CN106282512B - Low noise level transformer orientation silicon steel piece making method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low noise level transformer orientation silicon steel piece making method, and it uses indentation processing mode in the groove of the single or double formation given shape of silicon steel sheet；The bottom surface of groove is parallel with silicon steel sheet surface or less parallel, and trench wall is unilateral or the angle of more sides and maximum absolute value in Normal plane angle is defined as angle theta, angle theta scope be more than or equal to 60 °, less than 0 °, each side angle theta is identical or different；The Normal plane refers to the plane perpendicular with silicon steel sheet rolling direction.The indentation processing mode is arranged on before or after decarburizing annealing, or after the high-temperature anneal, or after the smooth annealing of insulating coating.It is not less than 2.0 × 10 using with pulse Instantaneous peak power density6W/mm2Pulse laser beam surface of silicon steel process, laser inject gross energy between 0.002J/mm~1.3J/mm.The grain-oriented Si steel sheet iron loss that the method for the present invention manufactures is low, and performance does not deteriorate after stress relief annealing, and the horizontal reduction of the transformer noise under equal manufacture and test condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an oriented silicon steel sheet for a low-noise transformer, in particular to a method for manufacturing an indented oriented silicon steel sheet for a low-loss and low-noise transformer.
Background
In recent years, global energy and environment problems are increasingly prominent, and the requirements for energy conservation and consumption reduction are increasing. At present, the loss of the transformer is about 40% in the power transmission system, wherein the loss of the iron core made of the oriented silicon steel material is about 20% of the total loss. Core loss is often referred to simply as core loss. Therefore, the method has great economic and social benefits for reducing the iron loss of the oriented silicon steel. In addition, transformer noise caused by silicon steel sheet magnetostriction, magnetic line distortion and other factors is also attracting attention, and reducing the transformer noise level is also an important direction for improving the performance of oriented silicon steel.
The oriented silicon steel is named by the fact that the easy magnetization method of steel plate grains is close to the rolling direction of strip steel. In the easy magnetization direction of the oriented silicon steel, excellent magnetic performance can be obtained, and the oriented silicon steel has high magnetic conductivity and low iron loss, so the oriented silicon steel is particularly suitable for manufacturing transformers in power transmission. The magnetic permeability of the oriented silicon steel is generally characterized by B8, namely the magnetic flux density of a silicon steel sheet is represented by unit T under an excitation magnetic field of 800A/m; the iron loss is generally characterized by P17/50, namely, under an alternating current excitation field of 50Hz, the invalid electric energy consumed by the magnetization of the silicon steel sheet when the magnetic flux density in the strip steel reaches 1.7T, and the iron loss of the unit W/kg. oriented silicon steel sheet comprises three parts of hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and abnormal eddy current loss: the magnetic hysteresis loss is energy loss caused by hysteresis phenomenon that magnetic induction intensity lags behind magnetic field intensity change due to the fact that factors such as impurities, crystal defects, internal stress, crystal orientation and the like in a material block the movement of a domain wall and magnetic flux change is blocked in the magnetization and anti-magnetization processes of a magnetic material; the eddy current loss is energy loss caused by eddy current caused by local electromotive force induced by magnetic flux change in the alternating magnetization process of the oriented silicon steel sheet and is related to the conductivity and the thickness of the silicon steel sheet; the abnormal eddy current loss is an energy loss caused by a difference in magnetic domain results when the silicon steel sheet is magnetized, and is mainly affected by the width of the magnetic domain.
The magnetic domain structure is a result of a magnetic domain arrangement that is spontaneously formed in the ferromagnetic crystal to reduce the magnetostatic energy of the system. The Magnetic domain structure in the silicon steel sheet without external Magnetic field is mainly 180 degree Magnetic domains arranged parallel to each other, which is parallel to the easy magnetization direction {110} <001> of the crystal grain, as indicated in the literature (Yoshiyuki Ushigami, Masato Mizokami, MasahiroFujikura, Takeshi Kutoba, Hiroyasu Fujii, Kenichi Murakami, Recentredlater of low-low grain-oriented silicon steel step, Journal of Magnetic Material 254-255(2003) 307-. Magnetic domain walls of several tens to several hundreds atomic layers exist between adjacent magnetic domains. The unification of adjacent magnetic domain directions is realized through the movement of the magnetic domain wall in the magnetization process, and the magnetic conduction function is realized. The width of the magnetic domain directly affects the abnormal eddy current loss of the silicon steel sheet, and further affects the overall iron loss performance of the silicon steel sheet. The refinement of magnetic domain, namely the reduction of the width of the magnetic domain, is an important method for reducing the iron loss of the silicon steel sheet.
At present, the main methods for improving the iron loss and noise level of the oriented silicon steel sheet are as follows:
1. the metallurgical method comprises the following steps: through the optimization of a component system and process parameters, a perfect secondary recrystallization structure is obtained, and the orientation degree is improved;
2. tension control: the tension of the coating on the surface of the substrate is improved, magnetic domains are refined, and iron loss and magnetostriction are reduced;
3. surface scoring: continuous or discontinuous score lines with a certain interval are applied on the surface of the silicon steel along the rolling direction by means of laser, electron beams, plasma and the like, stress or strain is applied to refine magnetic domains, and the iron loss is reduced.
In recent years, the degree of orientation has been raised to a very high level by metallurgical means, with the average level of orientation deviation angles of crystal grains in Hi-B steel being below 5 °. Therefore, the emphasis on improving the performance of silicon steel sheets has been focused on the improvement of the tensile coating and scoring process.
