CN106287682B - A kind of subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler storage of the generator set quantization method - Google Patents
A kind of subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler storage of the generator set quantization method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
- F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
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Abstract
本发明属于工业锅炉性能运行状态分析的技术领域，涉及一种亚临界循环流化床锅炉机组蓄能量化方法。所述方法为：分别对CFB锅炉燃料侧和汽水侧蓄能建立模型，利用机组的历史数据确定燃料侧蓄能模型和汽水侧蓄能模型中的蓄能参数，根据确定蓄能参数后的燃料侧蓄能模型和汽水侧蓄能模型结合机组的实时数据对机组的蓄能进行观测。本发明提供一种亚临界循环流化床锅炉机组蓄能量化方法，能够明确CFB锅炉机组的动态过程中蓄能变迁情况，提高机组控制水平。
The invention belongs to the technical field of analyzing the performance and running state of industrial boilers, and relates to a method for quantifying the energy storage of a subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler unit. The method is as follows: respectively establish energy storage models for the fuel side and the steam-water side of the CFB boiler, use the historical data of the unit to determine the energy storage parameters in the fuel-side energy storage model and the steam-water side energy storage model, and according to the fuel after determining the energy storage parameters The side energy storage model and the steam-water side energy storage model combine the real-time data of the unit to observe the energy storage of the unit. The invention provides a method for quantifying the energy storage of a subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler unit, which can clarify the energy storage change in the dynamic process of the CFB boiler unit and improve the control level of the unit.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于工业锅炉性能运行状态分析的技术领域，涉及一种亚临界循环流化床锅炉机组蓄能量化方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of analyzing the performance and running state of industrial boilers, and relates to a method for quantifying the energy storage of a subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler unit.
背景技术Background technique
循环流化床(Circulating Fluidized Bed，CFB)燃烧技术是洁净煤技术中最具商业化潜力、污染排放控制成本最低的技术。同时，CFB燃烧技术煤种适应性强，是消纳大量煤矸石、煤泥的最有效手段。目前，我国CFB锅炉机组的装机约3000台，总投运容量约91000MW，占火电装机总容量的12.1％，超过了其他所有国家的CFB锅炉装备容量总和，其中亚临界机组占了99％以上。Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) combustion technology is the technology with the most commercialization potential and the lowest pollution emission control cost among clean coal technologies. At the same time, the coal type of CFB combustion technology has strong adaptability, and it is the most effective means to consume a large amount of coal gangue and coal slime. At present, the installed capacity of CFB boiler units in my country is about 3,000, with a total operating capacity of about 91,000MW, accounting for 12.1% of the total installed capacity of thermal power, exceeding the sum of CFB boiler equipment capacity in all other countries, of which subcritical units account for more than 99%.
随着大容量机组的不断增加和电网调度自动化程度的日益提高，要求大容量机组须按自动发电控制(Automatic Generation Control；AGC)方式运行，这就对电厂机组快速变负荷系统提出了新的要求。当前电网对CFB锅炉机组的负荷变化速率考核指标仅为1％，但仍有较多机组达不到这个标准，甚至很难投入协调控制系统。火电机组运行优化控制的核心内容之一就是充分挖掘并综合利用机组中的蓄能。普通煤粉炉机组整个热力系统内部储存了大量的热量，例如管道和加热器的金属热量、工质能量等。改变工质的流量、温度或者工作压力等可以存储或释放系统的蓄能，进而影响机组运行。With the continuous increase of large-capacity units and the increasing automation of power grid dispatching, large-capacity units are required to operate in the mode of Automatic Generation Control (AGC), which puts forward new requirements for the rapid load change system of power plant units . At present, the assessment index of the load change rate of the CFB boiler unit by the power grid is only 1%, but there are still many units that cannot meet this standard, and it is even difficult to put into a coordinated control system. One of the core contents of the optimal control of thermal power unit operation is to fully tap and comprehensively utilize the energy storage in the unit. A large amount of heat is stored in the entire thermal system of ordinary pulverized coal furnace units, such as metal heat of pipes and heaters, working medium energy, etc. Changing the flow rate, temperature or working pressure of the working fluid can store or release the energy stored in the system, thereby affecting the operation of the unit.
