CN106252687A - A kind of fuel battery reaction device - Google Patents
A kind of fuel battery reaction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106252687A CN106252687A CN201610820703.8A CN201610820703A CN106252687A CN 106252687 A CN106252687 A CN 106252687A CN 201610820703 A CN201610820703 A CN 201610820703A CN 106252687 A CN106252687 A CN 106252687A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃料电池反应装置，包括燃料电池反应本体和箱体，所述燃料电池反应本体放置于所述箱体内；所述燃料电池反应本体由冷却板、阳极室、质子交换膜和阴极室依次拼接而成，所述燃料电池反应本体上端间隔设置有阴极燃料进口通道、冷却流体进口通道和阳极燃料进口通道，所述燃料电池反应本体下端间隔设置有阳极燃料出口通道、冷却流体出口通道和阴极燃料出口通道。本发明燃料电池反应装置作为燃料电池反应本体的同时也作为燃料电池的散热器，将反应装置和散热器整合一体化，阴极燃料和阳极燃料通过各种通道进行化学反应，其窄小而曲折的通道增大燃料的反应面积，提高燃料的反应效率；其紧凑的结构、占地面积小，提高了燃料电池的功率。
The invention discloses a fuel cell reaction device, which comprises a fuel cell reaction body and a box, the fuel cell reaction body is placed in the box; the fuel cell reaction body consists of a cooling plate, an anode chamber, a proton exchange membrane and The cathode chambers are spliced sequentially. The upper end of the fuel cell reaction body is provided with a cathode fuel inlet channel, a cooling fluid inlet channel, and an anode fuel inlet channel at intervals. The lower end of the fuel cell reaction body is provided with an anode fuel outlet channel and a cooling fluid outlet at intervals. channels and cathode fuel outlet channels. The fuel cell reaction device of the present invention serves as the reaction body of the fuel cell and also serves as the radiator of the fuel cell. The reaction device and the radiator are integrated, and the cathode fuel and the anode fuel undergo chemical reactions through various channels. The channel enlarges the reaction area of the fuel and improves the reaction efficiency of the fuel; its compact structure and small footprint increase the power of the fuel cell.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃料电池技术领域，尤其是指一种燃料电池反应装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell reaction device.
背景技术Background technique
经过近20多年的高速发展，质子交换膜燃料电池技术取得了巨大的进步，成功地解决了很多问题。但是要想实现质子交换膜燃料电池仍然存在体积比功率低、反应热所带来的热安全性问题、成本高等问题限制了其在电动汽车及其他领域的商业化。要实现燃料电池电动车的商业化,必须使燃料电池电动车的性能相当于甚至优于现在的内燃机汽车,同时价格与现在的内燃机汽车价格持平甚至比其更低。而目前的燃料电池电动车成本相对较高。如何提高燃料电池性能并降低其制造成本是燃料电池电动车商业化的关键问题之一。After nearly 20 years of rapid development, proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology has made great progress and successfully solved many problems. However, in order to realize proton exchange membrane fuel cells, there are still problems such as low volume specific power, thermal safety problems caused by reaction heat, and high cost, which limit its commercialization in electric vehicles and other fields. In order to realize the commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles, the performance of fuel cell electric vehicles must be equivalent to or even better than that of current internal combustion engine vehicles, and at the same time, the price is equal to or even lower than that of current internal combustion engine vehicles. The current cost of fuel cell electric vehicles is relatively high. How to improve fuel cell performance and reduce its manufacturing cost is one of the key issues in the commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles.
