CN106299664B - A Polarized Reconfigurable Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, which comprises a square upper PCB board, a square lower PCB board, a feed port and 4 antenna units, and the 4 antenna units are symmetrically arranged on the upper On the diagonal of the PCB board; the lower PCB board includes a square substrate integrated waveguide resonator and a coupling slot, the inner conductor of the feed port is connected to the patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB board, and the outer conductor is connected to the patch on the lower surface of the lower PCB board. chip connection. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low loss, wide bandwidth, high gain, high radiation efficiency, and convenient switching among three polarization states. The magnetic electric dipole antenna is very suitable for modern wireless communication systems, especially the application of 5G band WiFi systems.

Description

A Polarized Reconfigurable Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna

[technical field]

The invention relates to a microwave passive device, in particular to a polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna.

[Background technique]

With the vigorous development of wireless communication, modern wireless communication systems have increasingly higher requirements on the bandwidth and directivity of antennas. The existing broadband microstrip patch antennas and traditional directional dipole antennas can no longer meet the requirements. As a new generation of broadband directional antenna, the magnetoelectric dipole antenna has been widely concerned by the industry since it was proposed due to its advantages such as wide bandwidth, high gain, high radiation efficiency, compact structure, simple manufacturing process, and low cost. A magnetoelectric dipole usually consists of an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole placed orthogonally, and the two dipoles are placed together or separated by a small distance. According to common sense, we all know that the direction diagram of an electric dipole looks like an 8 on the plane of the electric field, and an O shape on the plane of the magnetic field, while the direction diagram of a magnetic dipole looks like an O shape on the plane of the electric field, and it looks like an O shape on the plane of the magnetic field. The magnetic field plane is figure 8. Therefore, when two dipoles are placed together and excited with equal energy and equal phase, the resulting radiation pattern is the same heart shape in the electric field plane and magnetic field plane, and has a wider bandwidth, and more importantly, the latter Radiation is significantly suppressed.

In recent years, with the continuous popularization of WiFi technology applications, the antenna technology applied to 5G frequency band WiFi has also attracted more and more people's attention. However, as the wireless communication spectrum becomes more and more crowded and the signal fading caused by multipath propagation of radio waves becomes more and more serious, a single-polarized WiFi antenna that only covers the working frequency band (5.15-5.85GHz) will no longer be applicable In modern wireless communication systems, designing a polarized reconfigurable antenna that is resistant to multipath fading and can achieve frequency reuse to increase channel capacity can effectively ensure communication quality and improve user experience.

In the current published literature, the types of polarization reconfigurable antennas mainly include polarization reconfigurable patch antennas, polarization reconfigurable slot antennas and polarization reconfigurable monopole antennas. However, (1) although the polarization reconfigurable patch antenna is easy to implement and the cost is low, its working bandwidth is less than 10%, which cannot meet the ever-changing requirements of broadband wireless communication; (2) the polarization reconfigurable slot antenna Although it has a wider operating bandwidth, the lower gain will greatly limit its application value; (3) Although the polarization reconfigurable monopole antenna has a wider bandwidth and omnidirectional radiation characteristics, its complex The structure of the communication system will make the structure of the whole communication system more complex. The various defects mentioned above will limit the application of these polarization reconfigurable antennas in modern wireless communication systems, especially in 5G WiFi systems.

[Content of the invention]

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna with simple structure, low loss and convenient switching between polarization states.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, comprising a square upper PCB board, a square lower PCB board, a feed port and 4 antenna units, The 4 antenna units are symmetrically arranged on the diagonal of the upper PCB board; the antenna unit includes a DC feeder, a small square patch, a large square patch, a triangular patch, an electric control switch, a DC wire, a capacitor and a square metal post The small square patch is the metal foil etched on the upper surface of the upper PCB, the large square patch and the triangular patch are the metal foil etched on the lower surface of the upper PCB; the small square patch is arranged directly above the triangular patch, and the two The other is connected through metallized vias; the triangular patch is arranged on the inner side of the large square patch, and the two are connected through an electric control switch; the capacitor is connected between the triangular patch of the antenna unit and the triangular patch of the adjacent antenna unit, and the small The square patch is connected to the DC wire through the DC feeder; the upper end of the square metal cylinder is connected to the large square patch, and the lower end is connected to the metal patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB; the lower PCB includes a square substrate integrated waveguide resonator and coupling slot, the inner conductor of the feed port is connected to the patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB, and the outer conductor is connected to the patch on the lower surface of the lower PCB.

