CN106160787A

CN106160787A - A kind of data transmission method and device

Info

Publication number: CN106160787A
Application number: CN201510154557.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李卫敏; 袁志锋
Original assignee: ZTE Corp
Current assignee: ZTE Corp
Priority date: 2015-04-02
Filing date: 2015-04-02
Publication date: 2016-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 2035-04-02
Also published as: WO2016155390A1; CN106160787B

Abstract

A kind of data transmission method of embodiment of the present invention offer and device, first the sequence of complex numbers needing to use is determined, the a length of L of this sequence of complex numbers, each element of this sequence of complex numbers comes from the plural number set comprising N number of complex values, and to have a complex values in N number of complex values be 0, the probability that each element is 0 of this sequence of complex numbers is P and in 0 ＜ P ＜ 1 or this sequence of complex numbers, the ratio of 0 element is R and 0≤R≤(L-1)/L, wherein, L is the integer more than 1, and N is the integer more than or equal to 2；Then use this sequence of complex numbers to process to sent data symbol, generate data symbol sequence；Finally send this data symbol sequence.Relative to prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively control multiuser interference, effectively control the reception detection complexity of receiver, such that it is able to be effectively improved multiple access communication performance, it is achieved multi-user transships access communications and/or exempt to dispatch access communications.

Description

Data transmission method and device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method and apparatus.

Background

Uplink multi-user Access communication can be achieved by different Multiple Access techniques, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA). Among them, the use of CDMA technology for uplink multi-user access communication provides excellent access performance, and has been adopted by multiple wireless communication standards.

For an access process using CDMA technology, first, a plurality of access terminals respectively use a spreading sequence with a certain length (for example, a spreading sequence with a length of L, which is composed of L elements, where the elements may be digital symbols) to perform spreading processing on data symbols after amplitude-phase Modulation (for example, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) is performed on data to be transmitted; the spreading processing refers to a process of multiplying each modulated data symbol by each element of a spreading sequence to form a data symbol sequence with the same length as the adopted spreading sequence; specifically, in the process, each modulated data symbol (for example, a constellation point symbol corresponding to data to be transmitted after QAM modulation) is multiplied by each element of an extension sequence with a length of L, so that each modulated data symbol is extended to a data symbol sequence with the same length as the adopted extension sequence, that is, each modulated data symbol is extended to L symbols, which is equivalent to that each modulated data symbol is respectively carried by the extension sequence with the length of L; then, the data symbol sequences obtained by the expansion processing of a plurality of access terminals can be sent on the same time-frequency resource; finally, the base station receives signals obtained by superposing the extension signals of a plurality of access terminals after wireless propagation, and separates useful information of each terminal from the received superposed signals through a multi-user receiving detection technology.

CDMA belongs to the field of spread spectrum communication, because a data symbol modulated by a terminal is spread into L symbols after spreading processing by using a spreading sequence with a length of L, if the transmission time of the L symbols after spreading processing is required to be equal to the transmission time of the data symbol before spreading, the bandwidth required for transmitting the L symbols after spreading processing needs to be spread by L times, so the spreading sequence is often called a spreading sequence.

The symbols obtained after the spreading process of the access terminal may be transmitted through a Multi-Carrier technology (e.g., Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier, FBMC), which is a combination of Code Division multiple access and Multi-Carrier technologies, i.e., a Multi-Carrier Code Division multiple access (MC-CDMA).

In the CDMA technique, the spreading process of the transmitter is relatively simple: multiplying each modulated data symbol by each element of a spreading sequence with the length of L to obtain L symbols after spreading processing, and then transmitting the L symbols through a single carrier technology or a multi-carrier technology; the receiving process of the base station receiver is relatively complicated. How the base station receiver accurately separates the useful data information of each terminal from the superposed signal to ensure the multiple access performance of the CDMA system is a key of the CDMA system, and this involves two aspects, namely, a spreading sequence and a receiver, wherein the selection of the spreading sequence is a performance basis, and the design of the receiver is a performance guarantee.

In particular, in order to obtain good multiple access performance, good cross-correlation characteristics between spreading sequences employed by different terminals are required. If a single carrier code division multiplexing technology is adopted, the spreading sequence adopted by the terminal also needs to have good autocorrelation characteristic to resist the influence of multipath time delay spreading; the multi-carrier code division multiplexing technology can resist the influence of multipath delay spread by means of the multi-carrier technology, and the design of the spreading sequence can give an important consideration to the cross-correlation characteristic which is beneficial to a receiver to separate multi-user information.

On the basis of the design of the spreading sequence, the base station may adopt a high-performance multi-user reception detection technique to separate multi-user information and obtain excellent multiple access performance, such as a Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) reception detection technique, but the complexity is relatively high.

The selection and design of spreading sequences is an important aspect of CDMA technology. A Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) technique is a common technique in CDMA technologies, and has been used as an uplink multi-user Access technique for Multiple wireless communication standards and systems, and a spreading Sequence of the DS-CDMA technique is a simple binary Pseudo-random (PN) real Sequence. Also, DS-CDMA based on binary pseudo-random real sequences is applied to MC-CDMA technology. A binary pseudorandom real sequence may also be referred to as a binary pseudorandom sequence, and the value of each element or symbol of the binary pseudorandom real sequence is usually represented as 0 or 1, and may also be further represented as a bipolar sequence, that is, 0 is represented as +1, and 1 is represented as-1, or 0 is represented as-1 and 1 is represented as + 1.

The length of the spreading sequence also needs to be considered in the design of the spreading sequence, and the longer the spreading sequence is, the easier the low cross-correlation between the spreading sequences adopted by different access terminals is to ensure, and the easier the selection of more sequences with low cross-correlation is to be performed, so that more terminals can be simultaneously accessed. And if the number of simultaneously accessed terminals is larger than the length of the spreading sequence, the system is considered to be in an overload state.

Supporting a large number of users to access a system for communication at the same time is an important requirement for future wireless communication, and it can be considered to be implemented by designing a multi-user access communication system with better overload capability based on code division multiple access. Reducing communication delay is another important requirement for future wireless communication, which can be achieved by designing a multi-user access communication system with a dispatch-free access characteristic based on code division multiple access.

