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CN106192445B - 耐磨皮带的制备方法 - Google Patents

耐磨皮带的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106192445B
CN106192445B CN201610513628.0A CN201610513628A CN106192445B CN 106192445 B CN106192445 B CN 106192445B CN 201610513628 A CN201610513628 A CN 201610513628A CN 106192445 B CN106192445 B CN 106192445B
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minutes
mass ratio
wear resistant
resistant belt
preparation
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CN106192445A (zh
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陈建军
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Dongguan East China New Material Belt Technology Co ltd
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Dongguan East China New Material Belt Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610513628.0A priority Critical patent/CN106192445B/zh
Priority to CN201711164222.7A priority patent/CN108103799A/zh
Priority to CN201711164221.2A priority patent/CN108103794A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐磨皮带的制备方法，在主体材料表面涂覆带有改性粒子的涂覆层，经过两次浸渍、预热处理后，再进行真空热处理，不仅提高了涂覆层与主体材料的粘接力而且使得涂覆层固化程度高，在改性粒子的作用下，涂覆层具有良好的耐磨性；而且制备方便，通过熔纺、烘干设备，即可容易制备；利于工业化应用。本发明公开的耐磨皮带干摩擦1000次的质量损失率小于0.05％，湿磨2000次的质量损失率小于0.06％；弯曲强度超过60MPa；热变形温度超过150度；是一种性能良好，特别是耐磨性能优异的材料。

Description

耐磨皮带的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子技术领域，具体涉及一种耐磨皮带的制备方法。
背景技术
皮带产品作为传送部件、包装部件、摩擦部件等，广泛应用于各种工业场所；根据材质，皮带一般由橡胶、塑料或者皮革等制备得到。塑料产品加工性很好，其在皮带原料方面有着重要的席位；但是塑料制品存在耐磨性差的致命弱点，导致塑料皮带的应用受阻。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种耐磨皮带的制备方法，得到的皮带具有优异的耐磨性。
为达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种耐磨皮带的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将氧化镍、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和石墨混合制备生坯，生坯经烧结后粉碎过筛得到多孔氧化镍粒子；将双酚A型氰酸酯单体加入到反应器中，90～95℃加热10～12分钟，加入次甲基丁二酸，升温至120～125℃，加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸，反应30～35分钟制备氰酸酯预聚体；将La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2加入4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液中得到混合液，然后加入三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖；搅拌1小时后烘干得到固体物；固体物经750℃烧结2小时后再于900℃烧结4小时得到块状物，块状物经粉碎过筛后得到改性粒子；
(2)将聚四氟乙烯粒子与五水合硝酸铋、十二水磷酸氢二钠、聚脲甲醛、丙烯酰胺、碳酸钾混合后采用熔融纺丝法，制备得到聚四氟乙烯纤维；将聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、二甲基氧化锡、氧化铈钆、多孔氧化镍粒子和氰酸酯预聚体混合均匀，再经熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维；将烯烃纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维按照8∶1的质量比进行混纺，得到主体材料；
(3)将丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二环戊二烯、三氟化硼单乙胺加入水中形成乳液；将过硫酸钾、溴化锂加入水中，制备引发剂溶液；然后按质量占比，将一半量的乳液与一半量的引发剂溶液混合，于70～75℃搅拌10分钟；然后在搅拌下，加入剩余的乳液与剩余的引发剂溶液，再反应30～50分钟，再加入改性粒子与三苯基缩水甘油醚基甲烷，于120～135℃搅拌50～70分钟，得到涂覆材料；
