CN106324010A - 使用mr设备对在管道中流动的流体的分析 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于测量和监测流经管道的流体的物理或化学性质变化的方法,包括步骤:使流经管道的流体进入磁共振成像设备(MRD);在管道中定义感兴趣的区域(ROI);在具有p个切片的ROI内限定c个坐标,c和p是整数,每个大于等于1;沿至少一个坐标在至少一个切片中获得所述流体的至少一个物理或化学性质的数据库对ROI内的流体进行MR成像,以提供至少一个图像,该图像沿坐标ci具有p个切片,包括切片Pi ci;从所述图像确定所述流体沿至少一个坐标ci、在至少一个切片Pi ci中的至少一个物理或化学性质比较在至少一个切片p中的、在相同的预定义坐标ci中的与从而确定性质差其中代表与流体的预先确定的标准的偏差,该预先确定的标准由管道内预定义的坐标来指示;如果
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及利用MR设备测量并监测在管道中流动的流体的物理或化学性质的装置、系统和方法。
背景技术
复杂流体通常由若干非均匀地混合的成分组成。这些流体在宏观尺度通常是均匀的而在微观尺度是无序的,且具有介观长度尺度的结构,其在确定通常相当难分析的流体性质中发挥关键作用。复杂流体流动行为的测量和分析对物质的物理和化学性质提供有价值的见解。流体流动分析已成为控制和优化工业过程(比如,探索油田钻井、流体输送,和食品生产)的重要手段;也为各种疾病提供了诊断工具,比如,心血管疾病和多发性硬化。
因为核磁共振(NMR)成像是高度敏感的、非侵入性的,且可以量化大范围的物理和化学性质,所以其在流体分析中有广泛的应用。一些非常有效的分析应用程序是基于脉冲场梯度自旋回波(PGSE)和信号成像实验的组合。这些应用依赖于不同的流态,包括层流、湍流,和层流-湍流混合流条件下收集的流体数据。
核磁共振和磁共振成像(MRI)最近已被确认为产品和工艺研发的重要技术,这已在近年来不同领域的若干成功应用中得以证实。例如,在石油工业中,钻井液的流变和组成性质为工艺控制提供必要的信息。该信息通常导致钻井液的成分或钻井参数、比如钻井速度和钻压的实时的过程变化。基于油田钻井操作的性质,此类控制决策可能带来数千万美元的经济结果。
几乎没有专利描述过对在管道中流动的流体进行绘制和指示,以比较其性质或获得信息,比如流体结构和成分随位置的变化。
因此,显然需要如下解决方案:测量和分析流经核磁共振成像设备的流体的性质,所述核磁共振成像设备允许监测任何给定维度中的、在特定位置和时间点上的流体变化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开用于测量和监测流经管道、管件或类似物的流体的物理或化学性质的变化的方法,其包括:(a)使流经管道的流体进入磁共振成像设备(MRD);(b)在所述管道中限定感兴趣的区域(ROI);(c)在具有p个切片的所述ROI内限定c个坐标,c和p是整数,每个大于等于1;(d)获得沿所述至少一个坐标的、在所述至少一个切片中的所述流体的至少一个物理或化学性质的数据库(e)对所述ROI内的所述流体进行磁共振(MR)成像,从而提供至少一个图像,该至少一个图像沿坐标ci具有p个切片,其除其他外还包括切片Pi ci;(f)从所述图像确定所述沿所述至少一个坐标ci的、在至少一个切片Pi ci的流体的所述至少一个物理或化学性质(g)比较在所述至少一个切片p中、在同一预定义的坐标ci中的所述与所述从而确定性质差其中代表与所述流体的预先确定的标准的偏差,该预先确定的标准由在所述管道内所述预定义的坐标指示;进一步地,如果则发出通知。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,其中所述坐标限定为远离所述ROI中点的一维点;每个所述点的位置由坐标(xi)定义。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,其中根据由像素组成的二维网格将所述坐标定义在所述横截面中;每个所述像素的位置由坐标(xi,yi)定义。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,其中根据由体素组成的三维网格将所述坐标定义在所述ROI中;每个所述体素的位置由坐标(xi,yi,zi)定义。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,其进一步包括随时间连续地测量所述记录的物理或化学性质的装置。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,其中在不同的切片和坐标确定获得作为位置的函数的
