CN106331715B - Based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 and its coding method - Google Patents
Based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 and its coding method Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
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Abstract
The present invention provide it is a kind of based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 and its coding method, the system comprises syntactic element storage device, entropy coding control device, binaryzation device, coded command array device, context management and maintenance device, based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, stream code packing apparatus, context initialization control device, context initial value storage device；Solving coding unit H.265 by the system becomes 64 × 64 pieces from 16 × 16 pieces, the throughput bottleneck of hardware coder is caused to be transferred to other modules from entropy coding, the technical issues of causing the speed of monokaryon real-time coding to can not meet actual demand, reach under the precondition for guaranteeing entropy coding system throughput, reduces the purpose of hardware spending as far as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of video coding, relate in particular to a kind of H.265 hard-wired method of entropy coding.
Background technique
H.265 in January, 2013, JCT-VC have issued video compression coding standard of new generation, with previous generation Video coding
H.264, standard is compared, and performance boost nearly 50% or so, in the near future, video encoding standard of new generation H.265 will be various
Coding and decoding video occasion is generally used, and encoder used in various video encoders, which will be also updated, thus changes
Generation.
One complete video encoder includes intra prediction, inter-prediction, loop filtering, model selection and entropy coding etc.
Module, since the complexity of algorithm is high, software is difficult to accomplish real-time coding, and most encoders are implemented in hardware.?
In the H.265 code stream of standard, slice_segment_data and its following stratificational grammar element occupy code stream overwhelming majority ratio
Example, for this purpose, hardware coder with slice (band) for unit, be only responsible for completing slice_segment_data and its with lower layer
The coding of the coding of secondary syntactic element, slice_header and its above stratificational grammar element transfers to CPU to complete.
Opposite previous generation video encoding standard, video encoding standard of new generation have done many optimization works in terms of entropy coding
Make, wherein most important change is no longer to support CAVLC (the adaptive variable length coding based on context), only supports CABAC (base
In the adaptive arithmetic code of context).Wherein, the CABAC coding needs first by various syntactic elements according to norm constraint
It carries out binaryzation and generates two class Bin (string of binary characters): Regular Bin (normal binary character string) and Bypass Bin
(bypass string of binary characters).Regular Bin belongs to the Bin for needing context modeling, completes each Regular Bin's
Coding correct context, Range (length) and Low (lower limit) state need to be provided, needed after finishing update context,
Range and Low state, this is a compact closed loop, and only completing after all operations of current Regular Bin could be into
Enter the coding of next Bin；Bypass Bin belongs to the Bin for not needing context modeling, does not need any contextual information, right
The update of Range and Low state is also simpler, only needs shifting function, does not need Regular Bin such as and once searched
Table handling.
Compared with H.264 used CABAC coding, H.265 mainly optimizing at following three aspect:
1) reduce Bin total number；
2) reduce the Regular Bin number that need to use context modeling；
3) the Bypass Bin for not needing context modeling is sorted out and concentrates coding.
In the hardware implementations of previous generation video encoding standard H.264, entropy code module is usually an encoder
The bottleneck module of scheme throughput, often a cycle, which completes a Regular Bin coding, to meet the requirements, conventional to solve
Method is that a cycle completes multiple Regular Bin codings, this can bring many problems, for example: critical path is elongated to be caused
Collective frequency is limited, multiple Regular Bin be completed at the same time coding result in Range and Low state update it is more complicated, be
The hardware spending of binarization module that one period of matching completes multiple Regular Bin codings and designs becomes larger rapidly.Phase
For a cycle completes a Bypass Bin, a cycle completes multiple Bypass Bin codings and is also required to pay volume
Outer hardware spending, but compared with Regular Bin, then cost is much smaller, and experiment shows that a cycle completes 8 Bypass
Bin coding is that speed and area are compromised selection well.
In order to improve compression ratio when carrying out large format encoding video pictures, coding unit H.265 becomes from 16X16 block
64X64 block, relative to other modules, entropy coding is lower to block size sensitivity, the throughput bottleneck of hardware coder scheme
It transfers in other modules, such as model selection, motion search or loop filtering etc., monokaryon real-time coding will face huge
Challenge, for this purpose, be H.265 specifically incorporated parallel encoding mode, and customized the CABAC coding engine of parallel encoding thus,
The hardware plan of multicore architecture will be mainstream scheme.In the optimization by CABAC coding and after the sharing of multicore, encoder
Requirement to entropy coding throughput further decreases, and a cycle completes gulping down for 1 Regular Bin or 8 Bypass Bin
The rate of spitting has been able to the requirement for meeting most application scenarios.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, the present invention provide it is a kind of based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 and its
Coding method, the coding unit to solve H.265 become 64 × 64 pieces from 16 × 16 pieces, cause the throughput of hardware coder
Bottleneck is transferred to other modules from entropy coding, and the technology for causing the speed of monokaryon real-time coding to can not meet actual demand is asked
Topic reaches under the precondition for guaranteeing entropy coding system throughput, reduces the purpose of hardware spending as far as possible.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that providing a kind of based on video compression coding standard
H.265 entropy coding system, including core outer mold piece and multiple core internal modules, the core outer mold piece is for initializing context；Its
It is characterized in that, the core internal module includes: syntactic element storage device, for storing syntactic element to be encoded, the grammer member
Element includes residual error grammer storage unit and residual error syntactic element；Entropy coding control device is filled for storing from institute's syntax elements
It sets inside and reads syntactic element, control coding process, the adjacent block message of management and transmission binaryzation instruction；Binaryzation device is used
Binaryzation instruction in receiving and according to entropy coding control device output carries out binaryzation to the syntactic element to be encoded,
To form coded command output；Context management and maintenance device carry out context initialization by the core outer mold piece, are used in combination
In persistently reading and updating context in an encoding process, it is received and translated into the coded command formation arithmetic coding and refers to
It enables；Based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, for receiving and being sent out according to the context management and maintenance device
The arithmetic coding instruction sent carries out arithmetic coding, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream；Code packing apparatus is flowed, it is outer for receiving
The head letter code stream and the arithmetic coding based on the output of context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus of portion's controller configuration
Code stream, the head letter code stream and the arithmetic coding code stream are spliced to form a final code stream output by flowing code packing apparatus.
