CN106338351A - Negative-resistance-effect tension-sensitive sensor - Google Patents
Negative-resistance-effect tension-sensitive sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106338351A CN106338351A CN201510600916.5A CN201510600916A CN106338351A CN 106338351 A CN106338351 A CN 106338351A CN 201510600916 A CN201510600916 A CN 201510600916A CN 106338351 A CN106338351 A CN 106338351A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a negative-resistance-effect tension-sensitive sensor. The tension-sensitive sensor comprises a tension-sensitive material and metal electrodes prepared on the surface of the tension-sensitive material. The tension-sensitive material is conductive rubber, which is prepared by compounding and filling conductive particles in a rubber material, and of which the resistivity is between 1.0*10<3>Omega.cm and 1.0*10<8>Omega.cm. The tension-sensitive sensor is simple in structure, large in mechanical quantity variation amplitude and good in flexibility, and the resistance variation intensity thereof cannot decrease after 1000 times of repetitive stretching. The conductive rubber of the tension-sensitive sensor is prepared by adopting the production process of ordinary rubber, and the tension-sensitive sensor has the advantages of high production efficiency and low manufacturing cost, so that the tension-sensitive sensor has wide application prospect in the fields of biomechanical detection, rehabilitation therapy, intelligent wearing and intelligent robot and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pulling force responsive type sensor field, particularly to a kind of stretching-sensitive type sensor of negative resistance effect.
Background technology
1885, English physicist Kelvin found that metal produces mechanical deformation afterwards bearing pressure (pulling force or torsion)
Simultaneously as changed by scantling (length, sectional area) being affected, resistance value also there occurs that characteristic makes a variation, that is, strain
Electricresistance effect.People just obtain feature and the value of material stress from the change of resistance value, develop pressure-sensitive respectively and draw
The resistance strain sensor of power responsive type.The pulling force responsive type resistance strain type sensor being widely used at present, abbreviation stretching-sensitive resistance
Sensor, mainly has metal strain resistance-type, semiconductor strain resistance-type, alloy strain resistance type etc..But due to sensing material
The restriction of material elastic modelling quantity itself, these strain type resistive sensing elements have the disadvantage in that one is a lack of flexible and elasticity, no
Can bend, thus the application in the field needing the complicated deformation such as bending, stretching is restricted;Two be mechanical quantity amplitude of variation relatively
Little, thus cannot be used for the larger field of deformation quantity;Three is complex structure, and manufacturing cost is high.In biomethanics detection, rehabilitation
It is desirable to sensor not only will possess during the labyrinth mechanical meaurement in the fields such as medical treatment, intelligent robot, wearable device
Good stress-resistance characteristic, and require there is outstanding pliable and tough mechanical property.Therefore, metal type or half in these areas
The application of conductor type resistance strain sensor just receives the restriction of natural resiliency modulus.It is, thus, sought for new pliability is excellent
Good mechanics sensitive material manufactures flexible strain type pulling force sensor.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of stretching-sensitive type sensor of negative resistance effect, strengthen flexibility and the elasticity of sensor,
Increase the amplitude of variation of mechanical quantity, reduces cost.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme is that a kind of stretching-sensitive type sensor of negative resistance effect, including stretching-sensitive
Material and the metal electrode being produced on described stretching-sensitive material surface.Described stretching-sensitive material is filling conductive filler in elastomeric material
The resistivity made is between 1.0 × 103ω .cm and 1.0 × 108A kind of conductive rubber between ω .cm, described metal electrode is selected from gold
Belong to one of film, metal forming, sheet metal, by conductive glue bond, silver paste serigraphy, vacuum coating or mechanical crimp
Mode is produced on stretching-sensitive material two ends.Described negative resistance effect stretching-sensitive type sensor resistance under tensile force effect constantly declines, and is in
Reveal negative pulling force-electricresistance effect, 5-500 times of resistance variations can be produced when deformation quantity is 30%, and this stretching-sensitive type sensing
The amplitude of variation of the mechanical quantity of device is big, and flexible and elasticity is fine, and after 1000 repeated stretchings, resistance variations intensity will not
Decline.By the change of detection resistance value, or resistance signal is converted into electric current, voltage or capacitance signal, is obtained in that biography
The information of external forces suffered by sensor, can be in necks such as biomethanics detection, rehabilitation medical, intelligence wearing, intelligent robots
Domain carries out the measurement of mechanical quantity.
