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CN106329950B - 模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法及故障隔离方法 - Google Patents

模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法及故障隔离方法 Download PDF

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CN106329950B
CN106329950B CN201510379627.7A CN201510379627A CN106329950B CN 106329950 B CN106329950 B CN 106329950B CN 201510379627 A CN201510379627 A CN 201510379627A CN 106329950 B CN106329950 B CN 106329950B
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power semiconductor
semiconductor switch
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CN106329950A (zh
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谢晔源
曹冬明
姜田贵
朱铭炼
殷冠贤
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
Changzhou NR Electric Power Electronics Co Ltd
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NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/579,935 priority patent/US10224833B2/en
Priority to AU2016286709A priority patent/AU2016286709B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/089945 priority patent/WO2017000924A1/zh
Priority to RU2017143387A priority patent/RU2676226C1/ru
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/125—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M3/135—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/137—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/125—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M3/135—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/137—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/139—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本发明公开一种模块多电平换流器调制方法，包括第一模式和第二模式；第一模式和第二模式循环进行；第一模式，第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关交替导通；同时第三功率半导体开关常态截止，第四功率半导体开关常态导通；第二模式，第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关在交替导通；同时第一功率半导体开关常态导通，第四功率半导体开关常态截止。本发明还公开了一种子模块单元故障隔离方法。本发明的功率半导体开关结温均衡，增加了换流器运行安全裕度，在不增加工程成本的前提下，可有效提升换流器的容量，在经济性和技术性上均有较好表现。

