conversion and amplification, obtain first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication.
Wherein, this first signal of telecommunication is first voltage value, and second signal of telecommunication is second voltage value.
Wherein, in present embodiment by avalanche photodide apd to the first frequency after bandpass filtering treatment
Light and second frequency light carry out opto-electronic conversion and amplification.In other embodiments it is also possible to be carried to passing through by other devices
First frequency light after pass filter process and second frequency light carry out opto-electronic conversion and amplification, and here does not limit.
S104: obtain the survey of measurement point by the corresponding relation between first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature
Amount temperature.
After obtaining first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication, in order that monitoring result is more accurate, further to
One signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication carry out Kalman filtering.
In a specific embodiment, realize the Kalman's filter to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication with matlab
Ripple, to leach noise, obtains the first pure signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication.Kalman filtering is with least mean-square error for estimating
The optimum criterion of meter, to seek the algorithm of a set of recurrence estimation, its basic thought is: using the state space mould of signal and noise
Type, updates the estimation to state variable using the estimated value of previous moment and the observation of current moment, obtains estimating of current moment
Evaluation.Concrete operation process is:
Kalman filtering algorithm is discussed first taking a discrete control process as a example.This system can be with a linear differential side
Journey is describing.
X (k)=a x (k-1)+b u (k)+w (k) ... (1)
Z (k)=h x (k)+v (k) ... (2)
(1), in formula and (2) formula, x (k) is the system mode in k moment, and u (k) is the controlled quentity controlled variable to system for the k moment, a and b is
Systematic parameter, for Multi-model System, they are matrix.Z (k) is the measured value in k moment, and h is the parameter of measuring system, for
Many measuring systems, h is matrix.W (k) and v (k) represents the noise in system and measurement process respectively, during using Kalman filtering,
It is considered that noise meets Gaussian noise model, if the covariance of w (k) and v (k) is respectively q and r.
The first step, the present state of prediction:
X (k | k-1)=a x (k-1 | k-1)+b u (k) ... (3)
(3) x in formula (k | k-1) is the result using laststate prediction, x (k-1 | k-1) be a upper moment optimum in advance
Measured value, u (k) is the controlled quentity controlled variable of status praesenss, if it did not, can be 0.
After formula (3), system results have updated, and the covariance corresponding to x (k | k-1) does not also update, and uses p
Represent covariance,
P (k | k-1)=a p (k-1 | k-1) at+q......(4)
P in formula (4) (k | k-1) is x (k | k-1) corresponding covariance, and p (k-1 | k-1) is x (k-1 | k-1) corresponding association
Variance, atIt is the transposed matrix of a, q is the noise of system, (3) and (4) formula is the prediction to system in Kalman filtering,
Next will reference measurement values be estimated.
X (k | k)=x (k | k-1)+kg(k)·(z(k)-h·x(k|k-1))......(5)
Understand to realize recurrence by being analyzed above, each kgIt is all real-time update.
kg(k)=p (k | k-1) ht/(h·p(k|k-1)·ht+r)......(6)
P (k | k)=(1-kg(k)·h)·p(k|k-1)......(7)
So each p (k | k) and kgK () is required for the value of previous moment to update, the estimation of recurrence is gone down.
(3) formula-(7) formula is five core formula of Kalman filter algorithm, is existed using this five core formula
Set parameter in matlab, realize the Kalman filtering to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication, noise signal can be eliminated.
To carrying out first signal of telecommunication after Kalman filtering and second signal of telecommunication carries out being calculated the measurement temperature of test point
Degree.Because the light intensity of Raman diffused light is relevant with temperature, you can with by the first light intensity of first frequency light and second frequency
The ratio of the second light intensity of light determines the test temperature of measurement point.
Specifically, the first light intensity and first signal of telecommunication are that first voltage value has corresponding relation, and the second light intensity is electric with second
Signal is that second voltage value has corresponding relation, therefore, can obtain the first light intensity according to first voltage value, according to second voltage value
Obtain the second light intensity.By formulaDetermine temperature r (t) of measurement point, wherein, iaFor the first light intensity, isFor
Two light intensity.
S105: measurement temperature meets setting alarm temperature conditionss if judging, sends the alarm of measurement point temperature anomaly.