In the above-mentioned polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the antenna unit includes an inductor, and the small square patch is connected to the DC feeder through the inductor.

In the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna described above, the triangular patch is an isosceles right triangle, the angle bisector of the right angle of the isosceles right triangle coincides with the diagonal line of the upper PCB board, and one of the large square patches The diagonal line coincides with the diagonal line of the upper PCB board; the shape of the large square patch is a corner-cut rectangle, and the corner-cut part of the large square patch faces the triangular patch.

In the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna described above, the large square patch includes a circular hole, the square metal cylinder includes a vertical hole, and the circular hole and the vertical hole are coaxial; the lower end of the square metal cylinder includes a horizontal The four corners of the lower PCB board each include a wire hole, and the DC wire passes through the upper PCB board from top to bottom, passes through the vertical hole and the horizontal hole of the square metal cylinder, and runs along the upper side of the lower PCB board. The surface protrudes outward, and then passes through the wire hole from top to bottom to connect with the DC power supply.

In the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna described above, the DC wire is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply, and the patch on the lower surface of the lower PCB is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply.

In the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna described above, the electric control switch of the first antenna unit and the electric control switch of the third antenna unit are controlled by a set of DC power supply, the electric control switch of the second antenna unit and the electric control switch of the third antenna unit The electric control switch of the four antenna units is controlled by another set of DC power supply; the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit are arranged on a diagonal line of the upper PCB board, and the second antenna unit and the fourth antenna unit are arranged on the upper PCB board on the other diagonal of .

For the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna described above, the lower PCB board includes 4 rows of metallized through holes, and the 4 rows of metallized through holes form a square; the square substrate integrated waveguide resonator includes the lower PCB board, The patch on the lower surface and the square three-dimensional area surrounded by the four rows of metallized through holes; the coupling groove is a rectangular groove etched on the patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB; the rectangular groove is located on the first antenna unit and the fourth antenna unit Between the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, the long axis of the rectangular slot is arranged on the central axis of a square surrounded by four rows of metallized through holes.

In the above-mentioned polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the length of the rectangular slot is less than the length of each row of metallized through holes, and greater than the length of the upper PCB board; the width of the rectangular slot is less than the distance between the large square patches .

In the above-mentioned polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the electric control switch is a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the triangular patch, and the cathode is connected to the large square patch.

The above-mentioned polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, when the electronically controlled switches of each antenna unit are all turned on, is in a linearly polarized state; When the electric control switches are all turned on, and the electric control switches of the two antenna units on the second and fourth quadrant diagonals are all off, they are in the state of right-handed circular polarization; the antenna units on the first and third diagonal quadrants of the upper PCB board Both electric control switches are turned off, and when the electric control switches of the two antenna units on the diagonals of the second and fourth quadrants are all turned on, they are in a state of left-handed circular polarization.

The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low loss, wide bandwidth, high gain, high radiation efficiency, and convenient switching between three polarization states. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna is very suitable for modern wireless Communication system, especially the application of 5G frequency band WiFi system.

[Description of drawings]

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of a polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA' in Fig. 2 .

4 is a schematic view of the upper and lower surfaces of the first dielectric substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view, and (b) is a bottom view.

5 is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower surfaces of the second dielectric substrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view, and (b) is a bottom view.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural dimension diagram of an embodiment of a polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view, and (b) is a cross-sectional view along the line AA' in FIG. 2 .