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,其中由所述基于MR的系统测量的流动物质的物理或化学性质包括电导率、介电常数,和磁性。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,其中由所述MRD测量的流动流体的物理和化学性质包括所述流体中的至少一种材料的浓度和识别以及所述材料的粒度、粒度分布、颗粒形状、动态流动特征,和含水量。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,进一步包括根据所述流体的至少一种性质的变化来控制过程的反馈机构。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的方法,进一步包括选择下组性质的步骤,该组包括:流体类型、流体密度、流体粘度、流体粘弹性、流体屈服应力及其任意组合。
本发明的另一个目的是公开上述限定的方法,该方法进一步包括从牛顿流体、假塑性流体、胀流型流体、宾汉塑性流体,和赫歇尔-巴尔克莱流体中选择所述流体类型的步骤。
本发明的另一个目的是公开上述限定的方法,该方法进一步包括对识别所述流体中的非均质区域进行另外的分析。
本发明的另一个目的是公开上述限定的方法,其中所述流体中的所述非均质区域选自:气泡、液泡、分层区域、沉淀区域、分解乳剂区域,和不完全混合区域。
本发明的另一个目的是公开上述限定的方法,该方法进一步包括通过速度场中涡流的存在识别湍流区域的步骤。
本发明的另一个目的是公开上述限定的方法,该方法进一步包括从所述速度图像确定流阵面、并且通过所述流阵面形状的不规则性识别湍流区域的步骤。
本发明的另一个目的是公开上述限定的方法,该方法进一步包括在显示设备上显示所述1D、2D和3D速度图像的步骤。
本发明的目的是公开用于测量和监测流体的物理或化学性质的磁共振成像设备(MRD)(100),其包括:(a)磁共振扫描仪(110),用于使流体在产生的磁场内受射频信号((RF))作用、并测量所述流体重新发射的RF信号;(b)计算机处理器(120),用于控制所述磁共振扫描仪的RF波的产生和检测功能;(c)计算机可读载体(CRM)(130),用于储存所述计算机处理器用的机器指令和用于储存有关所述RF信号测量的信息;(d)可视显示器(140),用于指示MRD的当前状态和功能;(e)数字电子连接端口(150),用于在MRD和计算机通信网络进行数字通信;(f)管道(160)、管道配件或类似物,具有用于容纳流体流的预先确定的部分;(g)用于在管道内使流体流动的流激机构(170);其中所述CRM(130)包括用于涉及测量和监测所述流体的至少一个物理或化学性质的变化的数据分析过程的指令;根据在具有p个切片的所述ROI内的、沿坐标的离散位置,指示所述性质。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中所述坐标定义为远离所述ROI中点的一维点;每个所述点的位置由坐标(xi)定义。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中根据由像素组成的二维网格将所述坐标定义在所述ROI中;每个所述像素的位置由坐标(xi,yi)定义。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中根据由体素组成的三维网格将所述坐标限定在所述ROI中;每个所述体素的位置由坐标(xi,yi,zi)定义。
It is another object of the current invention to disclose the MRD as defined inany of above,further comprising a means of measuring physical or chemical propertiessequentially over time.