After obtaining the measurement temperature of measurement point, the measurement temperature in order to further determine that this measurement point whether there is different
Often, such as increase substantially or reduce, need further the temperature of this measurement point to be judged.
Specifically, alarm temperature conditionss can be set in advance, for example, multiple constant temperature point alarms can be set, can become for environment
The different alarm control region of change situation setting, each alarm control area sets difference according to the service requirement of user or operating experience
Alarm temperature or temperature rise rate.
Judge process can be: measurement temperature current for this measurement point compared with the measurement temperature that previous moment obtains,
Judge between the current measurement temperature of described measurement point and the measurement temperature that obtains before, whether to exceed the change of setting value, such as
Fruit changes, and determines whether that this change, whether in preset range, if in preset range, represents this measurement point
Temperature is normal.If this change is not in preset range, send the alarm of this measurement point temperature anomaly.
Or make the measurement temperature curve chart in each moment of this measurement point, calculate its temperature rise rate, if temperature rise rate
In preset range, then the temperature representing this measurement point is normal, if temperature rise rate is not in preset range, sends this measurement
The alarm of point temperature anomaly.
Judged based on measurement temperature in step s106, but in another specific embodiment, in order to enter
One step elimination first frequency light is different due to wavelength with second frequency light and produces difference in attenuation and response difference, can be in sensing
In the transmission path of optical fiber, reference optical fiber is set, optional be arranged on this sensor fibre first 200 meters, using the measurement of reference optical fiber
Temperature and actual temperature, to correct the measurement temperature of measurement point, make alarm send more accurate.
The acquisition modes of the measurement temperature of this reference optical fiber are identical with the acquisition modes of the measurement temperature of above-mentioned measurement point,
This repeats no more.This actual temperature is the temperature that this reference optical fiber is stored in calorstat.In a specific embodiment, this reality temperature
Degree can be corresponded to by a magnitude of voltage.
Try to achieve actual temperature t of measurement point by following formula, formula is as follows
Wherein, r (t) is the measurement temperature of measurement point, r (t0) for reference optical fiber measurement temperature, t0For the actual temperature of reference optical fiber, h
For Planck's constant, c is the light velocity, and μ is Boltzmann constant, and k is Boltzmann constant, wherein, k=1.3806488 (13) ×
10^-23j/k.
By the way, can eliminate what first frequency light and second frequency light produced because wavelength is different further
Difference in attenuation and response difference, improve the temperature of the measurement point monitoring such that it is able to send more accurately alarm.
In the above-described embodiment, after obtaining measurement point temperature, further determine that this measurement point position in sensor fibre
Position, that is, realize the positioning to measurement point.
One optional implement embodiment in, by return photo-coupler Raman diffused light transmission time and should
The transmission speed of Raman diffused light, that is, the principle of distance=transmission time * transmission speed determine the position of this measurement point.
In another particular embodiment of the invention, the signal sampling frequencies according to Raman diffused light are determining the position of measurement point
Put, such as, sample frequency is 150mhz, 150m data of collection per second, so each data point corresponding time is t=1/
1.5ns, if light spread speed in a fiber is c=2*108M/s, then between two sampled points, corresponding actual range s is
S=ct=2*108* (1/1.5)=0.65m.Determine distance in the quantity of the sampled point according to interval.
By the way, not only can accurately the measurement point of sensor fibre be accurately positioned, in actual measurement
In, precision can reach 0.67 meter, sets alarm temperature conditionss to different measuring point, realizes the multiple measurements along fiber distribution
Point and multiple temperature spot are reported to the police.And using optical fiber itself as sensor, realize real distributed measurement, realizing supervising in real time
Wrong report and rate of failing to report is substantially reduced while survey.It is additionally, since optical fiber itself to be electrically insulated completely, therefore, pulsed light is being transmitted across
It is not subject to the electromagnetic interference of any external environment in journey, and because fiber-optic transfer data volume is big, loss is little and not burn into fire resisting, resistance to
Water and the characteristic of life-span length, not only in the case of need not relaying, can accurately realize remotely monitoring additionally it is possible to effective reduce
The maintenance cost of sensor itself, and then reduce the operation cost of whole monitoring system.
Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method second embodiment of the present invention.This reality
Mode of applying is carrying out opto-electronic conversion to first frequency light and second frequency light respectively, obtains first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication
Step after also include:
S205: Wavelet Denoising Method process is carried out to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication.
