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CN106300279A - forced charging protection circuit for secondary battery after overdischarge - Google Patents

forced charging protection circuit for secondary battery after overdischarge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106300279A
CN106300279A CN201510238874.5A CN201510238874A CN106300279A CN 106300279 A CN106300279 A CN 106300279A CN 201510238874 A CN201510238874 A CN 201510238874A CN 106300279 A CN106300279 A CN 106300279A
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secondary battery
switch
unit
protection circuit
trigger
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CN106300279B (en
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黄保生
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Go Tech Energy Co Ltd
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Go Tech Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a forced charging protection circuit used after overdischarge of a secondary battery. The invention provides a temporary electric connection under the condition of overdischarge of the secondary battery, and keeps the loop of the secondary battery and the charger not disconnected; and when the secondary battery recovers the working state, the temporary electric connection is cancelled, so that the secondary battery maintains the normal operation. Thus, when the secondary battery is in an overdischarge state, the problem can be solved without detaching the secondary battery from a working place for maintenance, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

用于二次电池过放电后的强制充电保护电路Compulsory charging protection circuit for secondary batteries after overdischarge

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种强制充电保护电路,特别是涉及一种用于二次电池过放电后的强制充电保护电路。The invention relates to a forced charging protection circuit, in particular to a forced charging protection circuit for a secondary battery after overdischarging.

背景技术Background technique

二次电池,也就是所谓的充电电池,广泛地应用于许多产品中,诸如笔记本电脑、平板计算机、移动电话,甚至是大型电动车与机器人。虽然二次电池多由可充电电池芯串联或并联组成,然而,依照电源供应对象的不同,有着不同的输出电流与电量的规格。Secondary batteries, so-called rechargeable batteries, are widely used in many products such as notebook computers, tablet computers, mobile phones, and even large electric vehicles and robots. Although secondary batteries are mostly composed of rechargeable cells connected in series or in parallel, they have different output current and power specifications according to different power supply objects.

由于每个电池芯在组成二次电池的时,具有不同的特性,导致二次电池在使用时,无论充电或放电,都会存在电池芯之间不平衡的问题。不正常的运作会导致二次电池温度升高,减少电池的使用寿命甚至造成爆炸。其中,造成二次电池的使用寿命减少的原因,主要是过充电或过放电的操作。因此,一般二次电池中都会设置电池管理芯片用来解决以上的问题。Since each battery cell has different characteristics when forming a secondary battery, there will be an imbalance between the battery cells when the secondary battery is in use, regardless of charging or discharging. Abnormal operation will cause the temperature of the secondary battery to rise, reduce the service life of the battery and even cause an explosion. Among them, the main reason for reducing the service life of the secondary battery is the operation of overcharging or overdischarging. Therefore, generally, a battery management chip is installed in a secondary battery to solve the above problems.

参见图1,该图示出了一种现有的二次电池1的架构,其中包含了一个电池管理芯片2。二次电池1的电力主要的储存及供应来源是串联相接的数个电池芯3。电池管理芯片2连接到电池芯3的群组中,可以有效得知各个电池芯3的状态以动态平衡这些电池芯3。此外,电池管理芯片2和充电控制开关4及放电控制开关5组成一个充放电保护电路。其中充电控制开关4及放电控制开关5各由一个场效应晶体管与一个寄生二极管组成。该充放电保护电路进一步和一个终端单元6连接。终端单元6具有一个正极端6a、一个负极端6b及一个信息传输端6c。终端单元6可以是一个插座的形式,这要看其连接的对象决定是要进行充电或放电。电池管理芯片2可以经过信息传输端6c,将电池芯3的状态传送到二次电池1外部的管控系统中;或通过信息传输端6c接收来自管控系统的指示实现管理电池芯3。Referring to FIG. 1 , this figure shows the structure of an existing secondary battery 1 , which includes a battery management chip 2 . The main power storage and supply source of the secondary battery 1 is several battery cells 3 connected in series. The battery management chip 2 is connected to a group of battery cells 3 , and can effectively know the status of each battery cell 3 to dynamically balance these battery cells 3 . In addition, the battery management chip 2, the charge control switch 4 and the discharge control switch 5 form a charge and discharge protection circuit. The charge control switch 4 and the discharge control switch 5 are each composed of a field effect transistor and a parasitic diode. The charging and discharging protection circuit is further connected to a terminal unit 6 . The terminal unit 6 has a positive terminal 6a, a negative terminal 6b and an information transmission terminal 6c. The terminal unit 6 may be in the form of a socket, depending on whether it is to be charged or discharged depending on the object to which it is connected. The battery management chip 2 can transmit the state of the battery core 3 to the management and control system outside the secondary battery 1 through the information transmission terminal 6c; or manage the battery core 3 by receiving instructions from the management and control system through the information transmission terminal 6c.