From the perspective of multi-user information theory, the uplink employs the non-orthogonal multiple access method to obtain a larger system capacity or edge throughput than the orthogonal multiple access method, so that different access terminals may employ non-orthogonal spreading sequences in order to provide flexible system design and support simultaneous access of more users. Since the spreading sequences of different access terminals are not orthogonal to each other, the reception detection performance of each access terminal may be deteriorated as the number of simultaneously accessed terminals increases, and the interference between multiple users may become more severe when the system is overloaded.

At present, the CDMA technology employs a spreading sequence based on a binary pseudorandom real sequence, which has a relatively long length, and when a large number of user terminals access the system or the system is overloaded, the performance of the conventional receiver (e.g., RAKE receiver) is degraded, and the reception detection of the interference cancellation receiver (e.g., the receiver employing SIC technology) has a high complexity and a large delay; if a binary pseudorandom real sequence with a short length is adopted, low cross correlation between sequences is not easy to guarantee, and when a large number of user terminals are accessed into a system or the system is overloaded, serious interference among multiple users can be generated, so that the multi-user receiving detection performance and the multi-user access communication performance can be influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a data transmission method and a data transmission device, which are used for solving the problems that the interference among multiple users is serious, the receiving and detecting complexity is high, and the multi-user receiving and detecting performance and the multi-user access communication performance are influenced in the prior art.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method, including:

determining a complex sequence to be used, the complex sequence having a length L, each element of the complex sequence being from a complex set comprising N complex values, and one of the N complex values being 0, each element of the complex sequence having a probability of 0 being P and 0 < P < 1 or a ratio of 0 elements in the complex sequence being R and 0 ≦ R ≦ (L-1)/L, wherein L is an integer greater than 1 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

processing the data symbols to be transmitted by using the complex sequence to generate a data symbol sequence;

and transmitting the data symbol sequence.

Further, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to 1/N; or the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to the probability that each element is other non-zero values of the N complex values.

Furthermore, N complex values included in the complex set constitute a plurality of subsets, each subset includes one or more complex values, and the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking a value from a different subset is different.

Further, the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex number sequence satisfies that R is more than or equal to 1/L and less than or equal to (L-1)/L.

Further, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is determined according to a system fixed configuration; or,

the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is determined according to configuration signaling sent by the system; or,

the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is determined by the system according to a first preset rule; or,

the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule.

Further, each element of the complex sequence is not all 0.

Furthermore, values of real parts and imaginary parts of the N complex values in the complex set are both from an M-ary real number set; or, values of real parts and imaginary parts of non-zero values in the N complex values included in the complex set are both from the M-element real number set; wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Further, the M-ary real number set includes:

when M is an odd number greater than 2, a set consisting of M integers in the range [ - (M-1)/2, (M-1)/2 ]; or,

a set of M odd numbers in the range [ - (M-1), (M-1) ] when M is an even number greater than or equal to 2; or,

when M is an odd number larger than 2, a set consisting of M real numbers obtained by respectively multiplying M integers in the range of [ - (M-1)/2, (M-1)/2] by a first preset coefficient; or,

when M is an even number greater than or equal to 2, M odd numbers in the range of [ - (M-1), (M-1) ] are multiplied by a second preset coefficient to obtain a set of M real numbers.

Further, the determining a complex sequence to be used includes:

determining the complex sequence by adopting a random generation mode; or,

determining the complex sequence according to the transmitter identification information; or,

determining the complex sequence according to data transmission resources; or,

determining the complex sequence according to a system fixed configuration; or,

determining the complex sequence according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; or,

determining the complex sequence from a preset complex sequence set by adopting a random selection mode; or,

determining the complex sequence from the preset complex sequence set according to the transmitter identification information; or,

determining the complex sequence from the preset complex sequence set according to data transmission resources; or,

determining the complex sequence from the preset complex sequence set according to a data symbol to be transmitted; or,

determining the complex sequence from the preset complex sequence set according to the system fixed configuration; or,

and determining the complex sequence from the preset complex sequence set according to the configuration signaling sent by the system.

Further, the transmitter identification information includes at least one of: the transmitter number, the transmitter identification code, the transmitter location information, and the transmitter network address.

Further, the preset complex sequence set is determined according to the system fixed configuration; or,

the preset complex sequence set is determined according to a signaling sent by the system; or,

the preset complex sequence set is determined from Q complex sequence sets according to the system fixed configuration; or,

the preset complex sequence set is determined from the Q complex sequence sets according to a signaling sent by the system; or,

the preset complex sequence set is determined from the Q complex sequence sets according to the identification information of the transmitter; or,

the preset complex sequence set is determined from the Q complex sequence sets according to the data transmission resources; or,

the preset complex sequence set is determined from Q complex sequence sets according to the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequences;

wherein Q is an integer of not less than 1.

Further, the cross correlation coefficient between any two complex sequences in the preset complex sequence set is smaller than or equal to a preset cross correlation coefficient.

Further, the processing the data symbols to be transmitted by using the complex sequence includes:

performing spreading processing on the data symbols to be transmitted by using the complex sequence; or,

and mapping the data symbol to be sent into the complex sequence.

Further, the transmitting the data symbol sequence includes:

and forming a transmitting signal on the data transmission resource by the data symbol sequence and sending the transmitting signal.

The embodiment of the invention also provides another data transmission method, which comprises the following steps:

receiving signals transmitted by K transmitters, wherein K is an integer greater than or equal to 1;

determining a receiving detector to be used according to the complex sequence used by the K transmitters;

and carrying out receiving detection on the received signals by using the receiving detector to acquire the data sent by the K transmitters.

Further, the signals transmitted by the K transmitters are signals respectively formed and transmitted by the K transmitters on the same data transmission resource.

Further, the determining the receiving detector to be used according to the complex sequence used by the K transmitters includes:

and determining the receiving detector required to be used from receiving detectors supported by a receiver according to the proportion of 0 in the complex sequence used by the K transmitters.

