CN1062251C - 制备陶瓷制品的方法和装置 - Google Patents
制备陶瓷制品的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1062251C CN1062251C CN95196487A CN95196487A CN1062251C CN 1062251 C CN1062251 C CN 1062251C CN 95196487 A CN95196487 A CN 95196487A CN 95196487 A CN95196487 A CN 95196487A CN 1062251 C CN1062251 C CN 1062251C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- former
- metal forming
- particle
- forming device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DNXNYEBMOSARMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zirconium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zr] DNXNYEBMOSARMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGWOFTGZWJGPHG-NKWVEPMBSA-N (2r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1r)-2-oxo-1-(6-oxo-3h-purin-9-yl)ethoxy]propanal Chemical compound N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N([C@@H](C=O)O[C@H](CO)C=O)C=N2 RGWOFTGZWJGPHG-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
- F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
- F27D1/1642—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus
- F27D1/1647—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus the projected materials being partly melted, e.g. by exothermic reactions of metals (Al, Si) with oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
- C04B35/651—Thermite type sintering, e.g. combustion sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
- C23C4/185—Separation of the coating from the substrate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于形成陶瓷制品，特别是陶瓷材料如碳化硅管的方法和装置，其中通过向着一种被加热到至少850℃的表面光滑的金属成型器喷射由难熔颗粒和可燃烧颗粒组成的粉末混合物制造陶瓷制品，其中可燃烧颗粒在一种富氧气体的存在下发生放热反应，从而由该难熔颗粒和该可燃烧颗粒的反应产物以该成型器的形状产生粘附耐火制品。
Description
本发明涉及陶瓷制品的成型以及用于所说成型的装置。更进一步但非排它性地说，它涉及陶瓷材料管的成型。
陶瓷管一般是由制成所需“坯”形并在炉中烘烤的粘土形成的。这些管仍在使用但在机械强度和抗高温方面质量不高，因而发生大量破裂。对于可以承受更高要求的陶瓷管来说，特别是对于象碳化硅那样的重荷陶瓷来说，其制造方法变得越来越复杂。日本公开专利说明书JP-A-03-218987描述了制造用于汽轮机燃烧管的复合碳化硅-金属管的技术。这种制造方法首先是在金属管内表面上形成一层均匀的碳化硅粉末和碳粉混合物层。然后加入过量的硅并且在第一层上再形成一种铝和Fe3O4混合粉末层从而形成一种管状制品。然后使该管状制品非常快地旋转，以进行热反应并且在第一层中产生烧结碳化硅。
本发明的目的在于制备高质量的陶瓷制品，如管子，同时避免这类复杂的工艺。
更具体地说，本发明是通过研究如何将类似于陶瓷焊接工艺的技术运用到陶瓷制品制造上而形成的。
在“陶瓷焊接”中，将固体难熔颗粒与金属或半金属，如铝和硅的固体可燃烧燃料颗粒的混合物对着靶表面进行喷射，使该可燃烧颗粒以一种高度放热方式与氧气起反应，从而与该难熔颗粒以及与该反应所产生的氧化物一起形成粘附耐火物。
从英国专利1330894(Glaverbel)开始已经有了许多关于陶瓷焊接的专利。虽然人们已经知道采用陶瓷焊接工艺来形成耐火制品，如具有特定形状的用于建筑或修复工业窑炉的耐火块，但是，历史上它们主要用于现场修复窑炉耐火材料，如用于玻璃窑炉或焦炭炉炉壁的耐火材料。将陶瓷焊接混合物喷射到需要修复的地方，并在那产生与炉壁粘连的粘附耐火物。
用于窑炉中的耐火材料包括氧化物材料，如氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化锆。具有氮化硅基料的耐火材料用于某些冶金厂，特别是炼铁高炉或锌蒸馏塔中。用于修复混合物中的可燃烧颗粒和难熔颗粒通常选择成使该粘附耐火物具有与窑炉耐火材料相类似的化学组成。
根据本发明，它提供了一种从由难熔颗粒和可燃烧颗粒组成的粉末混合物制造陶瓷制品的方法，其中可燃烧颗粒在一种富氧气体的存在下发生放热反应，从而由该难熔颗粒和该可燃烧颗粒的反应产物产生制品，其特征在于该粉末混合物向着一种金属成型器喷射，该金属成型器被加热到至少850℃，从而以该成型器的形状产生粘附耐火制品，然后将该成型器与该制品分离。
WO，A，9003848(Willmet Inc.)中公开了包括喷射装置的成型耐火制品的装置，所述喷射装置用来喷射可氧化物质和难熔颗粒及氧气。本发明还提供了用于制备陶瓷制品的装置，其特征在于它具有用于由难熔颗粒和可燃烧颗粒组成的粉末混合物的喷射装置，用于富氧气体的供应装置，其特征在于，它包括一个由耐高温和耐化学攻击的材料制成的金属成型器，朝着该金属成型器喷射的颗粒与该富氧气体起反应，从而使该难熔颗粒和该可燃烧颗粒的反应产物以该成型器的形状形成粘附耐火制品，其中该金属成型器的表面上没有任何有助于在焊接材料和金属之间产生粘接的刻痕或凸出物。
本发明特别适用于制造各种陶瓷制品，例如平板、弧形板、波纹板、盘和开槽。但是它特别适用于制造空心制品，如管子、管状连接件和过渡零配件。
根据本发明制得的制品具有高度耐火性和良好的机械性能，因此，它们可以用于陶瓷材料的重荷应用中。它们特别适用于高效热交换器中，用于耐腐浸没加热器、气体喷嘴和金属导管，如钢包喷嘴中。耐腐蚀性的要求在熔融金属，如锌和铝的运用中特别重要。
本发明的另一个优点在于可以由高级耐火材料生产零配件。它避免了低熔点物相的存在，产生了超过采用注浆、煅烧或烧结的传统技术的优点。
本发明代表了制造大尺寸或形状复杂的陶瓷制品的常规方法的一个简单替换方案。此外，其生产更加快速、可靠，而且由于它们仅仅是由所选择的起始原料制造，因此通过适当地选择原料，它们在选择最终产品的性能方面具有相当大的灵活性。