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the radiation unit of the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in three polarization states according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of linear polarization, and (b) is a right-handed circular pole (c) is a schematic diagram of left-handed circular polarization.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the simulation and actual measurement results of the return loss and gain of the embodiment of the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the linear polarization state according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing the simulation and actual measurement results of the return loss and gain of the embodiment of the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the circular polarization state according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a graph showing the simulation and actual measurement results of the axial ratio of the embodiment of the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the circular polarization state according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a simulation and measured radiation pattern of an embodiment of a polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is at 5.2 GHz, and (b) is at 5.8 GHz.

Fig. 12 is the simulation and measured radiation pattern of the embodiment of the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the right-hand circular polarization state of the embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is at 5.2 GHz, and (b) is 5.8GHz.

Fig. 13 is the simulation and measured radiation pattern of the embodiment of the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the left-handed circular polarization state of the embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is at 5.2 GHz, and (b) is at 5.8 GHz at GHz.

[Detailed ways]

The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna of the present invention comprises a square upper PCB board, a square lower PCB board, a feed port and 4 antenna elements, and the center of the 4 antenna elements is symmetrically arranged on the opposite sides of the upper PCB board. corner line. The antenna unit includes DC feeder, small square patch, inductor, large square patch, triangular patch, electric control switch, DC wire, capacitor and square metal cylinder. The small square patch is the metal foil etched on the surface of the upper PCB board. , The large square patch and the triangular patch are metal foils etched on the lower surface of the upper PCB board. The small square patch is arranged directly above the triangular patch, and the two are connected through metallized vias. The triangular patch is arranged on the inner side of the large square patch, and the two are connected by an electric control switch. The capacitor is connected between the triangular patch of the antenna unit and the triangular patch of the adjacent antenna unit, and the small square patch is connected to the DC feeder through the inductor. The upper end of the square metal cylinder is connected with the large square patch, and the lower end is connected with the metal patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB. The lower PCB board includes a square substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and a coupling slot, the inner conductor of the feed port is connected to the patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB board, and the outer conductor is connected to the patch on the lower surface of the lower PCB board. The electric control switch is a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the triangular patch, and the cathode is connected to the large square patch.

The triangular patch is an isosceles right triangle, the bisector of the right angle of the isosceles right triangle coincides with the diagonal line of the upper PCB board, and one diagonal line of the large square patch coincides with the diagonal line of the upper PCB board. The shape of the large square patch is a rectangle with cut corners, and the cut corners of the large square patch face the triangular patch.

The large square patch includes a circular hole, the square metal cylinder includes a vertical hole, and the circular hole and the vertical hole are coaxial. The lower end of the square metal cylinder includes a horizontal hole, and the horizontal hole communicates with the vertical hole. The four corners of the lower PCB board each include a wire hole, the DC wire passes through the upper PCB board from top to bottom, passes through the vertical hole and the horizontal hole of the square metal cylinder, protrudes outward along the upper surface of the lower PCB board, and then passes through the upper PCB board. The lower ground is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply through the wire hole, and the patch on the lower surface of the lower PCB is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply.

The electric control switch of the first antenna unit and the electric control switch of the third antenna unit are controlled by a group of DC power supplies, and the electric control switch of the second antenna unit and the electric control switch of the fourth antenna unit are controlled by another group of DC power supplies. The first antenna unit and the third antenna unit are arranged on one diagonal of the upper PCB, and the second antenna unit and the fourth antenna are arranged on the other diagonal of the upper PCB.

The lower PCB board includes 4 rows of metallized through holes, and the 4 rows of metallized through holes are surrounded by a square. The square substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity includes a lower PCB board, a patch on the lower surface, and a square three-dimensional area surrounded by the four rows of metallized through holes. The coupling slot is a rectangular slot etched on the patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB. The rectangular slot is located between the first antenna unit, the fourth antenna unit, the second antenna unit, and the third antenna unit, and the long axis of the rectangular slot is arranged on the central axis of a square surrounded by four rows of metallized through holes. The length of the rectangular slot is less than the length of each row of metallized through holes and greater than the length of the upper PCB board. The width of the rectangular slots is smaller than the spacing between the large square patches.