Conducting particles passes through the formation conductive path that contacts with each other of microcosmic in rubber matrix, thus when material is subject to extraneous pressure
Or during pulling force effect, the spacing of material internal adjacent conductive particle changes, and results in relying on the contact of conducting particles and is formed
Conductive path changes, and causes the resistance of macroscopically material to change, therefore can be used as a kind of mechanics sensing material.Rubber
The excellent flexibility of matrix body itself and elasticity give the excellent flexibility of described stretching-sensitive type sensor and elasticity, and larger mechanical quantity
Amplitude of variation, can overcome the shortcomings of metal type or semiconductor-type resistance strain sensor in terms of pliability and elasticity.
For realizing technique scheme, described stretching-sensitive material according to each component ratio of mass parts is: 100 parts of rubber matrix, protection
System 0.1-3 part, vulcanizing system 1-15 part, conductive filler 20-100 part.Wherein, mass parts are industrial for calculating side
Just using intuitively quality proportioning method, the mass ratio of digital directly proportion substance required for expression.
Further, described elastomeric material is natural rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, poly- isoamyl two
At least one in alkene rubber, butadiene rubber.
Further, described protection system, including amines antioxidants and phenol antiager.
Further, described vulcanizing system, including vulcanizing agent, vulcanization accelerator and activating agent.
Further, described activating agent includes zinc oxide or stearic acid.
Further, described vulcanization accelerator includes thuriam acceserator, thiazole accelerator, guanidines or secondary sulphur
Amide-type accelerator.
Further, described vulcanizing agent includes sulphur and organic peroxide.
Further, organic peroxide, including cumyl peroxide dcp, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dual-tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl base benzene, 1,1-
Double (t-butyl peroxy) n-butyl pentanoate of bis(t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, tert butyl isopropyl benzene peroxide, 4,4-.
Further, described conductive filler is carbon black, and average grain diameter is 20-120nm, and oil factor is 40cm3/100g-
200cm3/100g.
Further, the resistivity of described conductive rubber material is between 1.0 × 103ω .cm and 1.0 × 108Between ω .cm.
Further, described metal electrode is selected from one of metal forming, sheet metal, metal film, special-shaped hardware, passes through
Conductive glue bond, the mode of conductive silver paste serigraphy, vacuum coating or mechanical crimp are produced on stretching-sensitive material two ends.Described lead
Electric silver paste is ultraviolet curing type.The method of described vacuum coating includes vacuum vapor plating, vacuum magnetron sputtering coating film, vacuum
Ion film plating.
Further, the stretching-sensitive type sensor of described negative resistance effect, including the metal of stretching-sensitive material and making stretching-sensitive material surface
Electrode.
Further, the resistance value of stretching-sensitive type sensor is between 50k ω and 50000k ω.
Described stretching-sensitive type sensor resistance value rapid decrease under tensile force effect, presents negative stretching-sensitive electricresistance effect, works as stretching
5-500 times of resistance variations can be produced when 30%.The change multiplying power of stretching-sensitive type electric resistance sensor resistance value before and after tensile deformation,
The sensitivity of stretching-sensitive sensor can be characterized.
After under tension effect, stretching-sensitive length of material increases described stretching-sensitive sensor, and sectional area diminishes, and material internal
The change in conducting particles gap leads to material conductive microstructure network change, thus causing the change of resistivity of material.Resistivity of material,
The capacitance that between electrode, the comprehensive change of the factor such as length of material also simultaneously results between stretching-sensitive material two end electrodes becomes
Change.
