CN106259486A - Botanical pesticide of preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew and its preparation method and application. The pesticide includes Euphorbiaceae plant extract, solubilizer and water; the percentages of the weight of the pesticide are: Euphorbiaceae 15-45% of plant extract, 1-20% of solubilizer, and the rest is water; The mixture is ground into powder after drying, and then the extract is obtained by using an organic solvent as the extraction solvent and concentrating under reduced pressure. The invention has high control effect on wheat powdery mildew, can be directly applied to prevent and control the disease, has the characteristics of no pollution, no pollution and no residue, and avoids the harm of chemical pesticides.

Description

Botanical pesticide for preventing and controlling wheat powdery mildew, preparation method and application thereof

technical field

The present invention relates to a preparation in the technical field of agricultural fungicides, in particular to a botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

Wheat is the general name of wheat plants, and it is a kind of gramineous plant widely planted all over the world. The caryopsis of wheat is one of the staple foods of human beings. After being ground into flour, it can be used to make bread, noodles and other foods; after fermentation, it can be made into beer , alcohol or biofuels. Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, minerals, calcium, iron, vitamin C, etc. There are 43 countries in the world, and 35%-40% of the population takes wheat as the main food. According to the statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2004, the harvested area of wheat in the world is 3.236 billion mu (1 mu is about 667 square meters), with a per unit yield of 193.8 kg/mu and a total output of 627 million tons. It is mainly planted in North China, while less wheat is planted in South China. Wheat is one of the most important rations in China, with a planting area of 210 million mu. The development of the wheat industry is directly related to national food security and social stability.

Wheat powdery mildew is a worldwide disease caused by Blumeria graminisf.sp.tritici, and it is one of the main diseases threatening wheat production. It is distributed in all major wheat-producing countries. It is common in Shandong coastal areas, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and the damage is also serious. In recent years, the disease has also become more and more serious in the Northeast, North China, and Northwest wheat regions. The disease can infect the above-ground organs of wheat plants, but mainly leaves and leaf sheaths, and glumes and awns can also be affected when the disease is severe.

Due to the difficulty in identifying the pathogenic species of powdery mildew, the inconsistency of external test environments and the differences in cucumber germplasm, it is very complicated to study the genetic mechanism of powdery mildew resistance in wheat germplasm and carry out disease-resistant breeding. Moreover, even if a disease-resistant wheat variety is selected, due to differences in the types of powdery mildew in different countries and regions, the disease may still occur. Therefore, the control of wheat powdery mildew mainly focuses on chemical control. The existing fungicides have a single site of action, and bacteria are prone to develop drug resistance under the selective pressure of the agents. And long-term use in large quantities makes the adverse effects such as drug resistance, high residue, and environmental pollution increasingly prominent. The purpose of the invention of this patent is to control the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew by using the water preparation prepared from the whole plant extract of the natural non-toxic plant Dijincao

After searching the prior art literature, Tian Xiaowei et al. found in "A Preliminary Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Secondary Metabolites of Actinomycetes" that the fermented liquid of Actinomycetes No. 24 had significant control effect on wheat powdery mildew. Yang Sanwei et al. "Study on the Control Effects of Crude Extracts of Several Plant Sources on Wheat Powdery Mildew" used the greenhouse pot method to measure the control effects of crude extracts of several plants on wheat powdery mildew. Powdery mildew has obvious control effect. However, it only simply extracts plant materials, and there is no research on the preparation of wheat powdery mildew with synergists.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew and its preparation method and application, so that it has a high control effect on wheat powdery mildew and can be directly used for preventing and controlling this disease , and has the characteristics of pollution-free, pollution-free and non-toxic, avoiding the harm of chemical pesticides

The first object of the present invention is to provide a plant-derived pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew. The pesticide includes Euphorbiaceae plant extract concentrate, solubilizer, and water. The percentages of the weight of the pesticides are: Euphorbiaceae plant extract 15-45%, solubilizer 1-20%, and the rest is water.

Preferably, the Euphorbiaceae plant extract is one or more mixtures of branches, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits that are pruned or naturally shed from the Euphorbiaceae plants.

Preferably, the plant of Euphorbiaceae is one or more of Chinese tallow tree, tung tree, abacus, jatropha, autumn maple, Chongyang wood, poinsettia, tiger thorn plum, cassava, cassava, and castor.

Preferably, the solubilizing agent refers to a pesticide auxiliary agent (tea saponin, organosilicon surfactant, anionic surfactant, Tween surfactant) that can reduce surface tension and increase wettability, adhesion and permeability. agent).

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew, the method is: using one or more of the branches, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of Euphorbiaceae plants After the mixture is dried, it is ground into powder, and then an organic solvent is used as an extraction solvent, and the Euphorbiaceae plant extract is obtained by concentrating under reduced pressure; a solubilizer and water are added, and a plant source for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew is prepared according to a conventional process. biological pesticides.

Preferably, the drying refers to: drying at 40-50 degrees.

Preferably, the powder refers to: 20-40 mesh granular powder.

