CN106187335B - Oil removing preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen waste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Oil removing preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen waste and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000193749 Bacillus coagulans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229940054340 bacillus coagulans Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 58
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 57
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000003876 biosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkylbenzene sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000589291 Acinetobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000235546 Rhizopus stolonifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235015 Yarrowia lipolytica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048842 sodium xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an oil removing preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen waste, which comprises an oil degrading microbial inoculum, a nutrition activator and a surfactant; the grease degrading microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans or/and bacillus licheniformis; the surfactant is neutral and has no disinfection effect. The invention also provides a preparation method of the oil removing preparation, which comprises the following steps of (1) weighing the oil degrading microbial inoculum and the nutrition activating agent according to the weight ratio, stirring and mixing the oil degrading microbial inoculum and the nutrition activating agent with water, and standing for 2-4 hours at room temperature; (2) and (2) adding a surfactant into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), mixing and dissolving to prepare the oil removing preparation. The oil removing preparation can emulsify oil, quickens the speed of degrading the oil by microorganisms, improves the composting efficiency of kitchen waste, and can reduce the oil content from 25-28% to 5-7% within 48 hours.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to an oil removal preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen garbage and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization process in China, the discharge amount of municipal solid waste is larger and larger, wherein the proportion of kitchen waste is increased gradually and accounts for 37-62% of the municipal solid waste. The kitchen waste is easy to deteriorate and decay, breeding harmful microorganisms and mosquitoes and flies, generating a large amount of toxins and emitting malodorous gases, and if the kitchen waste is not treated, the urban appearance is seriously influenced, the body health of residents is damaged, and the environmental quality is damaged.
The high-efficiency aerobic composting is a technology for degrading the kitchen waste by using microorganisms, has the advantages of low cost, high degradation speed, small occupied area, reduction and harmlessness, can be applied to composting plants, restaurants and families, and is a development trend of biological treatment of the kitchen waste. The composting microorganisms used in the high-efficiency aerobic composting are different from the traditional aerobic composting, the composting microorganisms of the traditional aerobic composting take mould fungi as main functional bacteria, and the composting time is up to 1 month; the high-efficiency aerobic composting takes aerobic or facultative aerobic bacteria as main functional bacteria, and the aerobic kitchen waste processor is required to be used, so that the composting can be completed within 1-2 days. The aerobic kitchen waste processor provides proper growth conditions for compost microorganisms, has ventilation and stirring functions, can ensure that the aerobic microorganisms have sufficient oxygen respiration and remove water vapor volatilized during fermentation, and can fully mix the microorganisms and the kitchen waste; the processor has the function of heat preservation and heating, maintains the temperature of the fermentation vat to be above 35 ℃, and the microorganism has higher activity at the temperature.
The kitchen waste in China has extremely high oil content, the dry-basis oil content is between 20% and 30%, and the high oil content is one of the main difficulties in composting the kitchen waste. The higher the oil content in the kitchen waste is, the slower the aerobic composting reaction is, the lower the highest temperature which can be reached by the system is, when the oil content of the compost is more than 8%, the highest temperature of the compost is difficult to reach 55 ℃, and the composting effect is obviously influenced; the excessive oil content can prevent the contact of the compost and oxygen to cause the anaerobic phenomenon of the compost, and the hydrolysis acidification is carried out, so that the pH value of the compost cannot be increased and always fluctuates about 4.5-5.0, and the compost is not beneficial to the growth of microorganisms; the oil content is high, so that an anaerobic environment appears in the stockpile, the growth of aerobic microorganisms is inhibited, and the microorganisms are wrapped in the viscous grease to be in a dormant state, so that the degradation of organic matters is not facilitated. Therefore, in the aerobic composting of the kitchen waste, the treatment of the kitchen waste grease is particularly important.
The prior kitchen waste grease treatment method comprises the following steps: physical, chemical and biological methods. The patent of application No. CN201110365608.0 introduces that Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Rhizopus nigricans, photosynthetic bacteria, Candida lipolytica, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus nitrosification and Vickers nitrate are subjected to high-density culture to prepare dormant microorganism dry powder, and the dormant microorganism dry powder is mixed in proportion to obtain kitchen waste oil-removing composite bacteria for treating kitchen waste and degrading grease components in the kitchen waste; patent application No. CN201310403853.5 introduces that oil-degrading bacteria acinetobacter UC13 is fermented in a culture medium with peanut oil as a sole carbon source, and a biosurfactant is obtained after a product obtained by fermentation is subjected to centrifugation, extraction, drying, filtration and distillation, and can be used for degrading oil in kitchen waste.