当终端单元6连接的对象是充电器时,电流经由正极端6a流向电池芯3,依次经过放电控制开关5与充电控制开关4后,最后通过负极端6b流回充电器。此时充电控制开关4与放电控制开关5维持开启的状态,电池管理芯片2通过电阻7知道电流的方向,进而知道目前是充电状态。而当终端单元6连接的对象是一个负载时,电流由电池芯3经由正极端6a流向负载;负载端也有电流经负极端6b、充电控制开关4与放电控制开关5流回至电池芯3,完成回路。此时充电控制开关4与放电控制开关5也为开启状态。电池管理芯片2也是靠电阻7的电流方向,知道目前是放电状态。When the terminal unit 6 is connected to a charger, the current flows to the battery core 3 through the positive terminal 6a, passes through the discharge control switch 5 and the charge control switch 4 in turn, and finally flows back to the charger through the negative terminal 6b. At this time, the charge control switch 4 and the discharge control switch 5 remain on, and the battery management chip 2 knows the direction of the current through the resistor 7, and thus knows that it is currently in a charging state. And when the object connected to the terminal unit 6 is a load, the current flows from the battery core 3 to the load through the positive terminal 6a; the load terminal also has current flowing back to the battery core 3 through the negative terminal 6b, the charge control switch 4 and the discharge control switch 5, Complete the circuit. At this time, the charge control switch 4 and the discharge control switch 5 are also in an open state. The battery management chip 2 also relies on the current direction of the resistor 7 to know that it is currently in a discharging state.

当二次电池1在充电时,如果遇到了过充电的情况(也就是二次电池1的电压在充电中超过了额定最高电压值)时,电池管理芯片2会关掉充电控制开关4,保护二次电池1不再因继续充电而受伤害;相似地,当二次电池1在放电时,如果遇到了过放电的情况(也就是二次电池1的电压在放电中低于最低容许电压值)时,电池管理芯片2会关掉放电控制开关5,保护二次电池1不再因继续放电而无法恢复可充电性。当进行过充电保护时,由于二次电池1的电压会随着时间下降,当低于额定最高电压值后,电池管理芯片2可再度开启充电控制开关4,二次电池1恢复正常作业。然而,当进行过放电保护时,由于二次电池1的电压不可能恢复到正常运作电压,除非在电池外强制进行恢复动作,二次电池1无法恢复正常作业。When the secondary battery 1 is charging, if it encounters an overcharge situation (that is, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 exceeds the rated maximum voltage value during charging), the battery management chip 2 will turn off the charging control switch 4 to protect The secondary battery 1 is no longer hurt by continuing to charge; similarly, when the secondary battery 1 is discharging, if it encounters an over-discharge situation (that is, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 is lower than the minimum allowable voltage value during discharge) ), the battery management chip 2 will turn off the discharge control switch 5 to protect the secondary battery 1 from being unable to restore its chargeability due to continuous discharge. When the overcharge protection is performed, since the voltage of the secondary battery 1 will decrease with time, when the voltage is lower than the rated maximum voltage, the battery management chip 2 can turn on the charging control switch 4 again, and the secondary battery 1 resumes normal operation. However, when the over-discharge protection is performed, since the voltage of the secondary battery 1 cannot be restored to the normal operating voltage, the secondary battery 1 cannot resume normal operation unless a recovery operation is performed outside the battery.

对消费者而言,如果使用二次电池发生过放电保护而无法恢复正常运作时,他们一定认为是二次电池损毁,要求厂商退货;即便是厂商愿意拿可用的二次电池来替换,这一来一回的运送成本,也造成了厂商的损失。因此,如何在二次电池发生过放电保护后,有效重启二次电池正常运作,相关的电路设计亟待研发。For consumers, if the secondary battery is over-discharged and cannot resume normal operation, they must think that the secondary battery is damaged and ask the manufacturer to return the product; even if the manufacturer is willing to replace it with a usable secondary battery, this The cost of shipping back and forth has also caused losses to the manufacturer. Therefore, how to effectively restart the normal operation of the secondary battery after the over-discharge protection of the secondary battery occurs, the relevant circuit design needs to be developed urgently.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决上述的问题,本发明提供一种用于二次电池过放电后的强制充电保护电路。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a forced charging protection circuit for a secondary battery after overdischarge.