Preferably, the organic solvent refers to one or more of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and ethanol.

Preferably, the leaching is for 1-7 days.

Preferably, said concentrating under reduced pressure refers to: vacuumize the crude extract obtained after leaching to -0.1 atmospheric pressure and place it in a water bath at 40-60 degrees, so that the crude extract is concentrated into an extract.

The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned botanical pesticide, that is, to apply it directly to plants by spraying for the prevention and treatment of wheat powdery mildew.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The botanical pesticide of the present invention is derived from the Euphorbiaceae plant extract. The Euphorbiaceae plant can be one or more mixtures of branches, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Better, the Euphorbiaceae plant can be used for pruning or natural The fallen branches, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits are used as raw materials, which are non-polluting to the environment and safe for humans and animals. The final solvent can also be reused. The botanical pesticide of the invention is directly applied to plants by spraying, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of wheat powdery mildew.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Pot experiment of preventing wheat powdery mildew

Weigh one or several mixtures of Chinese tallow tree, tung tree, abacus, autumn maple, Chongyang wood, Dijin grass, cassava plant pruning or naturally fallen branches, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, 50 ℃ Dried and ground into powder, a total of 100g (of which 10% Chinese tallow tree, 10% tung tree, 10% abacus, 30% autumn maple, 10% Chongyang wood, 20% Dijin grass, 10% cassava), in a glass jar Extract with 1L of 65% ethyl acetate in 3 times of sealing and soaking (0.5, 0.25, 0.25L), soak for 24 hours each time, filter and combine the filtrates. After concentrating under reduced pressure with a rotary evaporator at 50°C, the concentrated extract of the Euphorbiaceae plant was obtained. The preparation contains 15% of concentrated extract, 1% of anionic surfactant and water to make up to 100% of water, so as to obtain the botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew.

Using the above-mentioned botanical pesticides for the control of powdery mildew, preventive experiments were carried out on wheat powdery mildew. The test method used the laboratory bioassay test guidelines for fungicides part 4: potted plant method for control of wheat powdery mildew (NY/T 1156.4-2006). In the pot experiment, the preventive effects reached 80.6% (diluted 100 times), 70.32% (diluted 150 times), and 62.3% (diluted 200 times).

Example 2

Pot experiment of preventing wheat powdery mildew

Weigh one or several mixtures of Chinese tallow tree, poinsettia, tiger thorn, pruned or naturally fallen branches, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits from plants in cassava, poinsettia, tiger thorn, dried at 50°C, and ground into powder , a total of 100g (including 30% of Chinese tallow tree, 10% of poinsettia, 20% of tiger thorn, 30% of Dijincao, and 10% of cassava), dried at 50°C, ground into powder, and divided into 1L of 70% ethanol in a glass jar. Sealed and soaked for 3 extractions (0.5, 0.25, 0.25 L), soaked for 24 hours each time, filtered and combined the filtrates. After concentrating under reduced pressure with a rotary evaporator at 50°C, the concentrated extract of the Euphorbiaceae plant was obtained. The preparation contains 20% concentrated extract, 8% anionic surfactant and water to make up to 100% water formulation to obtain the botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew.

With the botanical pesticide for preventing and controlling powdery mildew of the present invention, preventive experiment is carried out to wheat powdery mildew, test method adopts pesticide indoor bioassay test guideline fungicide part 4: control wheat powdery mildew test potted method (NY/T 1156.4-2006) . In the pot experiment, the preventive effects reached 87.6% (diluted 100 times), 80.32% (diluted 150 times), and 74.3% (diluted 200 times).

Example 3

Pot experiment on treating wheat powdery mildew

Weigh one or several mixtures of Chinese tallow tree, abacus, poinsettia, dijincao, and castor plant trimmed or naturally fallen branches, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, dry at 50°C, and grind into powder , a total of 100g (including 30% of Chinese tallow tree, 11% of abacus, 19% of poinsettia, 20% of Dijincao, and 20% of castor), in a glass jar, use 70% petroleum ether 1L to seal and soak for 3 times to extract (0.5, 0.25,0.25L), soak for 24 hours each time, filter and combine the filtrates. After concentrating under reduced pressure with a rotary evaporator at 50°C, the concentrated extract of the Euphorbiaceae plant was obtained. The preparation contains 45% concentrated extract, 20% Tween and water supplemented to 100% water formulation to obtain the botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew.

With the botanical pesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, the treatment experiment is carried out to wheat powdery mildew with the botanical pesticide for preventing and controlling powdery mildew of the present invention. Disease test potted method (NY/T 1156.4-2006). In the pot experiment, the therapeutic effect reaches 89.23% (diluted 100 times) and 78.52% (diluted 200 times) respectively.

