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CN106246925B - Labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device - Google Patents

Labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106246925B
CN106246925B CN201610757917.5A CN201610757917A CN106246925B CN 106246925 B CN106246925 B CN 106246925B CN 201610757917 A CN201610757917 A CN 201610757917A CN 106246925 B CN106246925 B CN 106246925B
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China
Prior art keywords
labyrinth
air flow
air
protection device
flow channel
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CN201610757917.5A
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CN106246925A (en
Inventor
项久鹏
孙健
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Super Synchronization Co Ltd
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Super Synchronization Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610757917.5A priority Critical patent/CN106246925B/en
Publication of CN106246925A publication Critical patent/CN106246925A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00Sealings
    • F16J15/16Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
    • F16J15/406Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid by at least one pump
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00Sealings
    • F16J15/44Free-space packings
    • F16J15/447Labyrinth packings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical sealing, and particularly relates to a labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device, aiming at solving the problem of high processing difficulty of the traditional air curtain protection device. To this end, the air curtain protection device of the invention comprises an end cover mounted on a main shaft of a machine tool, wherein a first air flow channel is arranged in the end cover, one end of the first air flow channel is communicated with an air inlet, the other end of the first air flow channel is communicated with a second air flow channel in the end cover, the end cover comprises a labyrinth disc and a labyrinth seat, the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat, the second air flow channel is formed between the labyrinth disc and the labyrinth seat, and air enters the first air flow channel from the air inlet and is discharged through the second air flow channel. The air curtain protection device further comprises a sealing cover, the sealing cover and the end cover are matched with each other to form a third air flow channel, and the third air flow channel is communicated with the second air flow channel. The exhaust hole is formed by processing the chute on the radial inclined plane of the labyrinth disc, so that the processing difficulty of the air curtain protection device is greatly simplified.

Description

Labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical sealing, and particularly provides a labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device.
Background
The core supporting component of the main shaft of the machining center is a high-speed precise main shaft bearing, and any tiny impurities entering the main shaft bearing can influence the working precision and the service life of the main shaft bearing, so the sealing property of the bearing is very important. The air curtain protection, commonly called as air seal, is mainly used for protecting the bearing and preventing the damage of the bearing caused by the fact that foreign dirt such as cutting fluid, scrap iron and the like enters the bearing. Conventional air curtain protection requires that a path of air source is introduced into the front end cover, then a device with a plurality of inclined holes is installed into the front end cover, and air is discharged from a gap between the main shaft and the front end cover through small holes.
However, the traditional air curtain protection device needs a plurality of parts to be installed, the machining difficulty of the inclined hole is very high, the assembled air curtain protection device can also cause the air outlet to be uneven, and the protection effect is reduced. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a new air curtain protection device to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, to solve the problem of the conventional air curtain protection device that the processing difficulty is large, the present invention provides a labyrinth type air curtain protection device for a machine tool spindle, the air curtain protection device includes an end cover mounted on the machine tool spindle, a first air flow channel is arranged in the end cover, one end of the first air flow channel is communicated with an air inlet, the other end of the first air flow channel is communicated with a second air flow channel in the end cover, the end cover includes a labyrinth disc and a labyrinth seat, in an assembled state, the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat and thus forms the second air flow channel between the labyrinth disc and the labyrinth seat, and air enters the first air flow channel from the air inlet and is discharged through the second air flow channel; the air curtain protection device further comprises a sealing cover, the sealing cover and the end cover are matched with each other to form a third air flow channel, and the third air flow channel is communicated with the second air flow channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device, the third air flow passage includes an axial section and a radial section that communicate with each other, the axial section communicates with the second air flow passage, and the radial section is open to the outside.
In a preferred embodiment of the above-described labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device, the seal cover includes a radial portion and an axial portion, and in an assembled state, a second gap is formed between the axial portion of the seal cover and the radially inner surface of the labyrinth plate, the second gap constituting an axial section of the third air flow passage, and a third gap is formed between the radial portion of the seal cover and the axially outer side surface of the labyrinth plate, the third gap constituting a radial section of the third air flow passage.