The magnetic domain can be thinned by notching the surface of the silicon steel, so that the iron loss is reduced. Scoring techniques can be divided into two categories depending on the effect of the scoring: one is annealing nick which is not resistant to eliminating stress, and a linear thermal stress area is formed on the surface of a silicon steel sheet at a certain interval by means of laser, plasma beam, electron beam and the like, so that a sub-magnetic domain appears around the area, the width of a main magnetic domain is reduced, and the purpose of reducing iron loss is achieved. The magnetic domain refining effect of the method disappears along with stress relief after stress relief annealing, and the iron loss returns to the original level, so the method can only be used for manufacturing iron core products without stress relief annealing, such as laminated iron cores; the other type is stress relief annealing nick resistance, the current technical means comprises machinery, laser beams, electrochemical corrosion and the like, a linear strain region, namely a linear groove, is formed on the surface of the oriented silicon steel sheet, so that the energy of a system around the strain region is redistributed, the width of a main magnetic domain is reduced, and the effect of reducing the iron loss is realized.
The oriented silicon steel is produced through the processes of iron making, steel making, continuous casting, hot rolling, cold rolling once or twice including intermediate annealing, and rolling to obtain silicon steel sheet with certain Si content. The silicon steel sheet is subjected to decarburization annealing and high-temperature annealing in sequence, a silicon steel sheet with a Gaussian texture is formed through secondary recrystallization, and the oriented silicon steel sheet is prepared through hot stretching leveling annealing, coating and baking processes. The oriented silicon steel sheet has the characteristics of high magnetic induction and low iron loss, and can be applied to the manufacturing of transformer cores.
In order to further reduce the iron loss of the oriented silicon steel sheet, the techniques disclosed in U.S. Pat. nos. US7442260B2 and US5241151A, etc. apply a micro linear thermal stress region approximately perpendicular to the rolling direction on the surface of the finished silicon steel sheet by means of laser or electron beam, and the stress causes 90-degree magnetic domains perpendicular to the rolling direction to be generated in micro-regions inside the material, and the 90-degree magnetic domains cause the 180-degree magnetic domains to be reduced in width, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the iron loss. The product is widely applied to the manufacture of the laminated core transformer. In another type of transformer, a wound core transformer, because the core of the wound core transformer generates internal stress during the winding process, the internal stress can increase the iron loss of the silicon steel sheet, and therefore, stress relief annealing must be performed after the wound core is manufactured to achieve the effects of low loss and high magnetic flux density. However, the grain-oriented silicon steel sheet processed by the linear stress region domain-refining technique is not suitable for the manufacture of a wound core transformer because the domain-refining effect disappears as the stress disappears after the stress-relief annealing.
Another method for refining magnetic domain and reducing iron loss is to form linear grooves or pits on the surface of the oriented silicon steel sheet, wherein the magnetic permeability of the grooves or pits is low, and free magnetic poles are formed on the inner wall of the nicks. The generation of free magnetic poles enables the static magnetic energy of the system to rise, the width of a magnetic domain is spontaneously reduced, and the magnetic domain is refined. Due to the existence of the grooves, the magnetic domain refining effect can be still maintained after stress relief annealing, so the oriented silicon steel sheet manufactured by the technology is suitable for manufacturing the wound iron core transformer, and the technology is generally called as heat-resistant nicking technology.
In the existing heat-resistant scoring technology, such as the technology disclosed in patents US7063780 and US5085411, a series of grooves are formed on the surface of a steel plate by adopting a chemical erosion or tooth roll mode, the cross section of each groove is in a shape of a semi-ellipse, a triangle or a trapezoid, wherein the length of the bottom of each groove is smaller than the length of an opening on the surface of the steel plate, and the iron loss reduction effect is obvious. However, since the magnetic permeability of the groove is much smaller than that of the base body, leakage flux is formed at the position during magnetization, and the existence of the free magnetic pole causes magnetic lines of force to be always perpendicular to the side wall of the groove, and the magnetic lines of force are warped at the moment, as shown in fig. 1. The magnetic force lines bending upwards generate magnetic effect between the adjacent silicon steel sheets, and magnetic oscillation is formed during alternating current magnetization, so that the noise of the manufactured transformer is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oriented silicon steel sheet for a low-noise transformer and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the manufacturing method can refine the magnetic domain of the oriented silicon steel sheet, remarkably reduce the iron loss and reduce the noise level of the manufactured transformer.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for manufacturing an oriented silicon steel sheet for a low-noise transformer comprises the steps of forming a groove with a specific shape on one side or two sides of a silicon steel sheet in an indentation processing mode; the bottom surface of the groove is parallel or approximately parallel to the surface of the silicon steel sheet, the angle with the largest absolute value in the included angles between one side or multiple sides of the inner wall of the groove and the normal plane is defined as an included angle theta, the included angle theta ranges from greater than or equal to-60 degrees to less than 0 degree, and the included angles theta of all the side edges are the same or different;
the normal plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the rolling direction of the silicon steel sheet.
The included angle theta of the groove, the thickness t of the processed silicon steel sheet, the depth d of the groove and the rolling direction width w of the groove satisfy the following relational expression:
the cross section of the plane formed by the grooves, the rolling direction and the normal direction is in any one or combination of more of arc, triangle, trapezoid, oblique quadrangle and inverted trapezoid.
