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CN106196637B - 一种太阳能融雪车 - Google Patents

一种太阳能融雪车 Download PDF

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CN106196637B
CN106196637B CN201610566268.0A CN201610566268A CN106196637B CN 106196637 B CN106196637 B CN 106196637B CN 201610566268 A CN201610566268 A CN 201610566268A CN 106196637 B CN106196637 B CN 106196637B
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heat
layer
snow
snow melt
melt tank
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CN106196637A (zh
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李海军
李继民
葛凌文
朱宁
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Shanghai Baosteel Construction Engineering Technology Co ltd
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BAOSTEEL BUILDING SYSTEM INTEGRATION Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/16—Arrangements for water drainage 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

一种太阳能融雪车，包括，车体，长边侧面及顶面均采用双层超白玻璃；热管式真空集热管，布置在车体长边两侧面；融雪水槽间，设于车体内一端，其侧壁和顶壁为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层，外层为气凝胶保温层；房间下方设融雪水槽，融雪水槽侧壁和底壁为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层，外层为气凝胶保温层；融雪水槽下部设雪水分离装置，底部设排水管及阀门；所述融雪水槽间内上部设带有翅片的换热盘管，换热盘管出口端通过管道及循环水泵连接热管式真空集热管的进口，热管式真空集热管的出口连接换热盘管的进口端；薄膜光伏组件，设于车体顶面上；循环水泵、蓄热相变电加热层电连接薄膜光伏组件。