所述用于二次电池过放电后的强制充电保护电路包含电路导通开关,释放单元、触发单元和比较单元。其中,所述电路导通开关与二次电池中串联的充电控制开关及放电控制开关的两端并联相接,所述电路导通开关开启时电导通所述两端;释放单元适用于在接收释放电压后导通接地;触发单元连接到所述电路导通开关与所述释放单元,适用于在接收到触发讯号后,电导通所述电路导通开关与所述释放单元间的连接;比较单元电连接到所述二次电池,比较所述二次电池正极与负极的电压差与最低容许电压值;当所述电压差大于所述最低容许电压值时,提供正常电压给所述释放单元;当所述电压差小于所述最低容许电压值时,提供释放电压给所述释放单元。当所述释放单元导通接地且所述触发单元导通所述电路导通开关与所述释放单元间的电连接时,所述电路导通开关开启。The forced charging protection circuit for the secondary battery after overdischarge includes a circuit conduction switch, a release unit, a trigger unit and a comparison unit. Wherein, the circuit conduction switch is connected in parallel with the two ends of the charging control switch and the discharge control switch connected in series in the secondary battery, and the two ends are electrically conducted when the circuit conduction switch is turned on; the release unit is suitable for receiving After the voltage is released, it is turned on and grounded; the trigger unit is connected to the circuit conduction switch and the release unit, and is suitable for electrically conducting the connection between the circuit conduction switch and the release unit after receiving the trigger signal; comparison The unit is electrically connected to the secondary battery, and compares the voltage difference between the positive pole and the negative pole of the secondary battery with the minimum allowable voltage value; when the voltage difference is greater than the minimum allowable voltage value, a normal voltage is provided to the release unit ; When the voltage difference is less than the minimum allowable voltage value, providing a release voltage to the release unit. When the release unit is grounded and the trigger unit conducts the electrical connection between the circuit conduction switch and the release unit, the circuit conduction switch is turned on.

在其中一个实施例中,所述触发单元连接到触发开关,所述触发开关开启时,所述触发讯号发出给所述触发单元。In one embodiment, the trigger unit is connected to a trigger switch, and when the trigger switch is turned on, the trigger signal is sent to the trigger unit.

在其中一个实施例中,所述触发单元为硅控整流器。In one of the embodiments, the trigger unit is a silicon controlled rectifier.

在其中一个实施例中,所述硅控整流器的闸极与所述触发开关连接,当所述触发开关开启时,所述闸极接收高电位电压。In one embodiment, the gate of the silicon controlled rectifier is connected to the trigger switch, and when the trigger switch is turned on, the gate receives a high potential voltage.

在其中一个实施例中,所述强制充电保护电路还包含电源,与所述电路导通开关连接,适用于提供所述电路导通开关运作所需的电力。In one of the embodiments, the forced charging protection circuit further includes a power supply, connected to the circuit conduction switch, adapted to provide the power required for the circuit conduction switch to operate.

在其中一个实施例中,所述比较单元为比较器。In one of the embodiments, the comparison unit is a comparator.

在其中一个实施例中,所述比较器的输入端连接到所述二次电池的电路信号源。In one of the embodiments, the input terminal of the comparator is connected to the circuit signal source of the secondary battery.

在其中一个实施例中,所述电路信号源为所述二次电池的电池管理芯片的放电控制开关引脚或工作电压引脚。In one embodiment, the circuit signal source is a discharge control switch pin or a working voltage pin of a battery management chip of the secondary battery.

在其中一个实施例中,所述释放单元包含场效应晶体管与寄生二极管。In one embodiment, the release unit includes a field effect transistor and a parasitic diode.

在其中一个实施例中,所述电路导通开关为光耦合继电器。In one embodiment, the circuit enable switch is an optocoupler relay.

本发明的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

本发明的用于二次电池过放电后的强制充电保护电路,在二次电池过放电的情况下,提供一个临时的电连接,保持二次电池与充电器的回路不断路;并在二次电池恢复工作状态时,取消临时电连接,让二次电池维持正常运作。这样可使二次电池在面临过放电状态时,不必由工作处卸下维修也能解决问题,减少维修的成本。The forced charging protection circuit for secondary battery overdischarge of the present invention provides a temporary electrical connection in the case of overdischarge of the secondary battery to keep the circuit between the secondary battery and the charger uninterrupted; When the battery is restored to working condition, the temporary electrical connection is canceled to allow the secondary battery to maintain normal operation. In this way, when the secondary battery is facing an over-discharge state, the problem can be solved without being removed from the work place for maintenance, and the maintenance cost can be reduced.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为一种现有的二次电池架构;Figure 1 is an existing secondary battery architecture;

图2为本发明的强制充电保护电路与其连接的二次电池一实施的示意图;2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the compulsory charging protection circuit of the present invention and a secondary battery connected thereto;

图3为本发明的强制充电保护电路一实施例的架构图;3 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the compulsory charging protection circuit of the present invention;

图4为本发明的强制充电保护电路中的触发单元与释放单元一实施例的示意图;4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a trigger unit and a release unit in the compulsory charging protection circuit of the present invention;

图5为本发明的强制充电保护电路中比较单元一实施例的示意图;5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a comparison unit in the compulsory charging protection circuit of the present invention;

图6为本发明的强制充电保护电路中部分组件的时序表;FIG. 6 is a timing table of some components in the compulsory charging protection circuit of the present invention;