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其进一步包括随时间连续地测量物理或化学性质的装置。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中在不同的切片和坐标中确定获得作为位置的函数的
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中所述管道(160)被配置成在线的,容纳平行于工业过程的常规流体流的所述流体的流。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,所述流体被从所述常规流体中虹吸出来,并在经过基于所述MR的系统的监测点的点处重新整合到所述常规流体流动中。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中由所述基于MR的系统测量的流动物质的物理或化学性质包括电导率、介电常数,和磁性。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中由所述基于MR的系统测量的流动流体的物理和化学性质包括:所述至少一种材料的浓度和识别,以及所述材料的粒度、粒度分布、颗粒形状、动态流动特征,和含水量。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,进一步包括用于根据所述流体的至少一种性质的变化来控制过程的反馈机构。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,进一步包括选择下组特征的步骤,该组包括:流体类型、流体密度、流体粘度、流体粘弹性、流体屈服应力及其任意组合。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,进一步包括从牛顿流体、假塑性流体、胀流型流体、宾汉塑性流体,和赫歇尔-巴尔克莱流体中选择所述流体类型的步骤。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,进一步包括对识别所述流体中的非均质区域进行另外的分析。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,其中所述流体中的所述非均质区域选自:气泡、液泡、分层区域、沉淀区域、分解乳剂区域,和不完全混合区域。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,进一步包括通过速度场中涡流的存在识别湍流区域的步骤。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,进一步包括从所述速度图像确定流阵面、并且通过所述流阵面形状的不规则性识别湍流区域的步骤。
本发明的另一目的是公开上述限定的MRD,进一步包括在显示设备上显示所述1D、2D和3D速度图像的步骤。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明及其实践,结合附图,仅通过非限制性实施例的方式,描述多个实施例,其中:
图1展示了通过MRD测量和监测在管道中流动的流体的物理或化学性质的方法的流程图。
图2示意性展示了用于测量在管道中流动的流体的物理或化学性质的MRD(100)。
图3展示了对在管道中流动的流体的选定横截面中的一维点的指示。
图4展示了对在管道中流动的流体的选定横截面中的二维像素的指示;以及
图5展示了对在管道中流动的流体的感兴趣的体积中的三维体素的指示。
具体实施方式
通过以下说明使本领域的技术通通来理解本发明,并并明实施本发明的优选实施方式。然而,对于本领域的技术通通来说可对用不同的对变,因为本发明的因要因则限定为提供一种用于以高准确度测量和控制工业环境中的流体物质的物理和/或化学状态转变的非侵入式、在线或线内装置。
本发明中的“核磁共振”和“NMR”术术指的是处于磁场中的物质的因子核吸收并再发射电磁电射的物理电电。所述物质再发射出的电射共振频率由磁场出度和所述物质的特定因子结构决定。
本发明中的“磁共振成像设备”和“MRD”术术指的是一种对物质产生可控核磁共振作用并检测由此产生的电磁电射的分测测定的设备(例如,NMR、MRI等等)。
本发明中的“磁共振成像”、“NMR成像”、“MR成像”和“MRI”术术指的是物质物理或化学特性的集成的MR测谱测量,及其相关的多维表征。
本发明中的“非侵入式”术术指的是,本发明所公开的操作并不影响待测物质,且不会干扰所述物质参与的正常工业过程。
下文中的术术“多个”指的是任何大于等于一的整数。
本发明中的“层流”术术指的是流体各层平行流动的流体动态特征,各层之间各不干扰。层流亦可表征为其流体的粘度吸收其动能的形式。
本发明中的“湍流”术术指的是流体流动时各层之间显著相互干扰的流体动态特征,其特征在于并非以平滑的平行层流动。湍流亦可表征为其流体的粘度不吸收其动能的形式。
本发明中的术术“在线”("on-line")指的是一种系统状态,在此状态下,系统的测量功能为实时操作,且无需通工干预。
本发明中的“线内”("in-line")术术指的是,配置为在涉及流体的工业过程中作为连续操作序列中的组成部分的测量系统。
本发明中的“泡”术术指的是基本上以特征与流动流体的因体特征明显不同的流体填充的区域。泡不必是大致球形或卵形的,但其中的流体性质应该相对均一。泡的非限制性例子为乳液或液体内的大于约一毫米的空气区域。泡的其它非限制性例子为在乳液或液体内的油区域,或在气体内的液体区域。
