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CN106240103B - 一种漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106240103B
CN106240103B CN201610620441.0A CN201610620441A CN106240103B CN 106240103 B CN106240103 B CN 106240103B CN 201610620441 A CN201610620441 A CN 201610620441A CN 106240103 B CN106240103 B CN 106240103B
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CN106240103A (zh
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程立春
张洪运
李长方
李海涛
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Shandong Dongda Plastic Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜及其制备方法。该漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，由五层共挤薄膜及设于五层共挤薄膜外表面的涂覆层组成，所述五层共挤薄膜从外到内依次为防尘层、第一保温层、第二保温层、次内层、电晕层，所述涂覆层为有机硅涂覆层。该漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，使用PMMA有机光散射剂，经五层共挤制备出漫散射型农膜，具有优异的流滴、消雾、保温、光透过及力学性能。使用PMMA型有机光散射剂，相比传统的高岭土、水滑石、二氧化硅等无机散射剂，能极大增强光透过率和相容性，在高透过的前提下将部分光线散射掉，从而实现降低中午直射峰温，不使灼伤叶面，且散射光可以照射到植物中下部叶片，增强对光的利用率。

Description

一种漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
白天我们看到的天空之所以是明亮的，是因为阳光在通过大气到达地面的过程中遇到空气分子、尘粒、云滴等质点时发生了大气散射，大气散射把阳光向四面八方发射，因此我们看向天空的任一方向都会有光进入眼睛。而月亮上没有大气，所以夜晚天空中除了直接发光的星体是明亮的之外，其余全部是黑色的。太阳光能是农作物进行光合作用的重要因素之一，是农作物生长、发育、结果的必要条件，其中散射光可以使光线分布更均匀，照射到更多的植物叶片，使作物叶数增多，改善作物的产量，缩短作物收获期；而且散射光可以照射到植物中下部，增强中下部叶片的光合作用，增加对光的利用率，促进植物的生长。此外，在透光率不变的前提下，如果能通过增加漫射光比例，还能消掉正午温度的峰值，取代传统使用草毡等遮挡阳光避免灼伤叶面的方式。到达地面的直射光和散射光的数量取决于大气，云层较多时只有漫射光，而大气干燥、清晰时则产生大量的直射光。光散射型农膜是通过在农膜中加入填料，使透过农膜的光线发生散射的农膜。目前，光散射型农膜的制备是通过添加无机纳米粒子或微米离子的方法使农膜形成毛玻璃的效果，但这样对农膜透光率的影响很大，而且磨砂表面需对现有工艺进行较大的改动，不适于推广应用。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种与树脂相容性好、对光线透过率影响小、提高光线散射度的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜及其制备方法，解决了现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，由五层共挤薄膜及设于五层共挤薄膜外表面的涂覆层组成，所述五层共挤薄膜从外到内依次为防尘层、第一保温层、第二保温层、次内层、电晕层，所述涂覆层为有机硅涂覆层，所述防尘层、第一保温层、第二保温层、次内层、电晕层的总厚度为120μm，各层厚度比例为1:1:1:1:1；
所述防尘层由以下重量份数的原料制成：mLLDPE 20-25份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.04-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、抗静电剂0.3-0.4份、爽滑剂0.08-0.1份、光散射剂母粒0.75-6份；
所述第一保温层由以下重量份数的原料制成：mLLDPE 15-18份、高VA(乙酸乙烯酯)含量的EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)11-15份、保温剂2-3.0份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.04-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.75-5.6份，所述高VA含量的EVA中VA含量为14％；
所述第二保温层由以下重量份数的原料制成：低VA含量的EVA 14-15份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.05-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.25-2.3份，所述低VA含量的EVA中VA含量为9％；
所述次内层由以下重量份数的原料制成：LDPE 8-10份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.05-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.25-2.3份；
所述电晕层由以下重量份数的原料制成：LDPE 7.6-9.7份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.04-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.25-2.0份；