The groove condition suitable for refining the magnetic domain of the silicon steel sheet to reduce the iron loss without remarkably reducing the magnetic induction is as follows: the rolling direction width of the groove is between 5 and 300 mu m, the depth of the groove is between 5 and 60 mu m, the indentation rolling direction distance is between 1 and 30mm, and the transverse included angle between the indentation line and the steel plate is less than 30 degrees.
The nicking processing mode is one or a combination of more of electrochemistry, tooth rollers, high-pressure water beams and laser processing.
The laser generation pump source type of the laser processing mode is CO2One or a combination of a plurality of lasers, solid lasers and fiber lasers.
The laser is pulseLaser beam with average single pulse instantaneous peak power density not lower than 2.0 × 106W/mm2。
The total energy of the pulse laser injected into the groove in unit length is not less than 0.002J/mm at the lowest and not more than 1.3J/mm at the highest.
The notch processing mode is arranged before decarburization annealing, after high-temperature annealing or after insulating coating flattening annealing; the general manufacturing process of the silicon steel sheet is that the oriented silicon steel is subjected to iron making, steel making and continuous casting, then hot rolling, cold rolling for one time or two times including intermediate annealing, rolling to the final thickness, decarburization annealing, surface coating of MgO type separant, high-temperature annealing to form complete secondary recrystallization, and finally final annealing and coating of an insulating coating to form the finished oriented silicon steel.
The research of the invention finds that the noise of the transformer caused by the silicon steel sheet mainly comes from two aspects: one is the magnetostriction effect of the silicon steel sheet, so that the silicon steel sheet can be alternately stretched in an alternating magnetic field, and noise is generated; the other is the magnetic force action when the silicon steel sheet is magnetized, so that the sheet-to-sheet oscillation is caused. Research shows that the transformer with iron core of oriented silicon steel sheet with thinned heat resisting magnetic domain has easy magnetic oscillation effect to increase noise. The research of the invention finds that: the groove shape of the silicon steel sheet containing the indented groove has a correlation with the noise of the transformer.
The invention forms the groove with special shape on the single surface or the double surfaces of the silicon steel sheet by adopting the nick processing mode, and can refine the magnetic domain of the oriented silicon steel sheet, obviously reduce the iron loss and reduce the noise level of the manufactured transformer.
The silicon steel sheet manufactured by the method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low-noise transformer can still maintain the notch improving effect after stress relief annealing, has excellent magnetic performance and has wide application space in the field of manufacturing of wound iron core transformers. Meanwhile, the silicon steel sheet is particularly suitable for manufacturing low-noise transformers due to the constraint effect of the grooves on magnetic lines.
The scoring method, particularly the laser scoring method adopting ultrahigh single-pulse instantaneous power density, has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and maintenance, no obvious side effect on the environment and good applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of magnetic flux at a conventional thermal notch groove;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the magnetic flux in the diagonal quadrilateral groove of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a method of negative θ angle definition according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a method of positive θ angle definition according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the trench configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic cross-sectional view of an indentation groove of an oriented silicon steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a required range of a groove angle conversion relation according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic of the average single pulse instantaneous peak power density requirement of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of the total energy range requirements of the laser of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
The grain-oriented silicon steel is known as an electrical steel sheet having a constant silicon content because its internal crystal grains have a gaussian texture in substantially the same direction, and its easy magnetization direction is substantially the same as the rolling direction in the manufacturing process. The magnetic domain with 180 degrees which is the same as the easy magnetization direction of the crystal grains exists in the steel plate, and the magnetic pole in the steel plate realizes quick rotation through the movement of the magnetic domain wall in the alternating current magnetization process, so the magnetic-inductive transformer has good magnetic-inductive performance, can achieve very high magnetic induction under small magnetization force, has very low iron loss, and is high in magnetic-inductive efficiency and low in iron loss. The iron loss measurement index is P17/50, namely, the loss value generated in the oriented silicon steel sheet when the magnetic flux density reaches 1.7T under the condition of alternating current excitation with the frequency of 50Hz, and the size of the loss value is positively related to the width of 180-degree magnetic domains of the oriented silicon steel sheet. The measurement index of the magnetic induction is generally B8, and represents the magnetic induction intensity of the silicon steel sheet under the excitation field of 800A/m.
The oriented silicon steel is subjected to iron making, steel making and continuous casting, then hot rolling, one-time or two-time cold rolling containing intermediate annealing, rolling to the final thickness, then decarburization annealing, coating MgO type separant on the surface, forming complete secondary recrystallization through high-temperature annealing, and finally, forming the finished oriented silicon steel through final annealing and coating an insulating coating.
A method for manufacturing an oriented silicon steel sheet for a low-noise transformer comprises the steps of forming a groove with a specific shape on one side or two sides of a silicon steel sheet in an indentation processing mode; the bottom surface of the groove is parallel or approximately parallel to the surface of the silicon steel sheet, the angle with the largest absolute value in the included angles between one side or multiple sides of the inner wall of the groove and the normal plane is defined as an included angle theta, the included angle theta ranges from greater than or equal to-60 degrees to less than 0 degree, and the included angles theta of all the side edges are the same or different;
the normal plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the rolling direction of the silicon steel sheet. Wherein: the angle θ is defined as follows: a rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the intersection of a certain side of the steel plate indented groove and the surface of the steel plate as an origin, taking the rolling direction of the steel plate as the x direction, taking the upward direction perpendicular to the indented surface of the steel plate as the y direction and taking the transverse direction of the steel plate as the z direction. When the notch is formed as a groove, a tangent line to the side where the groove intersects the base body is made at the origin, and a minimum angle rotated by rotating the-y axis to coincide with the tangent line with the z axis as the rotation center is defined as an angle θ. If the-y axial groove side rotates, defining the angle theta as a positive value; if the y axis is rotated toward the substrate, then the angle θ is defined as negative. As shown in fig. 3 and 4. When the notch is a pit, a plane formed by the normal direction of the steel plate and the rolling direction is taken as a cross section, a tangent line of the side edge of the cross section is made at the intersection of the side edge and the surface of the steel plate at the maximum cross section of the pit, and an angle theta is defined in the same rotating mode as the groove. When the groove or pit has a polygonal cross section, the minimum value of the angle θ of each side is defined.