When the electronically controlled switches of each antenna unit are turned on, they are in a linearly polarized state. When the electric control switches of the two antenna units on the first and third diagonals of the upper PCB board are turned on, and the electric control switches of the two antenna units on the second and fourth quadrants are all off, it is in right-handed circular polarization state. When the two electronically controlled switches of the antenna units on the first and third diagonals of the upper PCB board are turned off, and the electronically controlled switches of the two antenna units on the second and fourth quadrants are both turned on, it is in a state of left-handed circular polarization. .

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna of the embodiment of the present invention includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a first DC Feeder 111, second DC feeder 112, third DC feeder 113, fourth DC feeder 114, first small square patch 121, second small square patch 122, third small square patch 123, fourth small square patch Chip 124, first chip inductor 131, second chip inductor 132, third chip inductor 133, fourth chip inductor 134, first square patch 141, second square patch 142, third square patch Sheet 143, fourth square patch 144, first triangular patch 151, second triangular patch 152, third triangular patch 153, fourth triangular patch 154, first electric control switch 161, second electric control switch 162, the third electric control switch 163, the fourth electric control switch 164, the first circular hole 171, the second circular hole 172, the third circular hole 173, the fourth circular hole 174, the first group of chip capacitors 181, the second group of chip capacitors 182, the third group of chip capacitors 183, the fourth group of chip capacitors 184, the first metallized through hole 191, the second metallized through hole 192, the third metallized through hole 193, The fourth metallized through hole 194, the first square metal cylinder 21, the second square metal cylinder 22, the third square metal cylinder 23, the fourth square metal cylinder 24, the second dielectric substrate 3, the square substrate Integrated waveguide resonator 31, rectangular slot 32, first round hole 331, second round hole 332, third round hole 333, fourth round hole 334, fifth round hole 34, feed port 4, first DC wire 51 , the second DC conductor 52 , the third DC conductor 53 and the fourth DC conductor 54 .

Wherein the first DC feeder 111, the second DC feeder 112, the third DC feeder 113, the fourth DC feeder 114, the first small square patch 121, the second small square patch 122, the third small square patch 123, The fourth small square patch 124 , the first chip inductor 131 , the second chip inductor 132 , the third chip inductor 133 and the fourth chip inductor 134 are located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 .

The first square patch 141, the second square patch 142, the third square patch 143, the fourth square patch 144, the first triangular patch 151, the second triangular patch 152, the third triangular patch 153, The fourth triangular patch 154, the first electric control switch 161, the second electric control switch 162, the third electric control switch 163, the fourth electric control switch 164, the first group of chip capacitors 181, the second group of chip capacitors 182 , the third group of chip capacitors 183 and the fourth group of chip capacitors 184 are located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 .

Both the upper and lower surfaces of the second dielectric substrate 3 are pasted with metal patches of the same size as the second dielectric substrate, and the rectangular groove 32 is etched on the metal patch on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 3 . The square substrate integrated waveguide resonator 31 is composed of the upper and lower surface metal patches of the second dielectric substrate 3 and a square three-dimensional area surrounded by 4 rows of metallized through holes penetrating the second dielectric substrate 3 . The first round hole 331, the second round hole 332, the third round hole 333, and the fourth round hole 334 pass through the metal patch on the second dielectric substrate 3 and its upper and lower surfaces, and the fifth round hole 34 is etched in the second On the metal patch on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, the first square metal cylinder 21, the second square metal cylinder 22, the third square metal cylinder 23, and the fourth square metal cylinder 24 are located on the second dielectric substrate 3. On the upper surface, its bottom is connected to the metal patch on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 3, and its top is respectively connected to the first square patch 141, the second square patch 142, the third square patch 143, and the fourth square patch 144 connected to support the first dielectric substrate 1 .