In a preferred embodiment of the above labyrinth machine tool spindle air curtain protection device, the labyrinth seat includes a receiving groove, the labyrinth disc includes a radial outer surface and an axial inner side surface, when the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat, the radial outer surface of the labyrinth disc is in sealing contact with the inner side wall of the receiving groove, and the axial inner side surface of the labyrinth disc and the bottom surface of the receiving groove together form the second air flow channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the above labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device, the axially inner side of the labyrinth disc comprises an inclined portion provided with at least one inclined groove, and the bottom surface of the receiving groove also comprises a corresponding inclined portion, the inclined portion of the axially inner side of the labyrinth disc and the inclined portion of the bottom surface of the receiving groove abutting against each other when the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat, so that the inclined groove constitutes an inclined section of the second air flow channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the above labyrinth machine tool spindle air curtain protection device, the axial inner side surface of the labyrinth disc further includes a vertical portion, and the bottom surface of the accommodating groove also includes a corresponding vertical portion, when the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat, a first gap is formed between the vertical portion of the axial inner side surface of the labyrinth disc and the vertical portion of the bottom surface of the accommodating groove, and the first gap constitutes a vertical section of the second airflow channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the above-described labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device, the inclined groove is provided on an inclined portion of an axially inner side surface of the labyrinth disk, obliquely with respect to a rotation axis of the labyrinth disk.
In a preferred embodiment of the above labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device, the air curtain protection device further includes a front end air flow passage interposed between the air inlet and the first air flow passage for introducing the air flow from the air inlet into the first air flow passage.
In an embodiment of the above labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device, the air curtain protection device further includes an air pump, and the air pump is communicated to the air inlet and used for continuously providing protective gas for the air curtain protection device during the operation of the machine tool spindle.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the air curtain protection device mainly comprises a labyrinth disc and a labyrinth seat, a plurality of inclined grooves are processed on the radial surface of the labyrinth disc, then the labyrinth disc and the labyrinth seat are buckled together to form an end cover, and therefore inclined holes for gas circulation are formed. Compared with the traditional mode that the air curtain protection device needs to process the inclined hole, the process for processing the inclined groove on the radial surface of the labyrinth disc is simpler, and therefore the processing difficulty of the air curtain protection device is greatly simplified. Meanwhile, because the inclined plane of the labyrinth disc is provided with the plurality of chutes which are all inclined outwards, the gas is discharged in a spiral shape when passing through the chutes, and compared with the traditional gas curtain protection device adopting inclined holes, the gas curtain protection device has the advantages that the gas discharge is more uniform, so that the whole circumferential direction of the main shaft is uniformly protected in an airtight manner. In addition, the sealing cover disposed outside the end cover forms an additional air flow passage including a radial portion and an axial portion together with the labyrinth plate of the end cover, further increasing the path length and difficulty of external impurities such as coolant entering the inside of the bearing, and thus improving the degree of protection of the bearing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional air curtain protection apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the labyrinth machine tool spindle air curtain protection device in application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an end cap of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the labyrinth plate of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is a schematic structural diagram of a labyrinth plate of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the labyrinth seat of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing cover of the labyrinth machine tool spindle air curtain protection device.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For example, although the various components in the drawings are drawn to a particular scale, such scaling is merely exemplary and one skilled in the art may adjust them as needed to suit a particular application.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring first to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional air curtain protection device. As shown in fig. 1, in the conventional air curtain protection device, a path of air source needs to be introduced into a front end cover, and then a device with a plurality of inclined holes 1 is installed in the front end cover, a gap is formed between the front end cover and a main shaft, and air is discharged from the gap between the front end cover and the main shaft through the plurality of inclined holes 1. This kind of air curtain protection mode needs to make a plurality of inclined holes 1 in the course of working, and among the machining process, for normal operation of punching, the processing degree of difficulty of inclined hole is very big, consequently can increase substantially the processing cost. In addition, because the air quantity of the position which is just opposite to the inclined hole 1 is large, the air curtain protection device after being assembled can also cause uneven air outlet, and the protection effect is reduced. The labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device greatly simplifies the processing difficulty. The technical solution of the present invention will be explained in detail below.