CN106224967B - Stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification incineration system and dove-tail form ash collecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system and a dovetail fly ash collection device. The inner cavity of the dovetail fly ash collection device includes a combustion channel, a fly ash settling chamber, a conical slag outlet and a surrounding combustion channel The upper annular flue gas passage, the annular exhaust flue, and the lower annular flue gas passage, the ventilation area of the lower annular flue gas passage gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the ventilation area of the upper annular flue gas passage gradually decreases from top to bottom The side wall of the fly ash collection device is provided with a tangential smoke outlet to communicate with the annular exhaust flue, the middle part of the side wall of the combustion channel is provided with the entrance of the cyclone combustion chamber along the tangential direction, and a number of combustion air supply ports are provided on the side wall of the combustion channel . The fly ash collection device using this garbage gasification combustion has high fly ash collection efficiency and combustion efficiency, high heat recovery efficiency, can realize controllable combustion and controllable collection, reduce heat loss, and can effectively reduce Emissions.

Description

Mechanical grate waste gasification incineration system and dovetail fly ash collection device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste incineration treatment, and in particular relates to a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system and a dovetail fly ash collection device.

Background technique

The existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among the conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration has the advantages of obvious reduction effect, complete harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which meets the strategic requirements of my country's sustainable development. However, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements at home and abroad, how to strengthen the control of secondary pollution is particularly important. Therefore, waste pyrolysis and gasification incineration technology is gradually pushed to the road of industrial application, especially for domestic waste, various incineration technologies are mainly used now, and the extensive industrialization of gasification and incineration technology will bring the technology of domestic waste treatment industry Innovation.

Over the years, my country has made a lot of progress in the scientific research on gasification and incineration technology of biomass and garbage. There are many basic researches in the laboratory, and there are also applied researches, such as: rotary kiln type, vertical type and fluidized bed type retort gasification Or gasification high-temperature melting technology, etc. However, there are still certain limitations in the popularization and application of the technology. The main factors are the types of raw materials, the amount of garbage disposal, secondary pollution control and economic benefits.

Among the existing incineration processes and equipment, the grate type incinerator has various forms, and its application accounts for more than 80% of the total waste incineration market in the world. Among them, mechanical reverse push grate and forward push grate are used in the furnace body Or combined grate, there are also chain plate type and drum type grate.

To sum up, typical gasification incinerators each have their own advantages, but the problems and deficiencies that need to be solved in practical applications in our country:

1. For the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic waste in my country, the technical use of mobile hearth needs to focus on the transportation capacity of waste.

2. With the continuous increase of garbage generation, garbage piles up like a mountain, and the garbage disposal volume must be effectively increased in order to meet the market demand.

3. In the face of strict pollutant discharge requirements, secondary pollution control is the core issue that needs to be solved technically.

4. In order to effectively improve economic benefits, the heat recovery efficiency needs to be improved during the thermal treatment of waste. Existing waste heat treatment technologies usually use boilers to generate steam and push it to steam turbines for power generation. The entire conversion heat efficiency loss is relatively large, and the same amount of waste can be treated by relatively reducing heat loss and improving heat exchange efficiency to improve heat efficiency.

5. In the existing waste incineration methods and boiler applications, there is little or no high-temperature dust removal, and some of them are not efficient enough. There are fewer high-efficiency dust removal and combustion. Boilers are prone to ash accumulation, which reduces heat conversion efficiency and power generation. , short maintenance period, etc.

Existing incinerators such as the following two invention patents: multi-column segmental drive compound domestic waste incinerator (ZL200710092508.9) and unsolved problems in two-stage waste incinerator (ZL201010268376.2): comparison of heat treatment modes of waste Backward, it is only the process of drying-burning-burning, solid combustion to release heat; the thermochemical reaction in the furnace is dominated by oxidation reaction, supplemented by reduction reaction, which is easy to produce secondary pollutants; when garbage is burned in the furnace, the peroxygen coefficient is large, The primary air and secondary air supply a large amount, and the dust content in the flue gas is relatively high, which has a great impact on the heat energy recovery system and the flue gas treatment system. It is easy to accumulate dust, and the amount of flue gas is large, which reduces the heat conversion efficiency; The gasification furnace and ember furnace installed can only process garbage in batches, and cannot realize large-scale continuous gasification and incineration of garbage, and the amount of garbage to be treated is small.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system and a dovetail fly ash collection device. The fly ash collection device has high dust removal efficiency and combustion efficiency, and can reduce heat loss. The recovery efficiency is high, and can effectively reduce pollutant emissions.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

A dovetail-type fly ash collection device, the top plate of the fly ash collection device is provided with a combustion chamber ignition and combustion-supporting hole, and the inner chamber of the fly ash collection device includes a combustion channel, a fly ash settling chamber, a fly ash settling chamber, The cone-shaped slag outlet and the upper annular flue gas passage, annular exhaust flue, and lower annular flue gas passage arranged in turn around the combustion channel from top to bottom, the cone-shaped slag outlet is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and the upper annular smoke channel The gas passage, the annular exhaust flue, the lower annular flue gas passage and the combustion passage are separated by an annular air guide pier, the upper annular flue gas passage and the lower annular flue gas passage are all connected to the combustion passage, and the combustion passage It includes a vertical channel, a V-cone channel located above the vertical channel, and a conical channel located below the vertical channel. The V-cone channel has a large top and a small bottom, and the conical channel has a small top and a large bottom. The diameter of the chamber is greater than the diameter of the lower end of the tapered channel, the ventilation area of the lower annular flue gas channel gradually decreases from bottom to top, the ventilation area of the upper annular flue gas channel gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the annular flue gas channel gradually decreases from top to bottom. Both ends of the exhaust flue communicate with the lower annular flue gas passage and the upper annular flue gas passage respectively, and a tangential smoke outlet is provided on the side wall of the fly ash collection device to communicate with the annular exhaust flue, and the combustion passage The middle part of the side wall is provided with the inlet of the fly ash collection device along the tangential direction, and a number of combustion-supporting air supply ports are arranged on the side wall of the combustion channel, and the combustion-supporting air supply ports are distributed above and below the entrance of the fly ash collection device. The air supply ports are respectively connected to air pipes, and the air pipes pass through the annular air guide pier to introduce the combustion-supporting air into the combustion channel.