Further, the receiver-supported reception detector comprises at least one of:

a successive interference cancellation reception detector;

a parallel interference cancellation reception detector;

a message passing algorithm reception detector;

a maximum likelihood reception detector.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission apparatus, including:

a determining module, configured to determine a complex sequence to be used, where the complex sequence has a length L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set including N complex values, and one of the N complex values is 0, and each element of the complex sequence has a probability of 0 being P and 0 < P < 1 or a ratio of 0 elements in the complex sequence is R and 0 ≦ R ≦ L-1)/L, where L is an integer greater than 1 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

the processing module is used for processing the data symbols to be transmitted by using the complex sequence determined by the determining module to generate a data symbol sequence;

and the sending module is used for sending the data symbol sequence generated by the processing module.

Further, each element of the complex sequence is not all 0.

Further, the M-ary real number set includes:

when M is an odd number larger than 2, a set consisting of M real numbers obtained by respectively multiplying M integers in the range of [ - (M-1)/2, (M-1)/2] by a preset coefficient; or,

when M is an even number greater than or equal to 2, M odd numbers in the range [ - (M-1), (M-1) ] are multiplied by the preset coefficient to obtain a set of M real numbers.

Further, the determining module is specifically configured to:

determining the complex sequence by adopting a random generation mode; or,

determining the complex sequence according to data transmission resources; or,

determining the complex sequence according to a system fixed configuration; or,

wherein Q is an integer of not less than 1.

Further, the processing module is specifically configured to:

performing spreading processing on the data symbol to be transmitted by using the complex sequence determined by the determining module to generate the data symbol sequence; or,

and mapping the data symbol to be sent to the complex sequence determined by the determining module to generate the data symbol sequence.

Further, the sending module is specifically configured to:

and forming a transmitting signal on the data transmission resource by the data symbol sequence generated by the processing module and transmitting the transmitting signal.

An embodiment of the present invention provides another data transmission apparatus, including:

the receiving module is used for receiving signals transmitted by K transmitters, wherein K is an integer greater than or equal to 1;

a determining module, configured to determine a receiving detector to be used according to the complex sequence used by the K transmitters;

and the detection module is used for performing receiving detection on the received signals by using the receiving detector determined by the determination module to acquire the data sent by the K transmitters.

Further, the determining module is specifically configured to:

Further, the receiver-supported reception detector comprises at least one of:

a successive interference cancellation reception detector;

a parallel interference cancellation reception detector;

a message passing algorithm reception detector;

a maximum likelihood reception detector.

The method and the device for data transmission provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly determine a complex sequence to be used, wherein the length of the complex sequence is L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set containing N complex values, one complex value in the N complex values is 0, the probability that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is P and 0 < P < 1, or the proportion of 0 elements in the complex sequence is R and 0 ≦ R ≦ L-1/L, wherein L is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; then, processing the data symbol to be transmitted by using the complex sequence to generate a data symbol sequence; and finally, transmitting the data symbol sequence. Compared with the prior art, each element of the complex sequence adopted by the transmitter in the embodiment of the invention is from a complex set which comprises N complex values and one of the complex values is 0, so that each transmitter using the same data transmission resource can be effectively ensured to select a low-cross-correlation complex sequence to process and transmit a data symbol to be transmitted, thereby effectively controlling interference among multiple users and supporting higher number of access users; and, by controlling the probability P that each element in the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence, the receiving detection complexity of the receiver can be effectively controlled.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a complex set for generating a complex sequence according to a first embodiment, a third embodiment and a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a complex set for generating a complex sequence according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a complex set for generating a complex sequence according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a complex set for generating a complex sequence according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.

The steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.

The system in the embodiment of the present invention is a data transmission transceiving system, and includes a transmitter, a receiver, and related functional nodes, etc., where the transmitter may be a terminal transmitter, a base station transmitter, or other types of transmitters, the receiver may be a base station receiver, a terminal receiver, or other types of receivers, and the related functional nodes may be a network management unit, an operation maintenance unit, etc.; the description or operations related to the system in the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by a terminal, or may be implemented by a base station, or may be implemented by other types of transmitters or receivers, or may be implemented by a related functional node; the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, "comprising" in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood as including but not limited to.

A data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a transmitter, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:

step 101, determining a complex sequence to be used, wherein the length of the complex sequence is L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set including N complex values, one of the N complex values is 0, the probability that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is P and 0 < P < 1, or the proportion of 0 elements in the complex sequence is R and 0 ≦ R ≦ L-1/L, wherein L is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

And 102, processing the data symbol to be transmitted by using the complex sequence to generate a data symbol sequence.

Step 103, transmitting the data symbol sequence.

Further, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence in the step 101 is 0 is greater than or equal to 1/N; alternatively, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to the probability that each element is other non-zero values of the N complex values.

Further, N complex values included in the complex set in step 101 form a plurality of subsets, each subset includes one or more complex values, and the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking a value from a different subset is different.

Further, the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex number sequence in the step 101 satisfies 1/L ≦ R ≦ (L-1)/L.

Further, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence in the above step 101 is 0 or the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence may be determined in any one of the following manners:

(1) determining according to the fixed configuration of the system; or,

(2) determining according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; or,

(3) the method comprises the steps of determining by a system according to a first preset rule; or,

(4) determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule.

It should be noted that the first preset rule and the second preset rule are only for distinguishing different rules, and both the first preset rule and the second preset rule may be preset rules, and are used by the system and the transmitter, respectively.

Further, each element of the complex sequence in the step 101 is not all 0.

Further, the values of the real part and the imaginary part of the N complex values included in the complex set in step 101 are both from an M-ary real number set; or, values of real parts and imaginary parts of non-zero values in the N complex values contained in the complex set are both from the M-element real number set; wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Further, the M-ary real number set may include:

It should be noted that the above first and second descriptions are only for convenience of description, and there is no limitation on the order, and the first preset coefficient and the second preset coefficient may be the same or different, and both the first preset coefficient and the second preset coefficient may be used to achieve the energy normalization effect of the complex sequence.