所述光散射剂母粒由PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)和LLDPE制成，PMMA和LLDPE的重量比为1:4-3:7。
所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂。
所述光稳定剂为受阻胺类光稳定剂。
所述抗静电剂为甘油单硬脂酰酯。
所述爽滑剂为油酸酰胺。
所述保温剂为5000目水滑石。
所述PMMA的粒径为1.5、2、3、5、7、10μm中的一种或多种。
所述紫外线吸收剂为UV-531(2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)。
该漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的制备方法，采用如下步骤：
(1)按照比例配制有机硅涂覆液及五层共挤薄膜每层的原料，其中五层共挤薄膜每层中所含光散射剂母粒的制备方法为：将PMMA与LLDPE混合均匀后使用密炼机在130℃条件下密炼20-30min，使PMMA乳化分散均匀后使用单螺杆造粒机挤出加工，得光散射剂母粒，单螺杆造粒机挤出加工采用四级加热，四个加热区的机筒温度依次设定为148℃、157℃、152℃、128℃；
(2)将步骤(1)配制的五层共挤薄膜的每层原料利用混料设备分别混配均匀后利用五层共挤机吹膜机吹制成五层共挤薄膜，各层挤出时的机筒温度分别为防尘层210℃、第一保温层185℃、第二保温层185℃、次内层190℃、电晕层190℃；
(3)先将有机硅涂覆液原液与去离子水以1:17的重量比混合均匀后得涂覆液盛放在涂覆槽内，然后将步骤(2)制得的五层共挤薄膜经过电晕处理使五层共挤薄膜的表面变粗糙并增加其对极性溶剂的润湿性，然后通过涂覆槽内的涂覆液浸涂，浸涂完使用刮刀将多余的涂覆液刮净后，在60℃下将五层共挤薄膜烘干30-40s，即得所述漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜。
本发明的有益效果是：该漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，使用PMMA有机光散射剂，经五层共挤，制备出漫散射型农膜，具有优异的流滴、消雾、保温、光透过及力学性能。使用PMMA型有机光散射剂，相比传统的高岭土、水滑石、二氧化硅等无机散射剂，能极大增强光透过率和相容性，在高透过的前提下将部分光线散射掉，从而实现降低中午直射峰温，不使灼伤叶面，且散射光可以照射到植物中下部叶片，增强对光的利用率。应用时可针对不同作物对光线的需求，开发出不同散光程度的农膜，例如20％(微散射)、35％(中散射)、65％(全散射)，中散射、全漫散射型农膜适用于南方及高海拔日照强烈地区以及北方的夏季，微漫散射型膜在北方地区能够适用。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜对棚内升温速率的影响图表。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，并结合其附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。
实施例1：
该漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，由五层共挤薄膜及设于五层共挤薄膜外表面的涂覆层组成，所述五层共挤薄膜从外到内依次为防尘层、第一保温层、第二保温层、次内层、电晕层，所述涂覆层为有机硅涂覆层，所述防尘层、第一保温层、第二保温层、次内层、电晕层的总厚度为120μm，各层厚度比例为1:1:1:1:1；
所述光散射剂母粒中光散射剂PMMA与LLDPE的重量比为1:4；所述PMMA的粒径为5、7，两种粒径的重量比为6:4。
各组分的含量(千克)见下表：
其中，光散射剂PMMA在膜中含量为5‰，五层内PMMA含量的比例为3:3:2:1:1，所得漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的散射程度为20％，为微散射膜。
该漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的制备方法，采用如下步骤：
(1)按照比例配制有机硅涂覆液及五层共挤薄膜每层的原料，其中五层共挤薄膜每层中所含光散射剂母粒的制备方法为：将PMMA与LLDPE混合均匀后使用密炼机在130℃条件下密炼20-30min，使PMMA乳化分散均匀后使用单螺杆造粒机挤出加工，得光散射剂母粒，单螺杆造粒机挤出加工采用四级加热，四个加热区的机筒温度依次设定为148℃、157℃、152℃、128℃；
(2)将步骤(1)配制的五层共挤薄膜的每层原料利用混料设备分别混配均匀后利用五层共挤机吹膜机吹制成五层共挤薄膜，各层挤出时的机筒温度分别为防尘层210℃、第一保温层185℃、第二保温层185℃、次内层190℃、电晕层190℃；
(3)先将有机硅涂覆液原液与去离子水以1:17的重量比混合均匀后得涂覆液盛放在涂覆槽内，然后将步骤(2)制得的五层共挤薄膜经过电晕处理使五层共挤薄膜的表面变粗糙并增加其对极性溶剂的润湿性，然后通过涂覆槽内的涂覆液浸涂，浸涂完使用刮刀将多余的涂覆液刮净后，在60℃下将五层共挤薄膜烘干30-40s，即得所述漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜。
实施例2：
所述光散射剂母粒中光散射剂PMMA与LLDPE的重量比为1:3；所述PMMA的粒径为3、5μm，两种粒径的重量比为7：3。
各组分的含量(千克)见下表：
其中，光散射剂PMMA在膜中含量为1.9％，五层内PMMA含量的比例为3:3:2:1:1，所得漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的散射程度为35％，为中散射膜。
实施例3：
所述光散射剂母粒中光散射剂PMMA与LLDPE的重量比为3:7；所述PMMA的粒径为1.5、3μm，两种粒径的重量比为6：4。
各组分的含量(千克)见下表：
其中，光散射剂PMMA在膜中含量为6％，五层内PMMA含量的比例为3:3:2:1:1，所得漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的散射程度为65％，为全散射膜。
