CN106238758A - A kind of self-shield control bits cutter and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-protection and chip-controlling tool and a processing method thereof, which relate to micro-modeling treatment on the surface of the tool and belong to the field of mechanical manufacturing. The present invention distributes uniform micro-topography on the rake face of the tool, the micro-topography is an array of spherical cap-shaped micro-protrusions, and the shoulder heights of the spherical cap-shaped micro-protrusions are equidistant along the chip outflow direction The number sequence increases, and the height difference between two adjacent rows of shoulders is △H=10-50μm, and the height of the shoulder is higher the farther away from the tool tip; the height of the shoulder is the distance from the bottom surface of the same spherical crown-shaped protrusion to the highest point. In the process of supporting chips, the chips can be curled more, so as to achieve the purpose of controllable chip height and easy chip breaking. The degree of chip curling can be controlled by changing the height difference between the protrusion height and the adjacent row.

Description

Self-protection chip control tool and processing method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing cutters, specifically relates to the micro-modeling treatment of cutter surfaces, and belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing.

Background technique

When processing metal materials with good plasticity, the metal material adheres to the blade and gradually forms an irregular built-up edge with high hardness. The process is actually a process of forming, falling off, re-forming, and falling off again. , Part of the chip that falls off will adhere to the surface of the workpiece. Due to the existence of built-up edge, the actual position of the tool tip will also change from time to time. In this sense, as long as the growth height of the chips can be reasonably controlled so that they gradually move away from the tool, the generation of built-up edge can be suppressed; at the same time, chips will be generated during the machining process, and the chips should not be too long or too short, too long If it is too short, it is inconvenient to remove chips, and it is easy to block, which will affect the cutting of the tool; if it is too short, it means that the cutting is severe, the tool wear is serious, and the surface of the workpiece will be rough. Reasonable control of the chip length and active control of the chip breaking point have positive effects on improving the wear resistance of the cutting edge, improving the processing quality, improving the processing efficiency, reducing tool wear, and reducing production costs.

The traditional methods to reduce the impact of chips are to achieve this goal by changing cutting parameters or cutting parameters, such as increasing or decreasing cutting speed, increasing rake angle, etc., but these methods often affect processing efficiency and increase processing cost.

The main technical idea of the invention is to actively design and manufacture the surface micro-texture on the rake face of the tool, and the micro-texture morphology is specifically spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusions.

Contents of the invention

The invention processes spherical cap-shaped micro-protrusions on the rake face of the tool to form arrays with different heights composed of multiple rows and multiple columns. During the cutting process, due to the change of the protrusion height, the degree of chip curl and the amount of chip adhesion will change accordingly, making it easy to break chips and inhibit the generation of built-up edge.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a self-protection chip control tool, uniform micro-topography distributed on the rake face of the tool, the micro-topography is a spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusion array, formed along the chip flow direction The height of the shoulders of the spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusions increases in an arithmetic sequence, and the height difference between two adjacent rows of shoulders is △H=10-50 μm, and the height of the shoulders is higher the farther away from the knife tip; the height of the shoulders is The distance from the bottom surface of the same spherical convexity to the highest point.

The specific shape and geometry parameters of the spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusion array are: the height of the shoulder H=10-400 μm, the diameter of the bottom surface D=30-200 μm, the minimum diameter of the protrusion closest to the knife tip is 30-40 μm, The protrusion farthest from the knife tip has a maximum diameter of 190-200 μm, and the spacing S=100-200 μm between adjacent micro-protrusions.

The number of rows of the spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusion array is 5-15 rows, the number of columns is 5-15 columns, the row direction is parallel to the main cutting edge, and the angle between the row and the column is 90°. The slightly raised shoulders of the spherical crown are of equal height.

The processing method of the cutting tool of the present invention, the specific steps are: A) before the surface micro-texture process of the cutting tool, the rake face of the cutting tool is ground, and the surface roughness parameter range achieved after the grinding processing is: the arithmetic mean of the contour The deviation R _a ≤ 2 μm, the maximum height R _z of the profile ≤ 3 μm.

B) Use YAG laser to texture the surface of the rake face of the tool to obtain the micro-protrusion morphology. The specific laser processing parameters are: laser wavelength 487nm or 934nm, defocus amount [-1.2,1.2] mm, pulse width 0.5 ms, pulse frequency 1-10KHz, laser energy density: 10 ⁴ -10 ⁶ w/cm ² .

C) Polishing the surface of the micro-protrusions to remove burrs on the micro-topography through polishing.

The purpose of the tool of the present invention is to use the convex texture as the support of the chips. By actively designing the height of the protrusions, the chips adhering to the cutter face can grow at a controllable height and the chip breaking is easier, so that its positive effect can be maximized. In order to solve the problems of low machining accuracy and serious tool wear caused by chip instability in the traditional method.

The technical advantage of the present invention is that the height of the shoulder of the spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusion increases in an arithmetic sequence along the chip flow direction, and has a height difference, which can make the chips more curled during the process of supporting the chips, so that the height of the chips is controllable and Easy chip breaking purpose. The degree of chip curling can be controlled by changing the height difference between the protrusion height and the adjacent row. Advantages compared to conventional metal cutting tools: reduced friction between tool and chip and longer tool life. Compared with the existing textured tools, the advantage is that there is a height difference in the spherical crown-shaped convex shoulder, which can be used as a chip support to achieve chip control and rapid chip breaking, and to a certain extent inhibit the generation of built-up edge. Thus fully protecting the tool.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusions on the tool surface.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spherical micro-protrusion.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spherical cap-shaped micro-protrusion array on the surface of a tool.