优选的难熔颗粒的例子包括碳化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆和铝-氧化锆。碳化硅是要求具有良好耐高温性能的制品的一个特别需要的成分。
可燃烧颗粒优选地选自硅和铝或其混合物。
该难熔颗粒优选地其最大尺寸为2毫米。这有助于使由于靶表面造成的耐火损失降至最小。可燃烧颗粒优选地其平均颗粒直径不超过50微米(术语“平均颗粒直径”用于本文时代表50％重量的颗粒具有小于该平均值的尺寸)。
将成型器加热到至少850℃可以确保该可燃烧颗粒点火，点火以后，可燃烧颗粒燃烧，同时释放出相当大量的热。该成型器可以加热到至少850℃，以确保可燃烧颗粒到达成型器时产生点火。喷射也可以针对温度低于850℃的成型器，例如在室温下，然后将成型器的温度升高，以开始反应。
优选地，该粉末混合物可以从单个喷枪喷射，虽然如果需要也可以采用多个喷枪结构。
方便的粉末携带气体是用于燃烧的富氧气体。通常，优选地，采用工业级纯氧，其原因在于它有助于获得高反应温度。
通常，逐步地将粉末施加到成型器上，从一点开始，并在整个金属成型器表面上操作。涂覆方式可以人工施加，但较为方便的是将喷枪和成型器彼此安装成使该喷枪与金属成型器之间可以相互地以预定的、可重复的机械运动方式移动。
该金属成型器应由耐高温和耐化学攻击的材料制成。不锈钢通常是优选的。该金属成型器的形状由所需制品的形状确定。本发明的另一个优点在于通过适当选择金属成型器的形状，它可以用来制造具有复杂形状的制品，例如用于排气管中的耐热T形配件和L形配件。用来接受焊接材料的成型器表面是光滑的，没有任何刻痕或突出物，从而防止在该焊接材料与金属之间产生任何粘接。
由于在该成型器表面上形成的粘附陶瓷材料的表面精密地与金属成型器的表面相配合，因此可以生产具有非常精确的和可重复的内部尺寸的空心制品。
该装置包括将成型器相对该喷射喷枪运动的手段。这可以通过仅仅移动该喷射装置而实现，但较为方便的是该成型器本身可以移动。
为了制造管子，该金属成型器应具有细长筒形形状。通过绕其轴旋转该圆筒，陶瓷沉积物可以在一个点由单个喷枪施加。对于长度不超过圆筒长度的管子来说，可以将喷枪沿该圆筒的轴移动，从而使陶瓷涂层覆盖整个圆筒表面。
本发明的方法的特别优点是它可以用来制造尺寸不受成型器尺寸限制的管状制品。这可以通过在管状制品形成时将其从圆筒中取出而实现：当第一圈管状制品固化时，可以用操作工具将其抓紧并在另一圈管状制品不断形成的同时将其圆筒沿轴向方向从圆筒上移走。以这种方式，可以使管子的总长度不受成型条件的限制而取决于附近的操作空间和设备。
对于许多运用来说，将制品与成型器分离可以仅通过抽出该成型器而很容易地达到。如果需要，可以通过用一种耐火水泥预涂覆该成型器而将所形成的制品与该成型器分离，所说的耐火水泥在成型过程中由于施加到其上的热量而变脆，然后很容易从该成型器或该制品表面上裂开。另外，也可以将该成型器冷却，例如冷却到室温，从而使它们相对于所形成的制品收缩，从而可以很容易地除去。
借助于下面的实施例，可以对本发明作进一步描述。这里要强调的是本发明并不限于在这些实施例所说的特定数量和工艺。
实施例1
将由INOX不锈钢制成的可以绕其轴旋转的圆管放在1000℃炉中进行预热。该圆筒外径为40毫米，长度为150毫米，其外表面光滑，没有明显的刻痕或突出物。通过喷枪，将具有下列组成(重量)的粉末混合物喷射到旋转的预热筒上：
碳化硅 79％
硅 8％
铝 5％
氧化镁 8％
该硅颗粒的尺寸为45微米以下，其比表面积为2500-8000平方厘米/克。铝颗粒的尺寸低于45毫米，其比表面积在3500-6000平方厘米/克，碳化硅颗粒的尺寸低于1.47毫米，60％重量为1-1.47毫米，20％为0.5-1毫米，20％以下低于0.125毫米。氧化镁颗粒的平均尺寸约为300微米。
该粉末混合物在工业纯氧气流中输送。几分钟后，在该圆筒表面上施加了一层厚约10毫米的耐火层。将圆筒冷却到室温，可以很容易地将所形成的耐火管子抽出，其内径为40毫米，长度为150毫米。所形成的管子的内表面也完全光滑。
实施例2
将在实施例1中所说的圆管(但尺寸较大且带有内部加热装置)涂覆耐火水泥，然后加热到1100℃，在使圆筒旋转的同时，将组成如实施例1中所说的粉末混合物在工业纯氧气流中由喷枪喷射到涂覆表面上。使喷射持续几分钟以在水泥上形成耐火层。在形成耐火层以后，将圆筒停止加热，使之冷却到室温，它同样容易抽出。在这种情况下，所形成的耐火管的内径为200毫米，长度为1米。
Claims (15)
1．一种从由难熔颗粒和可燃烧颗粒组成的粉末混合物制造陶瓷制品的方法，其中可燃烧颗粒在一种富氧气体的存在下发生放热反应，从而由该难熔颗粒和该可燃烧颗粒的反应产物产生制品，其中所述难熔颗粒由碳化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆和铝-氧化锆中的一种或多种组成，所述可燃烧颗粒选自硅和铝或其混合物，其特征在于该粉末混合物向着一种金属成型器喷射，该金属成型器被加热到至少850℃，从而以该成型器的形状产生粘附耐火制品，然后将该成型器与该制品分离。
2．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中该陶瓷制品为一种空心制品。
3．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中该难熔颗粒的最大尺寸为2毫米。
4．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中该可燃烧颗粒的平均颗粒直径不超过50微米。
5．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中粉末混合物是由单个喷枪喷射的。
6．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中粉末混合物是由多个喷枪喷射的。
7．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中粉末的携带气体为用于燃烧的富氧气体。
8．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中用一种耐火水泥预涂覆该成型器，从而容易将所形成的制品与该成型器分离，所说的耐火水泥在焊接过程中由于施加到其上的热量而变脆。
9．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中在形成该制品以后，将该金属成型器冷却，从而方便地将所形成的制品与该成型器分离。
10．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中逐步地将粉末施加到成型器上，从一点开始，并在整个金属成型器表面上操作。
11．如权利要求1所说的方法，其中该制品是一种管状制品，它是在成型后由该金属成型器上取下的。
12．用于制备陶瓷制品的装置，它具有用于由难熔颗粒和可燃烧颗粒组成的粉末混合物的喷射装置，用于富氧气体的供应装置，其特征在于，它包括一个由耐高温和耐化学攻击的材料制成的金属成型器，朝着该金属成型器喷射的颗粒与该富氧气体起反应，从而使该难熔颗粒和该可燃烧颗粒的反应产物以该成型器的形状形成粘附耐火制品，其中该金属成型器的表面上没有任何有助于在焊接材料和金属之间产生粘接的刻痕或凸出物。
13．如权利要求12所说的装置，其中粉末是通过喷枪喷射的并且喷枪和成型器彼此安装成使该喷枪与金属成型器之间可以相互地以预定的、可重复的机械运动方式移动。
14．如权利要求12或13所说的装置，其中该金属成型器具有长形的圆筒形状。
