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CN106252770A - Method for separating anode material and current collector of waste lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for separating anode material and current collector of waste lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106252770A
CN106252770A CN201610658042.3A CN201610658042A CN106252770A CN 106252770 A CN106252770 A CN 106252770A CN 201610658042 A CN201610658042 A CN 201610658042A CN 106252770 A CN106252770 A CN 106252770A
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positive electrode
current collector
electrode material
ion battery
oxidation reaction
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欧阳浩淼
李新峰
王双双
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Gotion High Tech Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,包括以下步骤:将废旧锂离子电池放电完全后拆解,取出正极片,去离子水清洗干净,晾干待用;将正极片置于电解液中浸泡使其充分浸润,以正极片为正极,石墨片为负极,草酸溶液为电解液,通电进行电化学阳极氧化反应,铝箔集流体和正极材料分离;铝箔集流体直接回收利用;脱落下来的正极材料回收。本发明创新性地提出了一种破坏铝集流体和正极材料的接触界面的方法,从而可直接实现铝集流体和正极材料的分离;本发明方法温和,不会涉及极端高温或者产生大量气体等,方法简单有效,环境友好并且能耗低。

The invention discloses a method for separating the positive electrode material and the current collector of the waste lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: dismantling the waste lithium ion battery after fully discharging, taking out the positive electrode sheet, cleaning it with deionized water, and drying it for use; The sheet is soaked in the electrolyte to make it fully infiltrated. The positive electrode sheet is used as the positive electrode, the graphite sheet is used as the negative electrode, and the oxalic acid solution is used as the electrolyte solution. The electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction is carried out by electrification, and the aluminum foil current collector is separated from the positive electrode material; the aluminum foil current collector is directly recovered. Utilization; the cathode material falling off is recycled. The present invention innovatively proposes a method for destroying the contact interface between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode material, so that the separation of the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode material can be directly realized; the method of the present invention is mild and does not involve extreme high temperatures or the generation of a large amount of gas, etc. , the method is simple and effective, environment-friendly and low in energy consumption.

Description

一种分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法A method for separating positive electrode materials and current collectors of waste lithium-ion batteries

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及废旧锂离子电池回收技术领域,特别涉及正极片活性物质与正极集流体的分离方法。The invention relates to the technical field of recycling waste lithium-ion batteries, in particular to a method for separating positive electrode sheet active materials and positive electrode current collectors.

背景技术Background technique

近年来,随着全球锂离子电池产业的迅猛发展,其产能也在迅速的增长,行业内对相关材料的需求量同样在稳步的增加。特别是近几年来为了应对燃油汽车带来的环境问题,电动汽车成为了未来的重要发展方向,动力锂离子电池因此也迎来了大好的发展机遇。然而,可以预见的是,动力锂离子电池材料的消耗量将可能是传统电池的成千上万倍,甚至其中的锂和钴等金属会出现供不应求的现象。同时,锂离子电池的寿命是有限的,大量锂电池的使用将意味着有大量废旧锂电池的出现。若能够回收废旧电池的有价金属,不仅可以缓解资源紧张,创造巨大的经济价值,还可以解决废旧电池对环境的污染问题。因此,锂离子电池的回收及再利用成为了一个亟待解决的问题。In recent years, with the rapid development of the global lithium-ion battery industry, its production capacity is also increasing rapidly, and the demand for related materials in the industry is also steadily increasing. Especially in recent years, in order to deal with the environmental problems brought by fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have become an important development direction in the future, and power lithium-ion batteries have also ushered in great opportunities for development. However, it is foreseeable that the consumption of power lithium-ion battery materials may be tens of thousands of times that of traditional batteries, and even metals such as lithium and cobalt will be in short supply. At the same time, the life of lithium-ion batteries is limited, and the use of a large number of lithium batteries will mean the emergence of a large number of waste lithium batteries. If the valuable metals of waste batteries can be recovered, it can not only alleviate the shortage of resources, create huge economic value, but also solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste batteries. Therefore, the recovery and reuse of lithium-ion batteries has become an urgent problem to be solved.

