CN106223551A - A kind of roof water storage greening structure - Google Patents
A kind of roof water storage greening structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106223551A CN106223551A CN201610860073.7A CN201610860073A CN106223551A CN 106223551 A CN106223551 A CN 106223551A CN 201610860073 A CN201610860073 A CN 201610860073A CN 106223551 A CN106223551 A CN 106223551A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 101100366940 Mus musculus Stom gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及屋顶绿化技术领域，尤其涉及一种屋顶蓄水绿化结构。The invention relates to the technical field of roof greening, in particular to a roof water storage greening structure.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国城市人口的增加，城市土地愈加稀缺。在城市建成区地面可绿化用地越来越少、拆迁腾地费用昂贵的背景下采用屋顶绿化是很好的改善城市居住环境方法。而且屋顶绿化在改善城市居住环境的同时，也有提高屋面保温隔热性能、净化空气等作用。此外，随着我国大力推行海绵城市建设，屋顶绿化是一项重要的雨水渗透和调蓄措施。With the increase of my country's urban population, urban land is becoming increasingly scarce. Under the background of less and less land for greening on the ground in urban built-up areas and high cost of demolition and relocation, the use of green roofs is a good way to improve the urban living environment. Moreover, roof greening not only improves the urban living environment, but also improves the thermal insulation performance of the roof and purifies the air. In addition, as my country vigorously promotes the construction of sponge cities, roof greening is an important measure for rainwater infiltration and storage.
但屋顶绿化由于在屋顶面进行植被种植，因此管理维护较地面绿化不方便，其中屋顶绿化的土壤保持水分的作用也相对较弱，需要频繁进行灌溉，对较高区域的屋顶绿化的灌溉，增加了水耗、能耗以及运行维护的人力成本。另一方面当下雨雨量较大时，随着暴雨冲刷，使土壤以及土壤中施加的肥料随着雨水一同流失，降低肥料利用效率的同时，使富营养化物质进入下水管道，污染城市水体。However, the roof greening is more inconvenient to manage and maintain than the ground greening because the vegetation is planted on the roof surface. The soil moisture retention function of the roof greening is also relatively weak, and frequent irrigation is required. The irrigation of the roof greening in the higher area increases. Reduced water consumption, energy consumption, and labor costs for operation and maintenance. On the other hand, when the amount of rainfall is large, the soil and the fertilizer applied in the soil will be lost along with the rainwater as the heavy rain washes away, reducing the efficiency of fertilizer use while allowing eutrophication substances to enter the sewer pipes and pollute urban water bodies.
因此，如何提出一种能够在雨量较大的情况下将雨水收集的屋顶蓄水绿化结构，以解决现有技术中人工灌溉工作量大，且屋顶绿化后期维护成本高，是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to propose a roof water storage and greening structure that can collect rainwater in the case of a large amount of rainfall, to solve the large workload of artificial irrigation in the prior art, and the high maintenance cost of roof greening in the later period, is a need for those skilled in the art. Solved technical problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提出一种屋顶蓄水绿化结构，能够解决现有技术中人工灌溉工作量大，且屋顶绿化后期维护成本高的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a roof water storage and greening structure, which can solve the problems in the prior art that the manual irrigation workload is large and the maintenance cost of the roof greening is high in the later stage.
本发明的目的还在于提出一种屋顶蓄水绿化结构，能够解决现有技术中雨量较大时，土壤以及土壤中施加的肥料被冲走进入下水管道而污染城市水体的问题。The purpose of the present invention is also to propose a roof water storage and greening structure, which can solve the problem in the prior art that when the rainfall is large, the soil and the fertilizer applied in the soil are washed away and enter the sewer pipe to pollute the urban water body.
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：For reaching this purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
提供一种屋顶蓄水绿化结构，包括设置于屋顶上用于种植植被的种植槽以及蓄水槽，所述种植槽与所述蓄水槽底部连通。Provided is a roof water storage and greening structure, comprising a planting tank and a water storage tank arranged on the roof for planting vegetation, and the planting tank communicates with the bottom of the water storage tank.
作为优选，所述蓄水槽高度小于所述种植槽高度。Preferably, the height of the water storage tank is smaller than the height of the planting tank.
作为优选，所述种植槽内由上到下依次设置有植被、种植土层、过滤层、蓄水层、过滤层、排水层、隔离层、耐根穿刺防水层、防水层。Preferably, vegetation, planting soil layer, filter layer, water storage layer, filter layer, drainage layer, isolation layer, root puncture resistant waterproof layer, and waterproof layer are sequentially arranged in the planting tank from top to bottom.
作为优选，所述蓄水槽高度H不高于所述蓄水层高度h。Preferably, the height H of the water storage tank is not higher than the height h of the water storage layer.