Description

模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法及故障隔离方法
技术领域
本发明属于柔性直流输电领域，特别涉及一种模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法及故障隔离方法。
背景技术
模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter，MMC)的出现使多电平换流器在柔性直流输电领域也得到了成功的应用。模块化多电平换流器的换流器采用模块化设计，由若干个结构完全相同的基本单元模块串联构成，每一个模块称为换流器模块单元，通过增加换流器中的串联模块个数和电流水平，可以应用于不同的电压及功率等级场合。
然而传统的半桥模块单元存在无法有效处理直流故障的固有缺陷，而能抑制直流故障电流的全桥模块也有着损耗大，造价高的问题。因此，如何优化模块化多电平换流器的性能，成为解决直流联网技术的发展的关键技术因素。
鉴于以上分析，本发明人对模块化多电平换流器的驱动信号调制方法进行研究改进，本案由此产生。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于提供一种模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法及故障隔离方法。模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法可降低换流器中功率半导体开关的热应力，提升换流器的容量，克服全桥子模块的不足，在经济性和技术性上均有较好表现。本子模块单元故障隔离方法可以灵活的选择驱动调制方法，将故障开关管有效隔离，不影响系统的运行，还降低了子模块单元的故障率，整个系统的可用率得到提高。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法，所述模块化多电平换流器包括至少一个桥臂，所述桥臂包括至少一个全桥子模块单元；所述全桥子模块单元包括第一功率半导体开关、第二功率半导体开关、第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关；其特征在于：
包括第一模式和第二模式；首先进入第一模式，然后进入第二模式，在进入第一模式，依此循环；或者首先进入第二模式，然后进入第一模式，再进入第二模式，依此循环；
在第一模式中，对所述第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关施加交替驱动信号，使第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关在同一时序内交替导通；同时对第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关施加互补驱动信号，使第三功率半导体开关常态截止，第四功率半导体开关常态导通；
在第二模式中，对所述第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关施加交替驱动信号，使第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关在同一时序内交替导通；同时对第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关施加互补驱动信号，使第一功率半导体开关常态导通，第四功率半导体开关常态截止。
进一步的，所述第一功率半导体开关包括开关管T1及与开关管T1反向并联的续流二极管D1；第二功率半导体开关包括开关管T2及与开关管T2反向并联的续流二极管D2；第三功率半导体开关包括开关管T3及与开关管T3反向并联的续流二极管D3；和第四功率半导体开关包括开关管T4及与开关管T4反向并联的续流二极管D4；
进一步的，开关管T1、开关管T2、开关管T3和开关管T4均采用IGBT、IGCT、GTO或MOSFET。
进一步的，包括以下步骤：
1)第一模式的电容放电状态：开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1、T4导通，储能元件C1放电；
2)第一模式的正向旁路状态：开关管T2和T4加开通信号，开关管T1和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，续流二极管D2和开关管T4导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；
3)第一模式的电容放电状态：开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1、D4导通，储能元件C1充电；
4)第一模式的负向旁路状态：开关管T2和T4加开通信号，开关管T1和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，开关管T2和续流二极管D4导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；
5)第二模式的电容放电状态，开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1、T4导通，储能元件C1放电；
6)第二模式的正向旁路状态，开关管T1和T3加开通信号，开关管T2和T4加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1和续流二极管D3导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；
7)第二模式的电容放电状态，开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1、D4导通，储能元件C1充电；
8)第二模式的负向旁路状态，开关管T1和T3加开通信号，开关管T2和T4加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1和开关管T3导通，全桥子模块单元旁路。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采取的另一技术方案为：子模块单元故障隔离方法，所述子模块单元为全桥子模块单元，其特征在于：当采用上述的模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法进行调制时，如果全桥子模块单元中第二功率半导体开关或第三功率半导体开关发生故障，或者如果第二功率半导体开关或第三功率半导体开关的驱动电路发生故障，通过改变驱动信号调制方式，将故障的功率半导体开关隔离，而全桥子模块单元不退出运行。
本发明通过驱动信号的调制，使子模块中各个功率半导体开关的热应力得到平衡，从而提升换流器容量；通过两个阶段模式的驱动信号轮换，改变了开关管及其反并联二极管的电流应力；开关管及其反并联二极管的损耗更加均匀，功率半导体开关的结温得到降低，运行安全裕度更大；通过降低功率半导体开关的结温，可以使换流器的容量得到提升。
本发明在第一模式或是第二模式中，全桥子模块单元均有一个开关管处于闭锁状态，因此可以在检测到任意一个开关管故障时，可以选择阶段1阶段2中的一种状态进行工作，将故障开关管设置为闭锁状态，其余3个开关管仍然正常工作，全桥子模块单元不被旁路。当任意一只开关管或者其驱动电路发生故障时，可以灵活的选择驱动调制方法，将故障开关管有效隔离，不影响系统的运行；全桥子模块单元可以允许一只开关管或者驱动电路的故障而不至于旁路，降低了子模块单元的故障率；整个系统的可用率得到提高。
总之，与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：使子模块单元中各个功率半导体开关的热应力得到平衡，从而提升换流器容量，降低了换流器的单位容量造价；可以在不增加投资的条件下，提高子模块单元的安全裕度，提高了系统的可靠性；可以容忍全桥子模块单元中任意一只IGBT故障而正常工作，降低了全桥子模块单元旁路的风险，提高了系统的可用率。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种模块化多电平换流器的拓扑结构。
图2是本发明阶段1时全桥子模块单元的各个工况示意图，其中：
(a)正向电流放电回路；
(b)正向电流旁路回路；
(c)负向电流充电回路；
(d)负向电流旁路回路。
图3是本发明阶段2时全桥子模块单元的各个工况示意图，其中：
(a)正向电流放电回路；
(b)正向电流旁路回路；
(c)负向电流充电回路；
(d)负向电流旁路回路。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
参见图1、图2和图3，本模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法，所述模块化多电平换流器包括至少一个桥臂，本实施例中包括6个桥臂；所述桥臂包括至少一个全桥子模块单元；所述全桥子模块单元包括第一功率半导体开关、第二功率半导体开关、第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关；包括第一模式和第二模式；首先进入第一模式，然后进入第二模式，在进入第一模式，依此循环；或者首先进入第二模式，然后进入第一模式，再进入第二模式，依此循环；
在第一模式中，对所述第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关施加交替驱动信号，使第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关在同一时序内交替导通；同时对第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关施加互补驱动信号，使第三功率半导体开关常态截止，第四功率半导体开关常态导通；
在第二模式中，对所述第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关施加交替驱动信号，使第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关在同一时序内交替导通；同时对第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关施加互补驱动信号，使第一功率半导体开关常态导通，第四功率半导体开关常态截止。
作为优选方案，所述第一功率半导体开关包括开关管T1及与开关管T1反向并联的续流二极管D1；第二功率半导体开关包括开关管T2及与开关管T2反向并联的续流二极管D2；第三功率半导体开关包括开关管T3及与开关管T3反向并联的续流二极管D3；和第四功率半导体开关包括开关管T4及与开关管T4反向并联的续流二极管D4；开关管T1、开关管T2、开关管T3和开关管T4均采用IGBT、IGCT、GTO或MOSFET。
更进一步的，本模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法包括以下步骤：
1)第一模式的电容放电状态：开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1、T4导通，储能元件C1放电；如图2a所示；
2)第一模式的正向旁路状态：开关管T2和T4加开通信号，开关管T1和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，续流二极管D2和开关管T4导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；如图2b所示；
3)第一模式的电容放电状态：开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1、D4导通，储能元件C1充电；如图2c所示；
4)第一模式的负向旁路状态：开关管T2和T4加开通信号，开关管T1和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，开关管T2和续流二极管D4导通，全桥子模块单元旁路)；如图2d所示；
5)第二模式的电容放电状态，开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1、T4导通，储能元件C1放电；如图3a所示；
6)第二模式的正向旁路状态，开关管T1和T3加开通信号，开关管T2和T4加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1和续流二极管D3导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；如图3b所示；
7)第二模式的电容放电状态，开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1、D4导通，储能元件C1充电；；如图3c所示；
8)第二模式的负向旁路状态，开关管T1和T3加开通信号，开关管T2和T4加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1和开关管T3导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；如图3d所示；。
实施例2：
本子模块单元故障隔离方法，所述子模块单元为全桥子模块单元，当采用实施例1中的模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法进行调制时，如果全桥子模块单元中第二功率半导体开关发生故障，或者如果第二功率半导体开关的驱动电路发生故障，通过改变驱动信号调制方式，将故障的第二功率半导体开关隔离，而全桥子模块单元不退出运行，全桥子模块单元工作在第二模式，如图3所示。
实施例3：
本子模块单元故障隔离方法，所述子模块单元为全桥子模块单元，当采用实施例1所述的模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法进行调制时，如果全桥子模块单元中第三功率半导体开关发生故障，或者如果第三功率半导体开关的驱动电路发生故障，通过改变驱动信号调制方式，将故障的第三功率半导体开关隔离，而全桥子模块单元不退出运行，全桥子模块单元工作在第一模式，如图2所示。