The present invention is based on the entropy coding system of video compression coding standard H.265 further improvement lies in that, the grammer
Element storage device has residual error grammer storage unit and non-residual error grammer storage unit；The residual error syntactic element passes through
H.265 entropy coding is encoded with 4 × 4 pieces for unit, enables 4 × 4 raw residual data for possessing nonzero coefficient suitable according to encoding
Sequence is stored in the residual error grammer storage unit；Data volume Wei≤384 of the residual error syntactic element × 256 bits；It is described non-
Residual error syntactic element is stored in the non-residual error grammer storage unit according to the coded sequence of H.265 standard；The non-residual error language
Data volume Wei≤113 × 64 bits of the method element under intra prediction mode, data volume Wei≤177 under interframe method survey mode
× 64 bits.
The present invention is based on the entropy coding system of video compression coding standard H.265 further improvement lies in that, the two-value
Makeup, which is set, between the context management and maintenance device there is a coded command array device to connect, the coded command team
Array apparatus is used to receive and cache the coded command of the binaryzation device output and exports to the context management and maintenance
Device, and/or for matching the binaryzation device and the coding based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus
Speed.
The present invention is based on the entropy coding system of video compression coding standard H.265 further improvement lies in that, the stream code
The bit stream buffer space of packing apparatus is 16 × 32~24 × 32 bits.
The present invention is based on the entropy coding system of video compression coding standard H.265 further improvement lies in that, it is described up and down
Text management includes a two-port RAM with 155 × 7 bits with maintenance device, for storing context；The context
Management and maintenance device obtain initial before trip bar band coding from the context initial value storage device of the core outer mold piece
Value；The context management and maintenance device in wavefront coded mode, starting a line coding tree unit coding before, first from
The context initial value storage device of the core outer mold piece obtains initial value, and in the coding for executing the first two coding tree unit
In the process, updated context is output in the context initial value storage device；The context management with
Maintenance device is when executing normal binary string encoding, for reading the content of current context address, being output to
It is described to be based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, and update the content of the context address；The context pipe
Reason and maintenance device are current for reading when executing normal binary string encoding and bypass binary-coded character string encoding
The content of the current context address is output to the context-adaptive arithmetic coding that is based on and drawn by the hereafter content of address
Device is held up, and further updates the content of the context address when executing normal binary string encoding.
The present invention is based on the entropy coding system of video compression coding standard H.265 further improvement lies in that, it is described to be based on
Context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus has an arithmetic coding internal status register, described to be based on context-adaptive
Arithmetic coding engine apparatus updates the arithmetic coding internal status register according to arithmetic coding instruction, is answered with output phase
Arithmetic coding code stream；It is described to be returned when completing a band coding based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus
An end-of-encode is returned to instruct to the context management and maintenance device.
The present invention is based on the entropy coding system of video compression coding standard H.265 further improvement lies in that, it is described up and down
Text initialization control device, the whole of three kinds of different CABAC initialization types required for being initialized comprising CABAC coding engine
Parameter, the band quantization parameter (slice_qp) for configuring in conjunction with the peripheral control unit generate the upper of CABAC coding engine
Hereafter initialization data；It include the ROM of one 465 × 8 bits in the context initialization control device, it is described for storing
Hereafter initiation parameter；The context initial value storage device, for storing the CABAC coding of all coding cores in encoder
Engine required context in initialization；The context initial value storage device includes that a depth is 155 and number
It is the single port RAM of 7 bits according to bit wide.
The present invention is based on the entropy coding system of video compression coding standard H.265 further improvement lies in that, the two-value
Makeup set output coded command information include the corresponding syntactic element to be encoded all strings of binary characters mode letter
Breath, binary value information, the context address information of normal binary character string and/or bypass binary-coded character string length letter
Breath；Those information form the coded command information output after being packaged.