(4)将主体材料浸渍于涂覆材料中，20分钟后取出，70℃加热15～18分钟；然后再次浸渍于涂覆材料中，10分钟后取出，90℃加热8～10分钟；然后真空环境下，于140℃加热10分钟后再于160℃加热8分钟得到耐磨皮带。
本发明中，步骤(1)中，所述多孔氧化镍粒子的平均粒径为350纳米；所述改性粒子的平均粒径为680纳米；氧化镍、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和石墨的质量比为1∶0.1∶0.2；双酚A型氰酸酯单体、次甲基丁二酸、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸的质量比为1∶0.04∶0.2∶0.1∶0.15；La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2、4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液、三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖的质量比为1∶0.8∶6∶0.08∶0.12；4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液的质量浓度为6％。
本发明中，步骤(2)中，熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维时温度为210～220℃，纺丝速度为800～900米/分；熔融纺丝得到聚四氟乙烯纤维时温度为315～330℃，纺丝速度为600～700米/分；聚四氟乙烯粒子、五水合硝酸铋、十二水磷酸氢二钠、聚脲甲醛、丙烯酰胺、碳酸钾的质量比为1∶0.05∶0.08∶0.1∶0.3∶0.01；聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、二甲基氧化锡、氧化铈钆、多孔氧化镍粒子和氰酸酯预聚体的质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.02∶0.008∶0.01∶0.2。
本发明中，步骤(3)中，乳液中，丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二环戊二烯、三氟化硼单乙胺、水的质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.31∶0.45∶0.01∶8；引发剂溶液中，硫酸钾、溴化锂、水的质量比为1∶0.4∶5；乳液与引发剂熔液的质量比为95∶1。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：
(1)本发明以聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺为主要原料制备皮带主体材料；通过在烯烃中添加氰酸酯预聚体极大的提高了烯烃分子链的刚性，添加有机小分子增加了氰酸酯的反应性，增加了氰酸酯与烯烃的相容性，避免相分离，添加氧化物材料提高了分子的活性，并且多孔材料利于受力时载荷的分散，而且洞孔材料易于被浸润，在后续涂覆处理过程中利于有机物的分散，增加异质材料间的界面效应。
(2)本发明利用聚四氟乙烯纤维极大的提高了耐磨皮带的耐磨性，同时在熔纺过程中利用添加成分一方面在聚四氟乙烯纤维表面形成微孔，一方面增加了其表面活性，解决了现有聚四氟乙烯纤维惰性强、无法与其他纤维相容的问题，涂覆剂小分子可以渗透进入微孔，提高了涂层与主体材料的结合力，增加了耐磨皮带的稳定性与受力平衡性。
(3)本发明的耐磨皮带通过合理的设计，在主体材料表面涂覆带有改性粒子的涂覆层，经过两次浸渍、预热处理后，再进行真空热处理，不仅提高了涂覆层与主体材料的粘接力而且使得涂覆层固化程度高，在改性粒子的作用下，涂覆层具有良好的耐磨性；而且制备方便，通过熔纺、烘干设备，即可容易制备；利于工业化应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例一 一种耐磨皮带的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将质量比为1∶0.1∶0.2的氧化镍、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和石墨混合制备生坯，生坯经烧结后粉碎过筛得到平均粒径为350纳米的多孔氧化镍粒子；将双酚A型氰酸酯单体加入到反应器中，95℃加热10分钟，加入次甲基丁二酸，升温至125℃，加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸，反应30分钟制备氰酸酯预聚体；将La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2加入质量浓度为6％的4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液中得到混合液，然后加入三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖；搅拌1小时后烘干得到固体物；固体物经750℃烧结2小时后再于900℃烧结4小时得到块状物，块状物经粉碎过筛后得到平均粒径为680纳米的改性粒子，可以在涂覆过程中填充纤维间隙，并起到分散摩擦力的作用；双酚A型氰酸酯单体、次甲基丁二酸、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸的质量比为1∶0.04∶0.2∶0.1∶0.15；La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2、4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液、三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖的质量比为1∶0.8∶6∶0.08∶0.12；
