CN106275933B - The method of pneumatic solids discharge valve and discharge bulk cargo - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic solid discharge valve for bulk materials, comprising: a valve body having a side wall and a bottom plate, a material drop opening is arranged at the middle part of the bottom plate; a distributor; at least one conveying tuyere parallel to the bottom plate, wherein : The dispenser is arranged directly above the discharge port and forms a gap of height H between the bottom surface of the dispenser directly above the discharge port and the upper surface of the bottom plate, the projection edge of the dispenser on the bottom plate and the edge of the discharge port The minimum distance between them is M; the minimum distance between the distributor and the side wall is W; the delivery tuyere is used to deliver wind, and the delivery tuyere is configured such that the flow direction of the delivery wind is approximately horizontal from the side wall through the The slit is towards the discharge opening; and for a specific bulk material, M>H·cotβ is satisfied, where β is the angle of repose of the bulk material.

Description

Pneumatic solids discharge valve and method of discharging bulk material

technical field

The invention relates to the field of bulk material transportation, in particular to a solid discharge valve and a method for discharging bulk material.

Background technique

It is a common industrial requirement to discharge bulk material from the bottom of a container, and it is a general design to set a discharger at the bottom of the container. Not only does the discharger need to have a reliable closing and opening function, it must also be able to regulate the discharge rate of the material. Bulk material transportation control can be divided into mechanical transportation control device and non-mechanical transportation control device according to the operating principle. Among them, mechanical transportation control devices, such as central feeder, screw feeder, star unloader, roller, etc.; non-mechanical transportation control devices, such as L valve, U valve, etc.

Under normal temperature conditions, the mechanical discharger is very complete and can meet the discharge requirements of general industries. In recent years, high-temperature mechanical dischargers have also developed, but the problems encountered are that this type of high-temperature discharger has disadvantages such as complex structure, high price, poor reliability, difficult maintenance, cooling of the rotating mechanism, and easy wear and tear.

The non-mechanical transport control device uses gas to push the bulk material to move, so it can realize the simple and reliable transport of bulk material in a high temperature environment. Since there are no moving parts, it has a simple structure, flexible operation, and low manufacturing cost. At present, the more common non-mechanical transportation control devices include L valve, U valve and so on. The L valve is considered to be a controllable valve, which can regulate and control the transportation of bulk materials. However, the operation of the L valve is unstable, and the standpipe is prone to bridging and gas embolism, and the tendency to self-flow is its fatal flaw. U valve is a flow sealing valve, which is widely used in circulating fluidized beds. However, the conveying and control capabilities are greatly affected by the inlet and outlet pressures, and the regulation and control capabilities for bulk material transportation are very limited, and they are not suitable for coarse particle material transportation.

In addition, the existing bulk material transportation control devices mainly use a single point to control the transportation volume. For example, the mechanical transportation control device controls the transportation volume through the operating frequency of the rotating parts, and the non-mechanical transportation control device generally controls the transportation volume through the fluidization air volume. Transportation volume, so the control range of transportation volume is relatively limited.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the existing bulk material transportation control device, and provide a pneumatic solid discharge valve that can be controlled and stably operated in a high temperature environment. It has a self-locking function, and the delivery volume can be flexibly adjusted. Large adjustment range.

The present invention is proposed in order to achieve the above object.

According to one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a pneumatic solid discharge valve for bulk materials is proposed, including: a valve body with a side wall and a bottom plate, a material drop opening is provided in the middle of the bottom plate; a distributor; a parallel At least one conveying tuyere on the bottom plate, wherein: the distributor is arranged directly above the discharge opening and forms a gap of height H between the bottom surface of the distributor directly above the discharge opening and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the distributor is on the bottom plate The minimum distance between the projected edge on the top and the edge of the blanking opening is M; the minimum distance between the distributor and the side wall is W; the conveying tuyere is used for conveying wind, and the conveying tuyere is constructed so that the flow direction of the conveying wind is Roughly horizontally from the side wall to the discharge opening through the slit; and for a specific bulk material, M>H·cotβ is satisfied, where β is the angle of repose of the bulk material.

Optionally, the distance L between the delivery tuyere and the side wall is in the range of 0-W.

Optionally, the edge of the discharge opening is provided with an annular protrusion protruding toward the inside of the gap.