In addition, present invention provides a kind of entropy coding method based on video compression coding standard H.265, method step
Suddenly include:
1) residual error syntactic element and non-residual error syntactic element are stored separately；The storage of Yong≤384 Shi × 256 bits memory
Residual error data, Yong≤177 Shi × 64 bits memory store non-residual error data；
2) according to H.265 standard, the binaryzation instruction of various syntactic elements is initiated in order；
3) it is instructed according to the binaryzation and corresponding syntactic element is executed into corresponding binarization operation；
4) caching step 2) and step 3) formed coded command, match prime module and post-module coded command；
5) a set of context is safeguarded in each coding core, persistently read in the context in an encoding process
Hold, and stores and/or update the context；
6) it is encoded according to the context, to form the output of arithmetic coding code stream；
7) head information code current and the arithmetic coding code stream final code stream is spliced to form to export.
Further, the method and step of the entropy coding method the present invention is based on video compression coding standard H.265 further includes:
Before trip bar band coding, the initialization operation of the storage unit of the core outer mold piece is first completed；
Before starting each core internal module and carrying out the coding of each row respectively, the storage unit of the core internal module is first completed
Initialization operation, restart the coding work that each core internal module executes current line.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the configuration diagram of entropy coding system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the multicore coding scheme schematic diagram of entropy coding system of the present invention.
The corresponding relationship of appended drawing reference and component is as follows:
Syntactic element storage device 1；Entropy coding control device 2；Binaryzation device 3；Coded command array device 4；Up and down
Text management and maintenance device 5；Based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6；Flow code packing apparatus 7；Context is initial
Change control device 8；Context initial value storage device 9；Peripheral control unit 10；Core internal module A；Core outer mold piece B.
Specific embodiment
For the benefit of to understanding of the invention, it is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In the present invention, " H.265 standard " is the abbreviation of video compression coding standard H.265.
For the benefit of to understanding of the invention, below in conjunction with attached FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, the syntactic element list and implementation of 1~table of table 23
Example is illustrated.The table 1 to table 23 converges whole after specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, entropy coding system (the hereinafter referred to as entropy coding the present invention is based on video compression coding standard H.265
System), it is made of encoder core internal module A and encoder core outer mold piece B two parts, the core internal module A is by dotted line frame
Several devices constitute, comprising: syntactic element storage device 1, entropy coding control device 2, binaryzation device 3, coded command team
Array apparatus 4, context management and maintenance device 5 are based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6；The core outer mold piece B
Then it is made of two devices in solid box, comprising: context initialization control device 8 and context initial value storage device 9,
And there is the entropy coding system peripheral control unit 10 to connect with the core internal module A and the core outer mold piece B.Such as Fig. 2, show
Show multicore coding structure block diagram of the present invention, only show entropy coding core internal module in this, actually each coding core further includes mould
Other devices such as formula prediction meanss, intra prediction device, inter-prediction device and loop filter；Realizing entropy volume of the present invention
When code system, each core needs a set of core internal module A, and entire encoder only needs a set of core outer mold piece B.
Before starting slice (band) coding, the context first sent instructions to outside core by peripheral control unit 10 is initial
Change control device 8, completes the initialization operation of storage unit in the context initial value storage device 9 outside core.It is each starting
Before core carries out the coding of each row respectively, the context management and maintenance device in core are first sent instructions to by peripheral control unit 10
5, the initialization operation of the storage unit in context management and maintenance device 5 is completed, restarts each core later and executes currently
Capable coding work.
Institute's syntax elements storage device 1 is responsible for storage syntactic element to be encoded, including residual error syntactic element and non-residual error
Syntactic element, two different syntactic elements be divided to two pieces of bit wides and depth it is all different memory storage；For residual error grammer member
Element, H.265 entropy coding is encoded with 4 × 4 pieces for unit, since residual error syntactic element to be encoded (need to directly carry out binaryzation
And participate in CABAC coding syntactic element) generate more complex and different masses between difference it is very big, syntactic element is deposited
Storage device possesses 4 × 4 raw residual data of nonzero coefficient only according to coded sequence storage；For non-residual error syntactic element, ginseng
Non- residual error syntactic element is pressed according to coded sequence according to H.265 201304 editions 7.3.8 sections of official standard, syntactic element storage device
Sequence storage.