Description

一种太阳能融雪车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能融雪车。
背景技术
南极内陆气候严寒，融雪是科考队员的唯一水源，为节能及保护环境，队员们在往返昆仑站路途及科考站度夏期间只能维持最基本的生活饮用水，为改善队员的生活质量，充分利用可再生能源化雪，并将使用后废水收集在车内废水箱内，运回到中水站处理，兼顾队员的使用要求与南极环境保护。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于设计一种太阳能融雪车，零能耗，太阳能融雪，充分利用太阳能资源，光热与光电相结合，架在可移动雪橇上，可为南极内陆科考站及内陆车队提供生活用水，体现节能与以人为本的理念。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种太阳能融雪车，其包括，车体，长边侧面及顶面均采用双层超白玻璃；热管式真空集热管，布置在所述车体长边的两侧面；融雪水槽间，设置于所述车体内一端，融雪水槽间的侧壁和顶壁为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层，外层为气凝胶保温层；房间下方设置一个融雪水槽，融雪水槽的侧壁和底壁为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层，外层为气凝胶保温层；融雪水槽下部设雪水分离装置，底部设排水管及阀门；所述融雪水槽间内上部设带有翅片的换热盘管，换热盘管上下设置的进出口端伸出融雪水槽间，其出口端通过管道及循环水泵连接所述热管式真空集热管的进口，热管式真空集热管的出口连接换热盘管的进口端；薄膜光伏组件，设置于所述车体顶面上；所述循环水泵、蓄热相变电加热层电连接该薄膜光伏组件。
优选的，所述车体双层玻璃为双层超白玻璃。
进一步，所述融雪水槽底部的排水管及阀门设电加热保温结构，电加热保温结构电性连接所述薄膜光伏组件。
又，所述融雪水槽间侧壁和顶面的相变蓄热电加热层内包括若干相变蓄热材料封装管、可控温导热电缆；相变蓄热材料封装管平行间隔设置，封装管内封装相变材料；可控温导热电缆围绕所述相变蓄热材料封装管设置。
优选的，所述相变材料包括有机石蜡类或无机结晶醋酸钠。
优选的，所述相变蓄热材料封装管的材质为聚丙烯塑料或不锈钢。
另外，所述车体内相对设置融雪水槽间的另一端后部配备若干不锈钢污水收集箱。
本发明充分利用太阳能资源，光热互补，日照充足时光伏产生的直流电可用于直流循环水泵及保温雪槽底部集水区的加热，保证融化后的雪水不结冰，定时排至保温水桶内，供队员们使用。
本发明车体长边侧面及顶面均采用双层超白玻璃，融雪的热管集热器垂直布置在长边的两面，玻璃顶面设置薄膜光伏组件，分别驱动直流循环水泵、融雪水槽出水管电加热；融雪水槽间侧壁及顶壁采用蓄热相变电加热层(利用车顶的薄膜光伏组件发电)和气凝胶保温层复合结构。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明融雪通过耐高寒介质热管式真空集热管，将热量二次导出后由带翅片的换热盘管实现。直流循环泵光伏驱动，循环流量与光照强度正相关。融雪水槽设置雪水分离装置。融雪水槽间及融雪水槽侧壁采用相变蓄热电加热与气凝胶保温层复合，保证雪水槽下部集水区温度长时间保持在冰点以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的内部结构示意图。
图2为图1的A-A剖面图。
图3为图1的B-B剖面图。
图4为图1的C-C剖面图。
图5为图1的D-D剖面图。
图6为本发明实施例的俯视图。
图7为本发明实施例的工作原理图。
具体实施方式
参见图1～图7，本发明的一种太阳能融雪车，其包括，
车体1，长边侧面及顶面均采用双层超白玻璃11；
热管式真空集热管2，布置在所述车体1长边的两侧面；
融雪水槽间3，设置于所述车体1内一端，融雪水槽间3的侧壁31和顶壁32为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层，外层为气凝胶保温层；房间下方设置一个融雪水槽33，融雪水槽33的侧壁和底壁为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层331，外层332为气凝胶保温层；融雪水槽33下部设雪水分离装置6，底部设排水管7及阀门；所述融雪水槽3间内上部设带有翅片的换热盘管4，换热盘管4上下设置的进出口端伸出融雪水槽间3，其出口端通过管道、膨胀罐10及循环水泵5连接所述热管式真空集热管2的进口，热管式真空集热管2的出口连接换热盘管4的进口端；
薄膜光伏组件8，设置于所述车体1顶面上；所述循环水泵5、蓄热相变电加热层电连接该薄膜光伏组件8。
优选的，所述车体1双层玻璃为双层超白玻璃。
进一步，所述融雪水槽3底部的排水管7及阀门设电加热保温结构，电加热保温结构电性连接所述薄膜光伏组件。
又，所述融雪水槽间3侧壁和顶面的相变蓄热电加热层内包括若干相变蓄热材料封装管、可控温导热电缆；相变蓄热材料封装管平行间隔设置，封装管内封装相变材料；可控温导热电缆围绕所述相变蓄热材料封装管设置。
优选的，所述相变材料包括有机石蜡类或无机结晶醋酸钠。
优选的，所述相变蓄热材料封装管的材质为聚丙烯塑料或不锈钢。
另外，所述车体1内相对设置融雪水槽间3的另一端后部配备若干不锈钢污水收集箱9。
本发明采用耐高寒介质热管式真空集热管作为集热体，将热量二次导出采用循环泵驱动密闭管道内的传热介质反复循环，通过保温雪槽内盘管换热散热结构加热雪槽内的雪得到雪水(热媒采用防冻液)。系统部件间采用刚性或金属波纹管焊接的连接方式，避免使用橡胶密封件。这样可以提高系统运行的稳定性，还可以减少活动部件间封闭不严造成热量损失。
循环泵由顶部的光伏组件直流驱动加热循环，并与光照强弱匹配。
在融雪车前部设双层复合融雪水槽，融雪水槽采用人工方式上雪。槽内置带有翅片的换热盘管，便于与热量传输管道对接。槽内设雪水分离装置，底部储水区10％坡向放水管。
实施例仅是用来说明本发明，而并非用作对本发明的限定，只要在本发明的实质精神范围内，对上述实施例的变化、变型等都将落在本发明要求的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种太阳能融雪车，其特征在于，包括，
车体，长边侧面及顶面均采用双层超白玻璃；
热管式真空集热管，布置在所述车体长边的两侧面；
融雪水槽间，设置于所述车体内一端，融雪水槽间的侧壁和顶壁为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层，外层为气凝胶保温层；房间下方设置一个融雪水槽，融雪水槽的侧壁和底壁为双层复合结构，内层为相变蓄热电加热层，外层为气凝胶保温层；融雪水槽下部设雪水分离装置，底部设排水管及阀门；所述融雪水槽间内上部设带有翅片的换热盘管，换热盘管上下设置的进出口端伸出融雪水槽间，其出口端通过管道及循环水泵连接所述热管式真空集热管的进口，热管式真空集热管的出口连接换热盘管的进口端；
薄膜光伏组件，设置于所述车体顶面上；所述循环水泵、蓄热相变电加热层电连接该薄膜光伏组件。
2.如权利要求1所述的太阳能融雪车，其特征在于，所述融雪水槽底部的排水管及阀门设电加热保温结构，电加热保温结构电性连接所述薄膜光伏组件。
3.如权利要求1所述的太阳能融雪车，其特征在于，所述融雪水槽间侧壁和顶面的相变蓄热电加热层内包括若干相变蓄热材料封装管、可控温导热电缆；相变蓄热材料封装管平行间隔设置，封装管内封装相变材料；可控温导热电缆围绕所述相变蓄热材料封装管设置。
4.如权利要求3所述的太阳能融雪车，其特征在于，所述相变材料包括有机石蜡类或无机结晶醋酸钠。
5.如权利要求3所述的太阳能融雪车，其特征在于，所述相变蓄热材料封装管的材质为聚丙烯塑料或不锈钢。
6.如权利要求1所述的太阳能融雪车，其特征在于，所述车体内相对设置融雪水槽间的另一端后部配备若干不锈钢污水收集箱。
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US10505240B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2019-12-10 Sunlight Aerospace Inc. Methods and apparatus for thermal energy management in electric vehicles
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