CFB锅炉中燃烧放热来自存在于床料中并不断循环的大量未燃烬碳，而不像煤粉炉，来自瞬时加入的燃料。CFB锅炉复杂的燃烧方式，不但增加了锅炉的惯性、迟延，也对运行控制带来了巨大的挑战。但另一方面，CFB锅炉特殊的流态化燃烧方式使得燃料侧的蓄能十分可观，若能深入分析、量化CFB机组燃料侧及汽水侧的蓄能，可为CFB锅炉机组优化运行指引方向，实时确定机组动态过程中的能量变迁情况，提升CFB锅炉机组控制水平。The combustion exotherm in a CFB boiler comes from the large amount of unburned ember coal that exists in the bed material and circulates continuously, unlike the pulverized coal furnace, which comes from the fuel added instantaneously. The complex combustion method of the CFB boiler not only increases the inertia and delay of the boiler, but also brings great challenges to the operation control. But on the other hand, the special fluidized combustion method of CFB boiler makes the energy storage on the fuel side very considerable. If the energy storage on the fuel side and the steam-water side of the CFB unit can be deeply analyzed and quantified, it can guide the direction for the optimal operation of the CFB boiler unit. Real-time determination of energy changes in the dynamic process of the unit to improve the control level of the CFB boiler unit.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，提供一种亚临界循环流化床锅炉机组蓄能量化方法，能够明确CFB锅炉机组的动态过程中蓄能变迁情况，提高机组控制水平，其特征在于，所述系统包括：The purpose of the present invention is to provide a subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler unit energy storage energy quantification method, which can clarify the energy storage transition in the dynamic process of the CFB boiler unit and improve the control level of the unit. It is characterized in that the system includes:
数据选取与预处理模块；Data selection and preprocessing module;
CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块；CFB boiler fuel side energy storage quantization module;
CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块；CFB boiler steam-water side storage quantization module;
CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块；CFB boiler energy storage observation module;
DCS系统与数据库。DCS system and database.
所述DCS系统与数据库将机组运行的历史数据传输给所述数据选取与预处理模块；所述数据选取与预处理模块对历史数据处理，选合适的计算支撑数据传输给所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块、CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块；所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块、CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块建立蓄能方程，并利用计算数据计算机组蓄能传输给与所述CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块。The DCS system and the database transmit the historical data of unit operation to the data selection and preprocessing module; the data selection and preprocessing module processes the historical data, selects appropriate calculation support data and transmits it to the fuel side of the CFB boiler The energy storage quantization module and the CFB boiler steam-water side storage quantization module; the CFB boiler fuel side storage quantization module and the CFB boiler steam-water side storage quantization module establish an energy storage equation, and use the calculation data to computer group energy storage transmission to give all Describe CFB boiler energy storage observation module.
具体技术方案如下：The specific technical scheme is as follows:
一种亚临界循环流化床锅炉机组蓄能量化方法，所述方法为：分别对CFB锅炉燃料侧和汽水侧蓄能建立模型，利用机组的历史数据确定燃料侧蓄能模型和汽水侧蓄能模型中的蓄能参数，根据确定蓄能参数后的燃料侧蓄能模型和汽水侧蓄能模型结合机组的实时数据对机组的蓄能进行观测。A method for quantifying energy storage of a subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler unit, the method comprising: establishing models for energy storage on the fuel side and steam-water side of a CFB boiler respectively, and determining the energy storage model on the fuel side and the energy storage on the steam-water side by using the historical data of the unit For the energy storage parameters in the model, the energy storage of the unit is observed according to the fuel side energy storage model and the steam water side energy storage model combined with the real-time data of the unit after the energy storage parameters are determined.
进一步地，所述方法中对CFB锅炉燃料侧和汽水侧蓄能建立模型分别由CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块、CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块实现，机组的历史数据由数据选取与预处理模块从DCS系统与数据库中选取，对机组的蓄能进行观测由CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块实现。Further, in the method, the energy storage models on the fuel side and the steam-water side of the CFB boiler are respectively realized by the energy storage quantization module on the fuel side of the CFB boiler and the energy storage quantization module on the steam-water side of the CFB boiler. The historical data of the unit is selected and preprocessed The module is selected from the DCS system and database, and the energy storage observation of the unit is realized by the CFB boiler energy storage observation module.