其中,1-二次电池,2-电池管理芯片,3-电池芯,4-充电控制开关,5-放电控制开关,6-终端单元,6a-正极端,6b-负极端,6c-信息传输端,7-电阻,100-二次电池,100a~100d-节点,110-电池芯,120-电池管理芯片,121-工作电压引脚,122-接地端引脚,123-充电控制开关引脚,124-放电控制开关引脚,125-电池讯号引脚,127-电阻,130-充电控制开关,140-放电控制开关,150-终端单元,150a-正极端,150b-负极端,150c-讯号端,200-强制充电保护电路,210-电路导通开关,220-释放单元,230-触发单元,240-比较单元,250-触发开关,260-电源,261-电源电路。Among them, 1-secondary battery, 2-battery management chip, 3-battery core, 4-charging control switch, 5-discharging control switch, 6-terminal unit, 6a-positive terminal, 6b-negative terminal, 6c-information transmission terminal, 7-resistor, 100-secondary battery, 100a~100d-node, 110-battery core, 120-battery management chip, 121-working voltage pin, 122-ground terminal pin, 123-charging control switch pin , 124-discharge control switch pin, 125-battery signal pin, 127-resistor, 130-charge control switch, 140-discharge control switch, 150-terminal unit, 150a-positive terminal, 150b-negative terminal, 150c-signal terminal, 200-forced charging protection circuit, 210-circuit conduction switch, 220-release unit, 230-trigger unit, 240-comparison unit, 250-trigger switch, 260-power supply, 261-power supply circuit.

具体实施方式detailed description

为了使本发明的技术方案更加清楚,以下结合附图,对本发明的用于二次电池过后的强制充电保护电路作进一步详细的说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the forced charging protection circuit for the secondary battery of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.

本发明将参照下列的实施方式进行更具体地描述。The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments.

参阅图2至图6,本发明的实施例结合这些图式进行说明。在图2中示出了本发明的一种强制充电保护电路200。该强制充电保护电路200与一个二次电池100连接。在对强制充电保护电路200进行说明前,先针对强制充电保护电路200可应用的二次电池100进行说明。Referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 6 , embodiments of the present invention are described in conjunction with these figures. A forced charging protection circuit 200 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 . The forced charging protection circuit 200 is connected to a secondary battery 100 . Before describing the forced charging protection circuit 200 , the secondary battery 100 to which the forced charging protection circuit 200 is applicable will be described.

市售的二次电池因其组成要素与应用对象的不同,可分成非常多的种类。本发明应用的二次电池,无论其储存电力的电池芯是何种材料与规格(最好是镍镉电池(Ni-Cd)、镍氢电池(Ni-MH)、锂离子电池(Li-ion)或锂高分子电池(Li-polymer)),但一定要有对二次电池进行管理的电池管理芯片。此外,电池管理芯片要能对二次电池进行过充电或过放电保护,也就是在二次电池遭遇过充电与过放电的状况时,电池管理芯片能停止二次电池的运作。因此,在图2的描述中,二次电池100的结构主要包含了数个彼此串联和/或并联连接的电池芯110、一个符合上述要求的电池管理芯片120、充电控制开关130、放电控制开关140及终端单元150。Commercially available secondary batteries can be classified into many types depending on their constituent elements and applications. The secondary battery used in the present invention, no matter what kind of material and specification (preferably nickel-cadmium battery (Ni-Cd), nickel-metal hydride battery (Ni-MH), lithium-ion battery (Li-ion battery) ) or lithium polymer battery (Li-polymer)), but there must be a battery management chip that manages the secondary battery. In addition, the battery management chip should be able to protect the secondary battery from overcharging or overdischarging, that is, when the secondary battery encounters overcharging or overdischarging, the battery management chip can stop the operation of the secondary battery. Therefore, in the description of FIG. 2 , the structure of the secondary battery 100 mainly includes several battery cells 110 connected in series and/or in parallel, a battery management chip 120 meeting the above requirements, a charge control switch 130, a discharge control switch 140 and terminal unit 150.

当二次电池100在运作时,充电控制开关130与放电控制开关140都是开启的状态,以便电流通过。当终端单元150连接的对象是充电电源(未示出)时,电流由正极端150a依次流经电池芯110群、放电控制开关140与充电控制开关130,最后由负极端150b流回充电电源,此时每个电池芯110均进行充电;当终端单元150连接的对象是负载(未示出)时,电流由负极端150b依次流经充电控制开关130、放电控制开关140与电池芯110群,最后由正极端150a流回负载,此时每个电池芯110进行放电。电池管理芯片120可通过流经电阻127的电流方向,判断此时二次电池100是进行放电还是充电。When the secondary battery 100 is in operation, both the charge control switch 130 and the discharge control switch 140 are turned on to allow current to pass through. When the terminal unit 150 is connected to a charging power source (not shown), the current flows from the positive terminal 150a through the battery cells 110 group, the discharge control switch 140 and the charging control switch 130 in sequence, and finally flows back to the charging power source through the negative terminal 150b. At this time, each battery cell 110 is charged; when the terminal unit 150 is connected to a load (not shown), the current flows from the negative terminal 150b through the charge control switch 130, the discharge control switch 140 and the group of battery cells 110 in sequence, Finally, the positive terminal 150a flows back to the load, and at this time, each battery cell 110 is discharging. The battery management chip 120 can determine whether the secondary battery 100 is being discharged or charged at this time according to the direction of the current flowing through the resistor 127 .