Coding tree unit (Coding Tree Unit, CTU) is H.265/ high efficiency video coding (High
Efficiency Video Coding, HEVC) processing unit.This processing unit class is encoded like H.264/ high-order video
Macro zone block (Macroblock) in (Advanced Video Coding, AVC).It is big when coding tree unit in the present invention
It is small when being set as 64 × 64 and not supporting a predicting unit with reference to two reference frames, using language shown in 1~table of table 23
Method element arranges scheme, separately stores residual error syntactic element and non-residual error syntactic element in syntactic element storage device, respectively
It is as follows with different storage strategies:
1) it is directed to residual error syntactic element, since the generation of the syntactic element to be encoded of residual error is complex, the work of this part
It is completed inside entropy coding, syntactic element storage device only stores the raw residual number that sub-block is converted containing nonzero coefficient 4 × 4
According to.Residual error data bit wide is 16 bits, for this purpose, the data of the residual error syntactic element for the coding tree unit that a size is 64 × 64
Amount is up to the bit of 64 × 64 × 1.5 × 16/256 × 256=384 × 256 (Liang≤384 residual error syntactic element Shuo Ju × 256 ratios
It is special)；In actual coding scene, often most of residual error data is equal to 0, only small part residual error data non-zero；In the present invention
In, the compression of residual error data can be carried out using the common lossless compression means in this field；
2) it is at most needed under intra prediction mode using in 11 content of table, 1 table 2 for non-residual error syntactic element
Appearance, 13 content of table, 64 4 contents of table, 64 7 contents of table (every 4 tables 7 can be merged into 64 bits), in 6 tables 16
Hold (4 brightness and two colorations) and 96 21 contents of table (every 4 tables 21 can be merged into 64 bits) need 233 altogether
, 113 × 64 bits (Liang≤113 non-residual error syntactic element Shuo Ju × 64 bits)；Under inter-frame forecast mode, at most need to make
With 11 content of table, 12 content of table, 13 content of table, 64 5 contents of table, 64 6 contents of table, 64 7 content of table (every 4
Table 7 can be merged into 64 bits), 6 16 contents of table (4 brightness and two colorations) and 96 21 content of table (every 4 tables
21 can be merged into 64 bits) 297 are needed altogether, 177 × 64 bits；The code tree that a size is 64 × 64 thus is single
The data volume of the non-residual error syntactic element of member is up to 177 × 64 bits (Liang≤177 non-residual error syntactic element Shuo Ju × 64 ratios
It is special).
The syntactic element arrangement of 1~table of table 17 of the present invention is completed on the basis of combining all syntactic element coded sequences
, this scheme has taken into account other correlation modules write-in language while fully considering data volume required for compression characterization syntactic element
Method element and entropy code module read simple enough when syntactic element.Mostly H.265 in encoding scheme, encoder is used
Coding tree unit grade flowing water, at this point, storage syntactic element device can should at least cache all languages an of coding tree unit
Method element can guarantee that assembly line smoothly executes.In actual coding scene, an occupied data volume of coding tree unit
The bit of generally much less than 384 × 256+177 × 64, thus, it is believed that under normal circumstances, use the memory of 384 × 256 bits
Multiple coding tree units can be buffered to store residual error data, store non-residual error data using the memory of 177 × 64 bits
Syntactic element packet.
In application entropy coding system of the invention, residual error data and non-residual error data can also be reduced by some means
Maximum amount of data come compress storage syntactic element device memory overhead, such as:
1) size that coding tree unit is arranged is up to 32 × 32, and the maximum amount of data of residual error data becomes 32 × 32 ×
The bit of 1.5 × 16/256 × 256=96 × 256, rather than the maximum amount of data of residual error data becomes 48 × 64 bits, then memory is opened
Pin is approximately equal to the 1/4 of afore-mentioned code tree cell level flowing water；Or
2) in the flowing water of encoder, if entropy coding does not individually occupy level-one flowing water and exports syntactic elements to language with other
The module of method element storage device shares level-one flowing water, then can use storage syntactic element device when a caching, tie simultaneously
Encoder code capacity, the characteristic of support and some strategies of model selection are closed to determine residual error data and non-residual error data most
Big data quantity.
The entropy coding control device 2 is used to read syntactic element out of syntactic element storage device, control encodes process,
Adjacent block message, and the description saved according to H.265 201304 editions 7.3.8 of official standard are managed, initiates various grammers in order
The binaryzation of element instructs.
In entropy coding system of the present invention, portion syntax elements can be completed directly by the entropy coding control device 2, example
Such as: 1) using Fixed-length (FL) binarization (fixed length binaryzation) carry out binaryzation cu_skip_flag,
Pred_mode_flag, pcm_flag etc.；And 2) some it must individually complete binaryzation, such as part_mode, intra_
Chroma_pred_mode and inter_pred_idc etc..Others need to be implemented the syntactic element of complicated binarization operation
Then individually handled in binaryzation device 3.
In addition, in response to practical application scene demand and convenience, similar to the processing method of residual error syntactic element to be encoded, portion
Divide non-residual error syntactic element to be encoded also not obtain from institute's syntax elements storage device 1 directly, but is controlled in entropy coding
2 internal calculation of device obtains, such as prev_intra_luma_pred_flag, mpm_idx, rem_intra_luma_pred_
Mode and intra_chroma_pred_mode, four kinds of syntactic elements to be encoded are by from institute's syntax elements storage device
The intra_pred_mode_y and intra_pred_mode_c stored in 1, which is calculated, to be obtained；It is because of entropy coding control device 2
When calculating residual error scan pattern, the intra prediction mode using brightness is needed, if syntactic element storage device 1 directly stores
Four kinds of syntactic elements to be encoded, entropy coding control device 2 need to restore all intra prediction modes；Therefore in view of calculating
Process is still not counting complexity, influences less, directly to obtain from syntactic element storage device 1 on 2 throughput of entropy coding control device
Intra prediction mode is also beneficial to the maintenance of the prediction mode of adjacent encoder unit, and can be further simplified and be responsible for write-in described four
The computational complexity of kind syntactic element module to be encoded, enables four kinds of syntactic elements to be encoded be counted by entropy coding control device 2
It calculates and obtains.