When the theta angle is in the range of-60 DEG to 0 DEG, the noise volume of the transformer is obviously reduced under the same manufacturing and testing conditions. This is because when the inner wall is inclined inward, i.e. when θ is larger than or equal to-60 ° and smaller than 0 °, the magnetic field generated by the free magnetic pole is perpendicular to the plane of the inner wall, so the magnetic force lines are enclosed in the formed groove, and the groove itself acts to restrain the magnetic force lines, so that the oscillation and magnetic effect generated by the conduction of the magnetic force lines between the plates will not be generated, thereby improving the noise of the transformer, as shown in fig. 2. When the included angle theta < -60 degrees, the noise value of the transformer is increased under the same manufacturing and testing conditions. This phenomenon occurs because the magnetic lines of force generated by the free magnetic poles penetrate the plate thickness downward, causing oscillation of the magnetic lines of force and magnetic action between the plates. When the included angle theta is larger than or equal to 0 degree, the groove shape is the same as the prior patent invention technology, magnetic lines of force are distorted at the groove position during magnetization, the alternating current magnetization oscillation causes magnetic force interaction between plates, the driving plates vibrate, and the noise of the transformer cannot be improved.
On the other hand, magnetic force oscillation caused by leakage flux at the groove is also correlated with the groove size. The groove is wider in size, the magnetic leakage effect is increased, and therefore vibration noise caused by the magnetic leakage effect is also increased; similarly, when the depth of the groove is large, there is also a problem that vibration noise increases due to the existence of the magnetic leakage effect.
The vibration noise is related to the angle θ of the groove, the groove depth d, the groove width w, and the plate thickness t. When the included angle theta of the groove, the depth d of the groove, the width w of the groove and the thickness t of the plate satisfy the following relational expressionThe transformer manufactured has low loss under the same design and test conditions,Low noise.
The included angle theta of the groove can be the same or different for the two walls of the groove, but the included angle theta is more than or equal to minus 60 degrees<0 DEG and the relation.
By controlling the nicking process and researching the influence of different groove types on the loss of oriented silicon steel sheets and the noise of a manufactured transformer iron core, the theta angle is between-60 degrees and 0 degrees and the formulaUnder the condition, the section shape of the plane (which can be called as a longitudinal plane and is a plane perpendicular to the transverse direction of the steel plate) formed by the grooves, the rolling direction and the normal direction is any one or combination of an arc groove, a triangle groove, a rectangle groove, a trapezoid groove, an oblique quadrilateral groove and an inverted trapezoid groove, and the effect stated by the invention can be achieved by referring to fig. 5.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a metallographic phase of a groove formed in an oriented silicon steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between a test value and a groove angle θ obtained by assembling a 30kVA transformer using a silicon steel sheet having a series of grooves formed on a surface thereof as shown in FIG. 6 after scoring the 0.23mm oriented silicon steel sheet under the same conditions and measuring a noise level of the transformer under the same conditions, and FIG. 7 clearly illustrates a formula according to the present inventionThe value range of (a).
Meanwhile, although the existence of the nicking groove can refine magnetic domains and reduce iron loss, the magnetic permeability of the groove is very low, and the nicking groove has a certain damage effect on B8. The invention researches the relationship between the groove size and the iron loss and the magnetic induction of the silicon steel sheet in detail, and finds that the groove size and the space need to meet the set conditions in order to reduce the iron loss of the silicon steel sheet and ensure that the B8 is not remarkably reduced. When the rolling width of the groove is less than 5 mu m, the notch realization difficulty is high, and meanwhile, the coupling energy between free magnetic poles on two sides of the groove is increased, thereby compensating the system energy change caused by magnetic flux leakage, and the magnetic domain can not be effectively refined. When the rolling direction size of the grooves exceeds 300 mu m, the space between the grooves is too large, and the magnetic induction is remarkably reduced; the depth of the groove formed on the substrate by the nick is less than 5 mu m, the magnetic domain refining effect is very small, and the loss of the silicon steel sheet cannot be reduced; the depth of the groove is more than 60 mu m, and the large number of free magnetic poles cause too much exposed magnetic flux, so that the iron loss is reduced a little, but the magnetic induction is obviously reduced. In addition, the notch pitch and the transverse included angle of the notch line and the steel plate also significantly affect the iron loss performance and the magnetic induction performance. The distance between the notches in the rolling direction is too small and is less than 1mm, the notches are too dense, and the magnetic induction is obviously reduced. The distance between the nicking and rolling directions is too large, and exceeds 30mm, a refined magnetic domain cannot be formed in an effective range, and the iron loss cannot be improved; the transverse included angle between the score line and the steel plate is more than 30 degrees, the magnetic domain refining effect is weakened, and the iron loss improvement rate is very low. Therefore, the groove conditions suitable for refining the magnetic domain of the silicon steel sheet to reduce the iron loss without obviously reducing the magnetic induction are as follows: the rolling direction width of the groove is between 5 and 300 mu m, the depth of the groove is between 5 and 60 mu m, the indentation rolling direction distance is between 1 and 30mm, and the transverse included angle between the score line and the steel plate is less than 30 degrees.