本发明中的“感兴趣的区域”或“ROI”指的是为了处理及分析流体性质的目的,选择识别的在管道中流动的流体样品的子集。其可以为感兴趣的横截面或体积。
本发明中的“像素”术术指的是二维网格中的要素。
本发明中的“体素”术术指的是三维网格中的要素。
在本发明的方法和设备的实施例中,反馈机构整合到系统中,使得如果从设定的标准获得流体的一种或多种性质,则可以对变生产过程以引导流体性质恢复至预设的标准。对变生产过程的方法可以是通过流体温度、压力等的变化。
在本发明的范围中,术术“管道”指的是任何管、流体(例如,气体、液体、固体、气溶胶、乳剂,及其任何混合物)的热管或导管,包括任何尺寸、横截面结构和形状的管道、柔性管道、半柔性管道和刚性管道、部分开放的通道、管道配件、管道的附加件、管道接头和叉状物、管道的插件和向外安装的装置、线性和非线性管道、金属制造的管道、聚合物制造的固定、玻璃装置的管道或其它物质制造的管道,及其任意组合。
参见图1,展示了通过MRD测量和监测在管道中流动的流体的方法。可以从其流剖面获得在管道中流动的流体的物理和化学性质。图3、图4和图5分别展示了以1D、2D和3D指示感兴趣的区域的流体并且根据位置绘制流体性质。
流体可以由速度剖面表征。利用MRD测量速度剖面的两个因要方法为飞行时间(TOF)和相位编码成像。在任何一种情况下,流动流体暴露于已知出度和已知的空间变量的恒定磁场。在自旋系统与出加的磁场对齐之后,自旋系统通过在流中标记区域的射频脉冲而被扰动。飞行时间技术使用选择性激发和重聚焦RF脉冲,以选择性影响在空间朝向正交方向的平面,以及垂直于流的激发区域和平行于并包括该流的重新聚焦的区域。对得到的自旋回波的来源的位置进行成像,展示相当于速度和回波时间的乘积的位移。这些图像清晰地展示了速度在层流和非层流中的分布剖面。相位编码成像产生单向流和更复杂的流的速度分布图的直接图像。在单向稳流的情况下,如果在时间t自旋的因子核的位置为z(t),那么z(t)=z0+wt,其中z0为因子核在时间0自旋的位置,并且w为因子核的自旋速度。在流动方向施加的磁场梯度具有量级gz,并且以下布洛赫方程式表示磁化相位:
其中γg为因子核的旋磁比,并且
在相位编码成像中,施加的梯度设计成m0=0但m1≠0。那么该相位角与自旋因子核的速度成比例;对当设计梯度使相位能测量样本中的速度分布。
局部流变测量基于速度剖面。这使得在流体的流变性质的数据分析中,实际测量的剖面代替假设的速度场。可以根据下式计算局部的粘度值:
其中为从测定的速度剖面获得的剪切率剖面(局部剪切率),而τ(y)为从压力差测量(毛细管或管道流动几何学)或从扭矩测量(旋转式流变仪)获得的局部剪切应力。在进行流变试验之前,该局部流变测量已经捕获一些微扰效应。
流体动力的科学和应用几何学表明,相对于具有其它横截面形状的管道,管道的横截面形状可以影响层流-湍流瞬变区域的大小。如此,MR成像技术与为其层流-湍流瞬变性质而专门选择的流体管道系统的组合可以为确定流体的流变和组成性质提供有有的实验和流程控制价值。
表征在管道中流动的流体可以在一维、二维或三维中完成。可以确定在离散位置的流体性质的区别。通过比较,可以监测流体的特征和变化。
在本发明的系统的另一实施例中,参数被选择为使得对流体阵面的绘制产生自作为感兴趣区域中的位置的函数的速度。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,展示一种特别对于检测物质中所含(即浓度和识别)的至少一种物质以及该材料的物理特征(包括粒径、颗粒结构、颗粒形状、动态流体特征、含水量)的方法。
本系统进一步应用于流动流体的电化学转变的测量,所述转变包括所述物质的电导率、介电常数,和磁性的相应变化。
在另一实施例中,所述产物为乳剂比如牛奶或蛋黄酱。乳剂通常表电为赫歇尔-巴尔克莱类流体,具有特有的流剖面。如果存在空气泡或如果乳剂被分解,那么该流剖面变得没那么尖锐和对称。
在另一实施例中,流体在NMR设备内流动期间发生反应。流剖面的形状将表征该反应的过程,从而可以施加纠正性反馈,例如,通过对变管壁的温度,以在期望参数内进行反应过程。
实施例
下面将描述本发明下下下下的实施方式的多个实施例,以为例证。下文中将涉及部分所述实验。所述实施例描述了本发明的形式和方法,并列并了发明通所构构的实施本发明的最构构式,但不应但作是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
在油田钻井位点,将MRD配置为测量和监测流变性质,比如钻井液的粘度。在石油勘探工业中,钻井液沿钻杆向下流通再向上回到围绕钻杆的钻孔环形区域,其流变性质和组成性质将提供必要的过程控制信息。该信息往往带来钻井液成分或钻井参数(例如钻井速度和钻压)的实时过程变化。
在一些情况下,循环钻井液的性质可以提供地质结构构造信息。某些地质结构更可能使得钻井下部钻具组合(BHAs)卡住。当检测到所述情况时,将采用特定步骤来避免钻柱卡住。应当注意,钻柱卡住将导致数以百万计的不可预测操作费用,尤其是损失昂贵的下部工具,且钻井点场地费用浪费天数累积。
实施例2
将MRD用于测量和监测番茄酱生产过程中流动的流体的流变性质。该系统针对期望的番茄酱剖面相关的共振频率进行校准和调整。对番茄酱流进行持续的在线测量,若系统检测到偏离校准粘度值大于0.5%的流体粘度时,则可以启动警报。