板式换热器结构是用薄金属板压制成具有一定波纹形状的换热板片，然后叠装，用夹板、螺栓紧固而成的一种换热器。各种板片之间形成薄矩形通道，通过半片进行热交换或反应。工作流体在两块板片间形成的窄小而曲折的通道中流过。中间有一隔层板片将流体分开。板式换热器的结构决定了其具有结构紧凑、占地面积小、传热效率高、操作灵活性大、应用范围广、热损失小、安装和清洗方便等特点。The structure of the plate heat exchanger is a kind of heat exchanger formed by pressing thin metal plates into heat exchange plates with a certain corrugated shape, then stacking them, and fastening them with splints and bolts. Thin rectangular channels are formed between various plates, and heat exchange or reaction is carried out through the half plates. The working fluid flows through the narrow and tortuous channel formed between the two plates. There is a partition plate in the middle to separate the fluid. The structure of the plate heat exchanger determines that it has the characteristics of compact structure, small footprint, high heat transfer efficiency, high operational flexibility, wide application range, small heat loss, and convenient installation and cleaning.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决现有燃料电池存在反应效率低、成本投入高、冷却效率过低和运行稳定性差的问题，提供一种采用板式换热器结构的，具有反应效率高、换热效率好、成本投入低和稳定可靠的燃料电池反应装置。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of low reaction efficiency, high cost input, low cooling efficiency and poor operation stability of the existing fuel cell, and provide a fuel cell with a plate heat exchanger structure, which has high reaction efficiency and good heat exchange efficiency , low cost and stable and reliable fuel cell reaction device.
本发明所采用的技术方案：一种燃料电池反应装置，包括燃料电池反应本体和箱体，所述燃料电池反应本体放置于所述箱体内；所述燃料电池反应本体由冷却板、阳极室、质子交换膜和阴极室依次拼接而成，所述燃料电池反应本体上端间隔设置有阴极燃料进口通道、冷却流体进口通道和阳极燃料进口通道，所述燃料电池反应本体下端间隔设置有阳极燃料出口通道、冷却流体出口通道和阴极燃料出口通道；所述阳极室的两端分别与所述阳极燃料进口通道和阴极燃料出口通道贯通，所述冷却板的两端分别与所述冷却流体进口通道和冷却流体出口通道贯通，所述阴极室的两端分别与所述阴极燃料进口通道和阳极燃料出口通道贯通。The technical solution adopted in the present invention: a fuel cell reaction device, including a fuel cell reaction body and a box, the fuel cell reaction body is placed in the box; the fuel cell reaction body consists of a cooling plate, an anode chamber, The proton exchange membrane and the cathode chamber are sequentially spliced, the upper end of the fuel cell reaction body is provided with cathode fuel inlet channels, cooling fluid inlet channels and anode fuel inlet channels at intervals, and the lower end of the fuel cell reaction body is provided with anode fuel outlet channels at intervals , a cooling fluid outlet channel and a cathode fuel outlet channel; the two ends of the anode chamber are connected to the anode fuel inlet channel and the cathode fuel outlet channel respectively, and the two ends of the cooling plate are respectively connected to the cooling fluid inlet channel and the cooling The fluid outlet passage is connected, and the two ends of the cathode chamber are respectively connected with the cathode fuel inlet passage and the anode fuel outlet passage.
优选的，所述燃料电池反应本体还包括密封垫片，所述密封垫片设置于所述冷却板与所述阳极室之间、所述阳极室与所述质子交换膜之间和所述质子交换膜与所述阴极室之间。Preferably, the fuel cell reaction body further includes sealing gaskets, and the sealing gaskets are arranged between the cooling plate and the anode chamber, between the anode chamber and the proton exchange membrane, and between the proton exchange membrane Between the exchange membrane and the cathode chamber.
优选的，所述阳极燃料出口通道、所述冷却流体出口通道和所述阴极燃料出口通道均为薄矩形通道。Preferably, the anode fuel outlet channel, the cooling fluid outlet channel and the cathode fuel outlet channel are all thin rectangular channels.
优选的，所述箱体上端设置有上盖。Preferably, an upper cover is provided at the upper end of the box.
优选的，所述阳极室、所述质子交换膜和所述阴极室的数量相同。Preferably, the number of the anode chamber, the proton exchange membrane and the cathode chamber is the same.
优选的，所述箱体上设置有阳极燃料出口、冷却流体出口、阴极燃料出口、阴极燃料进口、冷却流体进口和阳极燃料进口。Preferably, the box is provided with an anode fuel outlet, a cooling fluid outlet, a cathode fuel outlet, a cathode fuel inlet, a cooling fluid inlet and an anode fuel inlet.