Wavelet Denoising Method process is carried out to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication, noise signal can be eliminated, make measurement temperature
More accurate, as shown in figure 3, this step specifically includes:
S2051: choose wavelet basis function, using wavelet basis function, little wavelength-division is carried out to first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication
Solution obtains the wavelet coefficient on different scale；
Specifically, wavelet basis function is f (x)=g (x)+dn (x), and wherein g (x) is first signal of telecommunication after opto-electronic conversion
Or second signal of telecommunication, n (x) is 0 for average, and variance is s2White Gaussian noise, d be noise level；
The computing formula of wavelet coefficient is wf (2j, x), j=1,2,3 ... n；Wherein j is different scale, and w is weighter factor,
Calculate first signal of telecommunication or second signal of telecommunication wavelet coefficient on different scale using this formula.
S2052: respectively the threshold value of the wavelet coefficient on same yardstick and setting is compared, if wavelet coefficient is little
In the threshold value setting, then remove wavelet coefficient, if wavelet coefficient is more than or equal to threshold value, retain wavelet coefficient；
Set threshold value to be determined in itself by wavelet coefficient, determination process particularly as follows:
A: from the beginning of large scale j=n, it is all values of positive number to wavelet coefficient, calculates average and the variance of these numbers,
Initial threshold and initial step length are determined according to average and variance, such as makes average be initial threshold, make variance be initial step length；
B: wavelet coefficient and initial threshold are compared the threshold number excessively obtaining the wavelet coefficient more than initial threshold,
If that crosses that threshold number is more than or equal to front subdimension crosses threshold number, initial threshold is added initial step length, otherwise will be initial
Threshold value deducts initial step length；
Due to being out to out during j=n it is impossible to be compared with the threshold number of crossing of front subdimension, therefore can be direct
Initial threshold is defined as the threshold value of the setting that wavelet coefficient is positive number；As j=n-1, by threshold number and j=excessively now
Threshold number of crossing during n is compared, if threshold number of crossing now becomes big, initial threshold is added initial step length, such as
Fruit threshold number of crossing now reduces, then initial threshold is deducted initial step length；As j=n-2, and mistake threshold value during j=n-1
Number is compared, when by that analogy to j=1.
C: reduce initial step length；
Add initial step length or after deducting initial step length carrying out initial threshold, reduce initial step length, such as initial step length subtracts
Half.
D: with this cycle calculations initial threshold, until initial step length is less than preset value, initial threshold now is defined as
Threshold value for the setting of the wavelet coefficient of positive number；
Repeat step b, c, until initial step length is less than preset value, preset value is the numerical value setting in advance, generally with elimination
The degree of noise is related.Initial threshold now is defined as the threshold value of the setting of the wavelet coefficient for positive number.
E: determine the threshold value being located at the setting of wavelet coefficient for negative on same yardstick in this approach.
It is all values of negative to wavelet coefficient, be defined as the setting of the wavelet coefficient of negative using step a, b, c, d
Threshold value.
After the threshold value of the setting on each yardstick determines, from the beginning of large scale j=n, it is pointed to successively on same yardstick
Wavelet threshold for positive number and the wavelet threshold for negative carry out denoising, and wavelet coefficient is more than or equal to the threshold value setting
All numerical value retain, and remove the wavelet coefficient less than the threshold value setting, realize the removal of noise signal.
S2053: the wavelet coefficient on different scale is reconstructed.
Wavelet coefficient on different scale is reconstructed with first signal of telecommunication after the noise that is eliminated and second signal of telecommunication.
In another particular embodiment of the invention, also can be first to first signal of telecommunication and the second telecommunications before step s204
Number carry out Kalman filtering process, eliminate larger noise signal, then carry out the Wavelet Denoising Method of step s204 processing, eliminate
Smaller noise signal, carries out two-stage and eliminates noise signal process, obtain more accurate measurement temperature.
In addition, in another specific embodiment, step s204 also can be entered to measurement temperature after step s205
Row Wavelet Denoising Method is processed, and also obtains more accurate measurement temperature.
Refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the structural representation of temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers one embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 3, this temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers includes sensor fibre 301, photo-coupler 302, light processor
303rd, electric signal process unit 304 and warning devicess 305, wherein, this photo-coupler 302 is connected with light processor 303 circuit,
Further as shown in figure 3, this light processor 303 includes beam splitter 3031, the first signal conversion unit 3032, secondary signal turn
Change unit 3033, wherein, this first signal conversion unit 3032 and secondary signal converting unit 3033 respectively with beam splitter
3031 and electric signal process unit 304 circuit connect.