电池管理芯片120具有数个引脚。工作电压引脚(VDD)121连接到充放电回路上的一个节点100a,由于节点100a靠近电池芯110群的正极端,因此可获得电池芯110群端的高电位能。相对地,接地端引脚(VSS)122接到充放电回路上的另一个节点100b,因为节点100b靠近电池芯110群的负极端,可获得电池芯110群端的低电位能。高电位能与低电位能间的差值约等于二次电池100当下的工作电压。充电控制开关引脚123及放电控制开关引脚124分别用来开启或关闭充电控制开关130与放电控制开关140。二次电池100正常运作时,充电控制开关引脚123与放电控制开关引脚124都是开启的。电池讯号引脚125用来将电池的状态传输给与终端单元150的讯号端150c连接的设备(未示出)中,或接受来自设备的指示进行二次电池100的运作。The battery management chip 120 has several pins. The working voltage pin (VDD) 121 is connected to a node 100a on the charging and discharging circuit. Since the node 100a is close to the positive terminal of the battery cell 110 group, the high potential of the battery cell 110 group terminal can be obtained. In contrast, the ground pin (VSS) 122 is connected to another node 100b on the charge-discharge circuit, because the node 100b is close to the negative terminal of the battery cell 110 group, which can obtain the low potential energy of the battery cell 110 group terminal. The difference between the high potential energy and the low potential energy is approximately equal to the current working voltage of the secondary battery 100 . The charge control switch pin 123 and the discharge control switch pin 124 are used to turn on or off the charge control switch 130 and the discharge control switch 140 respectively. When the secondary battery 100 is in normal operation, both the charge control switch pin 123 and the discharge control switch pin 124 are turned on. The battery signal pin 125 is used to transmit the state of the battery to a device (not shown) connected to the signal terminal 150 c of the terminal unit 150 , or to receive instructions from the device to operate the secondary battery 100 .

强制充电保护电路200在二次电池100正常运作时,仅与二次电池100相连而无作用;仅当二次电池200遇到过放电的状况后,强制充电保护电路200才发挥作用。强制充电保护电路200由电路导通开关210、释放单元220、触发单元230、比较单元240、触发开关250与电源260组成。电路导通开关210与二次电池100中串联的充电控制开关130及放电控制开关140的两端并联相接,即电连接至图2中的节点100c与节点100d。当电路导通开关210开启时,节点100c与节点100d(两端)之间产生电导通。电路导通开关210可以是一般常用的电子型开关,最好是光耦合继电器。电源260与电路导通开关210连接,用于提供电路导通开关210运作所需的电力。电源260与电路导通开关210之间有一个电源电路261来完成电力与电路导通开关210的衔接。最好,电源电路261具有防止电池电力逆流的设计以保护电源260。The forced charging protection circuit 200 is only connected to the secondary battery 100 when the secondary battery 100 is in normal operation and has no effect; only when the secondary battery 200 is over-discharged, the forced charging protection circuit 200 takes effect. The forced charging protection circuit 200 is composed of a circuit conduction switch 210 , a release unit 220 , a trigger unit 230 , a comparison unit 240 , a trigger switch 250 and a power source 260 . The circuit conduction switch 210 is connected in parallel with both ends of the charge control switch 130 and the discharge control switch 140 connected in series in the secondary battery 100 , that is, electrically connected to the node 100c and the node 100d in FIG. 2 . When the circuit conduction switch 210 is turned on, electrical conduction is created between the node 100c and the node 100d (both ends). The circuit conduction switch 210 can be a commonly used electronic switch, preferably an optocoupler relay. The power supply 260 is connected to the circuit enable switch 210 for providing the power required for the circuit enable switch 210 to operate. There is a power supply circuit 261 between the power supply 260 and the circuit conduction switch 210 to complete the connection of power to the circuit conduction switch 210 . Preferably, the power supply circuit 261 has a design to prevent reverse flow of battery power to protect the power supply 260 .