目前,行业内对废旧电池的回收技术尚处在初级水平,尚且没有一个完善的回收方案。回收方法大都是无差别的将空电态的电池粉碎,然后采用浮选法、磁选法和湿化学法等来分离出目标的有价金属。由于前期没有对电池材料进行分类筛选,导致后期回收处理时步骤繁琐,能耗较高,并且回收效率不高。而事先将电极材料与集流体分离的方法还较少。正极活性物质通常是与溶于NMP的有机粘结剂(如PVDF)匀浆后涂覆在铝集流体上的,综合文献,目前将正极材料与集流体分离的方法主要有去除粘结剂和溶解集流体两种。去除粘结剂的方法往往需要高温处理,对温度的控制很重要,过高或者过低都不行,并且处理过程中有机物的燃烧会造成大气污染;而碱溶解集流体会产生大量的气体,气体会带出一部分碱液,会对环境和人带来一定的伤害,并且这种处理方法并没有达到事先分离的效果,溶解后正极活性物质也混入碱液中,需要额外的分离步骤。因此,目前还没有一种简单有效并兼顾能耗、环保等的分离正极材料和集流体的方法。At present, the recycling technology of used batteries in the industry is still at the primary level, and there is no perfect recycling plan. Most of the recycling methods are indiscriminately crushing the empty battery, and then using flotation, magnetic separation and wet chemical methods to separate the target valuable metals. Because the battery materials were not sorted and screened in the early stage, the steps of recycling in the later stage were cumbersome, the energy consumption was high, and the recycling efficiency was not high. However, there are few ways to separate the electrode material from the current collector in advance. The positive electrode active material is usually coated on the aluminum current collector after being homogenized with an NMP-soluble organic binder (such as PVDF). According to comprehensive literature, the current methods for separating the positive electrode material from the current collector mainly include removing the binder and Dissolves both current collectors. The method of removing the binder often requires high-temperature treatment, and it is very important to control the temperature. It will not work if it is too high or too low, and the combustion of organic matter during the treatment will cause air pollution; and the alkali-dissolved current collector will produce a large amount of gas, gas A part of the lye will be brought out, which will cause certain harm to the environment and people, and this treatment method does not achieve the effect of prior separation. After dissolution, the positive active material is also mixed into the lye, requiring additional separation steps. Therefore, there is currently no simple and effective method for separating cathode materials and current collectors that takes into account energy consumption and environmental protection.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术,提供一种分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,通过阳极氧化来破坏铝集流体和正极材料的接触界面,从而达到分离的目的。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the prior art and provide a method for separating the positive electrode material and the current collector of the waste lithium ion battery, and destroy the contact interface between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode material through anodic oxidation, so as to achieve the purpose of separation.

本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:A method for separating spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials and current collectors, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1)将废旧锂离子电池放电完全后拆解,取出正极片,去离子水清洗干净,晾干待用;(1) Disassemble the used lithium-ion battery after fully discharging, take out the positive plate, clean it with deionized water, and dry it for later use;

(2)将正极片置于电解液中浸泡一段时间使其充分浸润,以正极片为正极,石墨片为负极,草酸溶液为电解液,通电进行电化学阳极氧化反应,铝箔集流体和正极材料分离;(2) Soak the positive electrode in the electrolyte for a period of time to fully infiltrate it. The positive electrode is used as the positive electrode, the graphite sheet is used as the negative electrode, the oxalic acid solution is used as the electrolyte, and the electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction is carried out by electrification. Aluminum foil current collector and positive electrode material separation;

(3)步骤(2)电化学阳极氧化反应后,铝箔集流体直接回收利用;脱落下来的正极材料通过过滤回收。(3) After the electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction in step (2), the aluminum foil current collector is directly recycled; the fallen positive electrode material is recovered by filtration.

进一步方案,所述步骤(2)草酸溶液的溶度为0.2-0.6mol/L,氧化反应温度为5-25℃,氧化反应电压为40-80V,氧化反应时间在20-60min。In a further solution, the solubility of the oxalic acid solution in the step (2) is 0.2-0.6 mol/L, the oxidation reaction temperature is 5-25° C., the oxidation reaction voltage is 40-80 V, and the oxidation reaction time is 20-60 minutes.