作为优选，还包括补水装置，所述补水装置的管路出口位于所述蓄水槽上方。Preferably, a water replenishment device is further included, and the outlet of the pipeline of the water replenishment device is located above the water storage tank.
作为优选，所述蓄水槽顶部设置有盖板。Preferably, the top of the water storage tank is provided with a cover plate.
作为优选，还包括排水槽，所述排水槽由女儿墙与所述蓄水槽的挡水墙构成，所述排水槽底部还设置有排水管路，所述排水管路顶部设置有雨水口。Preferably, it also includes a drainage groove, the drainage groove is composed of a parapet and the water retaining wall of the water storage tank, a drainage pipeline is provided at the bottom of the drainage groove, and a rainwater outlet is provided at the top of the drainage pipeline.
作为优选，所述蓄水层由可蓄水材料构成，所述可蓄水材料上下均设置有过滤层，所述可蓄水材料由卵石、陶粒、沙、砾石中的任一种或几种组成。As a preference, the aquifer is made of water-storage material, and filter layers are arranged above and below the water-storage material, and the water-storage material is any one or more of pebbles, ceramsite, sand, and gravel. kind of composition.
作为优选，所述蓄水层为排水板，且所述排水板的数量不少于一个，所述蓄水层厚度不小于80mm。Preferably, the aquifer is a drainage board, and the number of the drainage board is not less than one, and the thickness of the aquifer is not less than 80 mm.
作为优选，所述蓄水层厚度为80mm～300mm；所述排水层的厚度为5mm～50mm。Preferably, the thickness of the water storage layer is 80mm-300mm; the thickness of the drainage layer is 5mm-50mm.
本发明有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明设置蓄水槽的目的是将雨水收集以节约灌溉用水和减轻人工维护工作。The purpose of setting the water storage tank in the present invention is to collect rainwater to save irrigation water and reduce manual maintenance work.
本发明中设置种植槽的目的是为了防止在雨量较大或者浇水过多时，种植槽各层的组分随水流动导致种植槽内的岩土松散被冲毁，同时由于种植槽底部与蓄水槽连通且蓄水槽内的最高水位低于种植槽内的蓄水层，因此该构造既能够有效蓄水又能够防止种植槽中的水过多而导致植被根系被泡烂的问题。在干旱时期，蓄水槽内储存的雨水能够被植物根系所吸收利用。The purpose of setting up the planting trough in the present invention is to prevent the rock and soil in the planting trough from being loose and washed away when the components of each layer of the planting trough flow with the water when the rainfall is large or the water is too much. The water tank is connected and the highest water level in the water storage tank is lower than the aquifer in the planting tank, so this structure can not only effectively store water but also prevent the root system of the plant from being soaked due to excessive water in the planting tank. During dry periods, the rainwater stored in the tank can be absorbed and utilized by plant roots.
同时屋面蓄水槽也可以避免屋面种植槽中所施加的肥料随着降雨迅速流失，可随着水分停留在蓄水槽内一同被植物缓慢吸收。At the same time, the roof water storage tank can also prevent the fertilizer applied in the roof planting tank from losing rapidly with the rainfall, and can be slowly absorbed by the plants as the water stays in the water storage tank.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的屋顶蓄水绿化结构的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a roof water storage and greening structure provided by the present invention.
图中：In the picture:
1、种植植被；2、蓄水槽；3、种植槽；4、种植土层；5、蓄水层；6、过滤层；7、排水层；8、隔离层；9、耐根穿刺防水层；10、防水层；11、补水装置；12、排水槽；13、女儿墙；14、挡水墙；15、排水管路；16、雨水口；17、挡土墙；18、过水孔；19、屋面基本构造层；20、屋面结构基层。1. Vegetation planting; 2. Water storage tank; 3. Planting tank; 4. Planting soil layer; 5. Water storage layer; 6. Filter layer; 7. Drainage layer; 8. Isolation layer; 9. Root puncture-resistant waterproof layer; 10. Waterproof layer; 11. Water supply device; 12. Drainage tank; 13. Parapet wall; 14. Retaining wall; 15. Drainage pipeline; 16. Rainwater outlet; 17. Retaining wall; 18. Water hole; 19 1. The basic structure layer of the roof; 20. The base layer of the roof structure.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.