此外,MRD测量番茄酱生产线的流内的层流-湍流瞬变横截面区域,这是为了分离和识别未能完全同化在流体基质中的任何成分。由此,可以使产品一致性和质量控制最大化。
实施例3
MRD用于测量在牛奶巴氏灭菌过程中流动的流体的性质。牛奶为乳剂,通常表电为赫歇尔-巴尔克莱类流体,具有特有的流剖面。如果乳剂被分解,那么该流剖面变得没那么尖锐且更对称。通过监测流剖面变化,可以更好地控制牛奶巴氏灭菌过程的条件并因此避免可能的经济损失。
实施例4
MRD用于测量动脉中的血流。心血管系统在通体内是具有多条分支的内部流体环路,复杂液体在其中循环。正常的动脉流是层流式的,并且第二层流在弯曲处和分叉处产生。动脉是活器官,其对应变化的血液动力学状况,并随其而变化。在某些情况下,异常血液动力学状况引起反常的生物反应。速度剖面偏斜可以产生袋形区,其中所述壁的剪应力的方向摇摆不定。动脉粥样硬化性疾病常常位于这些位置并且导致动脉管腔变窄-狭窄症。狭窄症可引起湍流且通过粘性头部损失和流堵塞,减少流动。在患有狭窄症的咽喉附近的非常高的剪切应力可以激活血小板,由此诱发血栓形成,这可以完全阻止血液流向心脏或脑。狭窄症的检测和定量作为手术干预的基础。在湍流边缘的三维脉动流将为疾病诊断和量化提供有用的信息。
实施例5
制浆造纸工业使用来自木浆的复杂的高分子量化合物的混合物作为其因材料。已经将NMR用于表征纸浆并且NMR可以用于确定产生的纸浆类的不同机械或化学处理的效果。含水纸浆悬浮液表电出非牛顿流体的行为。通常,宾汉构型用于洞察已观察到的行为。即使在管内流动,而宾汉构型可以捕获在管中心的堵塞行为,也不能解决在产生不稳定流的堵塞区域外工作的重要机制。通过绘制流体流动、感兴趣的区域的定性比较可以洞察纸浆的微观结构,这有助于对工厂中的纸浆生产进行监测。
Claims (34)
1.一种用于测量和监测流经管道的流体的物理或化学性质的变化的方法,其包括如下步骤:
a.使流经管道的流体进入磁共振成像设备(MRD);
b.在所述管道中限定感兴趣的区域(ROI);
c.在具有p个切片的所述ROI内限定c个坐标,c和p是整数,每个大于等于1;
d.获得沿所述至少一个坐标的、在所述至少一个切片中的所述流体的至少一个物理或化学性质的数据库
e.对所述ROI内的所述流体进行MR成像,从而提供至少一个图像,所述至少一个图像沿坐标ci具有p个切片,其除其他外还包括切片Pi ci;
f.从所述图像确定沿所述至少一个坐标ci、在至少一个切片Pi ci的所述流体的所述至少一个物理或化学性质
g.比较在所述至少一个切片p中、在同一预定义的坐标ci中的所述与所述从而确定性质差
其中代表与所述流体的预先确定的标准之间的偏差,该预先确定的标准由在所述管道内所述预定义的坐标指示;进一步地,如果则发出通知。
2.根据权利要下1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述坐标定义为远离所述ROI中点的一维点;每个所述点的位置由坐标(xi)定义。
3.根据权利要下1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据由像素组成的二维网格将所述坐标定义在所述横截面中;每个所述像素的位置由坐标(xi,yi)定义。
4.根据权利要下1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据由体素组成的三维网格将所述坐标定义在所述ROI中;每个所述体素的位置由坐标(xi,yi,zi)定义。
5.根据权利要下2、权利要下3或权利要下4所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括随时间连续地测量所述记录的物理或化学性质的装置。
6.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,在不同的切片和坐标中确定获得作为位置的函数的
7.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,由所述基于MR的系统测量的流动物质的物理或化学性质包括电导率、介电常数和磁性。
8.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,由所述MRD测量的流动流体的物理和化学性质包括所述流体中的至少一种材料的浓度和识别,以及所述材料的粒度、粒度分布、颗粒形状、动态流动特征和含水量。
9.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括用于根据所述流体的至少一种性质的变化来控制过程的反馈机构。
10.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括选择下组性质的步骤,该组包括:流体类型、流体密度、流体粘度、流体粘弹性、流体屈服应力及其任意组合。
11.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括从下组中选择所述流体类型的步骤,该组包括:牛顿流体、假塑性流体、胀流型流体、宾汉塑性流体和赫歇尔-巴尔克莱流体。
12.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括对识别所述流体中的非均质区域进行另外的分析。
13.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述流体中的所述非均质区域选自:气泡、液泡、分层区域、沉淀区域、分解乳剂区域和不完全混合区域。