Further, for step 101: determining the complex sequence to be used may include:

(1) determining a complex sequence to be used by adopting a random generation mode; or,

(2) determining a complex sequence to be used according to the transmitter identification information; or,

(3) determining a complex sequence to be used according to data transmission resources; or,

(4) determining a complex sequence required to be used according to the fixed configuration of the system; or,

(5) determining a complex sequence required to be used according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; or,

(6) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set by adopting a random selection mode; or,

(7) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to the identity identification information of the transmitter; or,

(8) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to data transmission resources; or,

(9) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a data symbol to be transmitted; or,

(10) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a system fixed configuration; or,

(11) and determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a configuration signaling sent by the system.

Further, the transmitter identification information may include at least one of: transmitter number, transmitter identification code, transmitter location information, transmitter network address.

It should be noted that the transmitter location information may be geographical coordinate information where the transmitter is located, such as longitude and latitude coordinates, and the transmitter network address may be an Internet Protocol (IP) address or a Medium Access Control (MAC) address of the transmitter in the network.

Further, the preset complex sequence set may be determined in any one of the following manners:

(1) determining according to the fixed configuration of the system;

(2) determining according to a signaling sent by a system;

(3) determining from Q complex sequence sets according to a system fixed configuration;

(4) determining from Q complex sequence sets according to a signaling sent by a system;

(5) determining from the Q sets of complex sequences based on the transmitter identification information;

(6) determining from the Q sets of complex sequences according to the data transmission resources;

(7) determining from the Q complex sequence sets according to the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence;

wherein Q is an integer of not less than 1.

Further, a cross-correlation coefficient between any two complex sequences in the preset complex sequence set is smaller than or equal to a preset cross-correlation coefficient, where the preset cross-correlation coefficient may be configured fixedly by the system or determined according to signaling sent by the system.

Further, for step 102: processing the data symbols to be transmitted using the complex sequence may include:

using the complex sequence to carry out spreading processing on the data symbols to be transmitted; or,

and mapping the data symbols to be transmitted into the complex number sequence.

The spreading process is to complex-multiply a data symbol to be transmitted with each element (complex symbol) of the complex sequence to form a data symbol sequence with the same length as the complex sequence.

The extension process and the mapping process are conventional techniques for those skilled in the art.

Further, for step 103: transmitting the sequence of data symbols may include:

and forming a transmission signal by the data symbol sequence on the data transmission resource and transmitting.

It should be noted that, when the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present invention is applied or implemented in a system, the data transmission method may be implemented according to the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0, or may be implemented according to the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence, and when the system supports both of these two implementations, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 and the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence may be represented by the same parameter, and may adopt the same or different value ranges.

Finally, it should be further noted that the steps of the data transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present invention do not necessarily have a strict order relationship, and in a possible case: the determination by the transmitter of the complex sequence to be used, step 101, may be performed only once during the data transmission by the transmitter.

The data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of firstly determining a complex sequence to be used, wherein the length of the complex sequence is L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set containing N complex values, one of the N complex values is 0, the probability that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is P and 0 < P < 1, or the proportion of 0 elements in the complex sequence is R and 0-R < L-1)/L, wherein L is an integer larger than 1, and N is an integer larger than or equal to 2; then, the complex sequence is used for processing the data symbol to be sent to generate a data symbol sequence; and finally transmitting the data symbol sequence. Compared with the prior art, each element of the complex sequence adopted by the transmitter in the embodiment of the invention is from a complex set which comprises N complex values and one of the complex values is 0, so that each transmitter using the same data transmission resource can be effectively ensured to select a low-cross-correlation complex sequence to process and transmit a data symbol to be transmitted, thereby effectively controlling interference among multiple users and supporting higher number of access users; and, by controlling the probability P that each element in the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence, the receiving detection complexity of the receiver can be effectively controlled.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides a data transmission apparatus 10, where the data transmission apparatus 10 is disposed in the transmitter in the embodiment of the present invention, and the transmitter in the embodiment of the present invention may be a terminal transmitter, a base station transmitter, or another type of transmitter, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 2, the data transmission device 10 includes:

a determining module 11, configured to determine a complex sequence to be used, where the complex sequence has a length L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set including N complex values, and one of the N complex values is 0, and the probability that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is P and 0 < P < 1 or the ratio of 0 elements in the complex sequence is R and 0 ≦ R ≦ L-1)/L, where L is an integer greater than 1 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

And the processing module 12 is configured to process the data symbol to be sent by using the complex sequence determined by the determining module 11, and generate a data symbol sequence.

And a sending module 13, configured to send the data symbol sequence generated by the processing module 12.

Further, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to 1/N; alternatively, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to the probability that each element is other non-zero values of the N complex values.

Furthermore, the N complex values included in the complex set form a plurality of subsets, each subset includes one or more complex values, and the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking a value from a different subset is different.

Further, the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex number sequence satisfies 1/L ≦ R ≦ (L-1)/L.

Further, the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence may be determined in any one of the following manners:

determining according to the fixed configuration of the system;

determining according to a configuration signaling sent by a system;

the method comprises the steps of determining by a system according to a first preset rule;

determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule.

Further, each element of the complex sequence is not all 0.

Furthermore, values of real parts and imaginary parts of the N complex values in the complex set are both from the M-ary real number set; or, values of real parts and imaginary parts of non-zero values in the N complex values contained in the complex set are both from the M-element real number set; wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Further, the M-ary real number set includes:

Further, the determining module 11 is specifically configured to:

determining a complex sequence to be used by adopting a random generation mode; or,

determining a complex sequence to be used according to the transmitter identification information; or,

determining a complex sequence to be used according to data transmission resources; or,

determining a complex sequence required to be used according to the fixed configuration of the system; or,

determining a complex sequence required to be used according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; or,

determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set by adopting a random selection mode; or,

determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to the identity identification information of the transmitter; or,

determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to data transmission resources; or,

determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a data symbol to be transmitted; or,

determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a system fixed configuration; or,

and determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a configuration signaling sent by the system.

Further, the transmitter identification information includes at least one of: transmitter number, transmitter identification code, transmitter location information, transmitter network address.

determining according to the fixed configuration of the system;

determining according to a signaling sent by a system;

determining from Q complex sequence sets according to a system fixed configuration;

determining from Q complex sequence sets according to a signaling sent by a system;

determining from the Q sets of complex sequences based on the transmitter identification information;

determining from the Q sets of complex sequences according to the data transmission resources;

determining from the Q complex sequence sets according to the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence;

wherein Q is an integer of not less than 1.