(2)将质量比为1∶0.05∶0.08∶0.1∶0.3∶0.01的聚四氟乙烯粒子与五水合硝酸铋、十二水磷酸氢二钠、聚脲甲醛、丙烯酰胺、碳酸钾混合后采用熔融纺丝法，制备得到聚四氟乙烯纤维；将质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.02∶0.008∶0.01∶0.2的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、二甲基氧化锡、氧化铈钆、多孔氧化镍粒子和氰酸酯预聚体混合均匀，再经熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维；将烯烃纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维按照8∶1的质量比进行混纺，得到主体材料；熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维时温度为210～220℃，纺丝速度为900米/分；熔融纺丝得到聚四氟乙烯纤维时温度为315～330℃，纺丝速度为700米/分；氧化铈钆为Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9，可以提高熔融反应的活性，增加氰酸酯与烯烃的相容性，同时提高烯烃的力学性能，有利于摩擦力的提高；
(3)将质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.31∶0.45∶0.01∶8的丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二环戊二烯、三氟化硼单乙胺、水混合形成乳液；将过硫酸钾、溴化锂加入水中，制备引发剂溶液；然后按质量占比，将一半量的乳液与一半量的引发剂溶液混合，于75℃搅拌10分钟；然后在搅拌下，加入剩余的乳液与剩余的引发剂溶液，再反应30分钟，再加入改性粒子与三苯基缩水甘油醚基甲烷，于135℃搅拌70分钟，得到涂覆材料；引发剂溶液中，硫酸钾、溴化锂、水的质量比为1∶0.4∶5；乳液与引发剂熔液的质量比为95∶1；
(4)将主体材料浸渍于涂覆材料中，20分钟后取出，70℃加热15分钟；然后再次浸渍于涂覆材料中，10分钟后取出，90℃加热10分钟；然后真空环境下，于140℃加热10分钟后再于160℃加热8分钟得到耐磨皮带。
实施例二 一种耐磨皮带的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将质量比为1∶0.1∶0.2的氧化镍、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和石墨混合制备生坯，生坯经烧结后粉碎过筛得到平均粒径为350纳米的多孔氧化镍粒子；将双酚A型氰酸酯单体加入到反应器中，90℃加热12分钟，加入次甲基丁二酸，升温至125℃，加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸，反应35分钟制备氰酸酯预聚体；将La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2加入质量浓度为6％的4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液中得到混合液，然后加入三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖；搅拌1小时后烘干得到固体物；固体物经750℃烧结2小时后再于900℃烧结4小时得到块状物，块状物经粉碎过筛后得到平均粒径为680纳米的改性粒子，可以在涂覆过程中填充纤维间隙，并起到分散摩擦力的作用；双酚A型氰酸酯单体、次甲基丁二酸、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸的质量比为1∶0.04∶0.2∶0.1∶0.15；La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2、4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液、三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖的质量比为1∶0.8∶6∶0.08∶0.12；
(2)将质量比为1∶0.05∶0.08∶0.1∶0.3∶0.01的聚四氟乙烯粒子与五水合硝酸铋、十二水磷酸氢二钠、聚脲甲醛、丙烯酰胺、碳酸钾混合后采用熔融纺丝法，制备得到聚四氟乙烯纤维；将质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.02∶0.008∶0.01∶0.2的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、二甲基氧化锡、氧化铈钆、多孔氧化镍粒子和氰酸酯预聚体混合均匀，再经熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维；将烯烃纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维按照8∶1的质量比进行混纺，得到主体材料；熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维时温度为210～220℃，纺丝速度为800米/分；熔融纺丝得到聚四氟乙烯纤维时温度为315～330℃，纺丝速度为600米/分；氧化铈钆为Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9，可以提高熔融反应的活性，增加氰酸酯与烯烃的相容性，同时提高烯烃的力学性能，有利于摩擦力的提高；
(3)将质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.31∶0.45∶0.01∶8的丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二环戊二烯、三氟化硼单乙胺、水混合形成乳液；将过硫酸钾、溴化锂加入水中，制备引发剂溶液；然后按质量占比，将一半量的乳液与一半量的引发剂溶液混合，于75℃搅拌10分钟；然后在搅拌下，加入剩余的乳液与剩余的引发剂溶液，再反应50分钟，再加入改性粒子与三苯基缩水甘油醚基甲烷，于120℃搅拌50钟，得到涂覆材料；引发剂溶液中，硫酸钾、溴化锂、水的质量比为1∶0.4∶5；乳液与引发剂熔液的质量比为95∶1；