This photo-coupler 302 is used for obtaining the Raman diffused light that the measurement point of sensor fibre 301 returns.
Because optical fiber has the advantages that structure is simple, it is convenient to lay, electric insulation, high temperature resistant, electromagnetism interference, this embodiment party
In formula, light pipe itself is carried out collecting temperature as temperature sensor.It is applied to tunnel fire monitoring etc., can also be applied to other
For temperature sensitive adverse circumstances, here does not limit.
In order to measure to the temperature of monitoring point, further as shown in figure 4, laser instrument 406 rising in sensor fibre 401
Beginning position sends laser, and this laser, under the modulating action of light pulse manipulator 407, forms the short of setting cycle and persistent period
Pulsed light, this pulsed light propagated on sensor fibre by photo-coupler 402.In the transmitting procedure of pulsed light, due to
Pulsed light is interacted with optical fiber molecule, the scattering of various ways occurs, is such as made by the thermal vibration and photon of optical fiber molecule
The Raman scattering being formed with there is energy exchange.The scattered light signal of different distance point has part and returns along transmission light path
To photo-coupler 402.
Accordingly, photo-coupler 402 obtains the optical signal that the measurement point of sensor fibre 401 returns, such as Raman diffused light.
Light pulse manipulator 407 provides clock by electric signal process unit 404, short with setting cycle and persistent period
Pulsed light, therefore, this electric signal process unit 404 is synchronous with the work clock of light pulse manipulator 407, and both circuit are even
Connect.
Beam splitter 3031 obtains first frequency light and second for carrying out light splitting at least partly described Raman diffused light
Frequencies of light.
Further regard to Fig. 3, Raman diffused light produce during, because the thermal vibration of optical fiber molecule and photon are mutual
There is energy exchange in effect, a part of luminous energy is converted into thermal vibration, produces a first frequency longer than light source pulse optical wavelength
Light, i.e. stokes light, a part of thermal vibration is converted into luminous energy, produces a second frequency light shorter than light pulse wavelength, that is,
Anti-Stokes light.Wherein, the side-play amount of the wavelength of this first frequency light and second frequency light is by sensor fibre component
Fixed attribute determines.
Specifically, the photo-coupler 302 of present embodiment is after receiving this Raman diffused light, by Raman scattering optical signal
It is coupled in beam splitter 3031, beam splitter 3031 carries out light splitting and obtains first frequency light and at least part of Raman diffused light
Two frequencies of light.
In one preferred embodiment, 50% Raman scattering optical signal is coupled to beam splitter by photo-coupler 302
In 3031.
First converting unit 3032 is used for carrying out opto-electronic conversion to first frequency light, obtains first signal of telecommunication；Second conversion
Unit 3033 is used for carrying out opto-electronic conversion to second frequency light, obtains second signal of telecommunication.
Analyzed as above-mentioned, because pulsed light is in transmitting procedure, various types of scattered light can be produced, because
This, may also be mingled with other kinds of scattered light and interference light, in order that temperature survey is more accurate, need in Raman diffused light
The to be tried one's best first frequency light ensureing after light splitting and second frequency light pure.Therefore, in beam splitter 3031 to Raman scattering
Light carries out after light splitting obtains first frequency light and second frequency light, being processed the light of this two-way different frequency respectively.
Specifically, the first converting unit 3032 carries out bandpass filtering treatment to first frequency light, then again to through band logical
First frequency light after Filtering Processing carries out opto-electronic conversion and amplification, obtains first signal of telecommunication.Second converting unit 3033 is to
Two frequencies of light carry out bandpass filtering treatment, then again the second frequency light after bandpass filtering treatment is carried out opto-electronic conversion and
Amplify, obtain second signal of telecommunication.
Wherein, this first signal of telecommunication is first voltage value, and second signal of telecommunication is second voltage value.
Wherein, in present embodiment, the first converting unit 3032 and the second converting unit 3033 are by avalanche optoelectronic two
Pole pipe apd carries out opto-electronic conversion and amplification to the first frequency light after bandpass filtering treatment and second frequency light.At other
It is also possible to be carried out to the first frequency light after bandpass filtering treatment and second frequency light by other devices in embodiment
Opto-electronic conversion and amplification, here does not limit.