The groove may be continuous or quasi-continuous along the scoring direction. When the scoring is in the form of a dotted quasi-continuous shape, the formed ablation points or short lines form a certain linear density distribution along the scoring direction. The linear density is defined as the sum of the lengths of the cuts formed in a unit length in the laser scanning direction and can be expressed as:
wherein,represents the score line density, dimensionless;representing the sum of the lengths of the score lines in the scan direction,showing the total transverse length of the score line of the silicon steel sheet. Density of score lineThe iron loss performance of the silicon steel sheet can be effectively improved only by reaching more than 0.1, and below the range, the magnetic domain refining effect is reduced, and the iron loss of the silicon steel sheet cannot be improved.
The grooves required by the invention can be completed by one or a combination of electrochemical, toothed roller, high-pressure water beam and laser processing modes, but the size and the groove shape of the indented grooves must meet the requirement range.
The laser generation pump source type of the laser processing mode is CO2One or a combination of a plurality of lasers, solid lasers and fiber lasers.
Particularly, the precise control of the notch groove profile can be realized by adopting the pulse laser with ultrahigh instantaneous peak power density, which is favorable for realizing the manufacture of the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low-noise transformer.
The average single pulse instantaneous peak power density of a pulsed laser is defined as:
wherein I is the average single-pulse instantaneous peak power density of the pulse laser; s is the spot area containing 86% of laser energy when the laser is focused on the surface of the steel plate;is a pulse laser repetition frequency;is the average single pulse width.
The average single pulse instantaneous peak power density described above characterizes the injected laser energy per unit area on the surface of the steel sheet within a single pulse.
According to the invention, researches show that after the average single-pulse instantaneous peak power density is greatly improved, the accurate control of the shape of the notch groove can be realized, and the beneficial effect of the invention is realized. This is because the thermal diffusion range in laser processing materials is related to the action time of the laser and the material. When the laser energy density is low, the action time must be prolonged to achieve the purpose of forming the groove by the melting or evaporation temperature of the material, at the moment, the heating action of the laser on the material is diffused to a large range of the steel plate matrix, so that the material near the notch groove is melted or even evaporated due to the temperature rise, deposits or splashed liquid drops are formed around the groove, and the shape of the groove cannot be accurately controlled. By greatly improving the single-pulse instantaneous peak power density, a large amount of energy can be injected to the surface of the steel plate within a single pulse time, so that the material in a light beam irradiation range is quickly excited to a gas phase state, and the diffusion of heat to a matrix is reduced or even eliminated, thereby realizing the accurate control of the groove shape and obtaining any groove shape in the invention. Repeated experiments show that the average single-pulse peak power density of the pulse laser is higher than 2.1 multiplied by 106W/mm2In time, the purpose of accurately controlling the groove shape by using the pulse laser can be achieved. When the average single pulse peak power density is less than 2.0 x 106W/mm2In practice, it is necessary to increase the number of pulses per unit area to achieve a desired depth and width of the score grooveThe groove has the advantages that the action time is prolonged, the thermal diffusion effect is obvious, a large amount of melting or evaporating substances are generated at the edge of the groove, the groove shape cannot be controlled, and the higher the average single-pulse peak power density is, the higher the control accuracy capability of the groove shape of the laser scoring is.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the height of deposit on the edge of a trench and the laser average single pulse instantaneous peak power density when a pulse laser is used for scribing, the target shape being an oblique quadrangular trench having a width of 80 μm and a depth of 20 μm. In the figure, 3 score lines are ablated on the surface of the oriented silicon steel sheet along the transverse direction under each set laser condition, 5 points are selected on each score line for observing the shape of the groove and measuring the dimension of the edge deposit, and the average value of the measurement of the 15 points is used as the dimension of the deposit to be marked on the figure. The evaluation of the groove quality is marked in the figure, and the degree of deviation of the actual groove shape from the target oblique quadrangle is taken as the evaluation. As can be seen, the peak power density at the single pulse instant is greater than or equal to 2.0X 106W/mm2The edge portions have a deposit height of less than 3 μm due to thermal effects. In particular, the average single pulse instantaneous peak power density is greater than or equal to 3.0 x 106W/mm2In the process, the groove shape is accurately controlled, and no deposit is generated on the edge of the groove.
The ultrahigh average single pulse instantaneous peak power density can be realized by one or the combination of a plurality of modes of increasing the output power of a laser, reducing the area of a light spot, reducing the pulse width and reducing the repetition frequency of the laser.
Through further research, the invention discovers that the size of the groove formed by laser scoring is closely related to the total energy injected to the surface of the silicon steel sheet by laser. That is, in order to etch the trench with the width and depth within the target range, the total energy of the laser injected into the surface of the oriented silicon steel sheet needs to be strictly controlled, which is specifically expressed in that the iron loss and the magnetic induction of the oriented silicon steel sheet are related to the total energy of the laser injected within a unit length on the score line. The total energy of the laser injected per unit length on a single scribe line is expressed as:
wherein E is the total energy of the laser injected in a unit length on the notch line, and the dimension is J/mm; n is the laser scanning times of the same nicking line; p is the output power of the laser beam, and the dimension is W;the single average scanning speed of the laser on the steel plate is measured in mm/s.