进一步地，所述DCS系统与数据库将机组与所述数据选取与预处理模块连接，所述数据选取与预处理模块同时与所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块和CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块连接，所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块、CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块与所述CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块连接，所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块与所述CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块双向连接；所述DCS系统与数据库将机组运行的历史数据传输给所述数据选取与预处理模块；所述DCS系统与数据库将机组实时运行数据传输给所述CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块；所述CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块将CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块、CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块中的结果整合，结合机组实时运行数据对机组的蓄能进行观测。Further, the DCS system and the database connect the unit with the data selection and preprocessing module, and the data selection and preprocessing module simultaneously communicates with the CFB boiler fuel side storage quantization module and the CFB boiler steam water side storage quantification module Module connection, the CFB boiler fuel side storage quantification module, the CFB boiler steam water side storage quantification module are connected to the CFB boiler energy storage observation module, the CFB boiler fuel side storage quantification module is connected to the CFB boiler steam water side The storage quantization module is bidirectionally connected; the DCS system and the database transmit the historical data of unit operation to the data selection and preprocessing module; the DCS system and the database transmit the real-time operation data of the unit to the CFB boiler energy storage observation module; the CFB boiler energy storage observation module integrates the results of the CFB boiler fuel side storage quantization module and the CFB boiler steam water side storage quantification module, and combines the real-time operation data of the unit to observe the energy storage of the unit.
进一步地，包括以下步骤：Further, the following steps are included:
步骤1)利用所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块建立CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能模型；Step 1) Establishing a CFB boiler fuel side energy storage model by using the CFB boiler fuel side energy storage quantization module;
步骤2)利用所述CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块建立CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能模型；Step 2) Establishing a CFB boiler steam-water side energy storage model by using the CFB boiler steam-water side energy storage quantization module;
步骤3)利用所述数据选取与预处理模块从DCS系统与数据库中选取不同负荷段下机组负荷动态变化较为频繁的历史运行数据；所述机组负荷动态变化较为频繁是指机组负荷的改变大于机组额定负荷的10％-20％；Step 3) Use the data selection and preprocessing module to select from the DCS system and the database the historical operating data with frequent dynamic changes in unit load under different load segments; 10%-20% of rated load;
步骤4)，将步骤3)中选取的数据与根据步骤1)、步骤2)建立CFB锅炉燃料侧及汽水侧蓄能模型结合确定不同负荷段下蓄能模型中的参数，确定蓄能能力得到确定蓄能参数后的燃料侧蓄能模型和汽水侧蓄能模型；Step 4), combine the data selected in step 3) with the fuel-side and steam-water side energy storage models of the CFB boiler established according to step 1) and step 2) to determine the parameters in the energy storage model under different load segments, and determine the energy storage capacity to obtain The energy storage model on the fuel side and the energy storage model on the steam-water side after the energy storage parameters are determined;
步骤5)所述CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块根据步骤4)中得到的确定蓄能参数后的燃料侧蓄能模型和汽水侧蓄能模型，结合实时数据对机组的蓄能进行观测。Step 5) The CFB boiler energy storage observation module observes the energy storage of the unit according to the fuel-side energy storage model and the steam-water side energy storage model after the energy storage parameters are determined in step 4) combined with real-time data.
进一步地，所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能模型为：Further, the fuel side energy storage model of the CFB boiler is:
式中CB为即燃碳蓄热系数，MJ/kg；B为炉膛内未燃烧的残碳质量，kg；ηb为锅炉热效率，％；H为残碳单位发热量值，MJ/kg；QF为入炉给煤量热值，MJ/s；Qr为锅炉吸热量，MJ/s。In the formula, C B is the heat storage coefficient of instant carbon, MJ/kg; B is the mass of unburned residual carbon in the furnace, kg; ηb is the thermal efficiency of the boiler, %; H is the unit calorific value of residual carbon, MJ/kg; Q F is the calorific value of coal fed into the furnace, MJ/s; Q r is the heat absorbed by the boiler, MJ/s.
构建的CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能模型中In the constructed CFB boiler fuel side energy storage model
QF＝FHF (2)Q F ＝FH F (2)
式中F为给煤量，kg/s；HF为煤的实时单位发热量值，MJ/kg。In the formula, F is the amount of coal supplied, kg/s; H F is the real-time unit calorific value of coal, MJ/kg.