如图1所示，经检测，本发明漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，对光线透过率影响很小，对棚内升温速率没有影响，棚内峰温较透明膜低0.5-2℃，在保证光线透过率的前提下，将部分光线散射，使光线在棚内均匀分布。
为了验证漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的性能，本发明人从各个方面对农膜的性能进行了检测，结果如下：
表1本发明漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的性能
项目 厚度/微米 透过率 雾度％ 拉伸强度MPa 横纵伸长率％
透明膜 100 91.2 12 35.3/33.7 920/700
实施例1 100 90.3 20 34.5/34.2 900/680
实施例2 100 89.3 35 35.2/33.2 930/720
实施例3 100 88.4 65 33.3/34.9 920/690
从上表1中数据可以看到，本发明漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，对光线透过率没有太大的影响，农膜雾度达到65％，透光率能达到88％以上，相比美国AgricultureSolutions散光膜(雾度60％，透过率83％)，极大的改善了透光率，且不需选用特殊树脂，在现有加工工艺条件下就能够实现。

Claims (9)

1.一种漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：由五层共挤薄膜及设于五层共挤薄膜外表面的涂覆层组成，所述五层共挤薄膜从外到内依次为防尘层、第一保温层、第二保温层、次内层、电晕层，所述涂覆层为有机硅涂覆层，所述防尘层、第一保温层、第二保温层、次内层、电晕层的总厚度为120μm，各层厚度比例为1:1:1:1:1；
所述防尘层由以下重量份数的原料制成：mLLDPE 20-25份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.04-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、抗静电剂0.3-0.4份、爽滑剂0.08-0.1份、光散射剂母粒0.75-6份；
所述第一保温层由以下重量份数的原料制成：mLLDPE 15-18份、高VA含量的EVA 11-15份、保温剂2-3.0份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.04-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.75-5.6份，所述高VA含量的EVA中VA含量为14％；
所述第二保温层由以下重量份数的原料制成：低VA含量的EVA 14-15份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.05-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.25-2.3份，所述低VA含量的EVA中VA含量为9％；
所述次内层由以下重量份数的原料制成：LDPE 8-10份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.05-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.25-2.3份；
所述电晕层由以下重量份数的原料制成：LDPE 7.6-9.7份、光稳定剂0.13-0.16份、抗氧剂0.04-0.06份、紫外线吸收剂0.02-0.04份、光散射剂母粒0.25-2.0份；
所述光散射剂母粒由PMMA和LLDPE制成，PMMA和LLDPE的重量比为1:4-3:7。
2.根据权利要求1所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：所述光稳定剂为受阻胺类光稳定剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：所述抗静电剂为甘油单硬脂酰酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：所述爽滑剂为油酸酰胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：所述保温剂为5000目水滑石。
7.根据权利要求1所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：所述PMMA的粒径为1.5、2、3、5、7、10μm中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜，其特征是：所述紫外线吸收剂为UV-531。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一所述的漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜的制备方法，其特征是：包括如下步骤：
(1)按照比例配制有机硅涂覆液及五层共挤薄膜每层的原料，其中五层共挤薄膜每层中所含光散射剂母粒的制备方法为：将PMMA与LLDPE混合均匀后使用密炼机在130℃条件下密炼20-30min，使PMMA乳化分散均匀后使用单螺杆造粒机挤出加工，得光散射剂母粒，单螺杆造粒机挤出加工采用四级加热，四个加热区的机筒温度依次设定为148℃、157℃、152℃、128℃；
(2)将步骤(1)配制的五层共挤薄膜的每层原料利用混料设备分别混配均匀后利用五层共挤机吹膜机吹制成五层共挤薄膜，各层挤出时的机筒温度分别为防尘层210℃、第一保温层185℃、第二保温层185℃、次内层190℃、电晕层190℃；
(3)先将有机硅涂覆液原液与去离子水以1:17的重量比混合均匀后得涂覆液盛放在涂覆槽内，然后将步骤(2)制得的五层共挤薄膜经过电晕处理使五层共挤薄膜的表面变粗糙并增加其对极性溶剂的润湿性，然后通过涂覆槽内的涂覆液浸涂，浸涂完使用刮刀将多余的涂覆液刮净后，在60℃下将五层共挤薄膜烘干30-40s，即得所述漫散射型外涂敷流滴消雾膜。
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