优选的，所述箱体内部的尺寸大小与所述燃料电池反应本体的体积大小相匹配，所述燃料电池反应本体与所述箱体的内壁全面接触。Preferably, the size of the inside of the box matches the volume of the fuel cell reaction body, and the fuel cell reaction body is in full contact with the inner wall of the box.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：(1)本发明采用燃料电池反应本体由冷却板、阳极室、质子交换膜和阴极室依次拼接而成，板式换热器结构作为燃料电池反应装置，燃料电池反应本体上端间隔设置有阴极燃料进口通道、冷却流体进口通道和阳极燃料进口通道，所述燃料电池反应本体下端间隔设置有阳极燃料出口通道、冷却流体出口通道和阴极燃料出口通道，阴极燃料和阳极燃料通过各种板片之间形成薄矩形通道进行化学反应，其窄小而曲折的通道可以增大燃料的反应面积，提高燃料的反应效率，其紧凑的结构、占地面积小的优点，提高了燃料电池的体积比功率；(2)本发明采用板式换热器结构作为燃料电池反应装置的同时也作为燃料电池的散热器，将反应装置和散热器整合一体化，不仅传热效率高、操作灵活性大，而且提高了燃料电池的体积比功率和换热效率，提高了燃料电池的安全性能，且该结构具有热损失小、安装和清洗方便等特点；(3)本发明箱体上端设置有上盖，上盖用于盖合或打开箱体，起到保护燃料电池反应装置安全的作用；(4)本发明阳极室、质子交换膜和阴极室的数量相同，冷却板的数量比阳极室、所述质子交换膜和所述阴极室的数量多一个，可根据实际需要进行调整，提高燃料电池的灵活性；(5)本发明所述箱体内部的尺寸大小与所述燃料电池反应本体的体积大小相匹配，所述燃料电池反应本体与所述箱体的内壁全面接触，实现燃料电池反应装置与箱体无缝接触目的，降低装置的抗震性；(6)本发明通过薄矩形通道进行热量交换和化学反应，极大地提高了热交换和反应的效率和降低成本投入。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) the present invention adopts fuel cell reaction body to be spliced successively by cooling plate, anode chamber, proton exchange membrane and cathode chamber, and the plate heat exchanger structure is used as fuel cell Reaction device, the upper end of the fuel cell reaction body is provided with a cathode fuel inlet channel, a cooling fluid inlet channel and an anode fuel inlet channel at intervals, and the lower end of the fuel cell reaction body is provided with an anode fuel outlet channel, a cooling fluid outlet channel and a cathode fuel outlet channel at intervals , the cathode fuel and the anode fuel undergo chemical reactions through thin rectangular channels formed between various plates. The narrow and tortuous channels can increase the reaction area of the fuel and improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel. Its compact structure and footprint The small advantage improves the volume specific power of the fuel cell; (2) the present invention adopts the plate heat exchanger structure as the fuel cell reaction device and also as the radiator of the fuel cell, and integrates the reaction device and the radiator, not only The heat transfer efficiency is high, the operation flexibility is large, and the volume specific power and heat exchange efficiency of the fuel cell are improved, and the safety performance of the fuel cell is improved, and the structure has the characteristics of small heat loss, convenient installation and cleaning; (3) The upper end of the box body of the present invention is provided with a loam cake, and the loam cake is used for covering or opening the box body, and plays the effect of protecting the safety of the fuel cell reactor; (4) the number of the anode chamber, the proton exchange membrane and the cathode chamber of the present invention are the same, The number of cooling plates is one more than the number of the anode chamber, the proton exchange membrane and the cathode chamber, which can be adjusted according to actual needs to improve the flexibility of the fuel cell; (5) the size inside the box of the present invention Matching the volume of the fuel cell reaction body, the fuel cell reaction body is in full contact with the inner wall of the box, so as to realize the purpose of seamless contact between the fuel cell reaction device and the box body, and reduce the shock resistance of the device; (6 ) The present invention carries out heat exchange and chemical reaction through the thin rectangular channel, which greatly improves the efficiency of heat exchange and reaction and reduces cost input.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种燃料电池反应装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of fuel cell reactor of the present invention;