Preferably, a number of gas distribution piers with a narrow top and a wide bottom are arranged in the circumferential direction in the lower annular flue gas channel, and a flue gas ramp with a narrow bottom and a wide top is formed between adjacent gas distribution piers with a narrow top and a wide bottom; The lower part of the upper annular flue gas channel is provided with a number of gas distribution piers which are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom along the circumference, and smoke ramps with a narrow top and a wide bottom are formed between adjacent gas distribution piers.

Preferably, the inlet of the fly ash collection device is connected to a high-temperature flue for feeding high-temperature flue gas, a flue gas motion parameter acquisition unit is arranged on the high-temperature flue, and a variable synthetic flue gas inlet is arranged at the inlet of the fly ash collection device , the flue gas motion parameter acquisition unit includes an induction receiving and signal processing unit, a cooling unit, a heat insulation base and an induction element, the heat insulation base is fixed on the pipe wall of the high-temperature flue, and the induction element is vertically It is fixed on the heat insulation base in the direction of the axis of the high-temperature flue, and the measuring end of the sensing element extends into the high-temperature flue. The unit measures the flue gas flow and flow rate in the high-temperature flue through the sensing element. The cooling unit is surrounded by the sensing element on a section between the heat insulation base, the induction receiving and signal processing unit, and the variable synthetic flue gas inlet It includes an actuator, a refractory diameter adjustment seat, one end of the refractory diameter adjustment seat extends into the inlet of the fly ash collection device, and the other end is connected to the actuator, and also includes a first smoke component detection device and a control unit, the first The smoke component detection device is installed on the high-temperature flue to detect the smoke component in the high-temperature flue, and the control unit is electrically connected with the first smoke component detection device, the induction receiving and signal processing unit, and the actuator respectively, The control unit processes the movement parameters of the flue gas and the composition parameters of the synthetic flue gas, and controls the expansion and contraction of the refractory diameter adjusting seat through the actuator, and then controls the aperture size of the variable synthetic flue gas inlet.

Preferably, the variable synthetic flue gas inlet also includes a refractory flue, a heat insulation seal, a compressed heat insulation layer, and a high temperature seal. The cross section of the refractory flue is U-shaped, and the opening of the refractory flue is compressed The heat insulation layer is sealed, and the refractory diameter adjustment seat is inserted into the refractory flue through the compressed heat insulation layer, and the width of the refractory diameter adjustment seat located in the refractory flue is greater than the width of the refractory diameter adjustment seat located outside the refractory flue. A high temperature seal is provided between the refractory diameter adjusting seat and the side wall of the refractory flue, and a heat insulating seal is provided between the refractory diameter adjusting seat and the compression heat insulation layer.

A mechanical grate type garbage gasification and incineration system, comprising a gasification incinerator, the gasification incinerator includes a furnace frame, and a feed bin, a gasification furnace and a burner are sequentially arranged on the furnace frame along the feeding direction The rear of the gasification furnace is the slag outlet of the gasifier, the ember furnace is located at the front and lower part of the gasifier slag outlet, and the rear of the ember furnace is the slag outlet of the ember furnace. There is a garbage pusher, and the garbage pusher is located under the feeding bin, which is used to push the garbage in the feeding bin into the gasification furnace, under the moving hearth of the gasification furnace and the moving hearth of the ember furnace There is at least one independently arranged primary air chamber under each of them, a stacking sealing section is provided between the feed bin and the gasifier, and a grate part between the gasifier and the ember furnace A transitional slagging section, the transitional slagging section is provided with a residue pusher for pushing the garbage residue falling from the gasifier into the ember furnace;

The gasification furnace and the ember furnace respectively include a furnace shell and a movable hearth. The front and rear of the gasification furnace are respectively sealed by a stacking sealing section and a transitional slagging section, and the transitional slagging section is isolated from the gasifier. 1. The ember furnace, so that the gasifier and the ember furnace are independent of each other;

The gasification furnace and the ember furnace are respectively arched, the front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, and the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with a first flue gas outlet. The vault of the embering furnace is provided with a second flue gas outlet, and the gasification furnace and the embering furnace are respectively provided with ignition and combustion-supporting holes;

It also includes a fly ash collection device, the inlet of the fly ash collection device communicates with the first flue gas outlet;

It also includes a circulating air supply system. The circulating air supply system includes a dust removal device, a first blower fan, and a second blower fan. It is connected to the inlet end of the first blower through a pipeline, and the outlet end of the first blower is connected to the main pipe of the first manifold. chamber and the secondary air supply ports on the front and rear arches of the gasifier, each branch of the first manifold is respectively provided with a first regulating valve, the air inlet of the second blower is connected to the atmosphere, and the The gas outlet of the second blower is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold, and the branch pipes of the second manifold communicate with the primary air chambers below the moving hearth of the ember furnace and the air inlet and outlet of the dust removal device respectively. Each branch of the second manifold is respectively provided with a second regulating valve, and also includes a third manifold, the main pipe of the third manifold communicates with the air outlet of the second blower fan, and each branch of the third manifold communicates with the air outlet of the second fan respectively. Each combustion-supporting air supply port is connected, and each branch pipe of the third manifold is respectively provided with a third regulating valve.