Further, the processing module 12 is specifically configured to:

using the complex sequence determined by the determining module 11 to perform spreading processing on the data symbols to be transmitted, and generating a data symbol sequence; or,

and mapping the data symbols to be transmitted to the complex sequence determined by the determining module 11 to generate a data symbol sequence.

Further, the sending module 13 is specifically configured to:

and forming a transmission signal on the data transmission resource by the data symbol sequence generated by the processing module 12 and transmitting the transmission signal.

The present embodiment is used to implement the foregoing method embodiment, and the workflow and the working principle of each module in the present embodiment refer to the description in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.

The data transmission device provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly determines a complex sequence to be used, wherein the length of the complex sequence is L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set containing N complex values, one of the N complex values is 0, the probability that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is P and 0 < P < 1, or the proportion of 0 element in the complex sequence is R and 0 ≦ R ≦ L-1/L, wherein L is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; then, the complex sequence is used for processing the data symbol to be sent to generate a data symbol sequence; and finally transmitting the data symbol sequence. Compared with the prior art, each element of the complex sequence adopted by the transmitter in the embodiment of the invention is from a complex set which comprises N complex values and one of the complex values is 0, so that each transmitter using the same data transmission resource can be effectively ensured to select a low-cross-correlation complex sequence to process and transmit a data symbol to be transmitted, thereby effectively controlling interference among multiple users and supporting higher number of access users; and, by controlling the probability P that each element in the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence, the receiving detection complexity of the receiver can be effectively controlled.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions provided by the above embodiments of the present invention, a data transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below by using specific embodiments, where a transmitter in each of the following embodiments is provided with the data transmission apparatus 10 provided by the above embodiments of the present invention, and it can be understood that: the transmitter in the various embodiments described below may perform the functions of the data transmission apparatus 10.

Example one

In this embodiment, first, a transmitter determines a complex sequence to be used when data transmission is performed, where the length of the complex sequence is L, where L is an integer greater than 1;

each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set {0,1,1+ j, j, -1+ j, -1, -1-j, -j,1-j } comprising 9 complex values, one of the 9 complex values being 0, and each element of the complex sequence having a probability of taking the value 0 as P, where 0 < P < 1.

It can be seen that the real part and imaginary part of the 9 complex values in the complex set are both derived from the ternary real number set { -1,0,1}, and then the complex set can be represented as a two-dimensional complex constellation diagram including 9 constellation points, as shown in fig. 3, where the complex value corresponding to each constellation point is labeled.

The probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0 may be fixedly configured by the system, or configured by signaling sent by the system, or determined by the system according to a first preset rule (e.g., the system adjusts the probability P according to the number of access users), or determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule (e.g., the transmitter randomly generates the probability P).

As a preferable case of the present embodiment, the probability P that each element of the complex number sequence takes a 0 value is greater than or equal to 1/9; when the probability P is equal to 1/9, if the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking the other 8 values is uniformly distributed, then the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking the 0 value and the probability of taking the other 8 values are the same, both 1/9; when the probability P is greater than 1/9, for example, let the probability P equal to 1/3, if the probabilities of each element of the complex sequence taking the other 8 values are uniformly distributed, then the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking 0 value is 1/3, and the probabilities of taking the other 8 values are 1/12, or let the probability P equal to 1/2, if the probabilities of each element of the complex sequence taking the other 8 values are uniformly distributed, then the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking 0 value is 1/2, and the probabilities of taking the other 8 values are 1/16.

Specifically, the transmitter determines the complex sequence to be used, and the specific determination method includes:

(1) determining a complex sequence to be used by adopting a random generation mode; for example, according to the probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0, the transmitter generates, by its random sequence generator, an index of each element of the complex sequence that needs to be used in the complex set, and determines the complex sequence that needs to be used according to the index and the complex set, for example, the probability that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0 is 1/2, the probabilities that other 8 values are all 1/16, and the value range (0,1) is divided into 9 value intervals: (0,0.5), (0.5,0.5625), (0.5625,0.625), (0.625,0.6875), (0.6875,0.75), (0.75,0.8125), (0.8125,0.875), (0.875,0.9375), (0.9375,1), namely 1/2 with the 1 st interval being the value range (0,1), 1/16 with the other intervals being the value range (0,1), then, L random numbers in the range of (0,1) are generated by a random number generator, wherein, if the random number is within the value range (0,0.5), the corresponding element index is 0, if the random number is within the value range (0.5,0.5625), the corresponding element index is 1, and in the same way, if the random number is located in other value intervals, the corresponding element index can be determined, and then the complex sequence to be used can be determined according to the indexes of the L elements and the complex sequence set. Or,

(2) determining a complex sequence to be used according to the transmitter identification information; for example, the transmitter determines the initial state of its random sequence generator according to the system preset rule based on the identification information such as its number, identification code, location information, network address, etc., randomly generates the index of each element of the complex sequence to be used in the complex set according to the probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0, and determines the complex sequence to be used according to the index and the complex set. Or,

(3) determining a complex sequence to be used according to data transmission resources; for example, the transmitter determines the initial state of its random sequence generator according to the preset rule of the system according to the used data transmission resource, randomly generates the index of each element of the complex sequence to be used in the complex set according to the probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes the value of 0, and determines the complex sequence to be used according to the index and the complex set. Or,

(4) determining a complex sequence required to be used according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; for example, the system semi-statically or dynamically configures the complex sequence required to be used by the transmitter through signaling; in this way, the system may determine the probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0 according to a preset rule, and generate the complex sequence according to the probability, and send the complex sequence to the transmitter, for example, when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is small or the distribution of the positions, the distances, and the like is dispersed, a higher probability P is set, and when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is large or the distribution of the positions, the distances, and the like is concentrated, a lower probability P is set.

The data transmission resource is a data transmission resource used by the transmitter for data transmission, and may include types of carrier, timeslot, time-frequency resource, space-domain resource, and the like, and may be a definition or a form of a transmission resource unit, a transmission resource block, or a transmission resource set.