15．如权利要求14所说的装置，其中该圆筒可绕其轴旋转。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9423985A GB9423985D0 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1994-11-28 | Process and apparatus for making ceramic articles |
| GB9423985.2 | 1994-11-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1167479A CN1167479A (zh) | 1997-12-10 |
| CN1062251C true CN1062251C (zh) | 2001-02-21 |
Family
ID=10765087
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95196487A Expired - Fee Related CN1062251C (zh) | 1994-11-28 | 1995-11-24 | 制备陶瓷制品的方法和装置 |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5853654A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0794931B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3086705B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR970707057A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1062251C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE173724T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU689979B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9510390A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2206041A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ286850B6 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69506279T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK0794931T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2127572T3 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB9423985D0 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO972408D0 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2140889C1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1996016918A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9510041B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6119457A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2000-09-19 | Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. | Heat exchanger apparatus using porous material, and ceramic engine provided with supercharger driven by thermal energy recorded from exhaust gas by the same apparatus |
| US7799111B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2010-09-21 | Sulzer Metco Venture Llc | Thermal spray feedstock composition |
| WO2007108793A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Sulzer Metco Venture, Llc | Method for forming a ceramic containing composite structure |
| EP2047149B1 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2015-08-12 | Sulzer Metco (US) Inc. | Mechanical seals and method of manufacture |
| CN103628018A (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-12 | 西门子公司 | 高速氧燃料喷涂系统及由其制备的金属陶瓷涂层 |
| CN105599107A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-25 | 山东圣川陶瓷材料有限公司 | 无机陶瓷材料的成型方法 |
| CN116190920B (zh) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-09-05 | 宁德卓高新材料科技有限公司 | 一种涂覆隔膜及其制备方法及应用 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2154228A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1985-09-04 | Glaverbel | Composition of matter for use in forming refractory masses in situ |
| WO1990003848A1 (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-04-19 | Willmet, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for flame spraying refractory material |