Preferably, the first manifold also has a branch pipe connected to the inlet of the fly ash collection device, the branch pipe is provided with a corresponding regulating valve, and the unused remaining part of the flue gas drawn by the first fan is collected by the fly ash The inlet of the device is sprayed into the fly ash collection device, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the corresponding regulating valve.

Preferably, the branch pipe connecting the first manifold to the inlet of the fly ash collection device is provided with a smoke volume detection device and a second smoke component detection device, the smoke volume detection device, the second smoke component The detection device and the third regulating valve are respectively electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit processes the synthetic smoke component parameters collected by the second smoke component detection device and the synthetic smoke flow parameters collected by the smoke volume detection device, and The air supply volume of the combustion air is controlled by the third regulating valve.

In order to effectively remove dust from the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the ember furnace, preferably, the dust removal device is a cyclone separator or a high-temperature dust collector; the first fan is a high-temperature fan, which is beneficial to work in a high-temperature environment, and the second The second fan is a blower.

In order to prevent wind blowing between the gasifier and the ember furnace, preferably, an openable and closable isolation door is provided on the transitional slagging section, and the isolation door is used to isolate the gasifier and the ember furnace.

In order to better adapt to the installation space in the factory, preferably, the front arch of the gasifier is a straight structure, or the front arch of the gasifier is an upwardly inclined rear end structure.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

After the flue gas synthesized by the fly ash collection device enters tangentially, it is mixed with the oxygen supplied by the combustion-supporting air and burned in the combustion channel. The flue gas rotates upwards into the V-cone channel, diverted through the annular air guide pier, and the fly ash falls into the slag discharge The high-temperature flue gas bypasses the annular air guide pier and enters the upper and lower annular flue gas passages, and then enters the annular exhaust flue through the flue gas ramp to be discharged. The flue gas goes up, the fly ash settles by its own weight, and the bottom of the V-cone channel is small and the top is big, the volume increases, the pressure decreases, the flow rate decreases, and the centrifugal force of the cyclone further promotes the settlement of the fly ash; the fly ash settles on the outdoor drum and the cone channel Small and large, the volume of the downward flue gas increases, the pressure decreases, the flow rate decreases, and the centrifugal force of the cyclone further promotes the settlement of the fly ash; the volume of the fly ash settling chamber is further increased, and the dust removal effect is further improved; the flue gas of the lower annular flue gas channel The size gradually decreases, and the flue gas goes up, the fly ash settles by its own weight, and enters the trapezoidal flue gas ramp, which reduces the suction of fly ash and is more beneficial for dust removal; the flue gas size of the upper annular flue gas channel gradually decreases, and the flue gas speed Lower, enter the trapezoidal flue gas ramp, reduce the suction of fly ash, and dust removal is more beneficial; due to the conical structure of the annular flue gas channel, the closer to the exit, the smaller the cross-sectional area, the trapezoidal flue gas ramp makes the high-temperature flue gas flow rate in the annular flue gas channel uniform. Vertical channel cyclone separation dust removal, V-cone channel, upper and lower annular flue gas channels, combination of ramp settings and fly ash self-weight improve dust removal efficiency, and synthetic flue gas is fully mixed and burned during the dust removal process to improve combustion efficiency.

The control unit processes flue gas motion parameters (speed, flow, fluid force, etc.), synthetic flue gas components, and flue gas composition and flow from the outlet of the high-temperature fan to the fly ash collection device, controls the actuator to adjust the opening of the flue gas inlet, and at the same time Control the amount of combustion-supporting air to realize the adjustment of the fluctuations in the amount and composition of synthetic flue gas caused by the instability of the waste components and heat treatment process, so as to control the initial velocity of the flue gas inlet and the combustion-supporting oxygen supply to achieve efficient dust removal and burning purpose. The control unit controls the variable synthetic flue gas inlet actuator: purely mechanical transmission, mechanical parameter amplification mechanism, and then drives the actuator, with higher execution efficiency.

The air blower blows in the air to provide the primary air for the ember furnace and the temperature-regulated air supply for the cyclone separator and the high-temperature fan. The air supply volume is adjusted through the second regulating valve on the corresponding pipeline so that the residue of the ember furnace is fully burned; then, the high-temperature The fan extracts the flue gas from the combustion furnace, and after the fly ash is collected by the tempering and cyclone separator, the flue gas with a certain pressure is supplied to the primary air and secondary air of the gasifier, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve on the corresponding pipeline , so that the garbage in the gasification furnace is gasified, and the flue gas containing a certain amount of synthesis gas is discharged from the first flue gas outlet and enters the processing link of the fly ash collection device, which provides high-temperature flue gas. The invention has a novel concept, a large amount of garbage treatment, and the garbage material layer undergoes drying, gasification and residue burning stages on the mechanical grate. Energy conversion efficiency and reduction of pollutant emissions in flue gas can effectively prevent secondary pollution, and can realize large-scale continuous gasification and incineration treatment of garbage, ensure the effect of gasification and incineration of garbage and the thermal reduction rate of ash, and relatively reduce heat loss And improve heat exchange efficiency, improve thermal efficiency.