Optionally, the valve body is cylindrical, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a circular discharge port, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a circular bottom surface, the distributor, the discharge The ports are arranged rotationally symmetrically about the central axis of the valve body. Optionally, the distributor is a cone, and the bottom surface of the cone is used as the bottom surface of the distributor. Optionally, the distributor is a cylinder; or the upper and lower parts of the distributor are cones and cylinders connected to each other. Optionally, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of delivery tuyeres, and the plurality of delivery tuyeres are arranged at equiangular intervals in the circumferential direction around the discharge opening.

Optionally, the valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a rectangular discharge opening, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a rectangular bottom surface, and the rectangular discharge opening The center and the centroid of the bottom surface of the distributor are all located on the central axis of the valve body, and the four sides of the discharge opening and the four sides of the bottom surface of the distributor are respectively parallel to the four side walls of the valve body. Optionally, the distributor is a quadrangular pyramid, and the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is the bottom surface of the distributor. Optionally, the distributor includes a quadrangular prism, and the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism is the bottom surface of the distributor. Optionally, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into four groups respectively arranged on the four side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls . Optionally, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are along the side walls, Interval arrangement.

Optionally, the valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder, and the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two rectangular discharge ports whose long sides are parallel to each other and are spaced apart in parallel, and the four sides of each discharge port are aligned with the valve body. The four side walls are respectively parallel. Optionally, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a rectangular discharge port, and the long side of the discharge port is parallel to the long side wall of the valve body, and the short side of the discharge port is integrated with the valve body. Optionally, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a triangular prism distributor with a rectangular bottom surface, the long sides of the bottom surface of the distributor are parallel to the two long side walls of the valve body, and the two ends of the distributor are parallel to the two ends of the valve body. combined into one. Optionally, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are along the side walls, Arranged at intervals, the two parallel side walls of the valve body are parallel to the long sides of the rectangular discharge opening. Optionally, the discharge openings are two identical rectangular discharge openings arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the relative positions of the two rectangular discharge openings on the bottom plate are the same.

Optionally, the valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder, and the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two rectangular discharge ports whose long sides are parallel to each other and are spaced apart in parallel. The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two bottom surfaces of The rectangular distributors are respectively arranged above the corresponding rectangular discharge openings, and the four sides of each discharge opening and the four sides of the bottom surface of the distributor are respectively parallel to the four side walls of the valve body. Optionally, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are along the side walls, Arranged at intervals, the two parallel side walls of the valve body are parallel to the long sides of the rectangular discharge opening.

Optionally, each delivery air outlet is an injection hole arranged on the air supply header, the air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto, and the air supply header is a ring concentric with the valve body .

Optionally, each delivery air outlet is an injection hole arranged on the air supply header, and each air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto, and the air supply headers are spaced apart in the circumferential direction Open, multiple arc segments concentric with the valve body. Optionally, a plurality of partitions are arranged in the gap between the bottom surface of the distributor and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the plurality of partitions divide the gap into a plurality of identical fan-shaped areas, and each fan-shaped The region has one or more arc segments.

Optionally, in the scheme of grouping the delivery air outlets, each delivery air outlet is an injection hole provided on the air supply header, and each air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto.

Optionally, each delivery air outlet is supplied with air by a corresponding air delivery pipe.

Optionally, between the discharge opening and the side wall, a loosening tuyere is provided at the bottom plate for blowing loosening wind upward.

According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a method for horizontally discharging bulk materials using the above-mentioned pneumatic solid discharge valve is proposed, including the following steps: stop the air supply to the conveying tuyere, so that the bulk materials are in a self-locking state to close a pneumatic solids discharge valve; and supplying air to the delivery tuyeres to open the pneumatic solids discharge valve.

Optionally, the step of supplying air to the delivery tuyere to open the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes adjusting the air supply volume entering the delivery tuyere.

Optionally, the step of supplying air to the conveying tuyeres to open the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes controlling whether to supply air to different conveying tuyeres and/or the duration of the air supply.