Further, the capacitance of the stretching-sensitive type sensor of the present invention increases with tensile deformation and increases, 30% tensile deformation model
The capacitance variation multiplying power enclosing interior stretching-sensitive sensor is 5 to 500 times.
Present invention also offers a kind of negative resistance effect stretching-sensitive sensor manufacture method, comprise the following steps:
Step a: according to certain quality proportioning by rubber matrix, age resistor, conductive filler, vulcanizing agent, according to said sequence
It is added sequentially to two-roll mill or banbury is kneaded, after each component mixes, thin pass-out piece, whole mixing process
Temperature control below 80 DEG C.
Step b: conductive rubber sizing material will be kneaded and put in mould, sulfidization molding under certain temperature and pressure, led
Electric rubber plate.Specific curing parameter determines according to different rubber matrixs.
Step c: conductive rubber sheet material cuts into the rubber batten of certain length and width, using conductive silver glue bonding, height
The method of warm pressure, silver paste serigraphy or vacuum coating makes metal electrode it is also possible to connect thereon further at batten two ends
Connect plain conductor, thus preparing the stretching-sensitive sensor of negative resistance effect.
Beneficial effect: the present invention provide the stretching-sensitive sensor of negative resistance effect resistance value between 50k ω and 50000k ω it
Between.Stretching-sensitive sensor construction of the present invention is simple, and low cost of manufacture constantly declines in tensile force effect lower sensor resistance, presents
Go out negative resistance effect, the capacitance simultaneously increasing with tensile deformation between the metal electrode of sensor two ends increases, when deformation quantity is
5-500 times of resistance and capacitance variations can be produced, the amplitude of variation of sensor mechanical quantity is big, and flexible and elasticity is fine when 30%,
And this sensor is after 1000 repeated stretchings, resistance variations intensity will not decline.The excellent pliability of rubber itself gives institute
State the excellent flexibility of sensor and elasticity, overcome metal type and semiconductor-type strain transducer elasticity and flexibility in terms of not
Foot.By the change of detection resistance value, or resistance signal is converted into electric current, voltage or capacitance signal, is obtained in that sensing
The information of external forces suffered by device, therefore has in fields such as biomethanics detection, instrument and meter, health medical treatment, artificial intelligence
Have broad application prospects.
Brief description
Fig. 1-Fig. 7 is that the resistance value (capacitance) of the stretching-sensitive sensor of negative resistance effect of the present invention is bent with the change of tensile deformation
Line chart.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clearly understood that the technology contents of the present invention, especially exemplified by following examples, the present invention is elaborated:
Embodiment 1
The stretching-sensitive sensor of the negative resistance effect of the present embodiment adopts conductive rubber as stretching-sensitive material, and its preparation method is as follows:
The proportioning components of conductive rubber and preparation method are as follows:
In the following order by the natural rubber of 100 mass parts, the age resistor d of 1 mass parts, the zinc oxide of 5 mass parts, 2
The stearic acid of mass parts, the accelerator m of 1 mass parts, carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, the oil suction of 110 mass parts
Value 120m2/ g, Columbian Chemical), the sulphur of 2.5 mass parts, it is added sequentially to two-roll mill and kneaded, mill
Machine temperature is set as 50 DEG C, after each component mixes, thin pass-out piece.The conductive natural rubber kneading is put in mould,
At 140 DEG C, vulcanize 15 minutes under 15mpa pressure, obtain the conductive natural rubber sheet material of 1mm thickness.
By conductive rubber sheet material, cut into length 50mm, the batten of width 5mm, using conductive silver glue bonding method in sample
Bar two ends are made metal foil electrode and are connected metal copper conductor thereon, and wherein metal forming is nickel plating Copper Foil, thickness 0.035mm,
Length 10mm, width 5mm;Copper lines diameter 0.4mm.
As the stretching-sensitive material of the present invention, its resistivity is between 1.0 × 10 for conductive rubber material described in the present embodiment3ω .cm and
1.0×108Between ω .cm.Stretching-sensitive sensor manufactured in the present embodiment resistance value under tensile force effect constantly declines, and presents negative
Electricresistance effect, and pliability and elasticity are good, and mechanical quantity amplitude of variation is big, and structure is simple, low cost of manufacture.