The invention obtains the rule in fig. 9 through repeated experiments. When the total energy of the laser injected in a unit length on a single scoring line is lower than 0.002J/mm, the size of the groove formed by scoring is too small, and the iron loss P17/50 is not obviously reduced; when the total energy of the laser injected in a unit length of a single score line is higher than 1.3J/mm, the size of the groove formed by the score is overlarge, the improvement of the iron loss P17/50 is limited, but the magnetic induction B8 is obviously reduced, and the magnetic oscillation effect generated by the magnetic induction B8 is increased, so that the noise of the manufactured transformer is reduced.
Examples
First, laser scoring is performed before decarburization annealing
The oriented silicon steel is subjected to processes of iron making, steel making, continuous casting and hot rolling, then is subjected to cold rolling once until the final thickness is 0.25mm, and linear micro-groove nicking is performed on the surface of the oriented silicon steel by using laser with the pulse width of 10 nanoseconds. The laser output power is 200W, the light wave wavelength is 1030nm, the repetition frequency is 100KHz, light spots focused on the surface of the steel plate are elliptical, the length of the short axis along the rolling direction of the steel plate is 0.08mm, the length of the long axis along the transverse direction of the steel plate is 0.4mm, and the laser is processed according to the formulaCalculating to obtain the single pulse instantaneous peak power densityDegree 8.0X 106W/mm2Controlling the total energy of laser injected to the length of a unit marking line on the surface of the steel plate by adjusting the scanning speed and the scanning times, thereby controlling the size of the formed groove; the groove shape is adjusted by adjusting the incident angle of the laser beam.
The laser beams form oblique quadrilateral or inverted trapezoidal linear grooves on the surface of the silicon steel sheet, the transverse included angle between the grooving line and the steel plate is 8 degrees, and the distance between the grooving line and the steel plate in the rolling direction is 4 mm; in the comparative example, grooves with rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular groove shapes are etched on the surface of the steel plate without any treatment or by adopting the pulse laser, and the transverse included angle between the groove lines and the steel plate is 8 degrees and the distance between the groove lines and the steel plate is 4mm along the rolling direction. The samples of the above examples and comparative examples are subjected to a decarburization annealing process at 860 ℃ to form a surface oxide layer, then coated with a MgO isolating agent, coiled into a steel coil, kept at 1250 ℃ for 20 hours under high temperature annealing conditions, finally cleaned of residual MgO, and coated with an insulating coating and finally annealed to form a finished silicon steel sheet.
Magnetic measurement is carried out on silicon steel sheets by using an Epstein0.5kg method in GB/TT3655-2008, the silicon steel sheets are assembled into a 30kVA wound core transformer under the same condition, and the noise level of the transformer is tested under the conditions of 50Hz alternating current and 1.7T magnetic flux density. The magnetic properties of the finished products of examples and comparative examples and the noise level of the transformers produced are shown in Table 1. The P17/50 value of the silicon steel sheet obtained by the proposal of the invention is basically equivalent to or slightly better than that of the silicon steel sheet which adopts the rectangular, regular trapezoidal, triangular and-65-degree groove oblique quadrilateral in the comparative example, and is obviously lower than that of the silicon steel sheet without nicks. The actual noise value of the wound core transformer made of the silicon steel sheets of the scheme of the invention is not more than 41.3dB and is lower than the noise value of the transformer made of other groove-shaped silicon steel sheets in the comparative example.
TABLE 1 magnetic Properties and noise values of example (I)
(II) laser scoring after decarburization annealing
The oriented silicon steel is subjected to the processes of iron making, steel making, continuous casting and hot rolling, then is subjected to cold rolling once to the final thickness of 0.22mm, and is subjected to decarburization annealing process, after a surface oxide layer is formed, a pulse laser with the pulse width of 30 picoseconds is utilized to notch linear micro grooves on the surface of the oriented silicon steel, the laser output power is 100W, the light wave wavelength is 533nm, the repetition frequency is 200KHz, light spots focused on the surface of the steel plate are elliptical, the length of a short axis of the oriented silicon steel along the rolling direction of the steel plate is 0.02mm, the length of a long axis of the oriented silicon steelCalculating to obtain the single pulse instantaneous peak power density of 1.1 multiplied by 109W/mm2Controlling the total energy of laser injected to the length of a unit marking line on the surface of the steel plate by adjusting the scanning speed and the scanning times, thereby controlling the size of the formed groove; the groove shape is adjusted by adjusting the incident angle of the laser beam.
The laser beams form oblique quadrilateral or inverted trapezoidal linear grooves on the surface of the silicon steel sheet, the spacing of the score lines along the rolling direction is 6mm, and the included angle between the score lines and the transverse direction is 15 degrees; the surface of the comparative example is not subjected to any treatment or the groove with the rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular groove shape is etched on the surface of the steel plate by adopting the pulse laser, the distance between the cutting lines along the rolling direction is 6mm, and the included angle between the cutting lines and the transverse direction is 15 degrees. The samples of the above examples and comparative examples are subjected to a decarburization annealing process at a temperature of 830 ℃ to form a surface oxide layer, then the surface of the oxide layer is coated with a MgO isolating agent, the rolled steel coil is kept at a high temperature of 1200 ℃ for 20 hours, finally the residual MgO is cleaned, and an insulating coating is coated on the surface of the MgO isolating agent and finally the finished silicon steel sheet is formed by annealing.