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the labyrinth machine tool spindle air curtain protection device in application. As shown in FIG. 2, the air curtain protection device comprises an end cover 3 mounted on a machine tool spindle 2, a first air flow channel 31 is arranged in the end cover 3, one end of the first air flow channel 31 is communicated with an air inlet, and the other end of the first air flow channel 31 is communicated with a second air flow channel 32 in the end cover 3. Specifically, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an end cover of the labyrinth machine tool spindle air curtain protection device of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the end cover 3 includes a labyrinth plate 33 and a labyrinth seat 34. Wherein the labyrinth disc 33 is nested in the labyrinth seat 34, and thus the second gas flow passage 32 is formed between the labyrinth disc 33 and the labyrinth seat 34, and gas enters the first gas flow passage 31 from the gas inlet and is discharged through the second gas flow passage 32. More specifically, referring to fig. 4A and 5, fig. 4A is a sectional view of a labyrinth plate of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the labyrinth seat of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the labyrinth disc 33 includes a radially outer surface 331 and an axially inner side surface 332, the labyrinth seat 34 includes a receiving groove 341, the receiving groove 341 includes a bottom surface 3412 and an inner side wall 3411, when the labyrinth disc 33 is nested in the labyrinth seat 34, the radially outer surface 331 of the labyrinth disc 33 is in sealing contact with the inner side wall 3411 of the receiving groove 341, and the axially inner side surface 332 of the labyrinth disc 33 and the bottom surface 3412 of the receiving groove 341 jointly form the second air flow passage 32. The axially inner side surface 332 of the labyrinth plate 33 includes an inclined portion 3321, and as shown in fig. 4B, the inclined portion 3321 of the labyrinth plate 33 is provided with a plurality of inclined grooves 333, and the inclined grooves 333 are provided on the inclined portion 3321 of the axially inner side surface 332 of the labyrinth plate 33 obliquely with respect to the rotational axis of the labyrinth plate 33. Specifically, a line connecting one end of the inclined groove 333 to the other end thereof is at an angle to the rotation axis of the labyrinth plate 33, preferably inclined to one side and downward with respect to the rotation axis of the labyrinth plate 33. The bottom surface 3412 of the receiving groove 341 also includes a corresponding inclined portion 34121, and when the labyrinth disc 33 is nested in the labyrinth seat 34, the inclined portion 3321 of the axially inner side surface 332 of the labyrinth disc 33 and the inclined portion 34121 of the bottom surface 3412 of the receiving groove 341 abut against each other, so that the inclined grooves 333 constitute inclined sections of the second gas flow passage 32. Since the inclined grooves 333 are provided obliquely with respect to the rotational axis of the labyrinth plate 33, when the gas flows from the first gas flow passage 31 into the second gas flow passage 32, the gas can surround almost the entire periphery of the machine spindle 2 in a spiral manner. Compared with the inclined groove which is arranged in a straight line relative to the rotation axis of the labyrinth disc 33, the inclined groove can enable the protective gas to surround the machine tool spindle 2 more uniformly, so that the problem of uneven exhaust in the prior art is avoided. In this connection, it is further noted that the "inclined groove" described herein includes two meanings, one meaning that the groove is provided on the inclined portion 3321, which is inclined with respect to the vertical direction or the horizontal direction; another meaning is that on the basis of the previous inclination, the "chutes" are also offset from the rotation axis of the labyrinth disk 33, that is, the extension of each chute does not intersect the rotation axis of the labyrinth disk 33. The "chute" of the present invention belongs to the second inclination, both with respect to the vertical and horizontal directions, and with respect to the rotation axis of the labyrinth disk 33.
Further, the axially inner side surface 332 of the labyrinth disc 33 further comprises a vertical portion 3322, and the bottom surface 3412 of the receiving groove 341 also comprises a corresponding vertical portion 34122, when the labyrinth disc 33 is nested in the labyrinth seat 34, a first gap is formed between the vertical portion 3322 of the axially inner side surface 332 of the labyrinth disc 33 and the vertical portion 34122 of the bottom surface 3412 of the receiving groove 341, and the first gap constitutes a vertical section of the second gas flow passage 32. The gas enters the second gas flow path 32 from the first gas flow path 31 first through the vertical section, then enters the inclined section, and finally exits outwardly along the chute. In this regard, it should be noted that the first gap may be formed by adjusting the dimensional relationship between the inclined portion 3321 of the axially inner side surface 332 of the labyrinth disc 33 and the inclined portion 34121 of the bottom surface 3412 of the receiving groove 341, which can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
Further, with continued reference to fig. 2, the air curtain protection device further includes a sealing cover 4, the sealing cover 4 and the end cover 3 cooperate with each other to form a third air flow channel 5, and the third air flow channel 5 is communicated with the second air flow channel 32. Specifically, the third air flow passage 5 includes an axial section and a radial section communicating with each other, the axial section communicating with the second air flow passage 32, and the radial section leading to the outside. More specifically, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sealing cover of the labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protection device of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6 and with reference to fig. 4A, the seal cover 4 comprises a radial portion 41 and an axial portion 42, and in the assembled state, i.e. after the seal cover 4 is mounted on the machine spindle 2, a second interspace is formed between the axial portion 42 of the seal cover 4 and the radial inner surface 334 of the labyrinth plate 33, which constitutes an axial section of the third air flow channel 5, and a third interspace is formed between the radial portion 41 of the seal cover 4 and the axial outer side surface 335 of the labyrinth plate 33, which constitutes a radial section of the third air flow channel 5. The gas flows into the second gas flow passage 32 through the first gas flow passage 31, and then is discharged through the axial section (second gap) of the third gas flow passage 5 and the radial section (third gap) of the third gas flow passage 5 in this order.