如图1所示，本实施例中提供了一种屋顶蓄水绿化结构，其包括设置于屋顶上用于种植植被1的种植槽3以及收集雨水的蓄水槽2，所述种植槽3与所述蓄水槽2底部连通。其中种植槽3由挡土墙17围成，蓄水槽2则由挡水墙14、挡土墙17围成，本实施例中种植槽3与蓄水槽2之间通过过水孔18连通，即挡土墙17底部设置有至少一个过水孔18使蓄水槽2与种植槽3连通。As shown in Figure 1, a kind of roof water storage greening structure is provided in the present embodiment, it comprises the planting tank 3 that is arranged on the roof and is used for planting vegetation 1 and the water storage tank 2 that collects rainwater, and described planting tank 3 and all The bottom of the water storage tank 2 is connected. Wherein the planting tank 3 is surrounded by a retaining wall 17, and the water storage tank 2 is surrounded by a water retaining wall 14 and an earth retaining wall 17. In the present embodiment, the planting tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 are connected by a water hole 18, namely The bottom of the retaining wall 17 is provided with at least one water hole 18 to communicate the water storage tank 2 with the planting tank 3 .
过水孔18将种植槽3与蓄水槽2连通，且蓄水槽内的最高水位低于种植槽内的蓄水层5的高度，能够防止种植槽3内水过多导致的植被烂根或种植系统内水少引起的干旱。The water hole 18 communicates the planting tank 3 with the water storage tank 2, and the highest water level in the water storage tank is lower than the height of the aquifer 5 in the planting tank, which can prevent the vegetation from rotten or rotten due to too much water in the planting tank 3. Drought caused by lack of water in a cropping system.
本实施例中还包括补水装置11，其中补水装置11与自来水管连接，设置补水装置11的目的是为了对蓄水槽2补水，当当地天气处于干旱时，可以通过补水装置11对蓄水槽2内补水，进一步省去了人工灌溉的步骤。本实施例中蓄水槽2内设置有干旱液位，干旱液位处设置有检测液位的液位传感器，液位传感器与控制器相连，而控制器控制补水装置中的补水阀开闭。当液位传感器检测到蓄水槽2内液位低于干旱液位时，控制器会控制补水阀开启为蓄水槽2补水。In this embodiment, also include a replenishment device 11, wherein the replenishment device 11 is connected with the water pipe, and the purpose of setting the replenishment device 11 is to replenish water to the water storage tank 2. Replenishing water further saves the step of artificial irrigation. In this embodiment, the water storage tank 2 is provided with a dry liquid level, and a liquid level sensor for detecting the liquid level is arranged at the dry liquid level. When the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level in the water storage tank 2 is lower than the drought liquid level, the controller will control the replenishment valve to open to replenish water for the water storage tank 2 .
此外，该屋顶蓄水绿化结构包括排水槽12，排水槽12由女儿墙13与蓄水槽的挡水墙14构成，蓄水槽2的最高水位高度(即蓄水槽高度)小于种植槽3内蓄水层5的高度，即挡水墙14高度小于种植槽3内蓄水层5的高度，而挡水墙14高度又小于女儿墙13高度，这样能够保证多余的水从挡水墙14的顶部漫过进入排水槽12内，同时防止植物根系浸泡在蓄水层5内。当蓄水槽2内的水位高度超出挡水墙18的顶部高度时，蓄水槽2内的水越过挡水墙18的顶部流入到排水槽12内，需要说明的是排水槽12的主要作用是将过量的雨水进行排出。In addition, the roof water storage and greening structure includes a drainage channel 12, and the drainage channel 12 is composed of a parapet wall 13 and a water retaining wall 14 of the water storage tank. The height of the layer 5, that is, the height of the retaining wall 14 is less than the height of the aquifer 5 in the planting groove 3, and the height of the retaining wall 14 is less than the height of the parapet wall 13, so that excess water can be guaranteed to diffuse from the top of the retaining wall 14. Through entering in the drainage tank 12, prevent plant root system from soaking in the aquifer 5 simultaneously. When the water level in the water storage tank 2 exceeded the height of the top of the water retaining wall 18, the water in the water storage tank 2 crossed the top of the water retaining wall 18 and flowed into the drainage tank 12. It should be noted that the main function of the drainage tank 12 is to Excess rainwater is drained.
为了能够使排水槽12内的水被及时排出，排水槽12底部设置有排水管路15。种植槽3内的多余的水流入蓄水槽2内后，由于蓄水槽2高度有限，多余的水又会流到排水槽12内，为了减轻屋面压力，位于排水槽12内的水需要被及时排出，为此排水槽12底部设置有排水管路15，多余的水从排水管路15流出进入下水管道。为了防止排水管路15口被落叶或其他杂质污垢堵塞，所述排水管路15顶部设置有雨水口16。In order to discharge the water in the drainage tank 12 in time, a drainage pipeline 15 is provided at the bottom of the drainage tank 12 . After the excess water in the planting tank 3 flows into the water storage tank 2, due to the limited height of the water storage tank 2, the excess water will flow into the drainage tank 12. In order to reduce the pressure on the roof, the water in the drainage tank 12 needs to be discharged in time For this reason, the bottom of the drainage tank 12 is provided with a drainage pipeline 15, and excess water flows out from the drainage pipeline 15 and enters the sewer pipe. In order to prevent the outlet of the drainage pipeline 15 from being blocked by fallen leaves or other impurities and dirt, the top of the drainage pipeline 15 is provided with a rainwater outlet 16 .