图2是燃料电池反应本体的结构图；Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a fuel cell reaction body;
图3是图2的A-A剖视图；Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;
图4是图2的B-B剖视图；Fig. 4 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 2;
图5是图2的C-C剖视图。Fig. 5 is a C-C sectional view of Fig. 2 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
如图1-5所示，一种燃料电池反应装置，包括燃料电池反应本体2和箱体3，所述燃料电池反应本体2放置于所述箱体3内；所述燃料电池反应本体由冷却板2a、阳极室2b、质子交换膜2d和阴极室2c依次拼接而成，所述燃料电池反应本体2上端间隔设置有阴极燃料进口通道7、冷却流体进口通道8和阳极燃料进口通道9，所述燃料电池反应本体2下端间隔设置有阳极燃料出口通道4、冷却流体出口通道5和阴极燃料出口通道6；所述阳极室的2b两端分别与所述阳极燃料进口通道9和阴极燃料出口通道7贯通，所述冷却板2a的两端分别与所述冷却流体进口通道8和冷却流体出口通道5贯通，所述阴极室2c的两端分别与所述阴极燃料进口通道7和阳极燃料出口通道4贯通。As shown in Figures 1-5, a fuel cell reaction device includes a fuel cell reaction body 2 and a casing 3, and the fuel cell reaction body 2 is placed in the casing 3; the fuel cell reaction body is cooled by The plate 2a, the anode chamber 2b, the proton exchange membrane 2d and the cathode chamber 2c are sequentially spliced together. The upper end of the fuel cell reaction body 2 is provided with a cathode fuel inlet channel 7, a cooling fluid inlet channel 8 and an anode fuel inlet channel 9 at intervals. The lower end of the fuel cell reaction body 2 is provided with an anode fuel outlet channel 4, a cooling fluid outlet channel 5, and a cathode fuel outlet channel 6 at intervals; 7 through, the two ends of the cooling plate 2a are respectively connected with the cooling fluid inlet passage 8 and the cooling fluid outlet passage 5, and the two ends of the cathode chamber 2c are respectively connected with the cathode fuel inlet passage 7 and the anode fuel outlet passage 4 through.
所述燃料电池反应本体2还包括密封垫片，所述密封垫片设置于所述冷却板2a与所述阳极室2b之间、所述阳极室2b与所述质子交换膜2d之间和所述质子交换膜2d与所述阴极室2c之间。The fuel cell reaction body 2 also includes sealing gaskets, which are arranged between the cooling plate 2a and the anode chamber 2b, between the anode chamber 2b and the proton exchange membrane 2d, and between the anode chamber 2b and the proton exchange membrane 2d. between the proton exchange membrane 2d and the cathode chamber 2c.
所述阳极燃料出口通道9、所述冷却流体出口通道5和所述阴极燃料出口通道7均为薄矩形通道，所述箱体3上端设置有上盖1，所述阳极室2b、所述质子交换膜2d和所述阴极室2c的数量相同，所述箱体3上设置有阳极燃料出口、冷却流体出口、阴极燃料出口、阴极燃料进口、冷却流体进口和阳极燃料进口，所述箱体3内部的尺寸大小与所述燃料电池反应本体2的体积大小相匹配，所述燃料电池反应本体与所述箱体3的内壁全面接触。The anode fuel outlet channel 9, the cooling fluid outlet channel 5 and the cathode fuel outlet channel 7 are all thin rectangular channels, the upper end of the box body 3 is provided with an upper cover 1, the anode chamber 2b, the proton The exchange membrane 2d has the same number as the cathode chamber 2c, and the casing 3 is provided with an anode fuel outlet, a cooling fluid outlet, a cathode fuel outlet, a cathode fuel inlet, a cooling fluid inlet and an anode fuel inlet, and the casing 3 The internal size matches the volume of the fuel cell reaction body 2 , and the fuel cell reaction body is in full contact with the inner wall of the box body 3 .