| JP3218987B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-29 | 2001-10-15 | 日本精工株式会社 | シートベルト用リトラクターのプリテンショナー |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1085827A (fr) * | 1953-07-31 | 1955-02-07 | Procédé et appareils d'obtention de pièces en matériau? réf?ctaires et plus particulièrement d'ailettes et pièces de turbines à gaz | |
| US2990601A (en) * | 1958-11-21 | 1961-07-04 | Lab Equipment Corp | Method of making refractory objects |
| GB1097331A (en) * | 1961-05-26 | 1968-01-03 | Secr Defence | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of ceramic articles |
| US3429962A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1969-02-25 | Gen Electric | Method of forming a metallic oxide article |
| GB1138284A (en) * | 1966-02-09 | 1968-12-27 | Nat Res Dev | Spray deposition of silicon powder structures |
| BE757466A (zh) * | 1969-11-04 | 1971-04-14 | Glaverbel | |
| FR2301322A1 (fr) * | 1975-02-20 | 1976-09-17 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Moule de metallurgie et son procede de fabrication |
| DE3001371C2 (de) * | 1980-01-16 | 1983-10-27 | Langlet, Weber KG Oberflächenveredlung Nachf., 5270 Gummersbach | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen, bindemittelfreien Hohlkörpers |
| GB2103959B (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1985-07-10 | Coal Ind | Repairing refractory substrates |
| GB2144055A (en) * | 1983-07-30 | 1985-02-27 | Glaverbel | Apparatus for and method of spraying refractory-forming material |
| KR960004799B1 (ko) * | 1986-12-22 | 1996-04-13 | 가와사끼 세이데쓰 가부시끼가이샤 | 내화 구조물에 내화제를 분무 도포하는 방법 및 장치 |
| JPH03218987A (ja) * | 1990-01-23 | 1991-09-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 炭化珪素／金属複合管の製造方法 |
-
1994
- 1994-11-28 GB GB9423985A patent/GB9423985D0/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-11-24 CA CA002206041A patent/CA2206041A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-24 WO PCT/BE1995/000109 patent/WO1996016918A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-24 AU AU39757/95A patent/AU689979B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-24 DE DE69506279T patent/DE69506279T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-24 EP EP95938318A patent/EP0794931B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-24 BR BR9510390A patent/BR9510390A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-24 KR KR1019970702953A patent/KR970707057A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-24 CZ CZ19971444A patent/CZ286850B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-24 CN CN95196487A patent/CN1062251C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-24 DK DK95938318T patent/DK0794931T3/da active
- 1995-11-24 AT AT95938318T patent/ATE173724T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-24 JP JP08517965A patent/JP3086705B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-24 US US08/849,168 patent/US5853654A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-24 RU RU97110774A patent/RU2140889C1/ru active
- 1995-11-24 ES ES95938318T patent/ES2127572T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-27 ZA ZA9510041A patent/ZA9510041B/xx unknown
-
1997
- 1997-05-27 NO NO972408A patent/NO972408D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2154228A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1985-09-04 | Glaverbel | Composition of matter for use in forming refractory masses in situ |