Wherein, in the non-residual error syntactic element storage strategy in preceding syntax elements storage device 1, in order to utmostly
4 tables 7 or 4 tables 21 are merged into 64 bits by ground compression hardware expense, will lead to when carrying out syntactic element reading
Need first to determine that with the presence or absence of table 7 or table 21, therefore, tt_flag is added in table 1 to characterize in each 16 × 16 data block
16 × 16 pieces of each of coding tree unit no there are transform_tree (), and rf_y_flag is added to characterize code tree
16 × 16 pieces of the brightness of each of unit whether there is residual coding, and rf_cb_flag is added to characterize in coding tree unit
16 × 16 pieces of each Cb coloration whether there is residual coding, and rf_cr_flag is added to characterize each of coding tree unit
16 × 16 pieces of Cr coloration whether there is residual coding.
The binaryzation device 3 is used to receive the binaryzation instruction that entropy coding control device 2 is sent, according to H.265 official
All syntactic elements to be encoded are carried out binaryzation, determine the mode of corresponding all Bin by 201304 editions 9.3.3 sections of square standard
The length of (Regular or Bypass), Bin value, the context address of Regular Bin or Bypass Bin, by aforementioned information
It is packaged into instruction and is sent to the coded command array device 4.Specifically, the binaryzation device 3 receives the entropy coding control
After the binaryzation instruction of device 2 processed, corresponding binarization operation is executed to corresponding syntactic element, mainly includes
Truncated Rice (TR) binarization (truncation this binaryzation of Lay), k-th order Exp-Golomb (EGk)
Various more general binarization operations such as binarization (K rank Exp-Golomb binaryzation) and some other more complex
The syntactic element for needing individually to handle binarization operation.
The coded command array device 4 is used to cache the coded command that the binaryzation device 3 issues, matching described two
Value device 3 and the coding rate based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6.Specifically, volume of the invention
Code instruction array device 4 is mainly used for caching the coded command that entropy coding control device 2 and binarization device 3 are sent, and uses
Fail smoothly to send to avoid the packed code stream in 7 inside of code stream packing apparatus, code stream caching is caused to fill up and cannot connect
The arithmetic coding code stream sent based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6 is received, and then leads to previous stage
Coding-control device must also stop being encoded；Also that is, by binaryzation device 3 and context management and maintenance device 5
Between be arranged coded command array device 4, can code stream export be obstructed when, the space of buffer-stored be provided, previous stage is made
The insusceptibly normal operation of coding-control device.
It is worth noting that, when the context management is drawn with maintenance device 5 and based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding
When one Regular Bin coding of a cycle completion can be reached by holding up the speed of 6 process instruction of device, considering to avoid code stream defeated
When the case where being obstructed out, it is compared to be arranged in entropy coding system coded command array device 4 to cache coded command, Yi Ji
Increase two, bit stream buffer space scheme, when the cost of the latter is smaller, the coded command team in the stream code packing apparatus 7
Array apparatus 4 can be deleted from entropy coding system of the present invention, and changed and provided caching by the bit stream buffer space of the increase
Function, to remain to normal operation when ensuring that the output of previous stage coding-control device code stream is obstructed.Wherein, due to the bit stream buffer
It is easy to cause coding to block when space is too small, then be easy to cause area loss greatly very much, therefore, the storage in the bit stream buffer space
Specifically visually actual use demand is adjusted range of capacity；Hereby illustrate for an embodiment in the present invention, for example, 2~3 total
Line Burst data space, i.e. code stream use Burst Size for 8, and bus is that the write operation of 32 bits exports, then buffering is arranged
Space is 2 × 8 × 32~3 × 8 × 32=16 × 32Bit~24 × 32Bit.
In addition, when the context management and maintenance device 5 and the context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine that is based on fill
When a cycle completion multiple Regular Bin coding can be reached by setting the speed of 6 process instructions, as needed for binaryzation device 3
Syntactic element to be processed is many kinds of, and binaryzation type is different, and the coded command speed of generation is often uneven
, and the coded command array device 4 is needed to match the coding rate of the binaryzation device 3 and post-module (up and down
Text management with maintenance device 5, be based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6) coding rate, in this case, institute
The importance for stating coded command array device 4 will be quite obvious.
The context management and maintenance device 5 in each core for safeguarding a set of context, in coding
Context is constantly read and updated in the process, and the arithmetic coding instruction that the coded command array device 4 is sent is turned over
The instruction that can be understood based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6 is translated into carry out arithmetic coding, and then is exported
Corresponding arithmetic coding code stream.Specifically, it is 155 × 7 bits that the context management and maintenance device 5, which include a size,
Two-port RAM (random access memory cell in piece) is for storing context.Wherein, the context management and maintenance fill
5 are set under most coding modes, it is only necessary to before starting slice coding (band coding), store from the context initial value
Device 9 obtains initial value；But at wavefront coded mode (Wavefront parallel processing, WPP), it is described on
It hereafter manages with maintenance device 5 before the coding of starting a line coding tree unit, it is necessary to first from the context of the core outer mold piece B
Initial value storage device 9 obtains initial value, and in the cataloged procedure for executing the first two coding tree unit, after needing to update
Context be output in the context initial value storage device 9.