Electric signal process unit 304 is used for by right between described first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature
The measurement temperature obtaining described measurement point should be related to.
After obtaining first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication, in order that monitoring result is more accurate, Electric signal processing fills
Put 304 and further first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication are carried out with Kalman filtering and/or Wavelet Denoising Method process.
Because the light intensity of Raman diffused light is relevant with temperature, electric signal process unit 304 can pass through first frequency
The ratio of the first light intensity of light and the second light intensity of second frequency light determines the test temperature of measurement point.
Specifically, the first light intensity and first signal of telecommunication are that first voltage value has corresponding relation, second light intensity the second telecommunications
Number i.e. there is corresponding relation in second voltage value, and therefore, electric signal process unit 304 can obtain the first light according to first voltage value
By force, the second light intensity is obtained according to second voltage value.By formulaDetermine temperature r (t) of measurement point, wherein, ia
For the first light intensity, isFor the second light intensity.
Electric signal process unit 304 after obtaining the measurement temperature of measurement point, in order to further determine that the survey of this measurement point
Amount temperature whether there is extremely, such as increases substantially or reduces, needs warning devicess 305 further the temperature of this measurement point to be carried out
Judge.
Specifically, alarm temperature conditionss can be set in warning devicess 305 in advance, for example, multiple constant temperature point polices can be set
Report, can for the different alarm control regions of environmental change situation setting, each alarm control area according to user service requirement or
Operating experience sets different alarm temperature or temperature rise rate.
Judge process can be: measurement temperature current for this measurement point compared with the measurement temperature that previous moment obtains,
Judge between the current measurement temperature of described measurement point and the measurement temperature that obtains before, whether to exceed the change of setting value, such as
Fruit changes, and determines whether that this change, whether in preset range, if in preset range, represents this measurement point
Temperature is normal.If this change is not in preset range, warning devicess 305 send the alarm of this measurement point temperature anomaly.
Or make the measurement temperature in each moment of this measurement point, calculate its temperature rise rate, if temperature rise rate is default
In the range of, then the temperature representing this measurement point is normal, if temperature rise rate is not in preset range, warning devicess 305 send this
The alarm of measurement point temperature anomaly.
By the way, not only can accurately the measurement point of sensor fibre be accurately positioned, in actual measurement
In, precision can reach 0.67 meter, sets alarm temperature conditionss to different measuring point, realizes the multiple measurements along fiber distribution
Point and multiple temperature spot are reported to the police.And using optical fiber itself as sensor, realize real distributed measurement, realizing supervising in real time
Wrong report and rate of failing to report is substantially reduced while survey.It is additionally, since optical fiber itself to be electrically insulated completely, therefore, pulsed light is being transmitted across
It is not subject to the electromagnetic interference of any external environment in journey, and because fiber-optic transfer data volume is big, loss is little and not burn into fire resisting, resistance to
Water and the characteristic of life-span length, not only in the case of need not relaying, can accurately realize remotely monitoring additionally it is possible to effective reduce
The maintenance cost of sensor itself, and then reduce the operation cost of whole monitoring system.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the present invention, not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, every utilization is originally
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that description of the invention and accompanying drawing content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other correlations
Technical field, all includes the scope of patent protection in the present invention in the same manner.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method is it is characterised in that include:
Obtain the Raman diffused light that the measurement point of sensor fibre returns；
Light splitting is carried out at least partly described Raman diffused light and obtains first frequency light and second frequency light；
Respectively opto-electronic conversion is carried out to described first frequency light and second frequency light, obtain first signal of telecommunication and the second telecommunications
Number；
Obtain the survey of described measurement point by the corresponding relation between described first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature
Amount temperature；
If judging, described measurement temperature meets setting alarm temperature conditionss, sends the alarm of described measurement point temperature anomaly.
2. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described respectively to described first frequency
Rate light and second frequency light carry out opto-electronic conversion, also include after obtaining first signal of telecommunication and the step of second signal of telecommunication:
Kalman filtering is carried out to described first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication.
3. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described respectively to described first frequency
Rate light and second frequency light carry out opto-electronic conversion, also include after obtaining first signal of telecommunication and the step of second signal of telecommunication:
Wavelet Denoising Method process is carried out to described first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication.
4. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 3 it is characterised in that described to described first signal of telecommunication and
The step that second signal of telecommunication carries out Wavelet Denoising Method process specifically includes:
Choose wavelet basis function, using described wavelet basis function, wavelet decomposition is carried out to described first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication
Obtain the wavelet coefficient on different scale；
Respectively the threshold value of the wavelet coefficient on same yardstick and setting is compared, if described wavelet coefficient is less than described
The threshold value setting, then remove described wavelet coefficient, if described wavelet coefficient is more than or equal to described threshold value, retains described wavelet systems
Number；
Wavelet coefficient on described different scale is reconstructed.
5. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 4 it is characterised in that described wavelet basis function be f (x)=
G (x)+dn (x), wherein g (x) are described first signal of telecommunication or described second signal of telecommunication；N (x) is 0 for average, and variance is s2's
White Gaussian noise, d is noise level；
The computing formula of described wavelet coefficient is wf (2j, x), j=1,2,3 ... n；Wherein j is different scale, and w is weighter factor.
6. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 5 it is characterised in that described respectively will be positioned at same chi
Also include before the step that the threshold value of the wavelet coefficient on degree and setting is compared:
Calculate and be located at the average of wavelet coefficient and the variance for positive number on same yardstick, determined using described average and variance initial
Threshold value and initial step length；
Described wavelet coefficient and described initial threshold are compared the threshold excessively obtaining the wavelet coefficient more than described initial threshold
Value number, if described cross threshold number be more than or equal to front subdimension cross threshold number, by described initial threshold add described
Described initial threshold is otherwise deducted described initial step length by initial step length；
Reduce described initial step length；
With initial threshold described in this cycle calculations, until described initial step length is less than preset value, by initial threshold definition now
Threshold value for the setting of the described wavelet coefficient for positive number；
Determine the threshold value being located at the setting of wavelet coefficient for negative on same yardstick in this approach.
7. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described first signal of telecommunication is the first electricity
Pressure value, described second signal of telecommunication is second voltage value；
Described described measurement point is obtained by the corresponding relation between described first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication and measurement temperature
The step of measurement temperature specifically include:
Obtain the first light intensity and second frequency of described first frequency light by described first voltage value and second voltage value respectively
Second light intensity of rate light；
The ratio of described first light intensity and described second light intensity is defined as the measurement temperature of described measurement point.
8. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described obtain sensor fibre survey
Also include after the step of Raman diffused light that amount point returns:
By the transmission time of the Raman diffused light of described return and the transmission speed of described Raman diffused light, determine described survey
The position of amount point.
9. distributed optical fiber temperature measuring method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described at least partly described Raman
Scattered light carries out that light splitting obtains first frequency light and the step of second frequency light specifically includes:
50% Raman scattering optical signal is coupled in described beam splitter, to obtain first frequency light and second frequency light,
Wherein, described first frequency light is stokes light, and described second frequency light is anti-Stokes light.
10. a kind of temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers is it is characterised in that include:
Sensor fibre, photo-coupler, light processor, electric signal process unit and warning devicess, described photo-coupler is arranged on
In the transmission path of described sensor fibre, described light processor is connected with described photo-coupler, described electric signal process unit
It is connected with described light processor, described warning devicess are connected with described electric signal process unit；
Described light processor includes beam splitter, the first signal conversion unit and secondary signal converting unit, described first signal
Converting unit and described secondary signal converting unit are connected with described beam splitter and described electric signal process unit respectively；
Described photo-coupler is used for obtaining the Raman diffused light that the measurement point of sensor fibre returns；
Described beam splitter obtains first frequency light and second frequency for carrying out light splitting at least partly described Raman diffused light
Light；
Described first converting unit is used for carrying out opto-electronic conversion to described first frequency light, obtains first signal of telecommunication；Described second
Converting unit is used for carrying out opto-electronic conversion to described second frequency light, obtains second signal of telecommunication；
Described electric signal process unit be used for by described first signal of telecommunication and second signal of telecommunication with corresponding between measurement temperature
Relation obtains the measurement temperature of described measurement point；
If described warning devicess are used for judging that described measurement temperature meets setting alarm temperature conditionss, send described measurement point temperature
The abnormal alarm of degree.
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