释放单元220用来在接收释放电压后导通接地,而当接收的是正常电压时,释放单元220阻断接地。实际上,正常电压可以是异于释放电压误差范围内的任何电压值,释放单元220是一个电子开关。如图4所示,释放单元220是一个由场效应晶体管与寄生二极管组成的开关,其闸极与比较单元240电连接,释放单元220的开启与关闭由比较单元240控制。触发单元230连接到电路导通开关210与释放单元220,用于在接收到触发讯号后,电导通电路导通开关210与释放单元220间的连接。在本实施例中,触发单元230是一个硅控整流器。为了控制方便起见,触发单元230进一步连接到触发开关250,触发开关250在二次电池100正常运作时是关闭的。当触发开关250开启时,上述的触发讯号便发出给触发单元230。触发开关250可以是一般的按键式开关,由人为手动控制;触发开关250也可以是一个电子式开关,通过设定某一特定事件而开启,比如二次电池100因为过放电而停止工作30分钟。硅控整流器的闸极与触发开关250连接,当触发开关250开启时,闸极接收高电位电压,也就是触发讯号。当释放单元220导通接地,且触发单元230导通电路导通开关210与释放单元220之间的电连接时,电路导通开关210就开启。The release unit 220 is used to turn on the ground after receiving the release voltage, and to block the ground when receiving the normal voltage. Actually, the normal voltage can be any voltage value different from the release voltage within the error range, and the release unit 220 is an electronic switch. As shown in FIG. 4 , the release unit 220 is a switch composed of a field effect transistor and a parasitic diode, and its gate is electrically connected to the comparison unit 240 . The trigger unit 230 is connected to the circuit conduction switch 210 and the release unit 220 , and is used for electrically conducting the connection between the circuit conduction switch 210 and the release unit 220 after receiving the trigger signal. In this embodiment, the trigger unit 230 is a silicon controlled rectifier. For control convenience, the trigger unit 230 is further connected to a trigger switch 250 which is turned off when the secondary battery 100 is in normal operation. When the trigger switch 250 is turned on, the above trigger signal is sent to the trigger unit 230 . The trigger switch 250 can be a general push-button switch, manually controlled by humans; the trigger switch 250 can also be an electronic switch, which is turned on by setting a specific event, such as the secondary battery 100 stops working for 30 minutes due to over-discharge . The gate of the silicon controlled rectifier is connected to the trigger switch 250 , and when the trigger switch 250 is turned on, the gate receives a high potential voltage, that is, a trigger signal. When the release unit 220 is grounded and the trigger unit 230 conducts the electrical connection between the circuit conduction switch 210 and the release unit 220 , the circuit conduction switch 210 is turned on.

比较单元240电连接到二次电池100,可比较二次电池100正极与负极的电压差,也就是二次电池100的工作电压,与最低容许电压值的大小。当电压差大于最低容许电压值时,提供正常电压给释放单元220;当电压差小于最低容许电压值时,提供释放电压给释放单元220。实作上,比较单元240可以是一个比较器,如图5所示。比较器除接到工作电压(请注意,二次电池100的工作电压与强制充电保护电路200的工作电压不见得相同)与接地外,尚有二个输入端与一个输出端。最低容许电压值是用来评估二次电池100过放电的标准,若是二次电池100正负极的电压差低于最低容许电压值时,二次电池100可以认定是处于过放电状态。最低容许电压作为一个参考电压,由其中一个输入端(-)输入,而比较器的另一个输入端(+)连接到二次电池100的电路信号源中,取得二次电池100当下的工作电压,或是正极与负极的电压差。电路信号源为二次电池100的电池管理芯片120的放电控制开关引脚124,也可以为工作电压引脚121,这要看电池管理芯片120的设计上哪一个引脚可以在二次电池100停止运作的情况下,能够提供上述的工作电压或电压差。在本实施例中要注意的是,因为输入端的选择,正常电压的电位高于释放电压的电位;若参考电压与工作电压的输入端交换,正常电压的电位就会低于释放电压的电位。The comparison unit 240 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 100 and can compare the voltage difference between the positive pole and the negative pole of the secondary battery 100 , that is, the working voltage of the secondary battery 100 , with the minimum allowable voltage value. When the voltage difference is greater than the minimum allowable voltage value, a normal voltage is provided to the release unit 220 ; when the voltage difference is smaller than the minimum allowable voltage value, a release voltage is provided to the release unit 220 . In practice, the comparing unit 240 can be a comparator, as shown in FIG. 5 . In addition to being connected to the working voltage (please note that the working voltage of the secondary battery 100 is not necessarily the same as the working voltage of the forced charging protection circuit 200 ) and the ground, the comparator has two input terminals and one output terminal. The minimum allowable voltage value is a standard used to evaluate the over-discharge of the secondary battery 100 . If the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the secondary battery 100 is lower than the minimum allowable voltage value, the secondary battery 100 can be deemed to be in an over-discharge state. The lowest allowable voltage is used as a reference voltage, which is input by one of the input terminals (-), and the other input terminal (+) of the comparator is connected to the circuit signal source of the secondary battery 100 to obtain the current working voltage of the secondary battery 100 , or the voltage difference between positive and negative poles. The circuit signal source is the discharge control switch pin 124 of the battery management chip 120 of the secondary battery 100, or it can be the working voltage pin 121, which depends on the design of the battery management chip 120 which pin can be connected to the secondary battery 100. In the case of shutdown, the above-mentioned operating voltage or voltage difference can be provided. In this embodiment, it should be noted that due to the selection of the input terminal, the potential of the normal voltage is higher than the potential of the release voltage; if the reference voltage and the input terminal of the working voltage are exchanged, the potential of the normal voltage will be lower than the potential of the release voltage.