Optionally, a loose tuyere is provided at the bottom plate between the discharge opening and the side wall; the step of supplying air to the delivery tuyere to open the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes blowing upwards from the loose tuyere loose wind.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of another pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of another pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of another pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of another pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic front view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiments 3 and 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic top view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic front view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic front view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic top view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic front view of a pneumatic solid discharge valve according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below through the embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the specification, the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar components. The following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is intended to explain the general inventive concept of the present invention, but should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

The pneumatic solid discharge valve of the present invention comprises a valve body, a distributor and a conveying tuyere.

The valve body is a vertical container with an upper opening, roughly in the shape of a column, and the cross section can be circular, polygonal including rectangle, and curved, etc. The bulk material enters from the upper part; there is at least one discharge port on the bottom plate of the valve body , for discharging materials. The blanking opening can be circular, rectangular and other shapes.

There is at least one fixed distributor in the valve body, which is used to support the material and evenly guide the material to the direction of the discharge port. The distributor is a cone with the top of the cone facing upwards, a polygonal pyramid including a quadrangular pyramid, a three-dimensional combination of a cone and a cylinder, etc., and the bottom is its cross section. A wide slit with a width of W is at least partially formed between the bottom surface of the distributor and the inner wall of the valve, through which materials can fall. A gap of height H is formed between the bottom surface of the distributor and the bottom plate of the valve body, through which materials can flow to the discharge port. The distributor is located directly above the discharge port, and the projection of the distributor on the bottom plate of the valve body completely covers the discharge port, and the projected area is larger than the area of the discharge port; when there are multiple discharge ports, each discharge port can be There is a distributor on the top, or the projection of a distributor on the bottom plate can cover multiple discharge ports at the same time. The minimum distance between the projection edge of the distributor on the bottom plate of the valve body and the edge of the discharge opening is M. Preferably, the projection shape of the distributor on the bottom plate is similar to the shape of the discharge opening, and the center coincides, such as two concentric circles with a radius difference of M, or two corresponding four-sided distances of M. rectangle. The bottom surface of the distributor can be solid or hollow.

The lower part of the side wall of the valve body is provided with at least one conveying air port parallel to the bottom plate of the valve body, which is used to feed in the conveying air. The gap between the baseboards. The depth of the delivery tuyere inserted into the side wall of the valve body is L; L can be 0, that is, the delivery tuyere opens on the inner wall of the side wall of the valve body. Preferably, there are multiple delivery air outlets, which are evenly distributed around the valve body.

For specific bulk materials, there is a specific angle of repose β. The applicable condition of this discharge valve for specific bulk material is: M>H·cotβ. Preferably, the depth L of the delivery tuyere inserted into the side wall of the valve body ranges from 0 to W.

When the bulk material is added from the upper part of the valve body, the bulk material slides down along the distributor, passes through the wide gap between the bottom surface of the distributor and the inner wall of the valve, and accumulates in the gap between the bottom of the distributor and the bottom plate of the valve body, forming a horizontal plane at the front end. A bevel at an angle of β. Since the minimum distance between the bottom edge of the distributor and the edge of the discharge opening on the horizontal projection M>H·cotβ, the slope formed by the natural accumulation of materials will not reach the discharge opening, that is, the bulk material is under the friction between the material particles In self-locking state, stand still. It can be seen that the discharge valve has a self-locking function.

When it is necessary to discharge the material, the conveying air is introduced through the conveying air port to form a jet flow, which changes the friction between the material particles in the jet area of the conveying air pipe and makes the angle of repose smaller; the material enters the discharge port under the conveying air, And discharge by gravity through the dump valve. With the introduction of conveying air, the material between the valve body and the slit of the distributor enters the jet flow area of the conveying air pipe in the form of a moving bed under the action of gravity, thereby forming a continuous discharge. Because the material enters the jet area of the conveying air pipe in the form of a moving bed under the action of gravity and static pressure, the fluidization characteristics of the material do not change with the conveying operation and stop, so when the conveying wind stops, the material between the slits The natural accumulation state is restored under the action of friction, and the discharge valve stops discharging. Thus, the opening and closing of the discharge valve is realized.