Flexibility stretching-sensitive material of the present invention is the conductive rubber material that filling conductive filler is made in elastomeric material, described gold
Belong to electrode and be selected from one of metal film, metal forming, sheet metal, special-shaped hardware, by conductive glue bond, high temperature hot pressing,
The mode of silver paste serigraphy or vacuum coating is produced on the surface at stretching-sensitive material two ends.The switching mode of the negative pulling sensitive effect of the present invention
Electric resistance sensor structure is simple, and low cost of manufacture constantly declines in tensile force effect lower sensor resistance, presents negative stretching-sensitive electricity
Inhibition effect, can produce 5-500 times of resistance variations when deformation quantity is 30%, and the amplitude of variation of mechanical quantity is big, flexible and elastic
Very well, and this sensor is after 1000 repeated stretchings, resistance variations intensity will not decline.
Preferably, described stretching-sensitive material is grouped part ratio according to mass parts each group and is: 100 parts of elastomeric material, protection system 0.1
Part, 2 parts of vulcanizing system, 20 parts of conductive filler.
Preferably, according to mass parts each component ratio it is: 100 parts of elastomeric material, 1.5 parts of protection system, 7 parts of vulcanizing system,
70 parts of conductive filler.
Preferably, according to mass parts each component ratio it is: 100 parts of elastomeric material, 3 parts of protection system, 15 parts of vulcanizing system,
110 parts of conductive filler.
Preferably, described elastomeric material is natural rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, polyisoprene
At least one in rubber, butadiene rubber.
Preferably, protection system includes amines antioxidants and phenol antiager.
Preferably, described vulcanizing system includes vulcanizing agent, vulcanization accelerator and activating agent.
Preferably, described activating agent includes zinc oxide or stearic acid.
Preferably, described vulcanization accelerator includes thuriam acceserator, thiazole accelerator, guanidines or secondary sulphonyl
Amine type accelerator.
Preferably, described vulcanizing agent is sulphur and organic peroxide.
Preferably, described organic peroxide, including cumyl peroxide dcp, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dual-tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl base benzene,
Double (t-butyl peroxy) n-butyl pentanoate of 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, tert butyl isopropyl benzene peroxide, 4,4-.
Preferably, described conductive filler is carbon black, and the average grain diameter of this carbon black is 20nm, and oil factor is 40cm3/100g.
Preferably, described conductive filler is carbon black, and the average grain diameter of this carbon black is 70nm, and oil factor is 120cm3/100g.
Preferably, described conductive filler is carbon black, and the average grain diameter of this carbon black is 120nm, and oil factor is 200cm3/100g.
Preferably, the resistivity of described conductive rubber material is 1.0 × 103ω.cm.
Preferably, the resistivity of described conductive rubber material is 1.0 × 105ω.cm.
Preferably, the resistivity of described conductive rubber material is 1.0 × 108ω.cm.
Preferably, described metal electrode is selected from one of metal forming, sheet metal, metal film, glues serigraphy by conducting resinl
Or the mode of vacuum coating or mechanical crimp is produced on the surface at stretching-sensitive material two ends.
Preferably, the resistance value of described stretching-sensitive sensor is 50k ω.
Preferably, the resistance value of described stretching-sensitive sensor is 5000k ω.
Preferably, the resistance value of described stretching-sensitive sensor is 50000k ω.
Preferably, resistance value increases with deformation and declines described stretching-sensitive sensor under a stretching force, and shape is changed into resistance value when 30%
Change multiplying power is 5 times.
Preferably, resistance value increases with deformation and declines described stretching-sensitive sensor under a stretching force, and shape is changed into resistance value when 30%
Change multiplying power is 100 times.
Preferably, resistance value increases with deformation and declines described stretching-sensitive sensor under a stretching force, and shape is changed into resistance value when 30%
Change multiplying power is 500 times.