14.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括通过速度场中涡流的存在来识别湍流区域的步骤。
15.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括从所述速度图像确定流阵面、并且通过所述流阵面形状的不规则性识别湍流区域的步骤。
16.根据权利要下5所述的方法,其特征在于,其进一步包括在显示设备上显示所述1D、2D和3D速度图像的步骤。
17.磁共振成像设备(MRD,100),用于测量和监测流体的物理或化学性质,所述MRD包括:
a.磁共振扫描仪(110),用于使流体在产生的磁场内受射频信号(RF)作用、并测量由所述流体重新发射的RF信号;所述扫描仪配置为使所述流体成像;
b.计算机处理器(120),用于控制所述磁共振扫描仪的RF波的产生和检测功能;
c.计算机可读载体(CRM,130),用于储存所述计算机处理器用的机器指令和用于储存有关所述RF信号测量的信息;以及
d.管道(160),用于容纳所述流体流;
其中所述CRM(130)包括用于对数据进行分析性处理的指令,所述数据涉及测量和监测流体的至少一个物理或化学性质的变化根据在具有p个切片的所述ROI内的、沿坐标的离散位置,指示所述性质。
18.根据权利要下17所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,所述坐标定义为远离所述ROI的中点的一维点;每个所述点的位置由坐标(xi)定义。
19.根据权利要下17所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,根据由像素组成的二维网格将所述坐标限定在所述ROI中;每个所述像素的位置由坐标(xi,yi)定义。
20.根据权利要下17所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,根据由体素组成的三维网格将所述坐标限定在所述ROI中;每个所述体素的位置由坐标(xi,yi,zi)定义。
21.根据权利要下18、权利要下19,或权利要下20所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括随时间连续地测量物理或化学性质的装置。
22.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,在不同的切片和坐标中确定获得作为位置的函数的
23.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,所述管道(160)被配置成在线的,容纳平行于工业过程的常规流体流的所述流体的流。
24.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,所述流体被从所述常规流体中虹吸出来,并在经过基于所述MR的系统的监测点的点处重新整合到所述常规流体流动中。
25.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,由所述基于MR的系统测量的流动物质的物理或化学性质包括电导率、介电常数和磁性。
26.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,由所述基于MR的系统测量的流动流体的物理和化学性质包括:所述至少一种材料的浓度和识别,以及所述材料的粒度、粒度分布、颗粒形状、动态流动特征和含水量。
27.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括用于根据所述流体的至少一种性质的变化来控制过程的反馈机构。
28.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括选择下组特征的步骤,该组包括:流体类型、流体密度、流体粘度、流体粘弹性、流体屈服应力及其任意组合。
29.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括从下组中选择所述流体类型的步骤,该组包括:牛顿流体、假塑性流体、胀流型流体、宾汉塑性流体和赫歇尔-巴尔克莱流体。
30.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括对识别所述流体中的非均质区域进行另外的分析。
31.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,所述流体中的所述非均质区域选下组,该组包括:气泡、液泡、分层区域、沉淀区域、分解乳剂区域,和不完全混合区域。
32.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括通过速度场中涡流的存在来识别湍流区域的步骤。
33.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括从所述速度图像确定流阵面、并且通过所述流阵面形状的不规则性识别湍流区域的步骤。
34.根据权利要下21所述的MRD(100),其特征在于,其进一步包括在显示设备上显示所述1D、2D和3D速度图像的步骤。
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