In addition, normally coding flowing water in, if currently execute Regular Bin coding, the context management with
Maintenance device 5 read the content of current context address, be output to it is described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine
Device 6 and the content for updating the context address；If currently executing Bypass Bin coding, the context management and maintenance
Device 5 directly the instruction is output to it is described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6, do not need to do it is any up and down
The update of literary content.
It is described to be used to receive the context management and maintenance device based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6
The 5 arithmetic coding instructions sent, it is described that shape inside an arithmetic coding is had based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6
State register 61, it is described to be instructed described in update based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6 according to the arithmetic coding
Arithmetic coding internal status register 61, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream.Specifically, described to be based on context-adaptive
Arithmetic coding engine apparatus 6 includes the coding to Regular Bin, BypassBin and Terminate Bin, the internal shape
State register 61 follows the arithmetic coding instruction to be updated, and finally exports arithmetic coding code stream, compiles completing a band
An end-of-encode is returned when code to instruct to the context management and maintenance device 5.
The stream code packing apparatus 7 be used to receive the head information code current that the peripheral control unit 10 configures and it is described based on
The hereafter arithmetic coding code stream that adaptive arithmetic code engine apparatus 6 exports is spliced into complete final code stream output.
The context initialization control device 8 includes three kinds of different CABAC required for CABAC coding engine initializes
Whole parameters of initialization type are generated in conjunction with the slice_qp (band quantization parameter) that the peripheral control unit 10 configures
The context initialization data of CABAC coding engine；It comprising a size is 465 in the context initialization control device 8
The ROM (read-only memory in piece) of × 8 bits is used for storing initial parameter.Specifically, it is encoded in the new slice of starting
Before first to start the context initialization control device 8, enable the context initialization control device 8 single from ROM code tree
Initiation parameter is read in member, in conjunction with the slice_qp (band quantization parameter) that the peripheral control unit 10 configures, is calculated
Hereafter initialization data and it is output to the context initial value storage device 9.
The context initial value storage device 9 is used to store the CABAC coding engine of all coding cores in encoder
Required context when initialization；The context initial value storage device 9 include single port RAM (in piece with
Machine accesses storage unit), depth 155, data bit width is 7 bits.Specifically, in the context initialization control device 8
Initiation parameter or any one core is exported (to encode at this time under WPP mode, to execute the first two when exporting context
Updating context operation when setting unit) data are stored in the storage unit of the context initial value storage device 9.
Therefore by aforementioned the present invention is based on video compression coding standard entropy coding system H.265 and its coding method,
It is realized using 55nm technique, composite clock frequency can achieve 250MHz, and area is about 8.6 ten thousand.In the different code of code rate
Under rate, the performance for the entropy coding that the embodiment of the present invention obtains is as follows:
1~table of table, the 23 syntactic element table that the whole present invention that converges below uses.
1 slice_segment_data () of table and the list of coding_quadtree () layer syntactic element
Table 2 sao () layer brightness relevant syntax elements list
EO the and BO mode for infusing 1:SAO is mutual exclusion, and 27:26 can be multiplexed thus
Table 3 sao () layer coloration relevant syntax elements list
EO the and BO mode for infusing 1:SAO is mutual exclusion, and 27:26 can be multiplexed thus
Coding_unit () layer syntactic element list under 4 intra prediction mode of table
Coding_unit (), prediction_unit () and mvd_coding () layer L0 under 5 inter-frame forecast mode of table
Relevant syntax elements list
Note 1: only when [13] are equal to 1, [16:14] just characterizes merge_idx
Coding_unit (), prediction_unit () and mvd_coding () layer L1 under 6 inter-frame forecast mode of table
Relevant syntax elements list
Note 1: only when [13] are equal to 1, [16:14] just characterizes merge_idx
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer syntactic element when 7 coding unit size of table is 8 × 8
List
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 5:0 | cu_qp_delta_abs | QpDelta absolute value |
| 6 | cu_qp_delta_sign_flag | QpDelta symbol |
| 11:8 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 4 × 4 transform blocks |
| 12 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 13 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 14 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 15 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer member when 8 coding unit size of table is 16 × 16
Plain list
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer member when 9 coding unit size of table is 32 × 32
Plain list one
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 4:0 | cu_qp_delta_abs | QpDelta absolute value |
| 5 | cu_qp_delta_sign_flag | QpDelta symbol |
| 12 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 13 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 14 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 15 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 19:16 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 23:20 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 27:24 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 31:28 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer when 10 coding unit size of table is 32 × 32
Element list two
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 15:0 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 31:16 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 47:32 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 63:48 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer when 11 coding unit size of table is 32 × 32
Element list three
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 4 × 4 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer when 12 coding unit size of table is 64 × 64
Element list one
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 4:0 | cu_qp_delta_abs | QpDelta absolute value |
| 5 | cu_qp_delta_sign_flag | QpDelta symbol |
| 12 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 13 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 14 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 15 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 64 × 64 transform blocks |