In the preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the air curtain protection device further includes a front end air flow channel 6, the front end air flow channel 6 is interposed between the air inlet and the first air flow channel 31, and is used for introducing the air flow from the air inlet into the first air flow channel 31, and the air curtain protection device further includes an air pump (not shown in the figure) connected to the air inlet and used for continuously providing the protection air for the air curtain protection device during the operation of the machine tool spindle 2. It should be noted that the air inlet may be provided directly above the first air flow path 31, the front end air flow path 6 is omitted, and the air pump directly introduces air into the first air flow path 31.
In summary, the air curtain protection device of the present invention does not need to process the inclined hole, but only needs to process a plurality of chutes on the radial inclined surface of the labyrinth disc 33, and then combine the labyrinth disc 33 and the labyrinth seat 34 into the end cover 3, compared with the way of processing the inclined hole, the chutes on the labyrinth disc 33 are very easy to process, thereby greatly simplifying the processing difficulty of the conventional air curtain protection device. Meanwhile, because the plurality of chutes 333 are arranged on the labyrinth disc 33, and the chutes 333 are inclined outwards, gas is discharged in a spiral shape when passing through the chutes, and compared with the traditional gas curtain protection device, the gas curtain protection device has the advantages that the gas is discharged more uniformly, and the whole circumference of the machine tool spindle can be sealed more uniformly. In the present embodiment, 12 chutes are shown in fig. 4B, but this is not limitative, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other number of chutes may be provided according to the actual situation.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A labyrinth type air curtain protection device for a machine tool spindle, which is characterized by comprising an end cover mounted on the machine tool spindle, wherein a first air flow passage is arranged in the end cover, one end of the first air flow passage is communicated with an air inlet, the other end of the first air flow passage is communicated with a second air flow passage in the end cover, the end cover comprises a labyrinth disc and a labyrinth seat, in an assembled state, the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat, so that the second air flow passage is formed between the labyrinth disc and the labyrinth seat, and air enters the first air flow passage from the air inlet and is discharged through the second air flow passage;
wherein the labyrinth seat comprises a receiving groove, the labyrinth disc comprises a radial outer surface and an axial inner side surface, when the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat, the radial outer surface of the labyrinth disc is in sealing contact with the inner side wall of the receiving groove, and the axial inner side surface of the labyrinth disc and the bottom surface of the receiving groove jointly form the second airflow channel;
and the axially inner side face of the labyrinth disc comprises an inclined portion provided with at least one chute, the bottom face of the receiving groove also comprising a corresponding inclined portion, the inclined portion of the axially inner side face of the labyrinth disc and the inclined portion of the bottom face of the receiving groove abutting each other when the labyrinth disc is nested in the labyrinth seat, so that the chute constitutes an inclined section of the second gas flow channel;
and the inclined grooves are arranged on the inclined part of the axial inner side surface of the labyrinth disc in an inclined manner relative to the rotation axis of the labyrinth disc, so that the extension lines of the inclined grooves do not intersect with the rotation axis of the labyrinth disc;
the air curtain protection device further comprises a sealing cover, the sealing cover and the end cover are matched with each other to form a third air flow channel, and the third air flow channel is communicated with the second air flow channel.
2. The labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third air flow passage includes an axial section and a radial section communicating with each other, the axial section communicating with the second air flow passage, the radial section being open to the outside.
3. The labyrinth machine spindle air curtain protector as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seal cover includes a radial portion and an axial portion, and in an assembled state, a second clearance is formed between the axial portion of the seal cover and a radially inner surface of the labyrinth plate, the second clearance constituting an axial section of the third air flow passage, and a third clearance is formed between the radial portion of the seal cover and an axially outer side surface of the labyrinth plate, the third clearance constituting a radial section of the third air flow passage.
CN201610757917.5A 2016-08-29 2016-08-29 Labyrinth type machine tool spindle air curtain protection device Active CN106246925B (en)

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CN106246925B true CN106246925B (en) 2020-01-03

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CN111730405A (en) * 2020-07-24 2020-10-02 纽威数控装备(苏州)股份有限公司 Air curtain protection structure for end-toothed disc of accessory head of gantry machining center
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