The inner conductor probe of the feed port 4 passes through the second dielectric substrate 3 vertically and is connected to the metal patch on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 3 , and the outer conductor of the feed port 4 is connected to the metal patch on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 3 . SMD connection.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, in the embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 3 are substrates of printed circuit boards, wherein the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 3 The relative permittivity is 2.33, the thicknesses are 3.75mm and 0.787mm, and the loss tangent is 0.0009.

The polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the embodiment of the present invention, the first triangular patch 151, the second triangular patch 152, the third triangular patch 153, and the fourth triangular patch 154 are all of the same size isosceles right triangle, and placed symmetrically around the center of the first dielectric substrate 1; the first square patch 141,

The second square patch 142, the third square patch 143, and the fourth square patch 144 are all square patches of the same size, and surround the first triangular patch 151, the second triangular patch 152, and the third triangular patch respectively. The patch 153 and the fourth triangular patch 154 are placed symmetrically; the first circular hole 171, the second circular hole 172, the third circular hole 173, and the fourth circular hole 174 are all circular holes of the same size, and They are symmetrically etched on the first square patch 141 , the second square patch 142 , the third square patch 143 , and the fourth square patch 144 respectively.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the first triangular patch 151, the second triangular patch 152, the third triangular patch 153, and the fourth triangular patch 154 respectively pass the first metal The metallized through hole 191, the second metallized through hole 192, the third metallized through hole 193, the fourth metallized through hole 194 and the first small square patch 121, the second small square patch 122, and the third small square patch Chip 123 and the fourth small square patch 124 are connected, and the first small square patch 121, the second small square patch 122, the third small square patch 123, and the fourth small square patch 124 respectively pass through the first patch inductor 131 , the second chip inductor 132 , the third chip inductor 133 , and the fourth chip inductor 134 are connected to the first DC feeder 111 , the second DC feeder 112 , the third DC feeder 113 , and the fourth DC feeder 114 .

In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, in the embodiment, the first electric control switch 161 is connected between the first square patch 141 and the first triangular patch 151, and the second electric control switch 162 Connected between the second square patch 142 and the first triangular patch 152, the third electric control switch 163 is connected between the third square patch 143 and the third triangular patch 153, the fourth electric control switch 164 Bridge between the fourth square patch 144 and the fourth triangular patch 154, wherein the anodes of the first electric control switch 161, the second electric control switch 162, the third electric control switch 163, and the fourth electric control switch 164 Respectively connected to the first triangular patch 151, the second triangular patch 152, the third triangular patch 153, and the fourth triangular patch 154, the first electric control switch 161, the second electric control switch 162, the third electric control switch 163 , the cathode of the fourth electric control switch 164 is respectively connected to the first square patch 141 , the second square patch 142 , the third square patch 143 , and the fourth square patch 144 .

In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the first group of chip capacitors 181, the second group of chip capacitors 182, the third group of chip capacitors 183, and the fourth group of chip capacitors 184 are composed of two A patch capacitor of 100pF is formed, and the first group of capacitors 181 is connected between the first triangular patch 151 and the second triangular patch 152, and the second group of capacitors 182 is connected between the second triangular patch 152 and the third Between the triangular patches 153, the third group of capacitors 183 is connected between the third triangular patch 153 and the fourth triangular patch 154, and the fourth group of capacitors 184 is connected between the fourth triangular patch 154 and the first triangular patch. Between slices 151.

The polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the embodiment of the present invention, the first DC wire 51, the second DC wire 52, the third DC wire 53, and the fourth DC wire 54 are respectively connected with the first DC feeder 111, the The two DC feeders 112, the third DC feeder 113, and the fourth DC feeder 114 are connected, and pass through the first dielectric substrate 1, and then respectively pass through the first square metal cylinder 21, the second square metal cylinder 22, the third The square metal cylinder 23, the inside of the fourth square metal cylinder 24 and the first round hole (wire hole) 331, the second round hole (wire hole) 332, the third round hole (wire hole) on the second dielectric substrate 3 333, the fourth circular hole (conductor hole) 334, is connected with the positive pole of two groups of DC power supplies, wherein the first electric control switch 161 and the third electric control switch 163 are controlled by one group of DC power supply, the second electric control switch 162 and the second electric control switch 162 The four electric control switches 164 are controlled by another group of DC power supplies, and the high and low level signals are provided by two groups of DC power supplies to control the on-off of the electric control switches. The switch is turned on, and when the DC power supply provides a low-level signal (0V voltage), the electric control switch is turned off. The metal patch on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 3 is connected to the negative poles of two sets of DC power supplies via wires. The main purpose of this is to place the DC wires as far as possible below the floor to reduce the impact of radiated radio frequency signals on the DC wires , so as to avoid the influence on the accurate output of the electric control switch control voltage.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the inductance values of the first chip inductor 131, the second chip inductor 132, the third chip inductor 133, and the fourth chip inductor 134 are all 25nH, It is used to isolate the radio frequency signal and keep the DC signal on, so as to realize the normal supply of DC control voltage for the first electric control switch 161, the second electric control switch 162, the third electric control switch 163 and the fourth electric control switch 164 At the same time, avoid the additional introduction of the first DC feeder 111, the second DC feeder 112, the third DC feeder 113, the fourth DC feeder 114 and the first DC conductor 51, the second DC conductor 52, the third DC conductor 53 1. The influence of the fourth direct current wire 54 on the radiation performance of the antenna.

The polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the embodiment of the present invention, the first group of chip capacitors 181, the second group of chip capacitors 182, the third group of chip capacitors 183, and the fourth group of chip capacitors 184 are used to The DC signal is isolated to realize independent control of the states of the first electric control switch 161, the second electric control switch 162, the third electric control switch 163, and the fourth electric control switch 164, while maintaining the continuity of the radio frequency signal.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the first electric control switch 161, the second electric control switch 162, the third electric control switch 163, and the fourth electric control switch 164 adopt the models of Infineon Corporation It is a diode switch of BAR50-02L, which controls its on-off through high and low levels.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna receives the feed signal through the feed port 4, excites the square substrate integrated waveguide resonator 31, and then passes through the metal patch on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 3 The rectangular groove 32 etched on the top couples and excites the antenna radiating element, so as to realize energy transmission and reception.

The polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes two parts: an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole, wherein the electric dipole consists of the first square patch 141, the second Square patch 142, third square patch 143, fourth square patch 144, first triangular patch 151, second triangular patch 152, third triangular patch 153, fourth triangular patch 154, magnetic couple The poles are composed of gaps between the first square patch 141, the second square patch 142, the third square patch 143, and the fourth square patch 144. The two sets of diode voltages are respectively controlled by two sets of voltages. Control the on and off of the switch, change the structure of the antenna radiation unit, so as to realize the reconfigurable polarization of the antenna. (1) When both groups of diode electric control switches are turned on, the antenna is only excited to the magnetic dipoles parallel to the rectangular slot 32 (i.e. the first square patch 141 and the second square patch 142, the third square patch sheet 143 and the gap between the fourth square patch 144), and electric dipoles (i.e. the first square patch 141, the second square patch 142, the third square patch 143, the fourth square patch 144 , the first triangular patch 151, the second triangular patch 152, the third triangular patch 153, and the fourth triangular patch 154), the radiation field phases of the two dipoles are equal, and the antenna has a line Radiation characteristics of polarization; (2) when two groups of diode electric control switches are opened in one group and closed in one group, the antenna is excited with the magnetic dipole and electric dipole parallel to the rectangular slot 32, and the magnetic dipole and the electric dipole are excited with the The magnetic dipoles parallel to the rectangular groove 32 (that is, the gap between the first square patch 141 and the fourth square patch 144, the second square patch 142 and the third square patch 143), finally form two positive At this time, the antenna has circularly polarized radiation characteristics. By exchanging and changing the states of the two sets of diode electronically controlled switches, the antenna can achieve left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization. switch between states. The following table lists the three polarization states that can be realized by the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention and the corresponding working states of the four diode switches. The composition structure of the antenna radiation unit in the three polarization states is shown in Fig. 7 .