The grease degrading bacteria can degrade part of grease, but the degrading capability is still limited, the activity of high-oil kitchen waste with the grease content of more than 8 percent is easy to reduce, the grease can not be degraded thoroughly in time, and the grease wraps the thalli to cause an anaerobic phenomenon, so that the composting effect is influenced.
The biosurfactant is a metabolic product which is produced by microorganisms under certain culture conditions and integrates hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups and has surface activity. Biosurfactants still have major disadvantages compared to chemical surfactants: (1) the preparation method of the biosurfactant varies with different microorganisms, so that a general ideal production guide route is difficult to provide; (2) the low concentration and amphiphilicity of biosurfactants in the fermentation broth prevents efficient separation and is costly to produce.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an oil removing preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen waste and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an oil removing preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen waste comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the oil-and-fat degradation microbial inoculum is solid powder and is formed by mixing dry thalli of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans according to the weight ratio of 1-2: 1.
In the grease degrading microbial inoculum, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans can degrade grease, and other grease degrading strains can be added on the basis to strengthen the original functions of the microbial inoculum. Preferably, the grease degrading microbial inoculum is formed by mixing dry thalli of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans and bacillus licheniformis according to the weight ratio of 1-2:1: 1-2.
Further preferably, the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus coagulans and the bacillus licheniformis is not less than 1 x 10
7CFU/g。
More preferably, the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus subtilis is (5-9) × 10
8CFU/g, viable bacteria concentration of Bacillus coagulans is (5-9) x 10
8CFU/g, viable bacteria concentration of Bacillus licheniformis is (1-4) × 10
8CFU/g。
Preferably, the nutritional activator is solid powder, contains brown sugar, and the content of the brown sugar is not lower than 80%.
More preferably, the nutrition activator is formed by mixing 95% of brown sugar and 5% of malt extract powder.
Preferably, the surfactant is a liquid preparation, and is a neutral surfactant without disinfection effect.
More preferably, the surfactant is selected from three or more of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, α -alkenyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid alkanolamide and urea, wherein the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate is 5-15 parts, α -alkenyl sulfonate is 10-20 parts, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate is 10-20 parts, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is 20-30 parts, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is 10-20 parts, fatty acid alkanolamide is 1-5 parts and urea is added into the raw materials in parts by weight, and the mass concentration of the surfactant is more than 45%, preferably 47-60%, more preferably 53-54%.
Preferably, the surfactant is prepared by adding 8-10 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 23-25 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 12-15 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 2-4 parts of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide and 2-4 parts of urea into 100 parts of water by weight, mixing and dissolving.
Preferably, the surfactant is prepared by adding 10-14 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 23-25 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 14-16 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and 2-4 parts of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide to 100 parts of total weight, and mixing and dissolving.
Preferably, the surfactant is prepared by adding 23-25 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 14-16 parts of α -alkenyl sodium sulfonate and 14-16 parts of fatty acid methyl ester sodium sulfonate into water until the total weight is 100 parts, and mixing and dissolving the components.
A method for preparing an oil removal preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the grease degrading microbial inoculum and the nutrition activating agent according to the weight parts, stirring and mixing the grease degrading microbial inoculum and the nutrition activating agent with water, and standing for 2-4 hours at room temperature;
(2) and (2) adding a surfactant into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), mixing and dissolving to prepare the oil removing preparation.
The microbial degradation of grease is much slower than the degradation of saccharides and proteins, and the grease degradation is a key reaction for limiting the efficient aerobic composting efficiency of the kitchen waste. The surfactant can change oil components in the kitchen waste into degradable oil drops, so that composting microorganisms are prevented from being wrapped in the oil and losing activity; the nutrition activator provides nutrition required by life activities for the oil degradation bacteria, so that the oil degradation bacteria are activated from a dormant state; the activated grease degrading bacteria can degrade the emulsified grease, so that the degradation speed of the grease is accelerated; the composting microorganisms are suitable for neutral or slightly acidic environments, the pH value is preferably 5.0-7.5, and the activity of the composting microorganisms is not influenced by the neutral surfactant.
The three components must be mixed in order: the grease degrading bacteria agent and the nutrition activating agent are firstly added with water, mixed, dissolved and kept stand for 2-4 hours to activate the grease degrading bacteria, and then the surfactant can be added.