Example 4

Pot experiment of preventing wheat powdery mildew

Weigh one or several mixtures of branches, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits that are pruned or naturally fallen off from Chinese tallow tree, tung tree, jatropha, autumn maple, Chongyang wood, cassava, and castor. Dried and ground into powder, a total of 100g (of which 10% Chinese tallow tree, 7% tung tree, 13% Jatropha curcas, 30% autumn maple, 10% Chongyang wood, 10% cassava, 20% castor) used in a glass jar 1L of 70% n-butanol was divided into 3 times and sealed and soaked for extraction (0.5, 0.25, 0.25L), soaked for 24 hours each time, filtered and combined the filtrates. After concentrating under reduced pressure with a rotary evaporator at 50°C, the concentrated extract of the Euphorbiaceae plant was obtained. The preparation contains 40% of concentrated extract, 15% of anion surfactant and water to make up to 100% of water, so as to obtain the botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew.

With the botanical pesticide for preventing and controlling powdery mildew of the present invention, preventive experiment is carried out to wheat powdery mildew, test method adopts pesticide indoor bioassay test guideline fungicide part 4: control wheat powdery mildew test potted method (NY/T 1156.4-2006) . In the pot experiment, the preventive effects reached 81.72% (diluted 100 times), 76.13% (diluted 150 times), and 68.75% (diluted 200 times).

Example 5

Pot experiment of preventing wheat powdery mildew

Weigh one or several mixtures of keel, castor oil, and sagebrush plant pruning or naturally falling branches, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, dry at 40°C, and grind into powder, a total of 100g ( Among them, the keel accounted for 30%, the castor plant 30%, and the grass 40%) were sealed and soaked in a glass jar with 1L of 70% ethanol for 3 times (0.5, 0.25, 0.25L), soaked for 24 hours each time, filtered and combined the filtrate . After concentrating under reduced pressure with a rotary evaporator at 50°C, the concentrated extract of the Euphorbiaceae plant was obtained. The preparation contains 30% of concentrated extract, 11% of anionic surfactant and water to make up to 100% of water, so as to obtain the botanical pesticide for preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew.

With the botanical pesticide for preventing and controlling powdery mildew of the present invention, preventive experiment is carried out to wheat powdery mildew, test method adopts pesticide indoor bioassay test guideline fungicide part 4: control wheat powdery mildew test potted method (NY/T 1156.4-2006) . In the pot experiment, the preventive effects reached 88.86% (diluted 100 times) and 75.13% (diluted 200 times) respectively.

Above-mentioned embodiment just enumerates the effect of control under different conditions simply, wherein the content of each composition, the character of the solvent of extracting, the content of concentrate, and the kind and the change of content of solubilizing agent, the prevention and control mode of wheat powdery mildew (treatment, Prevention) can greatly affect the bactericidal effect. It can be seen from the above examples that the present invention contains many variables, and the relationship between it and the control effect cannot be judged according to the change of a certain variable, and the sterilization is realized through the coordination and cooperation between multiple variables.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the botanical pesticide preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew, it is characterised in that: described pesticide includes euphorbia plant extractum, increasing Solvent and water；The degree of pesticide weight shared by them is respectively: euphorbia plant extractum 15-45%, solubilizing agent 1- 20%, remaining is water；

Described euphorbia plant extractum, is to be dried by one or more mixture of the branch of euphorbia plant, stem, leaf, flower, fruit Clay into power after Gan, then using organic solvent as extraction solvent, use the extractum that the method for concentrating under reduced pressure obtains.

2. the botanical pesticide preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described euphorbia plant, Refer in Cortex Sapii Radicis, Aleurites fordii Hemsl., Fructus glochidionis puberi(Herba Glochidii Puberi), Jatropha curcas, Qiu Feng, Bischofia polycarpa, poinsettia, euphorbia milii, Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae, Maninot esculenta crantz., Semen Ricini Plant or several.

3. a preparation method for the botanical biological pesticide of the preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew as described in any one of claim 1-2, It is characterized in that: clay into power after one or more mixture of the branch of euphorbia plant, stem, leaf, flower, fruit are dried, then Using organic solvent as extraction solvent, the method for concentrating under reduced pressure is used to obtain euphorbia plant extractum；Add solubilizing agent and water, press More solito technique, makes the botanical biological pesticide of preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew.

The preparation method of the botanical biological pesticide of preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: Described drying refers to: in 40 50 degree of lower drying.

The preparation method of the botanical biological pesticide of preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: Described powder refers to: the particulate powder of 20 40 mesh.

The preparation method of the botanical biological pesticide of preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: Described organic solvent refers to one or more in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, ethanol.

The preparation method of the botanical biological pesticide of preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: Described extraction, the time is 17 days.

8., according to the preparation method of botanical biological pesticide of the described preventing and treating wheat powdery mildew of claim 3, its feature exists In: described concentrating under reduced pressure refers to: the crude extract evacuation obtained after by extraction is depressurized to-0.1 atmospheric pressure and is placed in 40-60 The lower water-bath of degree, crude extract concentrates as extractum.

9. the application of the botanical biological pesticide described in an any one of claim 1-2, it is characterised in that: by the side of spraying Method is applied directly on plant, for the preventing and treating of wheat powdery mildew.