In addition, each element of the complex sequence determined by the transmitter is not all 0, and the transmitter may also perform energy normalization processing by multiplying the determined complex sequence by a preset coefficient.

Then, the transmitter uses the determined complex sequence to process the data symbol to be transmitted, and generates a data symbol sequence; the specific processing method may include:

(1) the transmitter uses the determined complex sequence to perform spreading processing on data symbols to be transmitted to generate a data symbol sequence; the spreading processing refers to performing complex multiplication on a data symbol to be transmitted and each element of the determined complex sequence to form a data symbol sequence with the same length as the complex sequence. Or,

(2) the transmitter maps the data symbols to be transmitted into the determined complex sequence to generate a data symbol sequence.

Finally, the transmitter transmits the generated data symbol sequence; specific sending methods may include, but are not limited to: the transmitter forms a transmission signal on a data transmission resource (e.g., a carrier, a time-frequency resource, etc.) by using the generated data symbol sequence, and transmits the transmission signal.

Example two

It can be seen that the real part and imaginary part of the 9 complex values included in the complex set are both derived from the ternary real number set { -1,0,1}, and then the complex set can be represented as a two-dimensional complex constellation diagram including 9 constellation points, as shown in fig. 4, where (1,1) - >1+ j is taken as an example, which indicates that the real part is 1, the imaginary part is 1, and the corresponding complex value is 1+ j.

As a preferable aspect of the present embodiment, the transmitter or the system may determine the complex sequence to be used according to the probability that the real part of each element of the complex sequence takes a different value and the probability that the imaginary part of each element takes a different value.

If the real part of each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0, the probability is P_r＝0The probability that the imaginary part of each element takes a value of 0 is P_i＝0Wherein, 0 < P_r＝0＜1，0＜P_i＝0< 1, then the probability P of each element of the complex sequence taking the value 0, P_r＝0*P_i＝0. Thus, the probability P of 0 being taken by the real part of each element of the complex sequence_r＝0And the probability P that the imaginary part of each element takes a value of 0_i＝0To satisfy the probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0.

For example, values of a real part and an imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence are both from a ternary real number set { -1,0,1}, probabilities of the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence taking different values are {1/4,1/2,1/4}, and probabilities of the imaginary part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence taking different values are {1/4,1/2,1/4}, so that the probability P of each element of the complex sequence taking a value of 0 is 1/4, the probabilities of taking values of 1, j, -1, -j are 1/8, and the probabilities of taking values of 1+ j, -1-j, and 1-j are 1/16.

Probability (including P) that the real part and imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take different values_r＝0、P_i＝0) The probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0 may be determined according to a system fixed configuration, or according to a configuration signaling sent by the system, or determined by the system according to a first preset rule, or determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule, or determined according to a system fixed configuration, or determined according to a configuration signaling sent by the system, or determined by the system according to a first preset rule, or determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule.

Specifically, the transmitter determines the complex sequence to be used, and the specific determination method may include:

(1) determining a complex sequence to be used by adopting a random generation mode; for example, the values of the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence are both from the ternary real number set { -1,0,1}, and the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take different values is determined according to the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take different values (wherein the probability that the real part takes a value of 0 is P_r＝0The probability of the imaginary part taking the value 0 is P_i＝0) The transmitter generates a real part and an imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence that the transmitter needs to use through its random sequence generator, so as to obtain the complex sequence that needs to be used, for example, the probability that the real part of each element of the complex sequence takes different values is {1/4,1/2,1/4} and the probability that the imaginary part takes different values is {1/4,1/2,1/4}, respectively, and the value range (0,1) is divided into 3 value intervals: (0,0.25), (0.5,0.75), (0.75,1), that is 1/4 with the 1 st and 3 rd value intervals as the value range (0,1), and the 2 nd value interval is 1/2 with the value range (0,1), then, for the real part of each element of the complex sequence, generating L random numbers in the range of (0,1) by a random number generator, wherein if the random numbers are in the value interval (0,0.25), the real part of the corresponding element is-1, and if the random numbers are in the value interval (0.5,0.75), the corresponding element corresponds to the real part of the corresponding element, and if the random numbers are in the value interval (0.5,0.75)The real part of the element is 0, if the random number is located in the value range (0.75,1), the real part of the corresponding element is 1, and similarly, for the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence, L random numbers within the range (0,1) are generated by the random number generator, wherein if the random number is located in the value range (0,0.25), the imaginary part of the corresponding element is-1, if the random number is located in the value range (0.5,0.75), the imaginary part of the corresponding element is 0, and if the random number is located in the value range (0.75,1), the imaginary part of the corresponding element is 1, and then the complex sequence to be used can be determined according to the real part and the imaginary part of the L elements. Or,

(2) determining a complex sequence to be used according to the transmitter identification information; for example, the values of the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence are both from a ternary real number set { -1,0,1}, the transmitter determines the initial state of the random sequence generator according to the identification information such as the number, the identification code, the position, the network address and the like of the transmitter according to the preset rule of the system, and the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take different values is determined according to the probability (wherein the probability that the real part takes the value of 0 is P)_r＝0The probability of the imaginary part taking the value 0 is P_i＝0) And randomly generating the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence to be used so as to obtain the complex sequence to be used. Or,

(3) determining a complex sequence to be used according to data transmission resources; for example, the values of the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence are both from a ternary real number set { -1,0,1}, the transmitter determines the initial state of its random sequence generator according to the used data transmission resource and the system preset rule, and the transmitter determines the probability of the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence taking different values according to the probability of the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence (wherein the probability of the real part taking the value of 0 is P_r＝0The probability of the imaginary part taking the value 0 is P_i＝0) And randomly generating the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence to be used so as to obtain the complex sequence to be used. Or,

(4) determining a complex sequence required to be used according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; for example, the system semi-statically or dynamically configures the complex sequence required to be used by the transmitter through signaling; in this way, the system can determine the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take different values according to a preset rule, and generate the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence according to the probability, so as to obtain the complex sequence and send the complex sequence to the transmitter; also, the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take a value of 0 may be set relatively high when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is small or the distribution of the positions, the distances, etc. is scattered, and the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take a value of 0 may be set relatively low when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is large or the distribution of the positions, the distances, etc. is concentrated.