The invention is particularly suitable for degrading kitchen waste grease in the high-efficiency aerobic composting process, but the oil removal preparation can not replace composting microorganisms.
The use method of the oil removing preparation of the invention comprises the following steps: before use, the three components of the grease degrading bacteria agent, the nutrition activating agent and the surfactant are mixed with water according to the method to prepare an oil removing preparation; then adding the oil removing preparation into an aerobic kitchen waste treatment machine, mixing the oil removing preparation with kitchen waste with high oil content, and adding 70-90L of the oil removing preparation per ton of the waste; after the oil removal preparation is added, the kitchen waste is subjected to heat preservation at the temperature of more than 35 ℃ and ventilation stirring, so that the grease in the kitchen waste can be rapidly degraded.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the efficient aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste, when the microbial activity is reduced due to excessive grease and the kitchen waste cannot be degraded in time, the oil removing preparation provided by the invention is added, the grease can be emulsified, the speed of degrading the grease by the microbes is increased, and the composting efficiency of the kitchen waste is improved. The oil removing preparation is added in the efficient aerobic composting process of the kitchen waste, and the oil content can be reduced from 25-28% to 5-7% within 48 hours. The method is simple and rapid, and has obvious effect.
Detailed Description
Example 1
This example is a preparation example of a degreasing formulation.
Respectively preparing the grease degrading bacteria agent, the nutrition activating agent and the surfactant.
The oil degradation microbial inoculum consists of dry thalli of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans and bacillus licheniformis according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus subtilis is (5-9) × 10
8CFU/g, the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus coagulans is (5-9) multiplied by 10
8CFU/g, the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus licheniformis is (1-4) multiplied by 10
8CFU/g。
The nutrition activator is formed by mixing 95 percent of brown sugar and 5 percent of malt extract powder.
The surfactant is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 24 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 14 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 3 parts of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, 3 parts of urea and 47 parts of water.
The oil removing preparation is prepared by the following method, wherein the parts are all parts by weight: (1) stirring and mixing 1 part of grease degrading microbial inoculum, 3 parts of nutrition activating agent and 10 parts of clear water, and standing for 2 hours at room temperature (25-35 ℃); (2) adding 6 parts of surfactant, mixing and dissolving to prepare the oil removing preparation.
Example 2
This example is a preparation example of a degreasing formulation.
Respectively preparing the grease degrading bacteria agent, the nutrition activating agent and the surfactant.
The oil degradation microbial inoculum consists of dry thalli of bacillus subtilis and bacillus coagulans according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus subtilis is (5-9) multiplied by 10
8CFU/g, the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus coagulans is (5-9) multiplied by 10
8CFU/g。
The nutritional activator comprises brown sugar.
The surfactant is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 15 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 12 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3 parts of alkanolamide and 46 parts of water.
The oil removing preparation is prepared by the following method, wherein the parts are all parts by weight: (1) stirring and mixing 1 part of grease degrading microbial inoculum, 3 parts of nutrition activating agent and 10 parts of clear water, and standing for 4 hours at room temperature (25-35 ℃); (2) adding 6 parts of surfactant, mixing and dissolving to prepare the oil removing preparation.
Example 3
This example is a test of the oil removal agent prepared in example 1 for degrading kitchen waste oil.
250kg of compost microbial inoculum is initially added into an aerobic compost kitchen waste processor with the volume of 600L, and the compost microbial inoculum is prepared according to the preparation method described in the patent with the application number of CN 201410468958.3. 100kg of kitchen waste is added every day, the kitchen waste contains 50% of meat kitchen excess materials such as animal internal organs and skins, 50% of vegetable kitchen excess materials such as vegetables and potatoes, and the kitchen waste contains 8% -10% of grease. The kitchen waste processor keeps ventilation and stirring and keeps the temperature above 35 ℃ for aerobic composting. After 10 days of continuous feeding of the kitchen waste, the waste residue was observed to be very greasy, black slurry-like, with an acid odor. At this point, the oil content of the waste residue was measured to be 25%, the waste residue weighed 515kg, and the material temperature was 35 ℃. Because too much grease is accumulated, compost microorganisms are wrapped by the grease to cause low activity, the kitchen waste disposer continues to operate for 48 hours, the grease content and weight of waste residues are not reduced, and the material temperature is maintained at 35 ℃.
Adding 40L of oil removal agent into a kitchen waste processor, and after the kitchen waste processor continuously operates for 24 hours, reducing the oil content of waste residues to 15%, reducing the weight to 454kg, reducing the acid odor, changing the appearance of the waste residues into black wet soil, and raising the material temperature to 50 ℃; after the kitchen waste disposer continues to operate for 24 hours, the oil content of the waste residues is reduced to 5%, the weight of the waste residues is reduced to 401kg, the acid odor disappears, the appearance of the waste residues becomes loose black silt, and the material temperature is increased to 58 ℃.
Test results show that in the high-efficiency aerobic composting process, when the oil content of the garbage residues is accumulated to 25%, the activity of composting microorganisms becomes very low, and the garbage cannot be degraded continuously; at this point, the degreasing agent prepared in example 1 was added to rapidly degrade the grease and activate the composting microbes, reducing the grease content from 25% to 5% within 48 hours.
Example 4
This example is a test of the oil removal agent prepared in example 2 for degrading kitchen waste oil.
250kg of compost microbial inoculum is initially added into an aerobic compost kitchen waste processor with the volume of 600L, and the compost microbial inoculum is prepared according to the preparation method described in the patent with the application number of CN 201410468958.3. 100kg of kitchen waste is added every day, the kitchen waste contains 50% of meat kitchen excess materials such as animal internal organs and skins, 50% of vegetable leftovers such as vegetables and potatoes, and 8% -10% of grease in the kitchen waste. The kitchen waste processor keeps ventilation and stirring and keeps the temperature above 35 ℃ for aerobic composting. After 10 days of continuous feeding of the kitchen waste, the waste residue was observed to be very greasy, black slurry-like, with an acid odor. At this point, the oil content of the waste residue was found to be 28%, the waste residue weighed 532kg and the feed temperature was 35 ℃. Because too much grease is accumulated, compost microorganisms are wrapped by the grease to cause low activity, the kitchen waste disposer continues to operate for 48 hours, the grease content and weight of waste residues are not reduced, and the material temperature is maintained at 35 ℃.
Adding 40L of oil removal agent into a kitchen waste processor, and after the kitchen waste processor is continuously operated for 24 hours, reducing the oil content of waste residues to 18 percent, reducing the weight to 470kg, reducing the acid odor, changing the appearance of the waste residues into black wet soil, and raising the material temperature to 45 ℃; after the kitchen waste disposer continues to operate for 24 hours, the oil content of the waste residues is reduced to 7%, the weight of the waste residues is reduced to 411kg, the acid odor disappears, the appearance of the waste residues becomes loose black silt, and the material temperature is increased to 55 ℃.
Test results show that in the process of high-efficiency aerobic composting, when the oil content of garbage residues is accumulated to 28%, the activity of composting microorganisms becomes very low, and garbage can not be degraded continuously; at this point, the degreasing agent prepared in example 2 was added to rapidly degrade the grease and activate the composting microbes, reducing the grease content from 28% to 7% within 48 hours.
From examples 3 and 4, it can be known that the effect of the oil removing preparation is reflected by the oil content of the kitchen waste, and the oil content is reduced from 25-28% to 5-7% within 48 hours. The detection method of the oil content is a Soxhlet extraction method.
Example 5
The components of the surfactant adopted by the invention are mild surfactant with good grease emulsifying effect, and surfactant with neutral pH value and disinfection effect, such as quaternary ammonium salt, Tego and the like, is not contained. Therefore, the surfactant adopted by the invention does not influence the activity of the strains, and can improve the speed of degrading the grease, and the combination of the commonly used detergent, laundry detergent or other surfactants in the market and the strains can influence the activity of microorganisms and reduce the degradation speed of the grease. The following comparative tests can be verified:
the effect of several surfactants on the activity of oil-removing microorganisms was compared by liquid fermentation tests.
(1) Materials and reagents
Surfactants a, b, c and d, edible blend oil and nutrient broth.
Bacillus subtilis strain liquid in logarithmic growth phase, and Bacillus coagulans strain liquid in logarithmic growth phase.
The surfactant a is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 24 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 14 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 3 parts of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, 3 parts of urea and 47 parts of water.
The surfactant b is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 24 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 15 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 3 parts of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide and 46 parts of water.
The surfactant c is prepared by mixing the following raw materials, by weight, 15 parts of α -sodium alkenyl sulfonate, 15 parts of fatty acid methyl ester sodium sulfonate, 24 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and 46 parts of water.
The surfactant d is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: tween-8054 parts and water 46 parts.
The surfactant e is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of sulfonic acid, 12 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 7 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 4.4 parts of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, 12 parts of sodium xylene sulfonate, 2.6 parts of sodium hydroxide and 46 parts of water.