The adjustment of the discharge rate can be achieved in two ways:

One is to change the air supply volume of a single conveying tuyere, that is, the jet velocity, thereby changing the conveying material volume of the conveying air. The larger the air supply volume, the higher the discharge rate;

The second is that there are multiple groups of conveying tuyeres arranged on the valve body at the same time, and the discharge rate is adjusted by controlling the number of conveying tuyere groups for ventilation; for example, one conveying tuyere is opened first, and then the adjacent or opposite conveying tuyere is opened while the air duct is closed. , or open several groups of conveying outlets at the same time and close other groups of conveying outlets at the same time; the duration of opening and closing the conveying outlets can also be flexibly adjusted according to needs.

In addition, the geometric size of the discharge valve itself also affects the material conveying capacity when a single conveying tuyere is opened. In general: the higher the slit height H, the wider the slit width W, and the smaller the insertion depth L of the conveying tuyeres, the greater the discharge capacity. The higher the feed rate. Among them, the deeper the insertion depth of the delivery tuyere, the less material the jet will push into the discharge opening; the invention limits the insertion depth L of the delivery tuyere to a range of 0 to W to ensure that there is enough material to be pushed in front of the delivery tuyere.

Since the conveying air from the conveying air port is a jet flow directly to the gap, it will not be affected by back pressure, nor will it fluidize the material above the distributor and change the flow characteristics of the material, so this discharge valve will not be like the L valve. That's how it flows.

The pneumatic solid discharge valve of the present invention overcomes the defects of unstable operation or poor transportation control ability of existing non-mechanical transportation devices that control bulk material transportation in the form of inflation or fluidization, such as existing non-mechanical Type conveying devices (such as commonly used L valves, U valves) carry out bulk material transportation control in the form of inflation or fluidization, the flow characteristics of bulk materials change, and it is easy to transfer the pressure change of the inlet and outlet of the valve, so it is easy to appear self-flow, valve-controlled The fluctuation of inlet and outlet pressure affects the stable operation of the valve, and coarse particles are easy to accumulate at the bottom of the valve.

The pneumatic solid discharge valve of the present invention has no rotating parts, and can overcome the disadvantages of mechanical valves such as abrasion and jamming during high-temperature operation; it utilizes the friction force between particles, and the particles enter the conveying air jet area in the form of a moving bed, and the particle flow characteristics There is no change, and it has good self-locking ability; the discharge valve has a large adjustment range for conveying materials, and the solid material valve conveying volume can be adjusted in a wide range through structural design, the number of conveying tuyere groups and operating modes; the pneumatic solid material valve conveys solids through jet flow It can overcome the problems of accumulation and blockage of coarse particles in the horizontal section, and is suitable for conveying solid materials containing coarse particles.

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The pneumatic solid discharge valve shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 includes a valve body 1 , a distributor 2 , and a conveying tuyere 3 .

The valve body 1 is a vertical hollow cylinder with an upper opening, and a circular discharge opening 4 is provided at the center of the bottom plate.

A fixed distributor 2 is arranged in the valve body 1, which is a cone with the top of the cone facing upwards, and the inside is a hollow structure, that is, it is only composed of a cone surface, and the bottom surface is not closed. The distributor 2 is coaxial with the valve body 1.

An annular wide seam of width W is formed between the bottom surface of the distributor and the inner wall of the valve body; a gap of height H is formed between the bottom surface of the distributor and the bottom plate of the valve body.

The radius of the bottom surface of the distributor is M larger than the radius of the discharge opening, that is, the distance between the projection edge of the distributor on the bottom plate of the valve body and the edge of the discharge opening is M.

The lower part of the side wall of the valve body is provided with 6 delivery air outlets 3 parallel to the bottom plate of the valve body, which are evenly distributed on the circumference of the side wall of the valve body, and are used to feed the delivery air. The flow direction of the delivery air is from the side wall of the valve body to the falling The center of the material opening, and facing the gap between the distributor and the bottom plate of the valve body. The depth of the delivery air port inserted into the side wall of the valve body is L.

The pneumatic solid discharge valve is designed for transporting bulk materials with an angle of repose of β: M>H·cotβ.

When the discharge valve is running, all 6 conveying outlets can be opened at the same time, and the discharge rate increases with the increase of the conveying air volume; the 6 conveying outlets can also be divided into several groups and opened in turn, and the number of groups opened at the same time can be adjusted. Adjust the discharge rate.

Optionally, the edge of the discharge port on the bottom plate of the valve body can be properly raised upwards, as shown in FIG. 3 , so as to improve the self-locking performance of the discharge valve.

