CN106249289B - The processing method of seismic data under a kind of phased constraint - Google Patents
The processing method of seismic data under a kind of phased constraint Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of seismic data under phased constraint, the present invention determines the type of sedimentary facies and earthquake facies marker planar characteristics of distribution of exploratory area research purpose layer first；Local earthquake's data examination processing is carried out to the apparent region of characteristics of seismic, comparison differentiates the performance data body and earthquake facies marker generated under different processes, preferred parameter, it is ensured that performance data body can reach resolution ratio index request but also match with seismic facies understanding；If characteristics of seismic, than more consistent, preferred seismic data cube is opposite fidelity data body, if differed greatly, the adjustment again of process and parameter is carried out to the seismic data for misfitting region, until consistent with characteristics of seismic.The present invention is handled seismic data under seismic facies constraint, and process flow and parameter are adjusted repeatedly, until consistent with characteristics of seismic, to play the purpose of the monitoring and evaluation and preference data body to seismic data progress constantly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing methods of seismic data under phased constraint, belong to Seismic Data Processing Technique field.
Background technique
Seismic data quality directly affects the difficulty of research area's oil-gas exploration, especially visits in the medium and above degree
Hidden-type lithological reservoir exploration in area, the selection of seismic data is particularly important, if the seismic data selection processing chosen is not
Appropriately, it will deleterious effect is generated to subsequent oil-gas exploration.
Application No. is 2013107295108 patent application documents, disclose a kind of based on the opposite guarantor's width for improving S-transformation
Point spectrum analog high resolution processing method, belongs to geophysical exploration technology, by carrying out a spectrum analog high score in time-frequency domain
Resolution processing, overcomes the influence of seismic data neutron deficiency time variation, maintains the spectrum signature and time-frequency characteristic of initial data,
It is a kind of opposite deconvolution processing technique for protecting width.Application No. is 2014107873899 patent application documents, disclose one kind
The optimization method of seismic observation system parameter, this method provide three-dimensional peace based on the parameter optimization of three-dimensional geophysical model
Face parameter optimization is as a result, it is possible to help technical staff rapidly and accurately to select the seismic observation system parameter for being suitble to construction area
Parameter value.Application No. is the patent application document of 201410806299X, a kind of " well control guarantor panel height resolution seismic money is provided
Expect processing method ", above-mentioned several patents all mainly by single geophysical prospecting technology or processing technique to seismic data at
Reason, to treated, seismic data cube does not carry out monitoring and evaluation and preference data body constantly, can not determine the use of the set
Treated, and whether seismic data cube is consistent with this area's actual deposition feature.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing methods of seismic data under phased constraint, to solve current seismic data
Processing method is not bound with the problem of phased constraint causes the seismic data of processing that can not really reflect hidden-type lithologic deposit.
The present invention provides a kind of processing method of seismic data under phased constraint, the processing side to solve above-mentioned technical problem
Method the following steps are included:
1) type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer is determined；
2) the earthquake facies marker plane of exploratory area research purpose interval is determined according to the type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer
Distribution characteristics；
3) local earthquake's data examination processing is carried out to the apparent region of characteristics of seismic, comparison differentiates to be generated under different processes
Performance data body and earthquake facies marker, preferred parameter, it is ensured that performance data body can reach the index requests such as resolution ratio but also
Match with seismic facies understanding；
4) it extracts backbone section on preferred achievement seismic data cube to be analyzed, if comparing one in characteristics of seismic
Cause, then preferred seismic data cube is opposite fidelity data body, if differed greatly, return step 3) to misfitting region
Seismic data carries out the adjustment again of process and parameter, until consistent with characteristics of seismic.
Type of sedimentary facies is to determine exploratory area source direction by the geologic setting according to exploratory area in the step 1), is passed through
The facies marker analysis of rock type, sedimentary structure, grain size characteristic, determines in conjunction with features of logging curve and Seismic reflection character.
The determination process of earthquake facies marker planar characteristics of distribution is as follows in the step 2):
A. its corresponding earthquake facies marker is determined according to type of sedimentary facies；
B. forward model is carried out to seismic facies mark, to obtain the earthquake facies marker plane distribution of exploratory area research purpose interval
Feature.
The earthquake facies marker is divided into internal reflective structure, reflection continuity, reflected amplitude power, reflection frequency, outer
Portion's geometric shape and its association relationship.
Ratio in step 4) is more consistent to refer to that the earthquake facies marker showed on seismic profile can unanimously reflect deposition
Phase character.