The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with detailed embodiments.

As shown in Figure 6, taking a polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a central operating frequency of 5.5 GHz as an example, the relative permittivity of the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 3 used are both 2.33, which The thicknesses are 3.75mm and 0.787mm respectively, and the loss tangent is 0.0009. The size parameters of the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna are as follows: the side lengths of the first square patch 141, the second square patch 142, the third square patch 143, and the fourth square patch 144 are L=11mm, and the gap width between any two of them is S1=3mm, the first square patch 141 and the first triangular patch 151, the second square patch 142 and the second triangular patch 152, the second The gap width between the three square patch 143 and the third triangle patch 153, the fourth square patch 144 and the fourth triangle patch 154 is S2=0.5mm, the first triangle patch 151, the second triangle patch 152. The side length of the square area formed by the third triangular patch 153 and the fourth triangular patch 154 is P=5.5 mm,

The length of the bottom side of the first square metal cylinder 21, the second square metal cylinder 22, the third square metal cylinder 23 and the fourth square metal cylinder 24 is W=7mm, and the height is H=11mm. The length and width of the second dielectric substrate 3 are both G=54mm, the length of the rectangular groove 32 is Ls=27.5mm, the width is Ws=1.5mm, and the side length of the square substrate integrated waveguide resonator 31 is G2=34mm, forming The diameter of the metallized through-holes of the square substrate integrated waveguide resonator 31 is D=1mm, and the distance between two adjacent metallized through-holes is S=1.7mm, the feeding port 4 and the second dielectric substrate 3 The distance between centers is offset=6mm.

The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna of this embodiment is modeled and simulated in the commercial full-wave electromagnetic simulation software HFSS of Ansys Company.

Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are diagrams of simulation and actual measurement results of return loss and gain of the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in this embodiment under linear polarization and circular polarization states. It can be seen from the measured results in the figure that the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna has a bandwidth of 27.2% (4.77-6.27GHz) in the linear polarization state, and has 2.9% (5.07-6.32GHz) bandwidth, the return loss in the passband is lower than -10dB, and the gain in the passband is 8.2±0.4dBi in the state of line polarization, in the state of left-handed and right-handed circular polarization , the gain in the passband is 8.2±0.8dBi.

Fig. 10 is a graph showing the simulation and actual measurement results of the axial ratio of the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in two circular polarization states in this embodiment. From the measured results in the figure, it can be seen that the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna satisfies the bandwidth of 16 with the return loss less than -10dB and the axial ratio less than 3dB in the state of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. % (5.07-5.95GHz), fully covering the 5G band WiFi working bandwidth.

Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13 are the polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in this embodiment under the three polarization states of 5.2 GHz and 5.8 Simulated and measured radiation patterns for the xoz plane (left) and yoz plane (right) at GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the example polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna has the same radiation pattern in the three polarization states, and the antenna has non-directional radiation in each polarization state characteristics, cross-polarization are below -13dB.

In summary, the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna in the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low loss, wide bandwidth, high gain, high radiation efficiency, and convenient switching between three polarization states, etc. Advantages, the polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna is very suitable for modern wireless communication systems, especially the application of 5G frequency band WiFi systems.