进一步方案,所述步骤(2)浸泡时间为5-20min。In a further scheme, the soaking time of the step (2) is 5-20 minutes.

进一步方案,所述步骤(2)阳极氧化在集流体表面生成一层多孔氧化铝;氧化铝膜的形成将破坏铝集流体和正极材料的接触界面,并且氧化是膨胀的过程,膨胀产生的应力将进一步促使正极材料和铝箔的分离。In a further solution, the step (2) anodic oxidation generates a layer of porous alumina on the surface of the current collector; the formation of the aluminum oxide film will destroy the contact interface between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode material, and oxidation is a process of expansion, and the stress generated by the expansion It will further promote the separation of positive electrode material and aluminum foil.

本发明的有益效果:本发明创新性地提出了一种破坏铝集流体和正极材料的接触界面的方法,从而可直接实现铝集流体和正极材料的分离;其二,本方法直接从内部破坏其接触界面,铝片和正极材料充分分离,真正做到了回收过程中的前段分选;其三,与现有分离技术比较,本发明采用的方法温和,不会涉及极端高温或者产生大量气体等,方法简单有效,环境友好并且能耗低。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention innovatively proposes a method for destroying the contact interface between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode material, thereby directly realizing the separation of the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode material; second, this method directly destroys the aluminum current collector from the inside The contact interface, the aluminum sheet and the positive electrode material are fully separated, which truly achieves the front-stage sorting in the recycling process; third, compared with the existing separation technology, the method adopted by the present invention is mild and does not involve extreme high temperature or generate a large amount of gas, etc. , the method is simple and effective, environment-friendly and low in energy consumption.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明中阳极氧化装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anodizing device in the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

一种分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,包括步骤:将废旧锂离子电池放电完全后拆解,取出正极片,去离子水清洗干净,晾干待用;将正极片置于电解液中浸泡一段时间使其充分浸润,以正极片为正极,石墨片为负极,草酸溶液为电解液,通电进行电化学阳极氧化反应,正极片四周边缘用紧固密封装置固定,将正面区域直接暴露在电解液中,电极引线从侧边铝箔处引出,铝箔集流体和正极材料分离;电化学阳极氧化反应后,铝箔集流体直接回收利用;脱落下来的正极材料通过过滤回收。A method for separating the positive electrode material and current collector of a waste lithium ion battery, comprising the steps of: dismantling the waste lithium ion battery after fully discharging, taking out the positive electrode sheet, cleaning it with deionized water, and drying it for use; placing the positive electrode sheet in an electrolytic Soak in the solution for a period of time to make it fully infiltrated. The positive electrode is used as the positive electrode, the graphite sheet is used as the negative electrode, and the oxalic acid solution is used as the electrolyte. Electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction is carried out by electrification. When exposed to the electrolyte, the electrode leads are drawn from the side aluminum foil, and the aluminum foil current collector is separated from the positive electrode material; after the electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction, the aluminum foil current collector is directly recycled; the fallen positive electrode material is recovered by filtration.

电化学阳极氧化反应在阳极氧化装置中进行,如图1所示。The electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction is carried out in an anodic oxidation device, as shown in Figure 1.

实施例1Example 1

将尺寸为宽89 mm、高144 mm、厚12.5mm的软包叠片电池经过放电后拆解,取出其中的正极片,经清洗后获得69 mm*139 mm(高*宽)的正极片。将正极片固定在正极位置,正极片正反两面均暴露在电解液中,而四周密封。将其静置10min以达到浸润的目的。从铝箔集流体处引出导线连接电源的正极,以石墨作为负极,以0.2mol/L的草酸为电解液,在电压为60V,温度为20℃的条件下通电60min。结束时,脱落后的正极材料直接转入后续的回收工步,通过过滤等方式回收正极材料,而剩下的大块铝片可直接取下回收。Disassemble the soft-pack laminated battery with a size of 89 mm wide, 144 mm high, and 12.5 mm thick after discharge, take out the positive electrode sheet, and obtain a positive electrode sheet of 69 mm*139 mm (height*width) after cleaning. The positive electrode sheet is fixed at the positive electrode position, both sides of the positive electrode sheet are exposed to the electrolyte, and the surroundings are sealed. Let it stand for 10 minutes to achieve the purpose of infiltration. Lead wires from the aluminum foil current collector to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply, use graphite as the negative electrode, use 0.2mol/L oxalic acid as the electrolyte, and conduct electricity for 60 minutes at a voltage of 60V and a temperature of 20°C. At the end, the shed positive electrode material is directly transferred to the subsequent recycling step, and the positive electrode material is recovered through filtration and other methods, while the remaining large aluminum flakes can be directly removed for recycling.