进一步的，蓄水槽2顶部设置有盖板。设置盖板的目的是防止蓄水槽2内水在高温环境下蒸发量过大，同时还能防止落叶等杂物落入蓄水槽2内，影响蓄水槽2内水质。Further, the top of the water storage tank 2 is provided with a cover plate. The purpose of setting the cover plate is to prevent the water in the water storage tank 2 from evaporating too much in a high temperature environment, and at the same time prevent debris such as fallen leaves from falling into the water storage tank 2 and affecting the water quality in the water storage tank 2 .
排水槽12、蓄水槽2、种植槽3位于屋面基本构造层19上，而屋面基本构造层19位于屋面结构基层20上，屋面基本构造层13包括保温层、找平层、整浇层。Drainage tank 12, water storage tank 2, and planting tank 3 are located on the basic structure layer 19 of the roof, while the basic structure layer 19 is located on the base layer 20 of the roof structure.
种植槽3内包括由上到下依次设置的种植植被1、种植土层4、过滤层6、蓄水层5、过滤层6、排水层7、隔离层8、耐根穿刺防水层9、防水层10。其中，蓄水槽2高度H低于蓄水层5的高度h且不小于20mm,挡水墙14的顶部到蓄水槽2底部的距离即为蓄水槽可以达到的最高液位。Planting tank 3 includes planting vegetation 1, planting soil layer 4, filter layer 6, water storage layer 5, filter layer 6, drainage layer 7, isolation layer 8, root puncture resistant waterproof layer 9, waterproof Layer 10. Wherein, the height H of the water storage tank 2 is lower than the height h of the water storage layer 5 and not less than 20mm, and the distance from the top of the water retaining wall 14 to the bottom of the water storage tank 2 is the maximum liquid level that the water storage tank can reach.
蓄水层5由可蓄水材料构成，可蓄水材料上下均设置有过滤层6与土壤进行隔离，可蓄水材料由卵石、陶粒、沙、砾石中的任一种或几种组成。过滤层6也可由除无纺布或者无纺布以外的其它材料构成，比如土工布。由于蓄水层5的厚度需要考虑荷载和蓄水，当蓄水层5太厚时屋面荷载过大，太薄所达到的蓄水量有限，作为优选，本实施例中蓄水层7厚度为80mm～300mm。当然其他实施例中蓄水层5还可以为排水板，其中排水板数量不少于一个，当排水板为多个时，排水板依次叠放设置。The aquifer 5 is composed of water-storage materials, and the upper and lower sides of the water-storage materials are provided with filter layers 6 to isolate from the soil. The water-storage materials are composed of any one or more of pebbles, ceramsite, sand, and gravel. The filter layer 6 can also consist of non-woven fabrics or other materials other than non-woven fabrics, such as geotextiles. Because the thickness of the water storage layer 5 needs to consider load and water storage, when the water storage layer 5 is too thick, the roof load is too large, and the water storage capacity that is too thin is limited. As a preference, the thickness of the water storage layer 7 in the present embodiment is 80mm ~ 300mm. Of course, in other embodiments, the water storage layer 5 can also be a drainage board, wherein the number of the drainage boards is not less than one, and when there are multiple drainage boards, the drainage boards are stacked one after another.
其中，上述排水层7采用的材料有排(蓄)水板或排(蓄)水卷材，且排水层的厚度为10mm～50mm。Wherein, the above-mentioned drainage layer 7 is made of a water drainage (storage) board or a water drainage (storage) coiled material, and the thickness of the drainage layer is 10 mm to 50 mm.
本实施例提供的屋顶蓄水绿化结构，在强降雨时，通过屋顶绿化渗透的雨水可以在蓄水槽2中储存。并且在干旱时期，通过蓄水层5中铺设材料空隙的毛细作用，使储存的雨水被植物根系所吸收。The roof water storage and greening structure provided in this embodiment can store the rainwater infiltrated through the roof greening in the water storage tank 2 during heavy rainfall. And in the drought period, the stored rainwater is absorbed by the root system of the plants through the capillary action of the paved material gaps in the aquifer 5 .
注意，以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施方式的限制，上述实施方式和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内，本发明的要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。Note that the basic principles and main features of the present invention and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and what is described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention, are defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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