Claims (10)

1. A polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna is characterized in that it comprises a square upper PCB board, a square lower PCB board, a feed port and 4 antenna elements, and the 4 antenna elements are centrally symmetrically arranged On the diagonal of the upper PCB board; the antenna unit includes a DC feeder, a small square patch, a large square patch, a triangular patch, an electric control switch, a DC wire, a capacitor and a square metal cylinder, and the small square patch is the upper The metal foil etched on the upper surface of the PCB board, the large square patch and the triangular patch are the metal foil etched on the lower surface of the upper PCB; the small square patch is arranged directly above the triangular patch, and the two are connected through metallized vias; The triangular patch is arranged on the inner side of the large square patch, and the two are connected by an electric control switch; the capacitor is connected between the triangular patch of the antenna unit and the triangular patch of the adjacent antenna unit, and the small square patch is connected to the DC through the DC feeder. Wire connection; the upper end of the square metal cylinder is connected to the large square patch, and the lower end is connected to the metal patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB; the lower PCB includes a square substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and a coupling groove, and the square substrate integrated waveguide resonator The cavity includes the lower PCB board, the patch on the lower surface and the square three-dimensional area surrounded by 4 rows of metallized through holes. The coupling groove is etched on the patch on the upper surface of the lower PCB. The inner conductor of the feed port is connected to the lower PCB board. Surface patch connection, the outer conductor is connected to the patch on the lower surface of the lower PCB. 2. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna unit includes an inductor, and the small square patch is connected to the DC feeder through the inductor. 3. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the triangular patch is an isosceles right triangle, and the angle bisector of the right angle of the isosceles right triangle and the diagonal of the upper PCB board The lines coincide, and one diagonal of the large square patch coincides with the diagonal of the upper PCB board; the shape of the large square patch is a cut corner rectangle, and the cut corner of the large square patch faces the triangular patch. 4. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the large square patch comprises a circular hole, the square metal cylinder comprises a vertical hole, and the circular hole and the vertical hole are coaxial The lower end of the square metal cylinder includes a horizontal hole, which communicates with the vertical hole; the four corners of the lower PCB board each include a wire hole, and the DC wire passes through the upper PCB board from top to bottom, and passes through the vertical hole of the square metal cylinder and The horizontal hole protrudes outward along the upper surface of the lower PCB, and then passes through the wire hole from top to bottom to connect with the DC power supply. 5. The polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the DC wire is connected to the positive pole of the DC power supply, and the patch on the lower surface of the lower PCB is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply. 6. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that the electronically controlled switch of the first antenna unit and the electrically controlled switch of the third antenna unit are controlled by a group of DC power supplies, and the first The electric control switch of the second antenna unit and the electric control switch of the fourth antenna unit are controlled by another group of DC power supply; the first antenna unit and the third antenna unit are arranged on a diagonal line of the upper PCB board, and the second antenna unit and the The fourth antenna unit is arranged on another diagonal line of the upper PCB board. 7. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the lower PCB board comprises 4 rows of metallized through holes, and 4 rows of metallized through holes form a square; the square substrate is integrated The waveguide resonator includes the patch on the lower PCB board, the lower surface, and the square three-dimensional area surrounded by the four rows of metallized through holes; the coupling slot is a rectangular slot, and the rectangular slot is located between the first antenna unit, the fourth antenna unit and the first antenna unit. Between the second antenna unit and the third antenna unit, the long axis of the rectangular slot is arranged on the central axis of a square surrounded by four rows of metallized through holes. 8. polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the length of rectangular slot is less than the length of every row of metallized through holes, greater than the length of upper PCB board; the width of rectangular slot Smaller than the spacing between adjacent large square patches. 9. The polarized reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the electronically controlled switch is a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the triangular patch, and the cathode is connected to the large square patch. 10. The polarization reconfigurable magnetoelectric dipole antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that when the electronically controlled switches of each antenna unit are all turned on, it is in a linearly polarized state; When the electric control switches of the two antenna units on the line are turned on, and the electric control switches of the two antenna units on the diagonal line of the second and fourth quadrants are all turned off, they are in the state of right-handed circular polarization; the first and third quadrants of the upper PCB board When the two electronically controlled switches of the antenna units on the diagonal line are turned off, and the electronically controlled switches of the two antenna units on the second and fourth quadrant diagonal lines are both turned on, they are in a state of left-handed circular polarization.