进一步地，所述CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能模型为：Further, the steam-water side energy storage model of the CFB boiler is:
式中Cb定义为汽包蓄热系数，MJ/Mpa；pd为锅炉汽包压力，Mpa；Qr为锅炉吸热量，MJ/s；qf和qd分别为给水流量和主蒸汽流量，kg/s；hf和hd分别为给水焓值和主蒸汽焓值，MJ/kg。In the formula, C b is defined as the drum heat storage coefficient, MJ/Mpa; p d is the boiler drum pressure, Mpa; Q r is the boiler heat absorption, MJ/s; q f and q d are the feed water flow and main steam Flow rate, kg/s; h f and h d are feedwater enthalpy and main steam enthalpy, MJ/kg, respectively.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)针对CFB锅炉独特的燃烧方式，对其炉膛内可观的燃料侧蓄能进行了系统建模和量化方法，克服了CFB锅炉蓄热无法通过有效的实验仪器进行在线测量的难题。(1) Aiming at the unique combustion mode of CFB boilers, a systematic modeling and quantification method is carried out for the considerable fuel side energy storage in the furnace, which overcomes the problem that the heat storage of CFB boilers cannot be measured online by effective experimental instruments.
(2)该方法适应于不同炉型、容量的亚临界CFB机组，方便工程应用。(2) This method is suitable for subcritical CFB units with different furnace types and capacities, which is convenient for engineering application.
(3)完全通过机理分析进行控制策略优化完成，没有增加任何硬件设备，在节约成本的同时达到了良好的效果，为亚临界CFB锅炉的运行优化提供了基础。(3) The optimization of the control strategy is completed completely through mechanism analysis without adding any hardware equipment, which achieves good results while saving costs, and provides a basis for the operation optimization of subcritical CFB boilers.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1、一种亚临界循环流化床锅炉机组蓄能量化方法框架图；Fig. 1. A frame diagram of a subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler storage energy quantification method;
图2、实施例一机组运行过程中亚临界循环流化床机组运行曲线。Fig. 2, the operating curve of the subcritical circulating fluidized bed unit during the operation of the unit in Example 1.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例一Embodiment one
一种亚临界循环流化床锅炉机组蓄能量化方法，包括以下步骤：A method for quantifying the energy storage of a subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler unit, comprising the following steps:
S1利用所述CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能量化模块建立CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能模型；S1 uses the fuel side energy storage quantization module of the CFB boiler to establish a CFB boiler fuel side energy storage model;
S2利用所述CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能量化模块建立CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能模型；S2 establishes a CFB boiler steam-water side energy storage model by using the CFB boiler steam-water side energy storage quantization module;
S3利用所述数据选取与预处理模块，选取不同负荷段下机组负荷动态变化较为频繁的历史运行数据；S3 uses the data selection and preprocessing module to select historical operating data with relatively frequent load dynamic changes of the unit under different load segments;
S4根据步骤S1、S2建立CFB锅炉燃料侧及汽水侧蓄能模型，利用步骤S3中选取的数据得到不同负荷段下蓄能模型中的参数，确定蓄能能力；S4 establishes energy storage models on the fuel side and steam-water side of the CFB boiler according to steps S1 and S2, uses the data selected in step S3 to obtain parameters in the energy storage models under different load segments, and determines the energy storage capacity;
S5所述CFB锅炉蓄能观测模块根据步骤S4中得到的蓄能参数等，结合实时数据对机组的蓄能进行观测。The energy storage observation module of the CFB boiler described in S5 observes the energy storage of the unit according to the energy storage parameters obtained in step S4 and combined with real-time data.
所述步骤S1中CFB锅炉燃料侧蓄能模型为：The fuel side energy storage model of the CFB boiler in the step S1 is:
式中CB为即燃碳蓄热系数，MJ/kg；B(t)为炉膛内未燃烧的残碳质量，kg；ηb为锅炉热效率，％；H为残碳单位发热量值，MJ/kg；QF为入炉给煤量热值，MJ/s；Qr为锅炉吸热量，MJ/s。In the formula, C B is the heat storage coefficient of instant carbon, MJ/kg; B(t) is the mass of unburned residual carbon in the furnace, kg; ηb is the thermal efficiency of the boiler, %; H is the unit calorific value of residual carbon, MJ /kg; Q F is the calorific value of coal fed into the furnace, MJ/s; Q r is the heat absorbed by the boiler, MJ/s.
其中in
QF＝FHF (2)Q F ＝FH F (2)
式中F(t)为给煤量，kg/s；HF为煤的实时单位发热量值，MJ/kg。In the formula, F(t) is the coal feed rate, kg/s; HF is the real-time unit calorific value of coal, MJ/kg.