The gasification furnace and the ember furnace are installed separately. The vault of the gasifier is provided with the first flue gas outlet, and the vault of the ember furnace is provided with the second flue gas outlet. It is beneficial to the dust removal of flue gas, can provide higher quality flue gas, makes the utilization rate of flue gas higher, and discharges less waste residue.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fly ash collecting device;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas movement parameter acquisition unit;

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of A-A of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the B-B sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the C-C sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system.

reference sign

1 is a gasification incinerator, 101 is a furnace frame, 102 is a feeding bin, 103 is a gasification furnace, 104 is an ember furnace, 105 is a hearth, 106 is a garbage pusher, 107 is a primary air chamber, and 108 is a Stacking sealing section, 109 is the transition slag falling section, 110 is the residue pusher, 111 is the isolation door, 112 is the first flue gas outlet, 113 is the second flue gas outlet, 114 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole, 115 is the secondary The air supply port, 116 is the slag outlet, and 117 is the slag discharge port;

2 is the circulating air supply system, 201 is the dust removal device, 202 is the first fan, 203 is the second fan, 204 is the first manifold, 205 is the second manifold, 206 is the third manifold, 207 is the first regulator Valve, 208 is the second regulating valve, and 209 is the third regulating valve;

3 is the fly ash collection device, 301 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole of the combustion chamber, 302 is the cone-shaped slag outlet, 303 is the inlet of the fly ash collection device, 304 is the tangential smoke outlet, 305 is the combustion-supporting air supply port, and 306 is the vertical Channel, 307 is a V-cone channel, 308 is an upper annular flue gas channel, 309 is a lower annular flue gas channel, 310 is an annular exhaust flue, 311 is an annular air guide pier, 312 is a gas distribution pier, and 313 is a flue gas ramp , 314 is the high-temperature flue, 315 is the induction receiving and signal processing unit, 316 is the cooling unit, 317 is the heat insulation base, 318 is the induction element, 319 is the actuator, 320 is the refractory diameter adjustment seat, 321 is the first smoke Gas component detection device, 322 is the control unit, 323 is the refractory flue, 324 is the heat insulation seal, 325 is the compression heat insulation layer, 326 is the high temperature seal, 327 is the flue gas volume detection device, 328 is the second flue gas Component detection device.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, it is a preferred embodiment of the dovetail type fly ash collection device,

A dovetail type fly ash collection device, the top plate of the fly ash collection device is provided with a combustion chamber ignition and combustion support hole 301, and the inner cavity of the fly ash collection device includes a combustion channel and a fly ash settling chamber arranged in sequence from top to bottom , a conical slag outlet 302 and an upper annular flue gas passage 308, an annular exhaust flue 310, and a lower annular flue gas passage 309 that are arranged in turn around the combustion channel from top to bottom. Small, the upper annular flue gas passage 308, the annular exhaust flue 310, the lower annular flue gas passage 309 are separated from the combustion passage by an annular air guide pier 311, the upper annular flue gas passage 308, the lower annular smoke passage The gas passages 309 are all communicated with the combustion passages, and the combustion passages include a vertical passage 306, a V-cone passage 307 positioned above the vertical passage, and a conical passage positioned below the vertical passage. , the conical passage is small at the top and large at the bottom, the diameter of the fly ash settling chamber is greater than the diameter of the lower end of the conical passage, the ventilation area of the lower annular flue gas passage 309 gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the upper annular The ventilation area of the flue gas passage 308 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the two ends of the annular exhaust flue 310 communicate with the lower annular flue gas passage 309 and the upper annular flue gas passage 308 respectively. A tangential smoke outlet 304 is provided on the side wall to communicate with the annular exhaust flue 310. The middle part of the side wall of the combustion channel is provided with an inlet 303 of the fly ash collection device tangentially. The air supply ports 305, the combustion-supporting air supply ports 305 are distributed above and below the fly ash collection device inlet 303, and the combustion-supporting air supply ports 305 are respectively connected to air pipes, and the air pipes pass through the annular air guide pier 311, and the Combustion-supporting air is introduced into the combustion channel.

The lower annular flue gas channel 309 is provided with a number of gas distribution piers 312 that are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom along the circumference, and a flue gas ramp 313 that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top is formed between adjacent gas distribution piers 312 that are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom; The lower part of the upper annular flue gas passage 308 is provided with several gas distribution piers 312 that are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom along the circumference, and smoke ramps 313 that are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom are formed between adjacent gas distribution piers 312 .

The inlet 303 of the fly ash collection device is connected to a high-temperature flue 314 for supplying high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue 314 is provided with a flue gas movement parameter acquisition unit, and the inlet 303 of the fly ash collection device is provided with a variable synthetic smoke. The gas inlet, the flue gas motion parameter acquisition unit includes an induction receiving and signal processing unit 315, a cooling unit 316, a heat insulation base 317 and an induction element 318, and the heat insulation base 317 is fixed on the pipe wall of the high temperature flue 314 Above, the induction element 318 is fixed on the heat insulation base 317 along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the high temperature flue 314, the measuring end of the induction element 318 extends into the high temperature flue 314, and the induction receiving and signal processing unit 315 is fixed At one end of the induction element 318 located outside the high-temperature flue 314, the induction receiving and signal processing unit 315 measures the flue gas flow rate and flow velocity in the high-temperature flue 314 through the induction element 318. The cooling unit 316 is surrounded by the induction element 318 and is located On a section between the heat base 317 and the induction receiving and signal processing unit 315 , the heat insulating base 317 and the cooling unit 316 prevent the heat of the high temperature flue 314 from being conducted to the induction receiving and signal processing unit 315 . The variable synthetic flue gas inlet includes an actuator 319 and a refractory diameter adjustment seat 320, and the actuator 319 can be an air cylinder, an oil cylinder, or the like. One end of the refractory diameter adjustment seat 320 extends into the inlet 303 of the fly ash collection device, and the other end is connected to the actuator 319, and also includes a first smoke component detection device 321 and a control unit 322. The first smoke component The detection device 321 is installed on the high-temperature flue 314 to detect the flue gas components in the high-temperature flue 314, and the control unit 322 is respectively connected with the first flue gas component detection device 321, the induction receiving and signal processing unit 315, and the execution The mechanism 319 is electrically connected, and the control unit 322 processes the motion parameters of the flue gas and the composition parameters of the synthetic flue gas, and controls the expansion and contraction of the refractory aperture adjustment seat 320 through the actuator 319, thereby controlling the aperture size of the variable synthetic flue gas inlet.