Optionally, the distributor is a combination of a cone and a cylinder, the diameters of the bottom surfaces of the two are equal, and the bottom surface of the distributor is closed, as shown in Figure 4, in order to avoid the change of the width of the annular wide seam after the bottom angle of the conical distributor is worn. Deviations in the operating characteristics of the valve.

Optionally, the dispenser can also be a cylinder, as shown in Figure 5, the material can be naturally accumulated in a conical shape on the top of the dispenser, which is used for materials that are not easy to coke and stick at high temperatures.

Optionally, the distributor is conical, and the lower part of the valve body is tapered in the shape of a frustum of a cone, as shown in Figure 6, to eliminate the dead zone at the lower corner of the valve body, and is suitable for coking and bonding at high temperatures. materials.

Example 2

The pneumatic solid discharge valve shown in FIG. 7 includes a valve body 1 , a distributor 2 , and a conveying tuyere 3 .

The valve body 1 is a vertical hollow cylinder with an upper opening. The cross section is rectangular. There is a rectangular blanking opening 4 at the center of the bottom plate. The distances are all M+W.

A fixed distributor 2 is arranged in the valve body 1, which is a quadrangular pyramid with the top of the cone facing upwards, and the projection of the top of the cone on the bottom plate of the valve body coincides with the center of the bottom plate.

The four sides of the bottom surface of the distributor and the inner wall of the valve form four wide slits with a width of W; the bottom surface of the distributor and the bottom plate of the valve body form a gap with a height of H.

When the pneumatic solid discharge valve is designed to transport bulk materials with an angle of repose of β, it shall satisfy: M>H·cotβ.

Each side of the lower part of the side wall of the valve body is equipped with 5 conveying air outlets 3 parallel to the bottom plate of the valve body, which are used to enter the conveying air. The gap between the body and the bottom plate of the valve body. The depth of the delivery air port inserted into the side wall of the valve body is L.

When the discharge valve is running, all the conveying tuyeres can be opened at the same time, and the discharge rate can be adjusted by adjusting the conveying air volume; the conveying tuyere can also be divided into several groups to open in turn, and the discharge rate can be adjusted by the number of groups opened at the same time.

Example 3

The structure of the pneumatic solid discharge valve shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 is similar to that of Embodiment 2, the difference is that there are two discharge ports on the bottom plate of the valve body, and two sets of 5 conveying outlets, the distributor is a triangular prism distributor with a rectangular bottom, the long side is parallel to the side wall of the valve body, and the two ends are integrated with the valve body.

When opening different groups of conveying tuyeres, the materials can be sent into different discharge ports, so that the pneumatic distribution of materials to different downstream containers can be realized.

The distributor is a triangular prism distributor with a rectangular bottom, which eliminates the dead zone in the area where the pneumatic solid discharge valve has no delivery outlet.

Example 4

The structure of the pneumatic solid discharge valve shown in Figure 8 and Figure 10 is similar to that of Embodiment 2, the difference is that two groups of five conveying outlets are provided at the lower part of the side wall of the valve body, and the distributor is a rectangular bottom three Prismatic distributor, the long side is parallel to the side wall of the valve body, and the two ends are integrated with the two ends of the valve body.

The pneumatic solid discharge valve with this structure can expand the discharge volume of the pneumatic solid discharge valve through modular splicing, which is convenient for structural transformation.

Example 5

The structure of the pneumatic solid discharge valve shown in Figure 10 is similar to that of Embodiment 3, except that a distributor is respectively provided above the two discharge ports on the bottom plate of the valve body, and the W, Parameters such as H and L can be designed separately, so that the pneumatic distribution of materials to different downstream containers at different discharge rates can be realized more flexibly.

Example 6

As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12, the structure of the pneumatic solid discharge valve is similar to that of Embodiment 1, the difference is that the part of the conveying air port that penetrates into the valve body is an arc that matches the shape of the inner wall of the valve, and each arc has a There are multiple conveying air nozzles, which can eject multiple jets at the same time, so as to avoid the dead zone between the control areas of the conveying air outlets, especially suitable for materials that are easy to coke at high temperatures.

Optionally, in order to reduce the influence between the air outlets, a partition 5 may be provided in the gap between the distributor and the bottom plate of the valve body to divide the gap into multiple fan-shaped areas.