Preferably, capacitance increases with deformation and increases described stretching-sensitive sensor under a stretching force, and shape is changed into capacitance when 30%
Change multiplying power is 5 times.
Preferably, capacitance increases with deformation and increases described stretching-sensitive sensor under a stretching force, and shape is changed into capacitance when 30%
Change multiplying power is 100 times.
Preferably, capacitance increases with deformation and increases described stretching-sensitive sensor under a stretching force, and shape is changed into capacitance when 30%
Change multiplying power is 500 times.
Test the stretching-sensitive characteristic of the negative resistance effect stretching-sensitive sensor of the present embodiment according to following method of testing:
A () tests the Changing Pattern increasing its resistance value and capacitance with tensile deformation for the stretching-sensitive sensor, draw resistance value
And the relation curve of capacitance and tensile deformation, as shown in Figure 1.
B () tests stretching-sensitive the sensor repeatable performance of resistance variations and stability under surely stretching deformation: set tensile deformation
30%, set sample and be stretched to the retention time determining elongation as 5 seconds, after unloading pulling force, the turnaround time of sample is 30 seconds,
The number of times of repeated stretching is 1000 times, resistance and the resistance value being stretched to during tensile deformation 30% before each stretching of record, and data arranges
In table 2.
Embodiment 2
In conjunction with Fig. 2, according to the stretching-sensitive sensor manufacturing negative resistance effect with embodiment 1 same procedure, but the charcoal of 90 mass parts
Black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m2/ g, Columbian Chemical) 110 mass parts in alternate embodiment 1
Carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m2/ g, Columbian Chemical).According to institute in embodiment 1
State the properties that identical mode tests stretching-sensitive sensor, the results are shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 3
In conjunction with Fig. 3, according to the stretching-sensitive sensor manufacturing negative resistance effect with embodiment 1 same procedure, but with 80 mass parts
Carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m2/ g, Columbian Chemical) 110 mass in alternate embodiment 1
Carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m of part2/ g, Columbian Chemical).According to embodiment 1
Described in identical mode test the properties of stretching-sensitive sensor, the results are shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 4
In conjunction with Fig. 4, according to the stretching-sensitive sensor manufacturing negative resistance effect with embodiment 1 same procedure, but with 70 mass parts
Carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m2/ g, Columbian Chemical) 110 mass in alternate embodiment 1
Carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m of part2/ g, Columbian Chemical).According to embodiment 1
Described in identical mode test the properties of stretching-sensitive sensor, the results are shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 5
In conjunction with Fig. 5, according to the stretching-sensitive sensor manufacturing negative resistance effect with embodiment 1 same procedure, but with 50 mass parts
Carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m2/ g, Columbian Chemical) 110 mass in alternate embodiment 1
Carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m of part2/ g, Columbian Chemical).According to embodiment 1
Described in identical mode test the properties of stretching-sensitive sensor, the results are shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 6
In conjunction with Fig. 6, according to the stretching-sensitive sensor manufacturing negative resistance effect with embodiment 1 same procedure, but replaced with nitrile rubber
Natural rubber in embodiment 1, with carbon black (vxc72, particle diameter 30nm, oil factor 174m of 30 mass parts2/ g, card is rich
Special) carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m of 110 mass parts in alternate embodiment 12/ g, brother's rival
Sub- chemistry), with the age resistor d of 1 mass parts in the age resistor d alternate embodiment 1 of 0.5 mass parts.According to embodiment 1
Described in identical mode test the properties of stretching-sensitive sensor, the results are shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 7
In conjunction with Fig. 7, according to the stretching-sensitive sensor manufacturing negative resistance effect with embodiment 1 same procedure, but use ethylene propylene diene rubber
Replace the natural rubber in embodiment 1, with carbon black (raven430, particle diameter 82nm, oil factor 75m of 100 mass parts2/ g,
Columbian Chemical) carbon black (raven520u, particle diameter 58nm, oil factor 120m of 110 mass parts in alternate embodiment 12/ g,
Columbian Chemical), with the age resistor d of 1 mass parts in the age resistor d alternate embodiment 1 of 2 mass parts.According to and implement
Described in example 1, identical mode tests the properties of stretching-sensitive sensor, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 1
Note: material composition unit: mass parts
Initial resistance and resistivity are mean value
Table 2
By resistance or electric capacity and the stretching of the stretching-sensitive sensor of the negative resistance effect to embodiment 7 for the embodiment in Fig. 1 to Fig. 71
The relation curve of deformation can be seen that the present invention offer stretching-sensitive sensor, its resistance value with tensile deformation increase continuous under
Fall, capacitance is continuously increased with tensile deformation increase.