实施例2Example 2

将尺寸为宽89 mm、高144 mm、厚12.5mm的软包叠片电池经过放电后拆解,取出其中的正极片,经清洗后获得69 mm*139 mm(高*宽)的正极片。将正极片固定在正极位置,正极片正反两面均暴露在电解液中,而四周密封。将其静置5min以达到浸润的目的。从铝箔集流体处引出导线连接电源的正极,以石墨作为负极,以0.5mol/L的草酸为电解液,在电压为80V,温度为10℃的条件下通电40min。结束时,脱落后的正极材料直接转入后续的回收工步,通过过滤等方式回收正极材料,而剩下的大块铝片可直接取下回收。Disassemble the soft-pack laminated battery with a size of 89 mm wide, 144 mm high, and 12.5 mm thick after discharge, take out the positive electrode sheet, and obtain a positive electrode sheet of 69 mm*139 mm (height*width) after cleaning. The positive electrode sheet is fixed at the positive electrode position, both sides of the positive electrode sheet are exposed to the electrolyte, and the surroundings are sealed. Let it stand for 5 minutes to achieve the purpose of infiltration. Lead wires from the aluminum foil current collector to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply, use graphite as the negative electrode, use 0.5mol/L oxalic acid as the electrolyte, and conduct electricity for 40 minutes at a voltage of 80V and a temperature of 10°C. At the end, the shed positive electrode material is directly transferred to the subsequent recycling step, and the positive electrode material is recovered through filtration and other methods, while the remaining large aluminum flakes can be directly removed for recycling.

实施例3Example 3

将尺寸为宽89mm、高144mm、厚12.5mm的软包叠片电池经过放电后拆解,取出其中的正极片,经清洗后获得69 mm*139 mm(高*宽)的正极片。将正极片固定在正极位置,正极片正反两面均暴露在电解液中,而四周密封。将其静置20min以达到浸润的目的。从铝箔集流体处引出导线连接电源的正极,以石墨作为负极,以0.6mol/L的草酸为电解液,在电压为40V,温度为25℃的条件下通电20min。结束时,脱落后的正极材料直接转入后续的回收工步,通过过滤等方式回收正极材料,而剩下的大块铝片可直接取下回收。Disassemble the soft-pack laminated battery with a size of 89 mm wide, 144 mm high, and 12.5 mm thick after discharge, take out the positive electrode sheet, and obtain a positive electrode sheet of 69 mm*139 mm (height*width) after cleaning. The positive electrode sheet is fixed at the positive electrode position, both sides of the positive electrode sheet are exposed to the electrolyte, and the surroundings are sealed. Let it stand for 20 minutes to achieve the purpose of infiltration. Lead wires from the aluminum foil current collector to connect to the positive electrode of the power supply, use graphite as the negative electrode, use 0.6mol/L oxalic acid as the electrolyte, and conduct electricity for 20 minutes at a voltage of 40V and a temperature of 25°C. At the end, the shed positive electrode material is directly transferred to the subsequent recycling step, and the positive electrode material is recovered through filtration and other methods, while the remaining large aluminum flakes can be directly removed for recycling.