Example 7

As shown in Figure 13, the structure of the pneumatic solid discharge valve is similar to that of Example 1, the difference is that a loose wind 6 is provided at the bottom of the valve body, which is used to strengthen the flow of particles in the area near the delivery tuyere, and is especially suitable for use at high temperatures. Materials that are prone to coking.

Like this, the present invention proposes following scheme:

1. A pneumatic solid discharge valve for bulk materials, comprising:

The valve body has a side wall and a bottom plate, and the middle part of the bottom plate is provided with a blanking port;

Distributor;

at least one delivery tuyere parallel to the base plate,

in:

The distributor is arranged directly above the discharge opening and forms a gap of height H between the bottom surface of the distributor directly above the discharge opening and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the gap between the projection edge of the distributor on the bottom plate and the edge of the discharge opening The minimum distance between is M;

The minimum distance between the distributor and the side wall is W;

The conveying tuyere is used for conveying wind, and the conveying tuyere is configured such that the flow direction of the conveying wind is substantially horizontal from the side wall through the gap toward the blanking opening; and

For a specific bulk material, M>H·cotβ is satisfied, where β is the angle of repose of the bulk material.

2. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 1, wherein:

The length L of the delivery tuyere from the side wall ranges from 0 to W.

3. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 1, wherein:

The edge of the discharge opening is provided with an annular protrusion protruding toward the inside of the gap.

4. The pneumatic solid discharge valve according to any one of 1-3, wherein:

The valve body is cylindrical, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a circular discharge port, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a circular bottom surface, the distributor and the discharge port are relative to the valve body The central axis of the rotation symmetrical arrangement.

5. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 4, wherein:

The distributor is a cone, and the bottom surface of the cone is used as the bottom surface of the distributor.

6. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 4, wherein:

The distributor is a cylinder; or the upper and lower parts of the distributor are cones and cylinders connected to each other.

7. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 4-6, wherein:

The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, and the plurality of conveying tuyeres are arranged at equiangular intervals around the discharge opening in the circumferential direction.

8. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 1-3, wherein:

The valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a rectangular discharge opening, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a rectangular bottom surface, the centroid of the discharge opening, the The centroids of the bottom surface of the distributor are all located on the central axis of the valve body, and the four sides of the discharge opening and the four sides of the bottom surface of the distributor are respectively parallel to the four side walls of the valve body.

9. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 8, wherein:

The distributor is a quadrangular pyramid, and the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is the bottom surface of the distributor.

10. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 8, wherein:

The distributor includes a quadrangular prism, and the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism is the bottom surface of the distributor.

11. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 8-10, wherein:

The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into four groups respectively arranged on the four side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls.

12. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 8-10, wherein:

The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls.

13. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 1-3, wherein:

The valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder, and the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two rectangular discharge openings with long sides parallel to each other arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the four sides of each discharge opening are in contact with the four side walls of the valve body. parallel to each other, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a rectangular bottom, the long side of the bottom of the distributor is parallel to the two long side walls of the valve body, and the two ends of the distributor are integrated with the valve body.

14. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 13, wherein:

The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls, so The two parallel side walls of the valve body are parallel to the long sides of the rectangular blanking opening.

15. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 13 or 14, wherein:

The discharge openings are two identical rectangular discharge openings arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the relative positions of the two rectangular discharge openings on the bottom plate are the same.

16. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 1-3, wherein:

The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a rectangular discharge port, and the long side of the discharge port is parallel to the long side wall of the valve body, the short side of the discharge port is integrated with the valve body, the pneumatic solid discharge The valve includes a distributor with a rectangular bottom, the long sides of the bottom of the distributor are parallel to the two long side walls of the valve body, and the two ends of the distributor are integrated with the two ends of the valve body.

17. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 16, wherein:

The blanking port is a rectangular blanking port whose long side is parallel to the long side wall of the valve body, and whose short side is integrated with the valve body. The center of the rectangular blanking port coincides with the center of the valve body.

18. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 13 and 16, wherein:

The distributor is a triangular prism distributor with a rectangular bottom.

19. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 1-3, wherein:

The valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder. The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two rectangular discharge ports with long sides parallel to each other arranged in parallel and spaced apart. The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two distributors with rectangular bottom surfaces. , are respectively arranged above the corresponding rectangular discharge ports, and the four sides of each discharge port and the four sides of the bottom surface of the distributor are respectively parallel to the four side walls of the valve body.

20. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 19, wherein:

The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls, so The two parallel side walls of the valve body are parallel to the long sides of the rectangular blanking opening.

21. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 7, wherein:

Each delivery air outlet is an injection hole arranged on the air supply header, and the air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto, and the air supply header is a ring concentric with the valve body.

22. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 7, wherein:

Each air supply outlet is an injection hole arranged on the air supply header, and each air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto, and the air supply header is spaced apart in the circumferential direction and connected to the Concentric arcuate segments of the valve body.

23. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 22, wherein:

A plurality of partitions are arranged in the gap between the bottom surface of the distributor and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the plurality of partitions divide the gap into a plurality of identical fan-shaped areas, and each fan-shaped area has a or multiple arc segments.

24. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 11, 12, 14, 20, wherein:

Each air supply outlet is a spray hole arranged on the air supply header, and each air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto.

25. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to 1, wherein:

Each delivery air outlet is supplied with air by a corresponding air supply pipe.

26. The pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of 1-25, wherein:

Between the blanking opening and the side wall, a loosening tuyere is provided at the bottom plate for blowing loosening wind upward.

27. A method for flat discharge of bulk material using the pneumatic solid discharge valve according to any one of 1-25, comprising the steps of:

Stop the air supply to the conveying tuyeres so that the bulk material is in a self-locking state to close the pneumatic solids discharge valve; and

Supply air to the delivery tuyere to open the pneumatic solids discharge valve.

28. The method according to 27, wherein:

The step of supplying air to the delivery tuyere to open the pneumatic solids discharge valve includes adjusting the amount of supply air entering the delivery tuyere.

29. The method according to 27, wherein:

The step of supplying air to the conveying tuyeres to open the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes controlling whether to supply air to different conveying tuyeres and/or the duration of the air supply.

30. The method according to 27, wherein:

A loose tuyere is provided at the bottom plate between the blanking opening and the side wall;

The step of supplying air to the delivery tuyeres to open the pneumatic solids discharge valve includes blowing loosening air upwards from the loosening tuyeres.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by The appended claims and their equivalents are defined.

Claims (29)