如图6所示,强制充电保护电路200的操作说明如下。在图6中,二次电池100的工作电压状态H(High)与L(Low)分别表示二次电池100处在正常工作或过放电的情况下,比较单元240的输出电压H与L分别表示比较单元240输出的正常电压与释放电压,电源260的电压H与L分别表示电源260供应电力及停止供应电力状态。As shown in FIG. 6 , the operation of the forced charging protection circuit 200 is described as follows. In FIG. 6 , the operating voltage states H (High) and L (Low) of the secondary battery 100 respectively indicate that the secondary battery 100 is in normal operation or over-discharge, and the output voltages H and L of the comparison unit 240 respectively indicate Comparing the normal voltage and the release voltage output by the unit 240 , the voltages H and L of the power supply 260 represent the power supply and power supply statuses of the power supply 260 respectively.

当强制充电保护电路200与二次电池100在正常工作状态下连接时,比较单元240的输出电压为正常电压,释放单元220关闭,触发开关250关闭,电路导通开关210关闭。要注意的是,电源260在强制充电保护电路200与二次电池100连接状态下都是呈供应电力状态,这样强制充电保护电路200才能有效运作。When the forced charging protection circuit 200 is connected to the secondary battery 100 under normal working conditions, the output voltage of the comparison unit 240 is a normal voltage, the release unit 220 is turned off, the trigger switch 250 is turned off, and the circuit conduction switch 210 is turned off. It should be noted that the power supply 260 is in the power supply state when the forced charging protection circuit 200 is connected to the secondary battery 100 , so that the forced charging protection circuit 200 can operate effectively.

当时间来到t1时,二次电池100处在过放电的情况下,放电控制开关140关闭,二次电池100放电时的回路在放电控制开关140处成开路。由强制充电保护电路200连接的线路(节点100c到节点100d之间)形成了旁路连接,此时,电路信号源所提供的电压差值比最低容许电压值低,比较单元240输出电压改为低电位,即提供释放电压给释放单元220,释放单元220导通接地。然而,因为触发开关250关闭,触发单元230未收到触发讯号,电路导通开关210与释放单元220之间未连接,电路导通开关210呈关闭状态。当时间来到t2时,触发开关250开启,电路导通开关210与释放单元220之间成电连通状态。此时,电路导通开关210开启,节点100c到节点100d之间短路,充电器便可由终端单元150对进行充电二次电池100强制充电。When the time comes to t1 , the secondary battery 100 is under the condition of overdischarge, the discharge control switch 140 is closed, and the discharge circuit of the secondary battery 100 is opened at the discharge control switch 140 . The line (between the node 100c and the node 100d) connected by the forced charging protection circuit 200 forms a bypass connection. At this time, the voltage difference provided by the circuit signal source is lower than the minimum allowable voltage value, and the output voltage of the comparison unit 240 is changed to Low potential, that is, to provide a release voltage to the release unit 220 , and the release unit 220 is turned on and grounded. However, because the trigger switch 250 is closed, the trigger unit 230 does not receive the trigger signal, the circuit conduction switch 210 and the release unit 220 are not connected, and the circuit conduction switch 210 is in the closed state. When the time comes to t2, the trigger switch 250 is turned on, and the circuit conduction switch 210 and the release unit 220 are electrically connected. At this time, the circuit conduction switch 210 is turned on, and the node 100c to the node 100d is short-circuited, and the charger can be forced to charge the rechargeable secondary battery 100 by the terminal unit 150 .