| 19:16 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 23:20 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 27:24 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
| 31:28 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 32 × 32 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer when 13 coding unit size of table is 64 × 64
Element list two
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 15:0 | split_transform_flag | The split_transform_flag of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 31:16 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 47:32 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cb of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
| 63:48 | cbf_cr | The cbf_cr of 16 × 16 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer when 14 coding unit size of table is 64 × 64
Element list three
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 15:0 | split_transform_flag | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 31:16 | cbf_luma | The cbf_cb of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 47:32 | cbf_cb | The cbf_cr of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
| 63:48 | cbf_cr | The cbf_luma of 8 × 8 transform blocks |
Transform_unit () and transform_tree () layer grammer when 15 coding unit size of table is 64 × 64
Element list four
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | cbf_luma | The cbf_luma of 4 × 4 transform blocks |
16 32 × 32 pieces of table residual_coding () layer syntactic element
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | transform_skip_flag | Whether 4 × 4 transformation sub-blocks execute DCT/DST change flag |
Residual_coding () layer syntactic element list one when the size of 17 Current Transform block of table is 32 × 32
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 3:0 | last_sig_coeff_x_prefix | The last one nonzero coefficient X-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 6:4 | last_sig_coeff_x_suffix | The last one nonzero coefficient X-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 11:8 | last_sig_coeff_y_prefix | The last one nonzero coefficient Y-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 14:12 | last_sig_coeff_y_suffix | The last one nonzero coefficient Y-coordinate suffix value of current block |
Residual_coding () layer syntactic element list two when the size of 18 Current Transform block of table is 32 × 32
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 63:0 | sub_block_flag | Whether 4 × 4 transformation sub-blocks are full 0 mark |
Residual_coding () layer syntactic element list when the size of 19 Current Transform block of table is 16 × 16
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 2:0 | last_sig_coeff_x_prefix | The last one nonzero coefficient X-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 4:3 | last_sig_coeff_x_suffix | The last one nonzero coefficient X-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 10:8 | last_sig_coeff_y_prefix | The last one nonzero coefficient Y-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 12:11 | last_sig_coeff_y_suffix | The last one nonzero coefficient Y-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 47:32 | sub_block_flag | Whether 4 × 4 transformation sub-blocks are full 0 mark |
Residual_coding () layer syntactic element list when the size of 20 Current Transform block of table is less than 16X16
Residual_coding_8x8_se_x content when the size of 21 Current Transform block of table is 8X8 in table 20
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 2:0 | last_sig_coeff_x_prefix | The last one nonzero coefficient X-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 3 | last_sig_coeff_x_suffix | The last one nonzero coefficient X-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 6:4 | last_sig_coeff_y_prefix | The last one nonzero coefficient Y-coordinate prefix value of current block |
| 7 | last_sig_coeff_y_suffix | The last one nonzero coefficient Y-coordinate suffix value of current block |
| 11:8 | sub_block_flag | Whether 4 × 4 transformation sub-blocks are full 0 mark |
Residual_coding_8x8_se_x content when the size of 22 Current Transform block of table is less than 8 × 8 in table 20
| Field | Title | Explanation |
| 3:0 | residual_coding_4x4_se_0 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 0 |
| 7:4 | residual_coding_4x4_se_1 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 1 |
| 11:8 | residual_coding_4x4_se_2 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 2 |
| 15:12 | residual_coding_4x4_se_3 | The residual error syntactic element of 4 × 4 sub-blocks 3 |
Residual_coding_4x4_se_x content when the size of 23 Current Transform block of table is 4 × 4 in table 22
It is described the invention in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, table and embodiment, those skilled in the art
Many variations example can be made to the present invention according to the above description.Thus, certain details in embodiment should not be constituted to the present invention
Restriction, the present invention will be using the range that the appended claims define as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of entropy coding system based on video compression coding standard H.265, including core outer mold piece and multiple core internal modules, institute
Core outer mold piece is stated for initializing context, the core outer mold piece includes context initialization control device and context initial value
Storage device；It is characterized in that, the core internal module includes:
Syntactic element storage device, for storing syntactic element to be encoded, institute's syntax elements include non-residual error syntactic element and
Residual error syntactic element；
Entropy coding control device, for reading syntactic element, control coding process, pipe inside institute's syntax elements storage device
It manages adjacent block message and sends binaryzation instruction；
Binaryzation device, the binaryzation for receiving and according to entropy coding control device output are instructed to the language to be encoded
Method element carries out binaryzation, to form coded command output；
Context management and maintenance device carry out context initialization by the core outer mold piece, and in an encoding process
It is lasting to read and update context, it is received and translated into the coded command and forms arithmetic coding instruction；
Based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, for receiving and being sent out according to the context management and maintenance device
The arithmetic coding instruction sent carries out arithmetic coding, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream；
Code packing apparatus is flowed, the head information code current and the context-adaptive that is based on for receiving peripheral control unit configuration are calculated
Art encodes the arithmetic coding code stream of engine apparatus output, the head information code current and the arithmetic coding code stream and is packaged by stream code
Device is spliced to form a final code stream output.