In the figure, 1, spherical micro-protrusion; 2, chip; 3, tool; 4, workpiece; 5, main cutting edge.

detailed description

The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described in detail below by taking CA6140 ordinary lathe turning aluminum alloy material as an example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In this embodiment, the cutting tool 3 is a hard alloy cylindrical turning tool. Metal cutting tools have a similar working principle, so the present invention is applicable to various types of metal cutting tools, that is, not limited to cylindrical turning tools; the generation of built-up edge mainly occurs on the rake face, and this embodiment implements the technology for the rake face The feature does not mean that the present invention is only applicable to the rake face.

The specific parameters of CA6140 ordinary lathe: the turning diameter of the bed is 400mm, the maximum workpiece length is 750mm, the maximum turning length is 650mm, the length × width × height of the host machine is 2418mm×1000mm×1267mm, the length of the tailstock guide rail is 350mm, and the length of the slide box guide rail is 340mm , The total length of the guide rail is 1350mm.

During the metal cutting process, the workpiece 4 rotates at a speed of 800r/min. Chips 2 are generated during the contact process between the tool tip and the workpiece 4. The chips flow out along the rake face, and the cutting length increases gradually. First, it is closest to the main cutting edge 5. A row of micro-protrusions contact each other, and then contact with subsequent rows of micro-protrusions in turn; during this process, the protrusions 1 hold up the chips 2 and make them curl upwards; by actively designing the size of the spherical crown-shaped micro-protrusions 1, such as Shoulder height, height difference between adjacent rows, etc. When the height difference is large, the upward angle of the chip is larger, so as to achieve the purpose of active control and break the chip at the best time. On the other hand, due to the support of the protrusion, there will be a certain angle between the chip and the rake face, and the degree of bonding at the tool tip will be relatively lightened, which can inhibit the generation of built-up edge to a certain extent.

The implementation of the technical features of the present invention includes the following steps.

Step A, surface pretreatment of the tool 3; polishing the surface to be textured on the tool 3, so that the surface roughness and geometric tolerance of the rake face meet the requirements of laser modeling: the arithmetic mean deviation of the contour R _a ≤ 2 μm, the contour Maximum height R _z ≤ 3 μm.

Step B, determine the parameters required for processing convex topography 1; use a diode-pumped YAG laser, and the specific laser processing parameters are: laser wavelength 487nm or 934nm, defocus amount [-1.2,1.2]mm, pulse width 0.5ms , pulse frequency 1-10KHz, laser energy density: 10 ⁴ -10 ⁶ w/cm ² . The geometric parameters of the protrusion shape 1 are: the height of the shoulder H=10-400 μm, the diameter of the bottom surface D=30-200 μm, the protrusion closest to the tip of the knife has the smallest diameter, which is 30-40 μm, and is the farthest from the tip of the knife The protrusion at has a maximum diameter of 190-200 μm, and the spacing S=100-200 μm between adjacent micro-protrusions. The micro-protrusion shape 1 only exists on the rake face near the main cutting edge 5, and the height of the shoulder along the direction of chip flow increases in an arithmetic sequence, and the height difference between two adjacent rows of shoulders is △H= 10-50μm, the farther away from the tool tip, the higher the height of the shoulder. The number of rows in the array is 5-15, the number of columns is 5-15, the projections located in the same row have shoulder heights equal, the row direction is parallel to the main cutting edge, and the angle between the row and the column is 90°.

Step C, processing the metal cutting tool 3 with a convex shape; processing the first row of micro-protrusions at a distance of 1-3mm from the main cutting edge 5, and then processing the second row, the third row and other follow-up shapes in sequence.

Step D, the post-processing process of laser micro-modeling; polishing the surface of the shoulder, removing the burrs on the surface of the micro-topography through polishing, and obtaining the desired micro-protrusion topography.

Claims (4)

1. a self-shield control bits cutter, it is characterised in that the micromorphology being evenly distributed on the rake face of cutter, described micro- Pattern is spherical microprotrusion (1) array, along microprotrusion (1) spherical described in chip flow outgoing direction convex shoulder height in wait difference The mode of row is incremented by, and adjacent rows convex shoulder difference in height △ H=10-50 μm is the highest further away from point of a knife convex shoulder height；Described convex shoulder is high Degree is the distance of same spherical protruding bottom surface to peak.

A kind of self-shield control bits cutter the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described spherical microprotrusion (1) battle array The concrete pattern geometric parameter of row is: convex shoulder height H=10-400 μm, basal diameter D=30-200 μm, from point of a knife the most nearby convex Acting that to have minimum diameter be 30-40 μm, it is 190-200 μm that the projection from point of a knife farthest has maximum gauge, adjacent microprotrusion Interval S=100-200 μm.

Cutter the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the line number of described spherical microprotrusion (1) array is 5- 15 row, columns is 5-15 row, and line direction is parallel with main cutting edge, and between row and column, angle is 90 °, is positioned at the spherical crown in same a line The convex shoulder height of shape microprotrusion (1) is equal.

4. implement the processing method of cutter described in claim 1,2 or 3, concretely comprise the following steps:

A), before the micro-texturing process of tool surface, first cutter rake face is carried out grinding, the table reached after grinding Surface roughness parameter area is: the arithmetic average deviation R of profile_a≤ 2 μm, maximum height R of profile_z≤3μm；

B) utilize YAG laser that cutter rake surface is carried out texture process, obtain microprotrusion pattern, concrete Laser Processing Parameter is: optical maser wavelength 487nm or 934nm, defocusing amount [-1.2,1.2] mm, pulse width 0.5ms, pulse frequency 1-10KHz, Laser energy density is: 10⁴-10⁶w/cm²；

C) microprotrusion surface is processed by shot blasting, removes the burr on micromorphology via polishing.