In this embodiment, the variable synthetic flue gas inlet also includes a refractory flue 323, a heat insulation seal 324, a compressed heat insulation layer 325, and a high temperature seal 326. Made of high-temperature materials, the heat insulation seal 324 and the compressed heat insulation layer 325 can be made of commonly used heat insulation materials. The cross-section of the refractory flue 323 is U-shaped, and the opening of the refractory flue 323 is sealed by the compression heat insulation layer 325, and the refractory diameter adjustment seat 320 extends into the refractory flue 323 through the compression heat insulation layer 325 , the width of the refractory diameter adjusting seat 320 located at one end of the refractory flue 323 is greater than the width of the refractory diameter adjusting seat 320 at the outer end of the refractory flue 323, and a high temperature seal is set between the refractory diameter adjusting seat 320 and the side wall of the refractory flue 323 326, a heat insulation seal 324 is set between the refractory diameter adjustment seat 320 and the compression heat insulation layer 325.

Referring to Fig. 6, it is a preferred embodiment of a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system, including a gasification incinerator 1, and the gasification incinerator 1 includes a grate 101, and on the grate 101 along the The feeding bin 102, the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 are arranged in sequence in the direction of the material. The rear of the ember furnace 104 is the slag outlet of the ember furnace 104. The gasifier 103 is mainly used to gasify the charcoal part of the garbage. and discharge combustible gasification flue gas and garbage residue, and the ember furnace 104 mainly performs combustion treatment of residual charcoal and discharges harmless ash. The hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 adopts a mechanical grate type movable hearth 105 independently driven by sections. The plates are stacked front and back, arranged alternately and gathered together. Multiple groups of adjacent movable grate plates are connected by tie rods and driven by a set of driving devices. The mechanical grate type moving hearth 105 is used as a carrier for transporting garbage, and its implementation can be various types of moving hearth 105, such as chain plate type, drum type, multi-stage type grate system, etc.

Described grate 101 is provided with refuse pusher 106, and described refuse pusher 106 is positioned at the below of feeding bin 102, is used for pushing the rubbish in feeding bin 102 into gasifier 103, and gasifier 103 The bottom of the moving hearth 105 and the bottom of the ember furnace 104 and the bottom of the moving hearth 105 are respectively provided with at least one independent primary air chamber 107. In this embodiment, the primary air chamber 107 corresponding to the first half of the gasifier 103 The grate and driving device are used as the drying section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103, and the grate and driving device corresponding to the primary air chamber 107 in the second half of the gasifier 103 are used as the gasification section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 . The drying section and the gasification section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 can use 1-2 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply, or 3-4 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply. Of course, the fire grate, the driving device and the primary air chamber 107 may not be arranged correspondingly, so as to better adjust the relationship between the movement of the upper material layer of the movable hearth 105 and the air distribution. The embers 104 can use 1-4 independent primary air chambers 107 to supply air, and after embers, the ash is discharged from the slag outlet, and enters the next processing procedure.

A stacking sealing section 108 is provided between the feed bin 102 and the gasifier 103, and the garbage pusher 106 is in place in the stacking sealing section 108. The garbage raw materials are put into and fall from the feeding bin 102, and the garbage pushing The feeder 106 retreats, then advances, and reciprocates multiple times to push the material to form a pile in the pile sealing section 108, so that the gasifier 103 inlet is in a pile seal state, and the sealing effect of the gasifier 103 is enhanced to solve the problem of garbage pusher 106 and waste. Feed bin 102 is prone to air leakage. When it is necessary to completely clean the furnace and dispose of all the garbage, the garbage pusher 106 is pushed forward half a stroke, and the garbage is completely pushed into the gasifier 103, so that the gasifier 103 inlet loses the sealing effect of stacking. A transitional slagging section 109 is left on the part of the grate 101 between the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104, and the transitional slagging section 109 is provided with a residue pusher 110 for dispelling The falling garbage residues are pushed into the ember furnace 104, and the transitional slag section 109 can be in a stacking and sealing state when the garbage residues are piled up, so as to enhance the sealing effect of the gasifier 103 and solve the problem of crosstalk between the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104. Wind problem. In this embodiment, the transitional slagging section 109 is provided with an openable and closable isolation door 111 , and the isolation door 111 is used to isolate the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 . At the initial stage of starting the furnace or when it is necessary to control the blowing wind between the gasifier 103 and the incinerator, close the isolation door 111. After a certain amount of residue is piled up in the slag section to form a stacking seal, the isolation door 111 can be kept open, and the The residue pusher 110 is used in coordination to realize the continuous gasification and incineration treatment of garbage.

The upper end of the gasification furnace 103 and the upper end of the ember furnace 104 are respectively arched, and the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 is a straight structure, or the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 is a rear end inclined upward structure . The vault of the gasification furnace 103 is provided with a first flue gas outlet 112, the vault of the ember furnace 104 is provided with a second flue gas outlet 113, the arch of the upper end of the gasification furnace 103 and the upper end of the ember furnace 104 are Ignition and combustion-supporting holes 114 are respectively provided on the arches. The gasified flue gas is discharged from the first flue gas outlet 112 and the second flue gas outlet 113, and also includes a fly ash collecting device 3, and the inlet of the fly ash collecting device communicates with the first flue gas outlet. Compared with the traditional waste incinerator, the furnace space of the gasifier 103 is relatively smaller; the relative positions of the front and rear arches and the movable hearth 105 become smaller, which reduces the space occupied by the incinerator, and is also easier to keep warm and reduce the heat loss. The amount of leakage is conducive to the full gasification of garbage. Secondary air supply ports 115 are respectively provided on the front arch and the rear arch of the gasifier 103 .