The nutrient broth formula comprises the following components: 10g/L of peptone, 3g/L of beef powder, 5g/L of sodium chloride and 7.2 of pH value.
(2) Test procedure
Preparing a test fermentation liquid: 100mL of nutrient broth, 5mL of surfactant and 5mL of edible blend oil are mixed and then filled into a 250mL triangular flask, sterilized at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 20min and then cooled to the room temperature; each surfactant was used to prepare 3 bottles of fermentation broth, 15 bottles total.
Preparing a blank control fermentation liquid: mixing 95mL of nutrient broth, 5mL of water and 5mL of edible blend oil, filling the mixture into a 250mL triangular flask, sterilizing the mixture at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 20min, and then cooling the mixture to the room temperature; and preparing 3 bottles of blank control fermentation liquor.
Each bottle of test fermentation liquor and each bottle of control fermentation liquor are respectively inoculated with 2% of bacillus subtilis strain liquid and 2% of bacillus coagulans strain liquid.
And carrying out shake culture on the fermentation liquor at the culture temperature of 37 ℃ at the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
After 72 hours of culture, the colony count of each bottle of test fermentation broth and control fermentation broth was determined by the GB/T4789.2-2010 colony count determination method.
(3) Test results
If the colony number of the fermentation liquor added with the surfactant is more than or equal to that of the blank control fermentation liquor, the surfactant is non-toxic to the test strain, otherwise, the surfactant is identified as toxic. The test result shows that the surfactant e is toxic to the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans, and the surfactants a, b, c and d are nontoxic to the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans. And the total number of bacterial colonies of the fermentation liquor added with the surfactants a, b and c is obviously more than that of a blank control, which shows that the three surfactants have better emulsification effect on grease in the fermentation liquor and are beneficial to the growth of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus coagulans.
Claims (7)
1. An oil removing preparation for efficient aerobic composting of kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the surfactant is a surfactant without disinfection effect, and is prepared from three or more than three of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, α -alkenyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid alkanolamide and urea;
the grease degrading microbial inoculum is solid powder, and is formed by mixing dry thalli of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans and bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 1-2:1: 1-2;
the mass concentration of the surfactant is more than 45%.
2. The oil-removing preparation according to claim 1, wherein the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus coagulans and the bacillus licheniformis is not lower than 1 x 10
7CFU/g。
3. The oil-removing preparation according to claim 2, wherein the viable bacteria concentration of Bacillus subtilis is (5-9) x 10
8CFU/g, viable bacteria concentration of Bacillus coagulans is(5-9)×10
8CFU/g, viable bacteria concentration of Bacillus licheniformis is (1-4) × 10
8CFU/g。
4. The degreasing formulation of claim 1, wherein the nutritional activator is a solid powder comprising brown sugar, and the brown sugar is not less than 80%.
5. The degreasing formulation of claim 4, wherein the nutritional activator is a mixture of 95% brown sugar and 5% malt extract powder.
6. The degreasing formulation of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a liquid formulation and is a neutral surfactant.
7. A method for preparing the oil removal preparation for the high-efficiency aerobic composting of kitchen waste as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the grease degrading microbial inoculum and the nutrition activating agent according to the weight parts, stirring and mixing the grease degrading microbial inoculum and the nutrition activating agent with water, and standing for 2-4 hours at room temperature;
(2) and (2) adding a surfactant into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), mixing and dissolving to prepare the oil removing preparation.
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| CN108676837A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-10-19 | 中林山水（北京）生态科技股份有限公司 | A method of compost is manufactured based on house refuse |
| CN110665930B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-06-21 | 上海老港废弃物处置有限公司 | A kind of landfill domestic waste acceleration stabilization reagent and using method thereof |
| CN111394287A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-10 | 中铁环境科技工程有限公司 | Preparation method of degrading microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment |
| CN111548963A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-18 | 中铁环境科技工程有限公司 | Degrading microbial inoculum for kitchen waste treatment and application thereof |
| CN111925968A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-13 | 广州希奕餐厨降解设备有限公司 | Compound microbial inoculum for kitchen waste composting and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111979158A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-24 | 广州希奕餐厨降解设备有限公司 | Compound microbial inoculum for food waste compost as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112806230A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-18 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Special organic substrate for rice seedling raising and preparation method thereof |
| CN114890825A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-12 | 安徽科技学院 | Method suitable for deoiling and degreasing kitchen waste compost |
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