2. the entropy coding system according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard H.265, it is characterised in that:
Institute's syntax elements storage device has residual error grammer storage unit and non-residual error grammer storage unit；
The residual error syntactic element is encoded by H.265 entropy coding with 4 × 4 pieces for unit, enable possess nonzero coefficient 4 ×
4 raw residual data are stored in the residual error grammer storage unit according to coded sequence；The data volume of the residual error syntactic element
≤ 384 × 256 bits；
The non-residual error syntactic element is stored in the non-residual error grammer storage unit according to the coded sequence of H.265 standard；Institute
State Shuo Ju Liang≤113 × 64 bits of the non-residual error syntactic element under intra prediction mode, the data under inter-frame forecast mode
Liang≤177 × 64 bits.
3. the entropy coding system according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard H.265, it is characterised in that:
There is coded command array device connection, institute between the binaryzation device and the context management and maintenance device
Coded command array device is stated for receiving and caching the coded command of the binaryzation device output and export to described upper and lower
Text management and maintenance device, and/or drawn with described based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding for matching the binaryzation device
Hold up the coding rate of device.
4. the entropy coding system according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard H.265, it is characterised in that: institute
The bit stream buffer space for stating stream code packing apparatus is 16 × 32~24 × 32 bits.
5. the entropy coding system according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard H.265, it is characterised in that:
The context management and maintenance device include a two-port RAM with 155 × 7 bits, for storing in context
Hold；
The context management and maintenance device are stored before trip bar band coding from the context initial value of the core outer mold piece
Device obtains initial value；
The context management and maintenance device are in wavefront coded mode, before the coding of starting a line coding tree unit, first
Initial value is obtained from the context initial value storage device of the core outer mold piece, and in the volume for executing the first two coding tree unit
During code, updated context is output in the context initial value storage device；
The context management and maintenance device are executing normal binary string encoding and bypass binary-coded character string encoding
When, for reading the content of current context address, the content of the current context address is output to described based on up and down
Literary adaptive arithmetic code engine apparatus, and further update is described contextually when executing normal binary string encoding
The content of location.
6. the entropy coding system according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard H.265, it is characterised in that:
It is described that an arithmetic coding internal status register is had based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus, it is described to be based on
Context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus updates the arithmetic coding internal state deposit according to arithmetic coding instruction
Device, to export corresponding arithmetic coding code stream；It is described that an item is completed based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding engine apparatus
An end-of-encode is returned to when band coding to instruct to the context management and maintenance device.
7. the entropy coding system according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard H.265, it is characterised in that:
The context initialization control device, three kinds of different CABAC required for initializing comprising CABAC coding engine are initial
Change whole parameters of type, the band quantization parameter (slice_qp) for configuring in conjunction with the peripheral control unit generates CABAC
Encode the context initialization data of engine；Include the ROM of one 465 × 8 bits in the context initialization control device, uses
In the storage context initialization data；
The context initial value storage device, for storing the CABAC coding engine of all coding cores in encoder initial
Required context when change；The context initial value storage device is 155 comprising a depth and data bit width is 7 ratios
Special single port RAM.
8. the entropy coding system according to claim 1 based on video compression coding standard H.265, it is characterised in that:
The coded command information of the binaryzation device output includes all binary words of the corresponding syntactic element to be encoded
Accord with pattern information, binary value information, the context address information of normal binary character string and/or the bypass binary word of string
Accord with string length information；Those information form the coded command information output after being packaged.
9. a kind of entropy coding method based on video compression coding standard H.265, which is characterized in that the method step includes:
1) residual error syntactic element and non-residual error syntactic element are stored separately；Use no more than the memory storage of 384 × 256 bits
Residual error data, the memory for using no more than 177 × 64 bits store non-residual error data；
2) according to H.265 standard, the binaryzation instruction of various syntactic elements is initiated in order；
3) it is instructed according to the binaryzation and corresponding syntactic element is executed into corresponding binarization operation；
4) caching step 2) and step 3) formed coded command, match prime module and post-module coding rate；
5) a set of context is safeguarded in each coding core, persistently read the context in an encoding process,
And store and/or update the context；
6) it is encoded according to the context, to form the output of arithmetic coding code stream；
7) head information code current and the arithmetic coding code stream final code stream is spliced to form to export；
Wherein, the system for executing the entropy coding method based on video compression coding standard H.265, is by encoder core internal model
Block and encoder core outer mold piece two parts composition；The core internal module includes: syntactic element storage device, entropy coding control dress
Set, binaryzation device, coded command array device, context management and maintenance device, based on context-adaptive arithmetic coding
Engine apparatus；The core outer mold piece includes: context initialization control device and context initial value storage device；Realize that entropy is compiled
When code system, each core needs a set of core internal module, and entire encoder only needs a set of core outer mold piece；It is compiled in trip bar band
Before code, the context initialization control device outside core is first sent instructions to by peripheral control unit, at the beginning of completing the context outside core
The initialization operation of storage unit in initial value storage device, before starting each core internal module and carrying out the coding of each row respectively,
The context management and maintenance device of core internal module are first sent instructions to by peripheral control unit, complete context management and maintenance fills
The initialization operation of storage unit in setting restarts the coding work that each core internal module executes current line later.
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