Then, the transmitter uses the determined complex sequence to process the data symbol to be transmitted, and generates a data symbol sequence; the specific processing method is similar to the embodiment and is not described in detail.

Finally, the transmitter transmits the generated data symbol sequence; the specific sending method is similar to the embodiment and is not described again.

EXAMPLE III

As a preferable aspect of this embodiment, the complex set may further form a plurality of subsets, each subset includes one or more complex values, and the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking a value from a different subset is different; for example, the complex number set constitutes 3 subsets, which are {0}, {1, j, -1, -j }, and {1+ j, -1+ j, -1-j,1-j }, respectively, each element of the complex number sequence has a probability of taking a value from the 1 st subset of 1/4, a probability of taking a value from the 2 nd subset of 1/2, and a probability of taking a value from the 3 rd subset of 1/4, or each element of the complex number sequence has a probability of taking a value of 0 in the 1 st subset of 1/4, probabilities of taking 1, j, -1, -j in the 2 nd subset of 1/8, and probabilities of taking 1+ j, -1+ j, -1-j, and 1-j in the 3 rd subset of 1/16.

The probability of each element of the complex sequence taking a value from a different subset (including the probability P taking a value of 0) may be configured fixedly by the system, or configured by a signaling sent by the system, or determined by the system according to a first preset rule, or determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule.

Then, when the transmitter or the system determines the complex sequence to be used, the complex sequence to be used may be determined according to the probability that each element of the complex sequence takes values from different subsets.

One implementation is that the subset to which each element of the complex sequence belongs and the specific value of each element are determined according to the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking values from different subsets; for example, the probability of taking the value of each element of the complex sequence from the 1 st subset is 1/4, the probability of taking the value from the 2 nd subset is 1/2, the probability of taking the value from the 3 rd subset is 1/4, the subset to which the element belongs is determined, the specific value of each element is determined, if the element takes the value from the 1 st subset, the element takes the value of 0, if the element takes the value from the 2 nd subset uniformly, the probabilities of taking the values of 1, j, -1, -j are 1/4, similarly, if the element takes the value from the 3 rd subset uniformly, the probabilities of taking the values of 1+ j, -1-j,1-j are 1/4, which is equivalent to that, the probability of taking the value of 0 of each element of the complex sequence is 1/4, the probabilities of taking the values of 1, j, -1, The probabilities of-j are (1/2) × (1/4) ═ 1/8, and the probabilities of 1+ j, -1-j, and 1-j are (1/4) × (1/4) ═ 1/16.

In another implementation, the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take different values is determined according to the probability that each element of the complex sequence takes values from different subsets, and the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence are determined, so as to determine each element of the complex sequence; for example, the probability of each element of the complex sequence being 0 is 1/4, the probabilities of each element being 1, j, -1, -j are 1/8, and the probabilities of each element being 1+ j, -1-j,1-j are 1/16, then the probabilities of the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence being-1, 0, and 1 are 1/4,1/2, and 1/4, respectively, and the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence can be determined according to the probabilities, thereby obtaining each element of the complex sequence.

Of course, the probability that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0 and takes other values or the probability that each element of the complex sequence takes values from different subsets may also be determined according to the probability that the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence take different values, and used to determine each element of the complex sequence, as described in embodiment two.

(1) determining a complex sequence to be used by adopting a random generation mode; for example, according to the probability that each element of the complex sequence takes values from different subsets, the transmitter generates, by its random sequence generator, the index or the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence that it needs to use, thereby obtaining the complex sequence that needs to be used. Or,

(2) determining a complex sequence to be used according to the transmitter identification information; for example, the transmitter determines the initial state of the random sequence generator according to the system preset rule based on the identification information such as the serial number, the identification code, the location information, the network address, and the like, and randomly generates the index or the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence to be used according to the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking values from different subsets, thereby obtaining the complex sequence to be used. Or,

(3) determining a complex sequence to be used according to data transmission resources; for example, the transmitter determines an initial state of its random sequence generator according to a preset rule of the system according to the used data transmission resource, and randomly generates an index or a real part and an imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence to be used according to the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking values from different subsets, thereby obtaining the complex sequence to be used. Or,

(4) determining a complex sequence required to be used according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; for example, the system semi-statically or dynamically configures the complex sequence required to be used by the transmitter through signaling; in this way, the system can determine the probability of the value of each element of the complex sequence from different subsets according to a preset rule, and generate the index or the real part and the imaginary part of each element of the complex sequence according to the probability, so as to obtain the complex sequence and send the complex sequence to the transmitter; moreover, the probability of taking a value from the subset including 0 for each element of the complex sequence may be set relatively high when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is small or the distribution of positions, distances, and the like is dispersed, and the probability of taking a value from the subset including 0 for each element of the complex sequence may be set relatively low when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is large or the distribution of positions, distances, and the like is concentrated.

Example four

each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set {0,1+ j, -1+ j, -1-j,1-j } comprising 5 complex values, one of the 5 complex values being 0, and each element of the complex sequence having a probability of taking the value 0 as P, where 0 < P < 1.

It can be seen that the values of the real part and the imaginary part of the non-zero values (i.e. 1+ j, -1-j, 1-j) in the 5 complex values included in the complex set are both from the binary real number set { -1,1}, and then the complex set can be represented as a two-dimensional complex constellation diagram including 5 constellation points, as shown in fig. 5, where the complex value corresponding to each constellation point is labeled.

The probability P that each element of the complex sequence takes a value of 0 may be fixedly configured by the system, or configured by signaling sent by the system, or determined by the system according to a first preset rule, or determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule.

As a preferable case of the present embodiment, the probability P that each element of the complex number sequence takes a 0 value is greater than or equal to 1/5; when the probability P is equal to 1/5, if the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking the other 4 values is uniformly distributed, then the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking the 0 value and the probability of taking the other 4 values are the same, both 1/5; when the probability P is greater than 1/5, for example, let the probability P equal to 1/3, if the probabilities of each element of the complex sequence taking the other 4 values are uniformly distributed, then the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking 0 value is 1/3, and the probabilities of taking the other 4 values are 1/6, or let the probability P equal to 1/2, if the probabilities of each element of the complex sequence taking the other 4 values are uniformly distributed, then the probability of each element of the complex sequence taking 0 value is 1/2, and the probabilities of taking the other 4 values are 1/8.