Differing greatly in step 4) refers to the seismic facies showed on seismic profile is flagged with and Sedimentary facies
It misfits.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention determines the type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer first；According to exploratory area
The type of sedimentary facies of research purpose layer determines the earthquake facies marker planar characteristics of distribution of exploratory area research purpose interval；To seismic facies spy
It levies apparent region and carries out local earthquake's data examination processing, comparison differentiates the performance data body and seismic facies generated under different processes
Mark, preferred parameter, it is ensured that performance data body can reach the index requests such as resolution ratio but also match with seismic facies understanding；?
It extracts backbone section on preferred achievement seismic data cube to be analyzed, if in characteristics of seismic than more consistent, preferably
Seismic data cube is opposite fidelity data body, if differed greatly, carries out process and ginseng to the seismic data for misfitting region
Several adjustment again, until consistent with characteristics of seismic.The present invention analyzes seismic facies distribution characteristics on the basis of sedimentary facies research,
Seismic data is handled under seismic facies constraint, process flow and parameter are adjusted repeatedly, until special with seismic facies
Sign is consistent, to play the purpose of the monitoring and evaluation and preference data body to seismic data progress constantly, solves existingly
Seismic data processing method can not really reflect the problem of hidden-type lithologic deposit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the processing method of seismic data under the phased constraint of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is sedimentary facies flat distribution map in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is forward modeling seismic cross-section in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is seismic facies flat distribution map in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 be in the embodiment of the present invention in parallel with sub- reflected in parallel structural earthquake sectional view；
Fig. 6 is the seismic cross-section of blank and mixed and disorderly catoptric arrangement in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The hidden-type lithologic deposit that the present invention is in the medium and above degree exploratory area for oil-gas exploration proposes
The processing method of seismic data under a kind of phased constraint, the processing method are under sedimentary facies and seismic facies constraint to seismic data
The method handled, the implementing procedure of this method is as shown in Figure 1, below with the spring in the quasi- basin Ge Er vehicle row's son protrusion
Gloss oil is illustrated for field, which is about 1023km2, to the work area using of the invention phased
The specific implementation process for constraining the processing method of lower seismic data is as follows:
1. determining the type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer.
According to the construction and geologic setting in exploratory area, using restoring, ancient landform, analysis sandy ground ratio and rock forming mineral content etc. are more
Kind method determines exploratory area source direction, is analyzed by carrying out the facies markers such as rock type, sedimentary structure, grain size characteristic, in conjunction with right
The research of features of logging curve, Seismic reflection character can specify the type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer.
The purpose series of strata distribution in exploratory area is smaller in the present embodiment, only there is remaining in cheuch, and there are three bar ditch in exploratory area, main
Land clastic deposited sediments are developed, rock grain size is thick, and predominantly glutenite deposits, the stringent underlying strata landform of cheuch deposition thickness
The control of landforms, ditch is deeper, and deposition thickness is bigger；Using restoring, ancient landform, analysis sandy ground ratio and rock forming mineral content etc. are a variety of
Method determines source direction, comes from direction northwest through the exploratory area material resource known to analysis；By carry out rock type, sedimentary structure,
The analysis of the facies markers such as grain size characteristic combines the research of well logging phase, Seismic reflection character, specifies the sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer
Type has alluvial fan and two kinds of braided stream, as shown in Figure 2.
2. determining the earthquake facies marker plane of exploratory area research purpose interval according to the type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer
Distribution characteristics.
On the basis of determining area deposition phase, the research of seismic facies and earthquake facies marker is carried out, seismic facies is that sedimentary facies exists
Reflection on seismic profile, different deposition regions have different characteristics of seismic, and corresponding earthquake facies marker is also different.
Earthquake facies marker is divided into internal reflective structure, reflection continuity, reflected amplitude power, reflection frequency, external geometric shape and companion
Raw relationship.The present embodiment is based on research area's cheuch filling stratum particularity and actual seismic data resolution, mainly from inside
Catoptric arrangement, reflection continuity, three aspect of reflected amplitude power are set about, in reference forefathers to sedimentary facies-seismic facies-seismic facies mark
On the basis of will theoretical research result, the earthquake facies marker based on forward modeling is studied, as shown in figure 3, summing up research area
The earthquake facies marker planar characteristics of distribution of interval of interest, as shown in figure 4, alluvial fan is mutually mainly shown as the reflection of mixed and disorderly or blank,
Weak amplitude poor continuity or middle amplitude continuity are medium, and pigtail river facies is mainly shown as parallel or sub- reflected in parallel, continuity
It is medium or good.
3. being monitored under phased constraint to seismic data process.