而当二次电池100正负极的电压差在充电经过一段时间后上升了,旁路连接就应取消,将二次电池100的运作交还给电池管理芯片120处理。在t3时,电路信号源提供的电压差值比最低容许电压值高,比较单元240恢复提供正常电压给释放单元220,释放单元220不导通接地。其结果是电路导通开关210关闭,节点100c到节点100d之间无法靠旁路连接维持电连接。如果二次电池100持续为充电器充电,电池管理芯片120便会因为二次电池100已在正常工作电压,打开放电控制开关140,让二次电池100正负极间的电压差继续上升。触发开关250不急于在t3时刻关闭,可以等到晚一点(t4)再关闭。因为释放单元220不导通接地,t3到t4的时间间隔,触发开关250的开关状态不影响电路导通开关210维持关闭的状态。And when the voltage difference between the positive and negative poles of the secondary battery 100 rises after charging for a period of time, the bypass connection should be canceled, and the operation of the secondary battery 100 should be returned to the battery management chip 120 for processing. At t3, the voltage difference provided by the circuit signal source is higher than the minimum allowable voltage value, the comparison unit 240 restores to provide a normal voltage to the release unit 220, and the release unit 220 is not turned on and grounded. As a result, the circuit conduction switch 210 is closed, and the electrical connection between the node 100c and the node 100d cannot be maintained by the bypass connection. If the secondary battery 100 continues to charge the charger, the battery management chip 120 will turn on the discharge control switch 140 because the secondary battery 100 is already at a normal operating voltage, so that the voltage difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the secondary battery 100 continues to rise. The trigger switch 250 is not in a hurry to turn off at t3, and can wait until a little later (t4) to turn off. Because the release unit 220 is not turned on and grounded, the switching state of the trigger switch 250 does not affect the circuit conduction switch 210 to maintain the closed state during the time interval from t3 to t4.

以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1.一种用于二次电池过放电后的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,包含:1. A forced charging protection circuit for secondary battery overdischarge, characterized in that it comprises: 电路导通开关,与二次电池中串联的充电控制开关及放电控制开关的两端并联相接,所述电路导通开关开启时电导通所述两端;The circuit conduction switch is connected in parallel with the two ends of the charge control switch and the discharge control switch connected in series in the secondary battery, and electrically conducts the two ends when the circuit conduction switch is turned on; 释放单元,适用于在接收释放电压后导通接地;A release unit adapted to conduct and ground after receiving a release voltage; 触发单元,连接到所述电路导通开关与所述释放单元,适用于在接收到触发讯号后,电导通所述电路导通开关与所述释放单元之间的连接;以及a trigger unit, connected to the circuit conduction switch and the release unit, adapted to electrically conduct the connection between the circuit conduction switch and the release unit after receiving a trigger signal; and 比较单元,电连接到所述二次电池,比较所述二次电池的正极与负极的电压差与最低容许电压值;当所述电压差大于所述最低容许电压值时,提供正常电压给所述释放单元;当所述电压差小于所述最低容许电压值时,提供释放电压给所述释放单元;The comparison unit is electrically connected to the secondary battery, and compares the voltage difference between the positive pole and the negative pole of the secondary battery with the minimum allowable voltage value; when the voltage difference is greater than the minimum allowable voltage value, a normal voltage is provided to the secondary battery The release unit; when the voltage difference is less than the minimum allowable voltage value, a release voltage is provided to the release unit; 其中,当所述释放单元导通接地且所述触发单元导通所述电路导通开关与所述释放单元之间的电连接时,所述电路导通开关开启。Wherein, when the release unit is grounded and the trigger unit conducts the electrical connection between the circuit conduction switch and the release unit, the circuit conduction switch is turned on. 2.根据权利要求1所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述触发单元连接到触发开关,所述触发开关开启时,所述触发讯号发出给所述触发单元。2. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the trigger unit is connected to a trigger switch, and when the trigger switch is turned on, the trigger signal is sent to the trigger unit. 3.根据权利要求2所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述触发单元为硅控整流器。3. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the trigger unit is a silicon controlled rectifier. 4.根据权利要求3所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述硅控整流器的闸极与所述触发开关连接,当所述触发开关开启时,所述闸极接收高电位电压。4. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the gate of the silicon controlled rectifier is connected to the trigger switch, and when the trigger switch is turned on, the gate receives a high potential voltage. 5.根据权利要求1所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,还包含电源,与所述电路导通开关连接,适用于提供所述电路导通开关运作所需的电力。5 . The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising a power supply, connected to the circuit conducting switch, adapted to provide power required for operation of the circuit conducting switch. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述比较单元为比较器。6. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the comparison unit is a comparator. 7.根据权利要求6所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述比较器的其中一个输入端连接到所述二次电池的电路信号源。7. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 6, wherein one of the input terminals of the comparator is connected to the circuit signal source of the secondary battery. 8.根据权利要求7所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述电路信号源为所述二次电池的电池管理芯片的放电控制开关引脚或工作电压引脚。8. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 7, wherein the circuit signal source is a discharge control switch pin or a working voltage pin of a battery management chip of the secondary battery. 9.根据权利要求1所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述释放单元包含场效应晶体管与寄生二极管。9. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the release unit comprises a field effect transistor and a parasitic diode. 10.根据权利要求1所述的强制充电保护电路,其特征在于,所述电路导通开关为光耦合继电器。10. The forced charging protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the circuit conduction switch is an optical coupling relay.
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