Magnetic measurement is carried out on silicon steel sheets by using an Epstein0.5kg method in GB/TT3655-2008, the silicon steel sheets are assembled into a 30kVA wound core transformer under the same condition, and the noise level of the transformer is tested under the conditions of 50Hz alternating current and 1.7T magnetic flux density. The magnetic performance of the finished products of the embodiment and the comparative example and the noise level of the manufactured transformer are shown in a table 2. the P17/50 value of the silicon steel sheet obtained by adopting the scheme of the invention is basically equivalent to or slightly better than that of the silicon steel sheet adopting the rectangular, regular trapezoidal, triangular and-65-degree groove oblique quadrilateral in the comparative example, and is obviously lower than that of the silicon steel sheet without nicks. The actual noise value of the wound core transformer made of the silicon steel sheets of the scheme of the invention is not more than 41dB and is lower than the noise value of the transformer made of other groove-shaped silicon steel sheets in the comparative example.
TABLE 2 magnetic Properties and noise values of example (II)
(III) high-temperature annealing and then laser scoring
The oriented silicon steel is subjected to processes of iron making, steel making, continuous casting and hot rolling, and then is subjected to cold rolling once to the final thickness of 0.28mm, and then is subjected to decarburization annealing process at 850 ℃ to form a surface oxide layer, then a MgO isolating agent is coated on the surface of the oriented silicon steel, the oriented silicon steel is rolled into a steel coil and is kept for 20 hours under the high-temperature annealing condition of 1200 ℃, unreacted residual MgO is cleaned, then linear micro-groove nicking is carried out on the surface of the oriented silicon steel by using a laser beam with the pulse width of 100 nanoseconds, the laser output power is 20W, the light wave wavelength is 255. The light spot focused on the surface of the steel plate is elliptical, the length of the minor axis of the light spot along the rolling direction of the steel plate is 0.01mm, the length of the major axis of the light spot along the transverse direction of the steel plate is 0.016mm, and the light spot is expressed by the formulaCalculating to obtain single pulse instantaneous peak power density of 2.0 x 106W/mm2Controlling the total energy of laser injected to the length of a unit marking line on the surface of the steel plate by adjusting the scanning speed and the scanning times, thereby controlling the size of the formed groove; the groove shape is adjusted by adjusting the incident angle of the laser beam.
The laser beams form oblique quadrilateral or inverted trapezoidal linear grooves on the surface of the silicon steel sheet, the interval between the score lines along the rolling direction is 2mm, and the included angle between the score lines and the transverse direction is 5 degrees.
Magnetic measurement is carried out on silicon steel sheets by using an Epstein0.5kg method in GB/TT3655-2008, the silicon steel sheets are assembled into a 30kVA wound core transformer under the same condition, and the noise level of the transformer is tested under the conditions of 50Hz alternating current and 1.7T magnetic flux density. The magnetic performance of the finished products of the embodiment and the comparative example and the noise level of the manufactured transformer are shown in a table 3. the P17/50 value of the silicon steel sheet obtained by adopting the scheme of the invention is basically equivalent to or slightly better than that of the silicon steel sheet adopting the rectangular, regular trapezoidal, triangular and-65-degree groove oblique quadrilateral in the comparative example, and is obviously lower than that of the silicon steel sheet without nicks. The actual noise value of the wound core transformer made of the silicon steel sheets of the scheme of the invention is not more than 41.4dB and is lower than the noise value of the transformer made of other groove-shaped silicon steel sheets in the comparative example.
TABLE 3 magnetic Properties and noise values of example (III)
(IV) carrying out laser scoring after leveling and annealing of the insulating coating
The oriented silicon steel is subjected to processes of iron making, steel making, continuous casting and hot rolling, then is subjected to cold rolling once until the final thickness is 0.28mm, and then is subjected to decarburization annealing process at 850 ℃ to form a surface oxide layer, then is coated with MgO isolating agent on the surface, is rolled into a steel coil, is kept for 20 hours under the high-temperature annealing condition of 1200 ℃, and then is coated with an insulating coating and is subjected to final annealing to form the silicon steel sheet. Linear micro-groove notching is carried out on the surface of the silicon steel sheet by using a pulse laser beam with the pulse width of 15 picoseconds, the laser output power is 60W, the light wave wavelength is 533nm, and the repetition frequency is 500 KHz. Is focused onThe light spot on the surface of the steel plate is circular, the diameter of the light spot is 0.01mm, and the light spot is obtained according to the formulaCalculating to obtain single pulse instantaneous peak power density of 1.0 × 1011W/mm2Controlling the total energy of laser injected to the length of a unit marking line on the surface of the steel plate by adjusting the scanning speed and the scanning times, thereby controlling the size of the formed groove; the groove shape is adjusted by adjusting the incident angle of the laser beam.
The laser beams form oblique quadrilateral or inverted trapezoidal linear grooves on the surface of the silicon steel sheet, the interval between the cutting lines along the rolling direction is 4mm, the cutting lines are parallel to the transverse direction, the surface of the comparative example is not processed or the grooves with the rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular groove shapes are etched on the surface of the steel sheet by adopting the pulse laser, the interval between the cutting lines along the rolling direction is 4mm, and the cutting lines are parallel to the transverse direction. Then, the examples and comparative examples were annealed for 2 hours under a stress relief atmosphere of 100% N2 at 850 ℃.