| WO1990003848A1 (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-04-19 | Willmet, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for flame spraying refractory material |
| JP3218987B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-29 | 2001-10-15 | 日本精工株式会社 | シートベルト用リトラクターのプリテンショナー |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69506279T2 (de) | 1999-08-12 |
| ATE173724T1 (de) | 1998-12-15 |
| US5853654A (en) | 1998-12-29 |
| GB9423985D0 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
| NO972408L (no) | 1997-05-27 |
| DK0794931T3 (da) | 1999-06-23 |
| BR9510390A (pt) | 1997-12-23 |
| JPH10502612A (ja) | 1998-03-10 |
| AU689979B2 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| RU2140889C1 (ru) | 1999-11-10 |
| EP0794931B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
| ZA9510041B (en) | 1996-06-04 |
| CA2206041A1 (en) | 1996-06-06 |
| KR970707057A (ko) | 1997-12-01 |
| AU3975795A (en) | 1996-06-19 |
| CZ286850B6 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
| NO972408D0 (no) | 1997-05-27 |
| WO1996016918A1 (en) | 1996-06-06 |
| DE69506279D1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
| ES2127572T3 (es) | 1999-04-16 |
| CZ144497A3 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
| JP3086705B2 (ja) | 2000-09-11 |
| EP0794931A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
| CN1167479A (zh) | 1997-12-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4792468A (en) | Method of forming refractory masses from compositions of matter of specified granulometry | |
| Bartuli et al. | Plasma spray deposition and high temperature characterization of ZrB2–SiC protective coatings | |
| KR100414240B1 (ko) | 내식성 내화재의 제조방법 | |
| JP3212600B2 (ja) | シアロン基質により結合された耐火性材料及び調製方法 | |
| CN100354455C (zh) | 用于燃烧锅炉的陶瓷涂层 | |
| JPS62270469A (ja) | 耐火物塊体を形成する方法およびかかる塊体を形成するための粒子の混合物 | |
| CN1062251C (zh) | 制备陶瓷制品的方法和装置 | |
| WO1995015932A1 (fr) | Brique exempte de chrome | |
| CA2071370C (en) | Process and mixture for forming a coherent refractory mass on a surface | |
| CN1074393C (zh) | 硅质耐火材料的生产方法和耐火砖 | |
| JP2941892B2 (ja) | セラミツク溶接法及びそれに使用するための粉末混合物 | |
| KR102019176B1 (ko) | 주조 부품 및 부식 방지층의 도포를 위한 방법 | |
| CN1088826C (zh) | 用于修补氧化物基耐火体的方法及粉末混合物 | |
| US20190264335A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing ceramic steel sheet | |
| EP1470092A1 (en) | Refractory articles and methods for producing refractory articles | |
| JP3009815B2 (ja) | チタン酸アルミニウム−アルミナ質溶射材 | |
| RU2101263C1 (ru) | Муллитовый материал для производства огнеупорных изделий, способ изготовления муллитового материала для производства огнеупорных изделий и огнеупорное слоистое изделие | |
| EP1292550A1 (en) | Process for forming a vitreous layer on a refractory surface | |
| SU1015223A1 (ru) | Огнеупорна футеровка плавильной печи и способ ее изготовлени | |
| JPH02180755A (ja) | 非鉄溶融金属用含炭素セラミック複合体 | |
| Criss | Fused silica refractories for industrial applications | |
| JPH04332386A (ja) | 窯炉内面のコーティング材料と方法 | |
| JPS63123984A (ja) | 回転焼成炉のサスペンシヨンプレヒ−タ−における原料粉末付着防止方法 | |
| Hong et al. | THERMAL REPAIR TECHNIQUE OF REFRACTORY BRICK BY FLAME SPRAYING METHOD | |
| AU2001273740A1 (en) | Process for forming a vitreous layer on a refractory surface |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |