CN1061972C - 2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents
2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical group [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 101150058502 Acaca gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- NENDHUHGFRLXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].CC(O)=O NENDHUHGFRLXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- URLVCROWVOSNPT-QTTMQESMSA-N desacetyluvaricin Natural products O=C1C(CCCCCCCCCCCC[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H]3O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)CCCCCCCCCC)CC3)CC2)=C[C@H](C)O1 URLVCROWVOSNPT-QTTMQESMSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生的制备方法,其中烃基可以是饱和或不饱和、直链或支链的烃基或环烷基、环烯基,具有取代基的环烷基或环烯基,芳基可以是苄基、苯基、萘基或取代的芳基,在二价铜或铑络合物催化剂存在下,羟基化合物与三氟甲基取代的重氮化合物反应制得。该化合物能用于除草剂,铁电液晶手性渗杂剂或含氟有机化合物的中间体。
Description
本发明涉及一种2-三氯甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物,具体地说是提供了一种2-三氟甲基取代的烷氧基或芳氧基的乙酸衍生物、它们的制备方法和应用,
2-甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物是一种具有重要应用价值的化合物,可用于除草剂(Naber,J.O.,Van Rensen,J.J.S.instereroselectivity of Pesticids Biological and chemicalProblems;Ariens,E.J.;Van Rsnsen,J.J.S.;Welling,W.,ED.;Elsevier:Amsterdam,1988;PP39-108)和铁电液晶的手性掺杂剂(Geelhaar,T.等,Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst;1989,5,1269;Tschierosks,C.等,Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst.,1990,191,231;Kobayshi,S等.Mol.Cryst.Liq cryst;1991,202,103;stegemeyer,H等.Liq Cryst;1991,10,295.),根据这类化舍物分子中将甲基取代为三氟甲基可以赋于化舍物有趣的生理活性和物理性质(McClinton,M.A.;McClinton,D.A.Tetrahedron;1992,48,6555;Sartoh,G.;Liq.Cryst.;1993,14,1753.),可望获得一种更为有效的除草剂、铁电液晶的手性掺杂剂或其它具有潜在应用价值的功能分子。目前,合成2-甲基取代的烷氧基或芳香基乙酸衍生物的主要方法是利用烷氧基或芳氧基负离子对2-卤代丙酸衍生物的SN2亲核取代反应,但用这一方法制备相应的三氟甲基取代化舍物则是十分困难的(Hine,J.;Giradell,R.G.J.Org.Chem.;1958,23,1550;Nakai,T.;Tanaka,K;Ishikawa,N.J.Fluorine Chem.;1977,9,89),这是因为三氧甲基的存在下不利于SN2的反应的进行。所以,迄今为止,这类化合物报导甚少,还未存在舍成这类化合物的一般简易的方法。
基于卡宾类活性中间体可与O-H发生插入反应(D.J.Moody 等Tetrahedron 1994,50,3195),本发明成功地将这一反应移植于带三氟甲基取代的卡宾体与各类羟基化合物的反应,从而合成了2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物。
本发明的目的是提供一类2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物。即2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸乙酯,具有如下分子式ROCH(CF3)CO2Et,其中R=C1-12的烃基,所述的烃基是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的烃基或环烷基、环烯基、具有取代基的环烷基或环烯基、芳基或取代的芳基。所述的芳基可以是苯基、苄基、萘基等。
本发明的化合物中R可以是C1-12的上述烃基。如2-甲氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-乙氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-丙氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-丙烯氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-(2-环己烯-氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-辛氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-薄荷基]氧-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-葵氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-苄氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-苯氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-(2-萘氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯,2-(2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯等。
本发明目的还提供一种制备上述2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物的方法,我们曾首次报导了3,3,3-三氟-2-重氮基丙酸乙酯化合物和它们通过过渡金属催化合成有机氟化合物,(施国强等,J.Fluorine Chem.;1989,46,173;J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.;1989,607;J.Org.Chem.;1990,55,3383;Tetrahedron;1991,47,1629),本发明采用该化合物在催化剂存在下分解成卡宾体与羟基化舍物的插入反应合成2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物,反应式如下所示:
本发明的方法中所采用的羟基化舍物可以是伯醇、仲醇、叔醇。含有不饱和官能团的醇、酚类化合物,进一步描述R可以是如上所述的C1-12的烷基或芳基。如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、辛基、葵基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、1R,2S,5R-(-)-薄荷基、苯基、苄基、萘基、2-甲基-4-氨苯基等。
本发明的方法中醇与3,3,3-三氟-2-重氮基丙酸乙酯的摩尔比可以是1-50∶1,推荐的摩尔比为2-4∶1。
本发明的方法中,采用的过渡金属催化剂可以是二价铜或铑的络舍物,如醋酸铑,三氟醋酸铑、三氟乙酰胺基铑,乙酰乙酸铜、硫酸铜等。
催化剂和羟基化合物的摩尔比为0.001-0.05∶1,通常0.001-0.02∶1已能使反应完全。
本发明的方法中采用的溶剂一般为非质子类溶剂,如苯、甲苯,二氯甲烷、乙醚等。也可以用相应的羟基化舍物本身作溶剂。
本发明的方法中反应温度一般是0-100℃,最佳反应温度为20-80℃,反应时间为0.5-1 0小时,推荐0.5-5小时。
本发明的另一目的还提供了2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物的用途,这类化合物不仅是一种重要的合成带氟原子的生物有机化舍物的中间体,而且本身也是重要的生物活性物质,如2-三氟甲基苯氧基或萘氧基醋酸酯是一种有兴趣的生理活性物质,由于2-三氟甲基的引入,2-(2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯可望成为比相应的含甲基取代的化合物更为有效的除草剂。2-(丙烯氧基)-3,3,3,-三氟丙酸乙酯经2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶锂可得到化合物4,4再经克莱逊重排反应得β,β-双氟酮酯5,产率63%。化合物3b用氢化鋰铝还原可得醇6,经过相似转化可获2,2-二氟-2’-羟基酮8,5和8可以分别作为合成带有双氟亚甲基结构单元的具有生理活性的化合物。
总之,本发明的化合物是一种具有潜在生理活性和物理性能的化舍物,也是一种合成生物活性物质的重要中间体,合成方法简便,原料易得。
通过下述实施例将有助于理解本发明,但并不限制本发明内容。
实施例中1HNMR谱用Varian JROL FX-90或Bruker AM-300核磁仪测定,Me4Si作内标。19FNMR谱用Varian EM-360L核磁仪,用三氟醋酸作外标,低磁场位移是负值。采用Finnigan 402I GC/MS/DC质谱仪。元素分析采用Perkin-Elmer Elemental analyser 2450 CHN仅,所有反应采用TLC和19FNMR跟踪
实施例1
将3,3,3-三氟-2-重氯基-丙酸乙酯,乙醇和催化剂在适当的溶剂中混合,在一定温度下反应至重氮化舍物消失(用19FNMR跟踪所得反应混合物蒸去溶剂后蒸馏提纯,得2-乙氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯(见表1)
1HNMR(CDCl3):δ4.33(m,2H).4.25(q,J=6.7Hz,1H)
3.74(m,2H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.30(t,
J=7.1Hz,3H)
19FNMR(CDCl3):δ-4.0(d,J=6.7Hz};
MS(EI,m/z):201(M++1,100),173(13),59(31),43(15)
元素分析C7H11F3O3计算值:C,42.01;H,5.54
实测值:C,41.90;H,5.68。
表1
催化剂 | 温度/时间 | 溶剂 | 催化剂∶重氮化合物2∶乙醇 | 产率 |
Cu(acaca) | 110℃/5h | 甲苯 | 0.01∶1∶2 | 32% |
Cu(acaca) | 110℃/5h | 甲苯 | 0.01∶1∶10 | 50% |
[Rh(OAc)2]2 | 25℃/1n | CH2Cl2 | 0.002∶1∶2 | 72% |
[Rh(OAc)2]2 | 25℃/1h | 苯 | 0.002∶1∶2 | 75% |
[Rh(OCCF3)2]2 | 25℃/0.5h | CH2Cl2 | 0.002∶1∶2 | 81% |
O[Rh(NHCF3)2]2 | 25℃/0.5h | CH2Cl2 | 0.002∶1∶2 | 85% |
实施例2
将3,3,3-三氟-2重氮基丙酸乙酯(20mmol)的苯或二氯甲烷(10ml)溶液在一定温度下滴加到含有羟基化舍物(40mmol),醋酸铑(0.2mmol)和二氯甲烷或苯的混合液中,1小时内加毕后将反应混合液再在同样温度下搅拌30分钟。然后将低沸点物在减压下除去所得残留物在硅胶上柱层析,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯作为淋洗剂,所得结果见表2。
3.74(m,2H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.30(t,
J=7.1Hz,3H)19FNNR(CDCl3);δ-4.0(d,J=6.7Hz);MS(EI,m/z):201(M++1,100),173(13),59(31),43(15)元素分析C7H11F3O3计算值:C,42.01;H,5.54
实测值:C,41.90;H,5.68。2-(丙烯氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNMR(CDCl3):δ5.89(m,1H),5.02(m,2H),4.41(q,J=
6.5Hz,1H)4.36(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.24(d,
J=7.2Hz,2H),1.34(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)19FNMR(CDCl3):δ-3.6 (d,J=6.5Hz);MS(EI,m/z ):213(M++1,100),183(16),166(45),59(25)元素分析C8H11F3O3计算值:C,45.29;H,5.23
实测值:C,45.60;H,5.28。2-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNNR(CDCl3):δ5.33(m,1H),4.40(q,J=6.5Hz,1H),
4.35(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.30(dd,J=7.4Hz,
12.1Hz,1H),4.22(dd,J=7.4Hz,12.1Hz,1H),
1.73(s,3H),1.82(s,3H),1.33(t,J=7.1Hz,
3H)19FNMR(CDCl3):δ-3.5(d,J=6.5Hz);MS(EI,m/z):241(M++1,52),212(12),195(100),168(31)
69(42)元素分析C10H15F3O3计算值:C,50.00;H,6.29
实测值:C,49.98;H,6.01。2-苄氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNMR(CDCl3):δ7.31(s,5H),4.78(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),
4.57 (d,J=1 2.0Hz,1H),4.41(q,J=6.8Hz,
1H),4.32(m,2H),130(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),19FNMR(CDCl3):δ-3.9(d,J=6.8Hz);MS(EI,m/z):263(M+,14),233(12),217(18),91(100)元素分析C12H13F3O3计算值:C,54.96;H,5.00
实测值:C,55.17;H,5.21。2-(2-环己烯氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNMR(CDCl3):δ5.71-5.90(m,2H),4.40(q,J=6.7Hz,
1H),
4.33(m,2H),4.25(m,1H),1.92-213(m,2H)
2H),1.55-1.75(m,4H),130(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),19FNMR(CDCl3):δ-3.4(d,J=6.7Hz),-3.3(d,J=6.7Hz)MS(EI,m/z):252(M+,23),223(19),206(45),81(100)元素分析C11H15F3O3计算值:C,52.38;H,5.99
实测值:C,52.52;H,6.07。2-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-薄荷基丁氧-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNMR(CDCl3):δ4.40(q,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.30(q,J=7.1Hz,
2H),3.35(dt,J=4.0Hz,8.0Hz,0.2×1H),
3.29(dt,J=4.2Hz,8.7Hz,0.8×1H),2.35(m,
1H),2.05(m,0.8×1H),1.90(m,0.2×1H),
1.67(m,1H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.93(d,
J=6.6Hz,3H,0.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.82
-1.05(m,6H),0.72(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)19FNMR(CDCl3):δ-3.5(d,J=8.7Hz)MS(EI,m/z):310(M+,5),225(26),197(19),155(31)
123(50),95(84),81(100)元素分析C15H25F3O3计算值:C,58.05;H,8.12
实测值:C,58.31;H,8.46。2-苯氧基-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNMR(CCl4):δ6.82-7.40(m,5H),4.89(q,J=6.4Hz,1H),
4.30(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.29(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)19FNMR(CCl4):δ-4.3(d,J=6.4Hz);MS(EI,m/z ):248(M+,41),175(32),77(100)元素分析C11H11F3O3计算值:C.53.23;H4.47
实测值:C,52.85;H,4.36。2-(2-萃氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNMR(CDCl3):δ7.4-7.32(m,3H),6.90-7.40(m,4H),
4.92(q,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.20(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),
1.20(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),19FNMR(CCl4):δ-4.0(d,J=6.2Hz);MS(EI,m/z):298(M+,100),225(12),124(47),115(39)元素分析C15H13F3O3计算值:C,60.41;H,4.39
实测值:C,60.61;H,4.24。2-(2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基)-3,3,3-三氟丙酸乙酯1HNMR(CDCl3):δ7.19(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),7.10(dd,J=8.7Hz,
1H),6.65(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.92(q,J=6.4
Hz,1H),
4.32(m,2H),2.29(s,3H),1.30(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)19FNMR(CDCl3):δ-4.0(d,J=6.4Hz);MS(EI,m/z):296(M+,65),223(38),141(100),125(73)元素分析C12H12F3O3计算值:C,48.58;H,4.08
实测值:C,48.57;H,3.85。
Claims (4)
1.一种2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸衍生物的制备方法,该化合物是具有分子式为ROCH(CF3)CO2Et的2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸乙酯,其中R=C1-12的烃基,所述的烃基是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的烃基或环烷基、环烯基、具有取代基的环烷基或环烯基、芳基或取代的芳基,其特征是在非质子溶剂和二价铜或铑络合物催化剂存在下,ROH与3,3,3-三氟-2-重氮基丙酸乙酯反应,ROH与3,3,3-三氟-2-重氮基丙酸乙酯的摩尔比为10∶1-10,催化剂与ROH的摩尔比为0.001-0.05∶1,反应温度为0-100℃,反应时间为0.5-10小时。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸乙酯的制备方法,其特征是反应温度20-80℃,反应时间0.5-5小时。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸乙酯的制备方法,其特征是所述的非质子类溶剂是苯、甲苯、二氯甲烷或乙醚。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的2-三氟甲基取代的烃氧基乙酸乙酯的制备方法,其特征是所述的铑络合物催化剂是醋酸铑。
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