在控制系统回路中用实发功率信号与实际给煤量来自动地校正燃料发热量：In the control system loop, the actual power signal and the actual coal supply are used to automatically correct the fuel calorific value:
式中W(t)为t时刻机组的发电功率，MW。In the formula, W(t) is the generating power of the unit at time t, in MW.
循环流化床锅炉燃烧过程中，送入炉膛的燃料，一部分通过燃烧释放热量，一部分累计在锅炉内未燃烧保存在炉膛，一部分随着排渣、飞灰排放不参与燃烧。根据质量守恒可计算得到炉膛内未燃烧的残碳质量：During the combustion process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, part of the fuel fed into the furnace releases heat through combustion, part of which is accumulated in the boiler without burning and stored in the furnace, and part of the fuel that is discharged along with slag and fly ash does not participate in combustion. According to mass conservation, the mass of unburned residual carbon in the furnace can be calculated:
式中Car为煤的收到基碳质量份额，％；RC为碳总体燃烧反应速率，kg/s；D(t)为炉膛排渣量，kg/s；Car1为排渣平均含碳量，％；根据工程经验，假设Car、Car1为常数，飞灰含碳量忽略不计。In the formula, Car ar is the mass fraction of received carbon in coal, %; R C is the overall carbon combustion reaction rate, kg/s; D(t) is the amount of slag discharged from the furnace, kg/s; Car ar1 is the average content of slag discharged Carbon content, %; according to engineering experience, it is assumed that Car and Car1 are constant, and the carbon content of fly ash is negligible.
循环流化床锅炉燃烧过程释放的热量与参与燃烧的燃料量成正比，参与燃烧的燃料量与炉膛内未燃烧残碳质量的燃烧速度Rc相关，是流化床炉膛内未燃烧残碳的总质量、床温、氧气浓度的函数：The heat released during the combustion process of a circulating fluidized bed boiler is directly proportional to the amount of fuel involved in combustion, and the amount of fuel involved in combustion is related to the burning rate R c of the mass of unburned residual carbon in the furnace, which is the proportion of unburned residual carbon in the fluidized bed furnace. Function of total mass, bed temperature, oxygen concentration:
式中：MC为碳的摩尔质量，单位为kg/kmol；kc为碳颗粒的燃烧速率常数；CO2为氧气浓度，单位为kmol/m3；dc为碳颗粒平均直径，单位为m；ρc为碳颗粒的密度，单位为kg/m3；In the formula: M C is the molar mass of carbon, the unit is kg/kmol; k c is the combustion rate constant of carbon particles; C O2 is the oxygen concentration, the unit is kmol/m 3 ; d c is the average diameter of carbon particles, the unit is m; ρ c is the density of carbon particles, the unit is kg/m 3 ;
La Nauze综合实际情况，重点考虑温度对碳颗粒燃烧速度的影响，根据实践总结得到了循环流化床锅炉中碳颗粒燃烧速率常数kc的表达式：Based on the actual situation, La Nauze focused on the influence of temperature on the combustion rate of carbon particles, and obtained the expression of the combustion rate constant k c of carbon particles in circulating fluidized bed boilers based on practice:
kc＝0.513Texp(-9160/T) (7)k c ＝0.513Texp(-9160/T) (7)
式中：T为炉膛床温，单位为K；In the formula: T is the furnace bed temperature, the unit is K;
碳颗粒氧气浓度在控制系统中可以近似取平均值，由入炉总风量PM(t)决定，其表达式为：The oxygen concentration of carbon particles can be approximately averaged in the control system, which is determined by the total air volume PM(t) entering the furnace, and its expression is:
式中：ko2为总风量PM(t)与氧气浓度的相关系数，取值范围0.0040～0.0060，一般取0.0050；PM(t)为总风量，单位为Nm3/s。In the formula: ko 2 is the correlation coefficient between the total air volume PM(t) and oxygen concentration, the value range is 0.0040~0.0060, generally 0.0050; PM(t) is the total air volume, the unit is Nm 3 /s.
所述步骤S2中CFB锅炉汽水侧蓄能模型为：The steam-water side energy storage model of the CFB boiler in the step S2 is:
式中Cb为汽包蓄热系数，MJ/Mpa；pd为锅炉汽包压力，Mpa；Qr为锅炉吸热量，MJ/s；qf和qd分别为给水流量和主蒸汽流量，kg/s；hf和hd分别为给水焓值和主蒸汽焓值，MJ/kg。In the formula, C b is the drum heat storage coefficient, MJ/Mpa; p d is the boiler drum pressure, Mpa; Q r is the boiler heat absorption, MJ/s; q f and q d are the feed water flow and main steam flow respectively , kg/s; h f and h d are feedwater enthalpy and main steam enthalpy, MJ/kg, respectively.