It also includes a circulating air supply system 2. The circulating air supply system 2 includes a dust removal device 201, a first fan 202, and a second fan 203. The dust removal device 201 is a cyclone separator or a high-temperature dust collector. In this embodiment, the The dust removal device 201 is a cyclone separator. The first fan 202 is a high temperature fan, and the second fan 203 is a blower. The inlet end of the dust removal device 201 is connected to the second flue gas outlet 113 through a pipeline, the gas outlet end of the dust removal device 201 is connected to the inlet end of the first fan 202 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet end of the first fan 202 is Connect the main pipe of the first manifold 204, the branch pipes of the first manifold 204 are respectively connected with the primary air chambers 107 below the moving hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 and the secondary air chambers on the front and rear arches of the gasifier 103. The air supply port 115 is connected, and each branch pipe of the first manifold 204 is respectively provided with a first regulating valve 207. The primary air of the gasification furnace 103 is a high-temperature fan that extracts the flue gas from the ember furnace 104 to generate a certain pressure and blows it into the gasification furnace 103. In the corresponding primary air chamber 107 below the mechanical grate type movable hearth 105, the garbage is sprayed through the primary air holes on the movable hearth 105 for gasification, and the supply is adjusted through the first regulating valves 207 on the corresponding branch pipes. Air volume. The secondary air of the gasification furnace 103 is a high-temperature fan that draws the flue gas from the ember furnace 104 to generate a certain pressure and blows it into the furnace of the gasification furnace 103. The injection holes are set on the front and rear arches of the gasification furnace 103. The front and rear arches are provided with secondary air supply ports 115 to improve the gasification efficiency and enhance the decomposition of high molecular substances in the flue gas. Ignition and combustion-supporting holes 114 are opened on the rear arch, used for starting the furnace, oven and stabilizing the temperature in the gasification furnace 103, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve 207 on each branch pipe. The air inlet of the second fan 203 communicates with the atmosphere, and the air blown by the second fan 203 may be cold air or heated hot air. The air outlet of the second fan 203 is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold 205, and the branch pipes of the second manifold 205 are respectively connected to the inlets of the primary air chambers 107 below the moving hearth 105 of the ember furnace 104 and the dust removal device 201. The gas end and the gas outlet end are connected, and each branch of the second manifold 205 is respectively provided with a second regulating valve 208 . The primary air of the ember furnace 104 is that the blower blows air of a certain pressure into the corresponding primary air chamber 107 under the mechanical grate type movable hearth 105, and then sprays through the primary air holes on the movable hearth 105 to penetrate the residue and remove the residue. For combustion, the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve 207 corresponding to each branch pipe. The air intake of the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the dedusting device 201 is a temperature-regulated air supply, and the temperature-regulated air supply is that the blower blows air of a certain pressure into the outlet of the ember furnace 104 (that is, the cyclone separator inlet) for temperature regulation. The outlet of the separator (that is, the inlet of the high-temperature fan) is blown in for further temperature adjustment, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the first regulating valve 207 corresponding to each branch pipe.

It also includes a third manifold 206, the main pipe of the third manifold 206 communicates with the air outlet of the second fan 203, each branch of the third manifold 206 communicates with each combustion air supply port 305 respectively, the third manifold Each branch of the pipe 206 is respectively provided with a third regulating valve 209 . The inlet 303 of the fly ash collection device and the combustion-supporting air supply port are both arranged on the peripheral wall of the fly ash collection device 3, so that the flue gas and air in the fly ash collection device 3 can be mixed for a longer period of time, more evenly mixed, and more fully burned. The combustion-supporting air supply of the fly ash collection device 3 is that the blower blows air of a certain pressure into the combustion-supporting air supply port and sprays it into the fly ash collection device 3. The direction of the combustion-supporting air supply can be radial or tangential; and the syngas is burned. At the same time, the high-temperature fan extracts the flue gas from the ember furnace 104 to generate a certain pressure and blows it into the corresponding primary air chamber 107 below the mechanical grate type movable hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the secondary air chambers on the front and rear arches of the gasification furnace 103 , the first manifold 204 also has a branch pipe connected to the flue gas inlet of the fly ash collection device, and the branch pipe is provided with a corresponding regulating valve. The unused remaining part of the flue gas extracted by the high-temperature fan is then sprayed into the fly ash collection device 3 through the flue gas inlet of the fly ash collection device 3 for combustion of syngas, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the corresponding regulating valve. This structure can reduce heat loss And improve the heat exchange efficiency, greatly improve the heat recovery efficiency, and can effectively reduce pollutant emissions.

Further, the branch pipe connecting the first manifold with the inlet of the fly ash collection device is provided with a smoke volume detection device 327 and a second smoke component detection device 328, the smoke volume detection device, the second smoke gas The component detection device and the third regulating valve are respectively electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit processes the composition parameters of the synthetic smoke collected by the second smoke component detection device and the flow parameters of the synthetic smoke collected by the smoke volume detection device , and control the air supply volume of the combustion air through the third regulating valve.

The embering furnace 104 is provided with a slag outlet 117, and the slag outlet 116 of the embering furnace 104 is located directly below the slag outlet 117 of the embering furnace. The slag outlet is connected. The structure has good sealing effect and can effectively reduce pollutant discharge.