Claims (5)

1.一种模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法，所述模块化多电平换流器包括至少一个桥臂，所述桥臂包括至少一个全桥子模块单元；所述全桥子模块单元包括第一功率半导体开关、第二功率半导体开关、第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关；其特征在于：
包括第一模式和第二模式；
首先进入第一模式，然后进入第二模式，再进入第一模式，依此循环；
或者首先进入第二模式，然后进入第一模式，再进入第二模式，依此循环；
在第一模式中，对所述第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关施加交替驱动信号，使第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关在同一时序内交替导通；同时对第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关施加互补驱动信号，使第三功率半导体开关常态截止，第四功率半导体开关常态导通；
在第二模式中，对所述第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关施加交替驱动信号，使第三功率半导体开关和第四功率半导体开关在同一时序内交替导通；同时对第一功率半导体开关和第二功率半导体开关施加互补驱动信号，使第一功率半导体开关常态导通，第二功率半导体开关常态截止。
2.如权利要求1所述的模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法，其特征在于：所述第一功率半导体开关包括开关管T1及与开关管T1反向并联的续流二极管D1；第二功率半导体开关包括开关管T2及与开关管T2反向并联的续流二极管D2；第三功率半导体开关包括开关管T3及与开关管T3反向并联的续流二极管D3；和第四功率半导体开关包括开关管T4及与开关管T4反向并联的续流二极管D4。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法，其特征在于开关管T1、开关管T2、开关管T3和开关管T4均采用IGBT、IGCT、GTO或MOSFET。
4.如权利要求2所述的模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1)第一模式的电容放电状态：开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1、T4导通，储能元件C1放电；
2)第一模式的正向旁路状态：开关管T2和T4加开通信号，开关管T1和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，续流二极管D2和开关管T4导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；
3)第一模式的电容充电状态：开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1、D4导通，储能元件C1充电；
4)第一模式的负向旁路状态：开关管T2和T4加开通信号，开关管T1和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，开关管T2和续流二极管D4导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；
5)第二模式的电容放电状态，开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1、T4导通，储能元件C1放电；
6)第二模式的正向旁路状态，开关管T1和T3加开通信号，开关管T2和T4加关断信号，在正向电流下，开关管T1和续流二极管D3导通，全桥子模块单元旁路；
7)第二模式的电容充电状态，开关管T1和T4加开通信号，开关管T2和T3加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1、D4导通，储能元件C1充电；
8)第二模式的负向旁路状态，开关管T1和T3加开通信号，开关管T2和T4加关断信号，在负向电流下，续流二极管D1和开关管T3导通，全桥子模块单元旁路。
5.一种子模块单元故障隔离方法，所述子模块单元为全桥子模块单元，其特征在于：当采用权利要求1-4中任一项所述的模块化多电平换流器驱动信号调制方法进行调制时，如果全桥子模块单元中第二功率半导体开关或第三功率半导体开关发生故障，或者如果第二功率半导体开关或第三功率半导体开关的驱动电路发生故障，通过改变驱动信号调制方式，将故障的功率半导体开关隔离，而全桥子模块单元不退出运行。
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