所述步骤S4，对于蓄能方程中的参数，锅炉热效率ηb一般在90～92％；残碳的单位发热量H一般取值29.5～30MJ/kg；汽包蓄热系数Cb可由机组稳态工况下的运行数据带入式(9)得到，300MW亚临界CFB机组中低负荷阶段150MW～200MW为3200～3000MJ/Mpa，在高负荷阶段200MW～300MW为3000～2800MJ/Mpa。In said step S4, for the parameters in the energy storage equation, the boiler thermal efficiency η b is generally 90-92%; the unit calorific value H of residual carbon is generally 29.5-30MJ/kg; the steam drum heat storage coefficient C b can be stabilized by the unit Putting the operating data under normal working conditions into formula (9), the 300MW subcritical CFB unit is 3200-3000MJ/Mpa in the low-load stage of 150MW-200MW, and 3000-2800MJ/Mpa in the high-load stage of 200MW-300MW.
以大唐某300MW亚临界中间再热CFB机组为例，结合现场运行过程，量化分析该亚临界CFB锅炉机组燃料侧及汽水侧蓄能。Taking a 300MW subcritical intermediate reheat CFB unit in Datang as an example, combined with the field operation process, quantitatively analyzed the energy storage on the fuel side and steam water side of the subcritical CFB boiler unit.
将实际负荷跟踪到位且AGC基本不变的工况段称为平稳阶段，其余为动态阶段。如图2所示，机组在100分钟内AGC指令升降频繁，各主要运行参数都在合理范围内。汽包蓄能系数Cb特性和计算方法如式(9)所示，可得图2运行负荷下Cb为2800MJ/MPa，汽包压力波动范围±1Mpa，汽包压力变化速率最快为0.12MPa/min，平稳阶段与动态阶段差异较小，汽水侧蓄能最大变化速率约336MJ/min，汽水侧蓄能最大过程变化量为2800MJ。炉内残碳热值取30MJ/kg，锅炉效率为91％，蓄热系数CB为27.3MJ/kg。动态阶段相同负荷下，炉内残碳量波动值达到1600kg，变化速率最快为315kg/min，并能维持4min；平稳阶段，炉内残碳量波动值为±400kg，变化速率一般在10～50kg/min。上述动态阶段，燃料侧蓄能变化速率约8600MJ/min，燃料侧蓄能最大过程变化量为43680MJ。上述平稳阶段，燃料侧蓄能变化速率约273～1365MJ/min，燃料侧蓄能最大过程变化量为10920MJ。The section where the actual load is tracked in place and the AGC is basically unchanged is called the steady stage, and the rest are dynamic stages. As shown in Figure 2, the AGC command of the unit is frequently raised and lowered within 100 minutes, and all main operating parameters are within a reasonable range. The characteristics and calculation method of the steam drum energy storage coefficient C b are shown in formula (9). It can be obtained that C b under the operating load in Figure 2 is 2800MJ/MPa, the drum pressure fluctuation range is ±1Mpa, and the fastest change rate of the steam drum pressure is 0.12 MPa/min, the difference between the steady stage and the dynamic stage is small, the maximum change rate of the steam-water side energy storage is about 336MJ/min, and the maximum process change of the steam-water side energy storage is 2800MJ. The calorific value of residual carbon in the furnace is 30MJ/kg, the boiler efficiency is 91%, and the heat storage coefficient C B is 27.3MJ/kg. Under the same load in the dynamic stage, the fluctuation value of residual carbon in the furnace reaches 1600kg, and the fastest change rate is 315kg/min, which can be maintained for 4 minutes; in the stable stage, the fluctuation value of residual carbon in the furnace is ±400kg, and the change rate is generally 10~ 50kg/min. In the above dynamic stage, the change rate of energy storage on the fuel side is about 8600MJ/min, and the maximum process change of energy storage on the fuel side is 43680MJ. In the above-mentioned stable stage, the change rate of energy storage on the fuel side is about 273-1365MJ/min, and the maximum process change of energy storage on the fuel side is 10920MJ.
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