A garbage treatment method of a mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system, the method is carried out according to the following steps:

Step A, close the gate of the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the atmospheric ventilation, start the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1, put the garbage raw materials into the feed bin 102, and the garbage pusher 106 reciprocates and pushes Push the garbage material falling from the feeding bin 102 into the stacking sealing section 108 between the feeding bin 102 and the gasifier 103, so that the stacking sealing section 108 forms a stacking sealed state, and the excess garbage falls into the gasifier. The moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 work to transport the garbage into the transitional slagging section 109, and the residue pusher 110 reciprocates and pushes the material multiple times to remove the garbage on the transitional slagging section 109. Push into the embering furnace 104, the moving hearth 105 of the embering furnace 104 works to transport the garbage until the garbage is piled up to the required thickness: 0.6-0.8m on the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the embering furnace 104, , during baking, the accumulated rubbish can protect the movable hearth 105 and prevent the hearth 105 from burning. Stop feeding material to feed bin 102, the moving hearth 105 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 stops working, then, pass through the ignition combustion-supporting hole 114 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 respectively with gasification with ignition burner The hearth of the furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are connected. Under the action of the ignition burner, the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are started and baked. The hearth of ember furnace 104 reaches the predetermined temperature of 600-700°C; the purpose of the oven is to remove the natural water and crystallization water in the lining, so as to avoid the furnace body from swelling and cracking due to the rapid rise of the furnace temperature and the large amount of water expansion during the start-up. Bubbling or deformation or even the collapse of the furnace wall will affect the strength and service life of the furnace wall of the heating furnace.

Step B, start and adjust the circulating air supply system 2, adjust the process parameters of the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and the circulating air supply system 2 (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, the second Secondary wind temperature, wind pressure and air volume, furnace temperature, negative pressure in the furnace, material layer thickness, etc.), feeding material to the feed bin 102, the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 works to transport garbage, and the garbage is in the gasification furnace 103 Combustion starts in the furnace, and garbage residues are piled up at the transitional slagging section 109 to form a stacking seal, so that the combustion state temperature in the furnace of the gasifier 103 is stabilized above 850°C, and the moving hearth 105 of the ember furnace 104 works to output combustion. Ashes of rubbish residue.

Step C, adjusting the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and each process parameter of the circulating air supply system 2 (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, the secondary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, furnace temperature, negative pressure in the furnace, material layer thickness, etc.), the gasification furnace 103 gradually gasifies the garbage, and the gasification temperature is stabilized between 700-800°C, so that the gasification furnace 103 can stably produce waste containing 10%- For the high-temperature flue gas of 20% syngas, the gasification furnace 103 can be gasified in a stable gasification state at low temperature, medium temperature or high temperature. Stabilize the combustion state temperature of the ember furnace 104 to above 850°C to realize continuous gasification and incineration treatment of waste; at the same time, it is necessary to adjust the various process parameters of the fly ash collection device 3 so that the temperature of the tangential smoke outlet 304 of the fly ash collection device 3 is stabilized to Above 850°C.