On the basis of earthquake facies marker research achievement, the obvious region of characteristics of seismic is carried out at the examination of local earthquake's data
Reason, by carrying out some column seism processing parameter adjustment tests, comparison differentiates the performance data body generated under different processes
With earthquake facies marker, preferred parameter, it is ensured that performance data body can reach the index requests such as resolution ratio but also and characteristics of seismic
Match, parallel or sub- reflected in parallel structural earthquake section as shown in figure 5, in a jumble with blank catoptric arrangement seismic profile such as Fig. 6
It is shown.
Specific examination processing means are described as follows: in seism processing, fidelity and resolution ratio are mutually restricted,
It is important when ask one of them, another index will necessarily be damaged.And exploration object now is mostly subtle pool, to point
Resolution demand has a generality, when examination processing, preferentially meets high-resolution demand, necessarily reduces seismic data fidelity, and one
Determine degree and destroys characteristics of seismic.Therefore, it is necessary to be tested by a series of examinations processing, while so that resolution ratio is relatively high,
Fidelity can satisfy Seismic Interpretation demand, thus, avoid resolution ratio very high, fidelity is very low, obtained earthquake money
Expect with a low credibility.Specific examination process flow is varied: having reverse-time migration processing, depth migration processing, pre-stack time migration
Processing, time migration after stack processing.There are many variations again for the specific link interted in the same process flow and parameter etc..
Therefore, it can not be listed one by one in this patent.Here is the flow diagram of pre-stack time migration processing, when different people does prestack
Between migration processing when, process can have some differences.
4. seismic data quality is evaluated.
Backbone section is extracted on preferred achievement seismic data cube to be analyzed, if in characteristics of seismic, it is such as external
Geometric shape, internal reflective structure, back wave attribute etc. are all than more consistent, then preferred seismic data cube is opposite fidelity
Data volume, if differed greatly, return step 3 carries out the tune again of process and parameter to the seismic data for misfitting region
It is whole, if this is repeatedly, until consistent with characteristics of seismic.Here the more consistent seismic facies for referring to being showed on seismic profile of ratio
Mark can reflect Sedimentary facies, such as external geometric shape, internal reflective structure, reflected amplitude are strong and weak, reflection continuity
Feature can unanimously reflect this Sedimentary facies.The seismic facies for referring to being showed on seismic profile that differs greatly be flagged with
Sedimentary facies misfit.Such as external geometric shape, internal reflective structure, reflected amplitude are strong and weak, reflection continuity feature has
Misfitted with this Sedimentary facies.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art's obtained all other embodiment without making creative work,
Belong to the range that the present invention is protected.
Claims (4)
1. the processing method of seismic data under a kind of phased constraint, which is characterized in that the processing method the following steps are included:
1) type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer is determined；
2) the earthquake facies marker plane distribution of exploratory area research purpose interval is determined according to the type of sedimentary facies of exploratory area research purpose layer
Feature；
3) local earthquake's data examination processing carried out to the apparent region of characteristics of seismic, comparison differentiate generated under different processes at
Fruit data volume and earthquake facies marker, preferred parameter, it is ensured that performance data body can reach resolution ratio index request but also and earthquake
Mutually understanding matches；
4) backbone section is extracted on preferred achievement seismic data cube to be analyzed, if in characteristics of seismic than more consistent,
Then preferred seismic data cube is opposite fidelity data body, if differed greatly, return step 3) and to the ground for misfitting region
Shake data carries out the adjustment again of process and parameter, until consistent with characteristics of seismic；
Ratio in step 4) is more consistent, which to refer to the earthquake facies marker showed on seismic profile, can unanimously reflect sedimentary facies spy
Sign；
Differing greatly in step 4) refers to that the seismic facies showed on seismic profile was flagged with does not kiss with Sedimentary facies
It closes.
2. the processing method of seismic data under phased constraint according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1)
Type of sedimentary facies is to determine exploratory area source direction by the geologic setting according to exploratory area, passes through rock type, sedimentary structure, grain
The facies marker analysis for spending feature, determines in conjunction with features of logging curve and Seismic reflection character.
3. the processing method of seismic data under phased constraint according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2)
The determination process of earthquake facies marker planar characteristics of distribution is as follows:
A. its corresponding earthquake facies marker is determined according to type of sedimentary facies；
B. forward model is carried out to seismic facies mark, it is special with the earthquake facies marker plane distribution for obtaining exploratory area research purpose interval
Sign.
4. the processing method of seismic data under phased constraint according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the seismic facies
Mark is divided into internal reflective structure, reflection continuity, reflected amplitude power, reflection frequency, external geometric shape and its association and closes
System.
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