Carrying out magnetic measurement on the silicon steel sheet by using an Epstein0.5kg method in GB/TT 3655-2008; under the same conditions, silicon steel sheets are assembled into a 30kVA wound core transformer, and the noise level of the transformer is tested under the conditions of 50Hz alternating current and 1.7T magnetic flux density. The magnetic performance of the finished products of the embodiment and the comparative example and the noise level of the manufactured transformer are shown in a table 4. the P17/50 value of the silicon steel sheet obtained by adopting the scheme of the invention is basically equivalent to or slightly better than that of the silicon steel sheet adopting the rectangular, regular trapezoidal, triangular and-65-degree groove oblique quadrilateral in the comparative example, and is obviously lower than that of the silicon steel sheet without nicks. The actual noise value of the wound core transformer made of the silicon steel sheets in the scheme of the invention is not more than 42.4dB and is lower than the noise value of the transformer made of other groove-shaped silicon steel sheets in the comparative example.
TABLE 4 magnetic Properties and noise values of example (IV)
。
Claims (12)
1. A method for manufacturing an oriented silicon steel sheet for a low-noise transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps: forming a groove with a specific shape on one side or two sides of a silicon steel sheet by adopting an indentation processing mode; the bottom surface of the groove is parallel or approximately parallel to the surface of the silicon steel sheet, the angle with the largest absolute value in the included angles between one side or multiple sides of the inner wall of the groove and the normal plane is defined as an included angle theta, the included angle theta ranges from greater than or equal to-60 degrees to less than 0 degree, and the included angles theta of all the side edges are the same or different;
the normal plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the rolling direction of the silicon steel sheet;
the angle θ is defined as follows: establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the intersection of a certain side of the steel plate indented groove and the surface of the steel plate as an origin, taking the rolling direction of the steel plate as the x direction, taking the upward direction vertical to the indented surface of the steel plate as the y direction and taking the transverse direction of the steel plate as the z direction; when the notch is formed into a groove, making a tangent line of the side surface intersected with the substrate at the origin at the side surface of the groove, taking the z axis as a rotation center, and defining a minimum angle rotated by the y axis when the y axis is rotated to be overlapped with the tangent line as an angle theta; if the-y axial groove side rotates, defining the angle theta as a positive value; if the Y-axis rotates towards the substrate, defining the angle theta as a negative value; when the groove is polygonal, the minimum value of the angle theta of each side is taken as a definition.
2. The method for manufacturing an oriented silicon steel sheet for a low noise transformer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the included angle theta of the groove, the thickness t of the processed silicon steel sheet, the depth d of the groove and the rolling direction width w of the groove satisfy the following relational expression:
。
3. the method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the cross section of the plane formed by the grooves, the rolling direction and the normal direction is in any one or combination of more of arc, triangle, trapezoid, oblique quadrangle and inverted trapezoid.
4. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the groove condition suitable for refining the magnetic domain of the silicon steel sheet to reduce the iron loss without remarkably reducing the magnetic induction is as follows: the rolling direction width of the groove is between 5 and 300 mu m, the depth of the groove is between 5 and 60 mu m, the indentation rolling direction distance is between 1 and 30mm, and the transverse included angle between the indentation line and the steel plate is less than 30 degrees.
5. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the nicking processing mode is one or a combination of more of electrochemistry, tooth rollers, high-pressure water beams and laser processing.
6. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the laser generation pump source type of the laser processing mode is CO2One or a combination of a plurality of lasers, solid lasers and fiber lasers.
7. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the laser is pulse laser, and the average single-pulse instantaneous peak power density is not less than 2.0 × 106W/mm2。
8. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the total energy of the pulse laser injected into the groove in unit length is not less than 0.002J/mm at the lowest and not more than 1.3J/mm at the highest.
9. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out decarburization annealing on oriented silicon steel, carrying out iron making, steel making and continuous casting on the oriented silicon steel, then carrying out hot rolling, carrying out cold rolling for one time or two times with intermediate annealing, rolling to the final thickness, then carrying out linear micro-groove notching by adopting laser, carrying out decarburization annealing, coating a MgO isolating agent on the surface, carrying out high-temperature annealing to form complete secondary recrystallization, and finally carrying out final annealing and coating an insulating coating to form the finished oriented silicon steel.
10. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the scoring processing mode is arranged after decarburization annealing, namely oriented silicon steel is subjected to iron making, steel making and continuous casting, then hot rolling, cold rolling for one time or two times including intermediate annealing, rolling to the final thickness, decarburization annealing, then adopting laser to carry out linear micro-groove scoring processing mode, coating MgO type separant on the surface, forming complete secondary recrystallization through high-temperature annealing, and finally carrying out final annealing and coating an insulating coating to form the finished oriented silicon steel.
11. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the method comprises the steps of carrying out high-temperature annealing, namely carrying out iron making, steel making and continuous casting on oriented silicon steel, carrying out hot rolling, carrying out cold rolling for one time or two times including intermediate annealing, rolling to a final thickness, carrying out decarburization annealing, coating a MgO isolating agent on the surface, carrying out high-temperature annealing to form complete secondary recrystallization, carrying out linear micro-groove scoring by adopting laser, and finally carrying out final annealing and coating an insulating coating to form the finished oriented silicon steel.
12. The method for manufacturing the oriented silicon steel sheet for the low noise transformer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the notch processing mode is arranged after the insulating coating is subjected to flattening annealing, namely, the oriented silicon steel is subjected to iron making, steel making and continuous casting, then is subjected to hot rolling, is subjected to cold rolling for one time or two times including intermediate annealing, is rolled to the final thickness, then is subjected to decarburization annealing, is coated with an MgO isolating agent on the surface, is subjected to high-temperature annealing to form complete secondary recrystallization, finally is subjected to final annealing and is coated with the insulating coating, and then is subjected to linear micro-groove notch processing by adopting laser to form the finished oriented silicon steel.
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