Step D, when maintenance or shutdown is required, stop feeding, adjust the process parameters of the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and the circulating air supply system 2, so that the gasifier 103 gradually returns to the combustion state, and wait for the garbage and garbage residue to burn. After burning, the mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the circulating air supply system 2 are closed. It is necessary to adjust various process parameters of the fly ash collection device 3 at the same time, so that the gasifier 103 can gradually return to the combustion state.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A dovetail type fly ash collection device, characterized in that: the top plate of the fly ash collection device is provided with combustion chamber ignition and combustion-supporting holes, and the inner cavity of the fly ash collection device includes combustion channels arranged in sequence from top to bottom , a fly ash settling chamber, a conical slag outlet, and an upper annular flue gas channel, an annular exhaust flue, and a lower annular flue gas channel arranged in turn around the combustion channel from top to bottom. , the upper annular flue gas passage, the annular exhaust flue, the lower annular flue gas passage are separated from the combustion passage by an annular air guide pier, and the upper annular flue gas passage and the lower annular flue gas passage are all connected to the combustion passage In communication, the combustion channel includes a vertical channel, a V-cone channel above the vertical channel and a conical channel below the vertical channel. The V-cone channel has a large top and a small bottom. , the diameter of the fly ash settling chamber is greater than the diameter of the lower end of the conical channel, the ventilation area of the lower annular flue gas channel gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the ventilation area of the upper annular flue gas channel gradually decreases from top to bottom The two ends of the annular exhaust flue communicate with the lower annular flue gas passage and the upper annular flue gas passage respectively, and the side wall of the fly ash collecting device is provided with a tangential smoke outlet and an annular exhaust flue. The middle part of the side wall of the combustion channel is provided with the inlet of the fly ash collection device along the tangential direction, and a number of combustion air supply ports are arranged on the side wall of the combustion channel, and the combustion air supply ports are distributed at the entrance of the fly ash collection device. Above and below, each combustion-supporting air supply port is respectively connected to an air pipe, and each air pipe passes through the annular air-guiding pier to introduce the combustion-supporting air into the combustion channel. 2. A dovetail-type fly ash collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower annular flue gas passage is provided with a number of gas distribution piers along the circumference, which are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. A flue gas ramp with a narrow bottom and a wide top is formed between the wide gas distribution piers; a number of gas distribution piers with a wide top and a narrow bottom are arranged on the lower part of the upper annular flue gas passage along the circumference, adjacent to the gas distribution piers with a wide top and a narrow bottom. A flue gas ramp with a narrow top and a wide bottom is formed between the piers. 3. A dovetail fly ash collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inlet of the fly ash collection device is connected to a high-temperature flue for supplying high-temperature flue gas, and a flue gas is arranged on the high-temperature flue A motion parameter acquisition unit, the inlet of the fly ash collection device is provided with a variable synthetic flue gas inlet, and the flue gas motion parameter acquisition unit includes an induction receiving and signal processing unit, a cooling unit, a heat insulation base and an induction element. The thermal base is fixed on the pipe wall of the high-temperature flue, and the sensing element is fixed on the heat-insulating base along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the high-temperature flue. The measuring end of the sensing element extends into the high-temperature flue. The signal processing unit is fixed on the end of the sensing element outside the high-temperature flue, and the sensing receiving and signal processing unit measures the flue gas flow rate and velocity in the high-temperature flue through the sensing element. On a section between the receiving and signal processing units, the variable synthetic flue gas inlet includes an actuator and a refractory diameter adjustment seat, one end of the refractory diameter adjustment seat extends into the inlet of the fly ash collection device, and the other end is connected to the actuator , also includes a first smoke component detection device and a control unit, the first smoke component detection device is installed on the high-temperature flue for detecting the smoke components in the high-temperature flue, and the control unit is connected with the first The smoke component detection device, the induction receiving and signal processing unit, and the actuator are electrically connected. The control unit processes the smoke motion parameters and the synthetic smoke component parameters, and controls the expansion and contraction of the refractory diameter adjustment seat through the actuator, and then controls the variable Aperture size of synthetic flue gas inlet. 4. A dovetail type fly ash collection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the variable synthetic flue gas inlet also includes a refractory flue, a heat insulation seal, a compressed heat insulation layer, and a high temperature seal. The cross-section of the refractory flue is U-shaped, and the opening of the refractory flue is sealed by pressing the heat insulation layer. The width of the inner end of the refractory flue is greater than the width of the refractory diameter adjustment seat at the outer end of the refractory flue. A high-temperature seal is provided between the refractory diameter adjustment seat and the side wall of the refractory flue, and heat insulation is provided between the refractory diameter adjustment seat and the compression heat insulation layer. seal. 5. A mechanical grate type garbage gasification and incineration system, comprising a gasification incinerator, characterized in that: the gasification incinerator comprises a grate, and feed bins arranged in sequence along the feed direction on the grate, The gasification furnace and the ember furnace, the rear of the gasifier is the slag outlet of the gasifier, the ember furnace is located at the front and bottom of the slag outlet of the gasifier, and the rear of the ember furnace is the slag outlet of the ember furnace. The grate is provided with a garbage pusher, and the garbage pusher is located below the feeding bin, and is used to push the garbage in the feeding bin into the gasifier, and the gasifier moves below the hearth and At least one independent primary air chamber is provided under the moving hearth of the embering furnace, a sealing section for stockpiling is provided between the feed bin and the gasification furnace, and a sealing section between the gasification furnace and the embering furnace A transitional slagging section is left on the furnace frame, and the transitional slagging section is provided with a residue pusher for pushing the garbage residue falling from the gasifier into the ember furnace; The gasification furnace and the ember furnace respectively include a furnace shell and a movable hearth. The front and rear of the gasification furnace are respectively sealed by a stacking sealing section and a transitional slagging section, and the transitional slagging section is isolated from the gasifier. 1. The ember furnace, so that the gasifier and the ember furnace are independent of each other; The gasification furnace and the ember furnace are respectively arched, the front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, and the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with a first flue gas outlet. The vault of the embering furnace is provided with a second flue gas outlet, and the gasification furnace and the embering furnace are respectively provided with ignition and combustion-supporting holes; It also includes the fly ash collection device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the inlet of the fly ash collection device communicates with the first flue gas outlet; It also includes a circulating air supply system. The circulating air supply system includes a dust removal device, a first blower fan, and a second blower fan. It is connected to the inlet end of the first blower through a pipeline, and the outlet end of the first blower is connected to the main pipe of the first manifold. chamber and the secondary air supply ports on the front and rear arches of the gasifier, each branch of the first manifold is respectively provided with a first regulating valve, the air inlet of the second blower is connected to the atmosphere, and the The gas outlet of the second blower is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold, and the branch pipes of the second manifold communicate with the primary air chambers below the moving hearth of the ember furnace and the air inlet and outlet of the dust removal device respectively. Each branch of the second manifold is respectively provided with a second regulating valve, and also includes a third manifold, the main pipe of the third manifold communicates with the air outlet of the second blower fan, and each branch of the third manifold communicates with the air outlet of the second fan respectively. Each combustion-supporting air supply port is connected, and each branch pipe of the third manifold is respectively provided with a third regulating valve. 6. A mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the first manifold also has a branch pipe connected to the inlet of the fly ash collection device, and the branch pipe is provided with Corresponding to the regulating valve, the unused remaining part of the flue gas extracted by the first fan is sprayed into the fly ash collecting device through the inlet of the fly ash collecting device, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the corresponding regulating valve. 7. A mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the branch pipe connecting the first manifold with the inlet of the fly ash collection device is provided with a flue gas detection device, a second Two smoke component detection devices, the smoke volume detection device, the second smoke component detection device and the third regulating valve are respectively electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit processes the data collected by the second smoke component detection device The composition parameters of the synthetic flue gas and the flow parameters of the synthetic flue gas collected by the flue gas volume detection device, and the air supply volume of the combustion-supporting air is controlled through the third regulating valve. 8. A mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the dust removal device is a cyclone separator or a high-temperature dust collector; the first fan is a high-temperature fan, and the second fan is a high-temperature fan. The second fan is a blower. 9. A mechanical grate type garbage gasification incineration system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the transition slag section is provided with an openable and closable isolation door, and the isolation door is used to gasify Furnace, embers furnace partition. 10. A mechanical grate type garbage gasification and incineration system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the front arch of the gasification furnace is a straight structure, or the front arch of the gasification furnace is rear end upward inclined structure.