By the data in table 2 it can be seen that the stretching-sensitive type sensor of the negative resistance effect of the present invention has good resistance weight
Renaturation can be with pulling sensitive effect Repeatability, and stretching-sensitive type resistor still has excellent pulling sensitive effect after 1000 stretchings.
The stretching-sensitive type sensor construction of the negative resistance effect that the present invention provides is simple, low cost of manufacture, senses under tensile force effect
Device resistance constantly declines, and presents negative resistance effect, increases the electricity between the metal electrode of sensor two ends with tensile deformation simultaneously
Capacitance increases, and can produce 5-500 times of resistance and capacitance variations, the stretching-sensitive sensor mechanics of the present invention when deformation quantity is 30%
The amplitude of variation of amount is big, and very well, and this sensor is after 1000 repeated stretchings for flexible and elasticity, and resistance variations multiplying power is not
Can decline.By detect drawing process sensor resistance change, or by the resistance signal of change be converted into voltage, electric current or
Capacitance signal, can carry out the measurement of power, have in fields such as biomethanics, rehabilitation medical, intelligence wearing and artificial intelligence
Wide application prospect.
Above content is to further describe it is impossible to assert the present invention with reference to specific preferred embodiment is made for the present invention
Be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from this
On the premise of inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of negative resistance effect stretching-sensitive type sensor it is characterised in that: include stretching-sensitive material and the metal electrode that is produced on described stretching-sensitive material surface;Described stretching-sensitive resistance material is that conducting particles is dispersed in the resistivity made in elastomeric material between 1.0 × 103ω .cm and 1.0 × 108A kind of conductive rubber material between ω .cm, each constituent mass part ratio is: 100 parts of rubber matrix, protection system 0.1-5 part, vulcanizing system 1-15 part, conducting particles 20-100 part.
2. negative resistance effect as claimed in claim 1 stretching-sensitive type sensor it is characterised in that: described elastomeric material is selected from natural rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, neoprene, polyisoprene rubber, at least one in butadiene rubber.
3. negative resistance effect as claimed in claim 1 stretching-sensitive type sensor it is characterised in that: described conducting particles be selected from carbon black, average grain diameter be 20-120nm, oil factor be 40cm3/100g - 200cm3/100g.
4. the stretching-sensitive type sensor of negative resistance effect as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described conductive rubber material is to carry out vulcanization crosslinking using sulphur or organic peroxide.
5. negative resistance effect as claimed in claim 1 stretching-sensitive type sensor it is characterised in that: described metal electrode is selected from one of metal film, metal forming, sheet metal or profiled metal part.
6. negative resistance effect as claimed in claim 1 stretching-sensitive type sensor it is characterised in that: the resistance value of described stretching-sensitive type sensor is between 50k ω and 50000k ω.
7. negative resistance effect as claimed in claim 1 stretching-sensitive type sensor it is characterised in that: described stretching-sensitive type sensor under tensile force effect with tensile deformation increase resistance value decline, during tensile deformation 30% resistance variations multiplying power be 5-500 times.
8. negative resistance effect as claimed in claim 1 stretching-sensitive type sensor it is characterised in that: described stretching-sensitive type sensor under tensile force effect with tensile deformation increase capacitance increase, during tensile deformation 30% capacitance variation multiplying power be 5-500 times.
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