实施例一Embodiment one
参照图1-5，本实施例涉及一种燃料电池反应装置，在具体使用时；阴极燃料从阴极燃料进口通道7进入阴极室2c(参见图5)，阳极材料从阳极燃料进口通道9进入阳极室2b(参见图3)；充分反应后阴极燃料从阴极燃料出口通道6流出(参见图3)，阳极材料从阳极燃料出口通道4流出(参见图5)；同时冷却流体从冷却流体进口通道8流经冷却板2a，对阴极室2c和阳极室2b冷却后从冷却流体出口通道5流出(参见图4)。Referring to Figures 1-5, the present embodiment relates to a fuel cell reaction device. In specific use, the cathode fuel enters the cathode chamber 2c from the cathode fuel inlet channel 7 (see Figure 5), and the anode material enters the anode from the anode fuel inlet channel 9. Chamber 2b (see Figure 3); after fully reacting, the cathode fuel flows out from the cathode fuel outlet channel 6 (see Figure 3), and the anode material flows out from the anode fuel outlet channel 4 (see Figure 5); at the same time, the cooling fluid flows from the cooling fluid inlet channel 8 It flows through the cooling plate 2a, cools the cathode chamber 2c and the anode chamber 2b, and then flows out from the cooling fluid outlet channel 5 (see FIG. 4 ).
所述燃料电池反应本体2为“冷却板2a—阳极室2b—质子交换膜2d—阴极室2c—冷却板2a—阳极室2b—质子交换膜2d—阴极室2c······”的板式换热器结构；通过薄矩形通道进行热量交换和化学反应，极大地提高了热交换和反应的效率和降低成本投入。The fuel cell reaction body 2 is "cooling plate 2a—anode chamber 2b—proton exchange membrane 2d—cathode chamber 2c—cooling plate 2a—anode chamber 2b—proton exchange membrane 2d—cathode chamber 2c..." Plate heat exchanger structure; heat exchange and chemical reaction are carried out through thin rectangular channels, which greatly improves the efficiency of heat exchange and reaction and reduces cost input.
所述阳极室2b、质子交换膜2d、阴极室2c设为n个，冷却板2a设为n+1个，可根据实际需要进行调整，提高燃料电池的灵活性。The number of anode chambers 2b, proton exchange membranes 2d, and cathode chambers 2c is set to n, and the number of cooling plates 2a is set to n+1, which can be adjusted according to actual needs to improve the flexibility of the fuel cell.
为了防止外物进入燃料电池反应本体2的上端，而导致燃料电池反应本体2的正极和负极直接连通而出现短路的情况，所述箱体3上设有用于盖合或打开所述燃料电池反应本体2的上盖1，起到保护燃料电池反应本体2安全的作用。In order to prevent foreign matter from entering the upper end of the fuel cell reaction body 2, causing the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell reaction body 2 to be directly connected to cause a short circuit, the box body 3 is provided with a cover for closing or opening the fuel cell reaction body. The upper cover 1 of the main body 2 plays a role of protecting the safety of the fuel cell reaction main body 2 .
所述箱体3内部的尺寸大小与所述燃料电池反应本体2的体积大小相匹配，可使燃料电池反应本体2与箱体3的内壁进行全面积接触，实现燃料电池反应本体2与箱体3无缝接触目的，降低装置的抗震性。The size of the inside of the box 3 matches the volume of the fuel cell reaction body 2, so that the fuel cell reaction body 2 can be in full-area contact with the inner wall of the box body 3, so that the fuel cell reaction body 2 and the box body 3 The purpose of seamless contact, reducing the shock resistance of the device.
对于本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及变形，而所有的这些改变以及变形都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。For those skilled in the art, various other corresponding changes and modifications can be made according to the technical solutions and ideas described above, and all these changes and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN106532089A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-03-22 | 广东工业大学 | Micro-fuel cell device |
| CN111989255A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2020-11-24 | 宁波吉利汽车研究开发有限公司 | Hood |
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