(4)将主体材料浸渍于涂覆材料中，20分钟后取出，70℃加热15分钟；然后再次浸渍于涂覆材料中，10分钟后取出，90℃加热10分钟；然后真空环境下，于140℃加热10分钟后再于160℃加热8分钟得到耐磨皮带。
本发明制备的耐磨皮带干摩擦1000次的质量损失率小于0.05％，湿磨2000次的质量损失率小于0.06％；弯曲强度超过60MPa；热变形温度超过150度；是一种性能良好，特别是耐磨性能优异的材料。

Claims (6)

1.一种耐磨皮带的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将氧化镍、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和石墨混合制备生坯，生坯经烧结后粉碎过筛得到多孔氧化镍粒子；将双酚A型氰酸酯单体加入到反应器中，90～95℃加热10～12分钟，加入次甲基丁二酸，升温至120～125℃，加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸，反应30～35分钟制备氰酸酯预聚体；将La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2加入4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液中得到混合液，然后加入三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖；搅拌1小时后烘干得到固体物；固体物经750℃烧结2小时后再于900℃烧结4小时得到块状物，块状物经粉碎过筛后得到改性粒子；
(2)将聚四氟乙烯粒子与五水合硝酸铋、十二水磷酸氢二钠、聚脲甲醛、丙烯酰胺、碳酸钾混合后采用熔融纺丝法，制备得到聚四氟乙烯纤维；将聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、二甲基氧化锡、氧化铈钆、多孔氧化镍粒子和氰酸酯预聚体混合均匀，再经熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维；将烯烃纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维按照8∶1的质量比进行混纺，得到主体材料；
(3)将丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二环戊二烯、三氟化硼单乙胺加入水中形成乳液；将过硫酸钾、溴化锂加入水中，制备引发剂溶液；然后按质量占比，将一半量的乳液与一半量的引发剂溶液混合，于70～75℃搅拌10分钟；然后在搅拌下，加入剩余的乳液与剩余的引发剂溶液，再反应30～50分钟，再加入改性粒子与三苯基缩水甘油醚基甲烷，于120～135℃搅拌50～70分钟，得到涂覆材料；
(4)将主体材料浸渍于涂覆材料中，20分钟后取出，70℃加热15～18分钟；然后再次浸渍于涂覆材料中，10分钟后取出，90℃加热8～10分钟；然后真空环境下，于140℃加热10分钟后再于160℃加热8分钟得到耐磨皮带。
2.根据权利要求1所述耐磨皮带的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，所述多孔氧化镍粒子的平均粒径为350纳米；所述改性粒子的平均粒径为680纳米。
3.根据权利要求1所述耐磨皮带的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，氧化镍、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和石墨的质量比为1∶0.1∶0.2；双酚A型氰酸酯单体、次甲基丁二酸、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸三丁酯与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸的质量比为1∶0.04∶0.2∶0.1∶0.15；La(NO3)3·6H2O、Sr(NO3)2、4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液、三氟甲磺酸镧和壳聚糖的质量比为1∶0.8∶6∶0.08∶0.12；4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸半钠盐缓冲液的质量浓度为6％。
4.根据权利要求1所述耐磨皮带的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，熔融纺丝得到烯烃纤维时温度为210～220℃，纺丝速度为800～900米/分；熔融纺丝得到聚四氟乙烯纤维时温度为315～330℃，纺丝速度为600～700米/分。
5.根据权利要求1所述耐磨皮带的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，聚四氟乙烯粒子、五水合硝酸铋、十二水磷酸氢二钠、聚脲甲醛、丙烯酰胺、碳酸钾的质量比为1∶0.05∶0.08∶0.1∶0.3∶0.01；聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、二甲基氧化锡、氧化铈钆、多孔氧化镍粒子和氰酸酯预聚体的质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.02∶0.008∶0.01∶0.2。
6.根据权利要求1所述耐磨皮带的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，乳液中，丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、三羟甲基氨基甲烷、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、二环戊二烯、三氟化硼单乙胺、水的质量比为1∶1∶0.6∶0.31∶0.45∶0.01∶8；引发剂溶液中，过硫酸钾、溴化锂、水的质量比为1∶0.4∶5；乳液与引发剂熔液的质量比为95∶1。
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