Claims (4)

1.一种分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. A method for separating waste and old lithium-ion battery cathode material and current collector, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1)将废旧锂离子电池放电完全后拆解,取出正极片,去离子水清洗干净,晾干待用;(1) Disassemble the used lithium-ion battery after fully discharging, take out the positive plate, clean it with deionized water, and dry it for later use; (2)将正极片置于电解液中浸泡一段时间使其充分浸润,以正极片为正极,石墨片为负极,草酸溶液为电解液,通电进行电化学阳极氧化反应,铝箔集流体和正极材料分离;(2) Soak the positive electrode in the electrolyte for a period of time to fully infiltrate it. The positive electrode is used as the positive electrode, the graphite sheet is used as the negative electrode, the oxalic acid solution is used as the electrolyte, and the electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction is carried out by electrification. Aluminum foil current collector and positive electrode material separation; (3)步骤(2)电化学阳极氧化反应后,铝箔集流体直接回收利用;脱落下来的正极材料通过过滤回收。(3) After the electrochemical anodic oxidation reaction in step (2), the aluminum foil current collector is directly recycled; the fallen positive electrode material is recovered by filtration. 2.根据权利要求1所述的分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)草酸溶液的溶度为0.2-0.6mol/L,氧化反应温度为5-25℃,氧化反应电压为40-80V,氧化反应时间在20-60min。2. The method for separating the positive electrode material and the current collector of the waste lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, the solubility of the oxalic acid solution in the step (2) is 0.2-0.6mol/L, and the oxidation reaction temperature is 5 -25°C, the oxidation reaction voltage is 40-80V, and the oxidation reaction time is 20-60min. 3.根据权利要求1所述的分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)浸泡时间为5-20min。3. The method for separating the positive electrode material and the current collector of the waste lithium-ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the soaking time in the step (2) is 5-20 minutes. 4.根据权利要求1所述的分离废旧锂离子电池正极材料与集流体的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)阳极氧化在集流体表面生成一层多孔氧化铝;氧化铝膜的形成将破坏铝集流体和正极材料的接触界面,并且氧化是膨胀的过程,膨胀产生的应力将进一步促使正极材料和铝箔的分离。4. The method for separating the positive electrode material and the current collector of the waste lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, the step (2) anodic oxidation generates a layer of porous alumina on the surface of the current collector; the formation of the aluminum oxide film The contact interface between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode material will be destroyed, and oxidation is an expansion process, and the stress generated by the expansion will further promote the separation of the positive electrode material and the aluminum foil.
CN201610658042.3A 2016-08-11 2016-08-11 Method for separating anode material and current collector of waste lithium ion battery Pending CN106252770A (en)

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CN109659642A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-04-19 广西师范大学 The method of aluminium foil and positive active material in separating waste, worn based lithium-ion battery positive plate
CN110238165A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-09-17 天津赛德美新能源科技有限公司 A separation device for dismantling the negative electrode sheet of a lithium battery
CN112151902A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-12-29 昆明理工大学 A method for rapid separation and high-value utilization of electrode materials and current collectors
CN116259872A (en) * 2022-12-31 2023-06-13 中南大学 LFP-LMO positive electrode material coupling electrodialysis recovery method and device
CN118213656A (en) * 2024-03-28 2024-06-18 广东华菁新能源科技有限公司 Positive plate recycling method suitable for retired lithium ion power battery
WO2025043371A1 (en) * 2023-08-25 2025-03-06 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for recycling materials in waste batteries by means of full-chain integrated treatment

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109659642A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-04-19 广西师范大学 The method of aluminium foil and positive active material in separating waste, worn based lithium-ion battery positive plate
CN110238165A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-09-17 天津赛德美新能源科技有限公司 A separation device for dismantling the negative electrode sheet of a lithium battery
CN112151902A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-12-29 昆明理工大学 A method for rapid separation and high-value utilization of electrode materials and current collectors
CN116259872A (en) * 2022-12-31 2023-06-13 中南大学 LFP-LMO positive electrode material coupling electrodialysis recovery method and device
WO2025043371A1 (en) * 2023-08-25 2025-03-06 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for recycling materials in waste batteries by means of full-chain integrated treatment
CN118213656A (en) * 2024-03-28 2024-06-18 广东华菁新能源科技有限公司 Positive plate recycling method suitable for retired lithium ion power battery

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