1. A pneumatic solids discharge valve for bulk materials, comprising: The valve body has a side wall and a bottom plate, and the middle part of the bottom plate is provided with a blanking port; Distributor; at least one delivery tuyere parallel to the base plate, in: The distributor is arranged directly above the discharge opening and forms a gap of height H between the bottom surface of the distributor directly above the discharge opening and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the gap between the projection edge of the distributor on the bottom plate and the edge of the discharge opening The minimum distance between is M; The minimum distance between the distributor and the side wall is W; The conveying tuyere is used for conveying wind, and the conveying tuyere is configured such that the flow direction of the conveying wind is approximately horizontal from the side wall through the gap toward the discharge opening; and for specific bulk materials, M>H cotβ is satisfied, where , β is the angle of repose of the bulk material, The edge of the discharge opening is provided with an annular protrusion protruding toward the inside of the gap. 2. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 1 wherein: The length L of the delivery tuyere from the side wall ranges from 0 to W. 3. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein: The valve body is cylindrical, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a circular discharge port, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a circular bottom surface, the distributor and the discharge port are relative to the valve body The central axis of the rotation symmetrical arrangement. 4. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 3, wherein: The distributor is a cone, and the bottom surface of the cone is used as the bottom surface of the distributor. 5. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 3, wherein: The distributor is a cylinder; or the upper and lower parts of the distributor are cones and cylinders connected to each other. 6. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 4-5, wherein: The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, and the plurality of conveying tuyeres are arranged at equiangular intervals around the discharge opening in the circumferential direction. 7. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein: The valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a rectangular discharge opening, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a rectangular bottom surface, the centroid of the discharge opening, the The centroids of the bottom surface of the distributor are all located on the central axis of the valve body, and the four sides of the discharge opening and the four sides of the bottom surface of the distributor are respectively parallel to the four side walls of the valve body. 8. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 7, wherein: The distributor is a quadrangular pyramid, and the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid is the bottom surface of the distributor. 9. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 7, wherein: The distributor includes a quadrangular prism, and the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism is the bottom surface of the distributor. 10. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 8-9, wherein: The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into four groups respectively arranged on the four side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls. 11. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 8-9, wherein: The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls. 12. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein: The valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder, and the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two rectangular discharge openings with long sides parallel to each other arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the four sides of each discharge opening are in contact with the four side walls of the valve body. parallel to each other, the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a distributor with a rectangular bottom, the long side of the bottom of the distributor is parallel to the two long side walls of the valve body, and the two ends of the distributor are integrated with the valve body. 13. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 12, wherein: The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls, so The two parallel side walls of the valve body are parallel to the long sides of the rectangular blanking opening. 14. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 13, wherein: The discharge openings are two identical rectangular discharge openings arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the relative positions of the two rectangular discharge openings on the bottom plate are the same. 15. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of any one of claims 1-2, wherein: The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a rectangular discharge port, and the long side of the discharge port is parallel to the long side wall of the valve body, the short side of the discharge port is integrated with the valve body, the pneumatic solid discharge The valve includes a distributor with a rectangular bottom, the long sides of the bottom of the distributor are parallel to the two long side walls of the valve body, and the two ends of the distributor are integrated with the two ends of the valve body. 16. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 15, wherein: The blanking port is a rectangular blanking port whose long side is parallel to the long side wall of the valve body, and whose short side is integrated with the valve body. The center of the rectangular blanking port coincides with the center of the valve body. 17. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 15, wherein: The distributor is a triangular prism distributor with a rectangular bottom. 18. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of any one of claims 1-2, wherein: The valve body is in the shape of a rectangular cylinder. The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two rectangular discharge ports with long sides parallel to each other arranged in parallel and spaced apart. The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes two distributors with rectangular bottom surfaces. , are respectively arranged above the corresponding rectangular discharge ports, and the four sides of each discharge port and the four sides of the bottom surface of the distributor are respectively parallel to the four side walls of the valve body. 19. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 18, wherein: The pneumatic solid discharge valve includes a plurality of conveying tuyeres, which are divided into two groups respectively arranged on two parallel side walls of the valve body, and the conveying tuyeres in each group are arranged at equal intervals along the side walls, so The two parallel side walls of the valve body are parallel to the long sides of the rectangular blanking opening. 20. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 6, wherein: Each delivery air outlet is an injection hole arranged on the air supply header, and the air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto, and the air supply header is a ring concentric with the valve body. 21. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 6, wherein: Each air supply outlet is an injection hole arranged on the air supply header, and each air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto, and the air supply header is spaced apart in the circumferential direction and connected to the Concentric arcuate segments of the valve body. 22. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 21 wherein: A plurality of partitions are arranged in the gap between the bottom surface of the distributor and the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the plurality of partitions divide the gap into a plurality of identical fan-shaped areas, and each fan-shaped area has a or multiple arc segments. 23. A pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 13, 19 wherein: Each air supply outlet is a spray hole arranged on the air supply header, and each air supply header has at least one air supply pipe for supplying air thereto. 24. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of claim 1 wherein: Each delivery air outlet is supplied with air by a corresponding air supply pipe. 25. The pneumatic solids discharge valve of any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19-22, 24, wherein: Between the blanking opening and the side wall, a loosening tuyere is provided at the bottom plate for blowing loosening wind upward. 26. A method of discharging bulk material using a pneumatic solids discharge valve according to any one of claims 1-25, comprising the steps of: Stop the air supply to the conveying tuyere so that the bulk material is in a self-locking state to close the pneumatic solid discharge valve; and supply air to the conveying tuyere to open the pneumatic solid discharge valve. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein: The step of supplying air to the delivery tuyere to open the pneumatic solids discharge valve includes adjusting the amount of supply air entering the delivery tuyere. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein: The step of supplying air to the conveying tuyeres to open the pneumatic solid discharge valve includes controlling whether to supply air to different conveying tuyeres and/or the duration of the air supply. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein: A loose tuyere is provided at the bottom plate between the blanking opening and the side wall; The step of supplying air to the conveying tuyeres to open the pneumatic solids discharge valve includes blowing loosening air upwards from said loosening tuyeres.