The transmitter determines the complex sequence to be used, and the specific determination method is similar to the embodiment and is not described again.

EXAMPLE five

each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set {0,1, j, -1, -j } comprising 5 complex values, one of the 5 complex values being 0, and each element of the complex sequence having a probability of taking the value 0 as P, where 0 < P < 1.

It can be seen that, the values of the real part and the imaginary part of the 5 complex values included in the complex number set are both from the ternary real number set { -1,0,1}, and at least one of the values of the real part and the imaginary part is 0: the values of the real part and the imaginary part are both 0, namely the 0 th constellation point represents 0; the values of the real part and the imaginary part are 0, namely other four constellation points represent 1, j, -1 and-j. The complex set can be represented as a two-dimensional complex constellation comprising 5 constellation points, as shown in fig. 6, where the complex value corresponding to each constellation point is marked.

EXAMPLE six

each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set {0,1,1+ j, j, -1+ j, -1, -1-j, -j,1-j } comprising 9 complex values, one of the 9 complex values being 0, and the ratio of 0 elements in the complex sequence being R, wherein 0 ≦ R ≦ (L-1)/L.

The ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence may be configured fixedly by the system, or configured by signaling sent by the system, or determined by the system according to a first preset rule (for example, the system adjusts the ratio R according to the number of access users), or determined by the transmitter according to a second preset rule (for example, the transmitter randomly generates the ratio R).

As a preferred aspect of this embodiment, the ratio R of 0 elements in the plural series satisfies 1/L. ltoreq.R.ltoreq.L-1/L; for example, assuming that the length L of the complex sequence is 4, the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence satisfies 1/4 ≦ R ≦ 3/4, i.e., there are at least 10 and at most 30 in the complex sequence, then the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence may take the value of 1/4,1/2, or 3/4; or, assuming that the length L of the complex sequence is 8, the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence satisfies 1/8 ≦ P ≦ 7/8, i.e., at least 10 and at most 7 0 in the complex sequence, then the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence may take on the value of 1/8, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, or 7/8.

It should be noted that the above description is a preferable case of the embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention does not exclude a case where the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is 0.

(1) determining a complex sequence to be used by adopting a random generation mode; for example, according to the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence, the transmitter generates the complex sequence that needs to be used by the transmitter through its random sequence generator, for example, randomly selects L × R elements, makes the values of these elements 0, and then randomly generates other non-zero elements. Or,

(2) determining a complex sequence to be used according to the transmitter identification information; for example, the transmitter determines the initial state of its random sequence generator according to the system preset rule based on its identification information such as its number, identification code, location information, network address, etc., and randomly generates the complex sequence to be used according to the proportion R of 0 element in the complex sequence. Or,

(3) determining a complex sequence to be used according to data transmission resources; for example, the transmitter determines the initial state of its random sequence generator according to the used data transmission resource and the preset rule of the system, and randomly generates the complex sequence to be used according to the proportion R of 0 element in the complex sequence.

(4) Determining a complex sequence required to be used according to the fixed configuration of the system; for example, the system is fixedly configured with a complex sequence used by a transmitter, and the transmitter determines the complex sequence to be used according to the configuration; in this way, the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is configured system-fixedly. Or,

(5) determining a complex sequence required to be used according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; for example, the system configures the complex sequence that the transmitter needs to use semi-statically or dynamically through signaling, in this way, the system may determine the ratio R of 0 element in the complex sequence according to a preset rule, and configure the complex sequence according to the ratio, and send the complex sequence to the transmitter, for example, when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is small or the distribution of positions, distances, and the like is scattered, a relatively high ratio R is adopted, and when the number of terminal transmitters of the access system is large or the distribution of positions, distances, and the like is concentrated, a relatively low ratio R is adopted. Or,

(6) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set by adopting a random selection mode; for example, the ratio of 0 elements of each complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set is R, and the transmitter generates an index through its random number generator, and determines the complex sequence to be used from the preset complex sequence set according to the index. Or,

(7) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to the identity identification information of the transmitter; for example, the ratio of 0 element of each complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set is R, the transmitter determines the index of the complex sequence used by the transmitter according to the identification information such as the number, the identification code, the location information, the network address and the like of the transmitter, and determines the complex sequence required to be used by the transmitter from the preset complex sequence set according to the index. Or,

(8) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to data transmission resources; for example, the transmitter determines a preset complex sequence set according to an association relationship between the data transmission resource and the complex sequence set, where the ratio of 0 element of each complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set is R, and then determines a complex sequence to be used from the preset complex sequence set, where the association relationship between the data transmission resource and the complex sequence set may be fixedly configured by the system, or configured by the system through signaling, or implicitly indicated by the system. Or,

(9) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a data symbol to be transmitted; for example, the ratio of 0 element of each complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set is R, and the transmitter determines, as the complex sequence to be used, the complex sequence corresponding to the data symbol to be transmitted from the preset complex sequence set according to the correspondence between the data symbol and the complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set, where the correspondence between the data symbol and the complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set may be preset by a system, configured by a system through signaling, or implicitly indicated by the system. Or,

(10) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a system fixed configuration; for example, the system fixedly configures an index of a complex sequence used by the transmitter, and the transmitter determines the complex sequence required to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to the index; in this way, the ratio of 0 elements of the complex sequence corresponding to the sequence index of the system fixed configuration may be R, or the ratio of 0 elements of each complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set may be R. Or,

(11) determining a complex sequence to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to a configuration signaling sent by a system; for example, the system semi-statically or dynamically configures an index of a complex sequence used by the transmitter through signaling, and the transmitter determines the complex sequence required to be used from a preset complex sequence set according to the index; in this way, the ratio of 0 elements of the complex sequence indicated by the system through signaling may be R, or the ratio of 0 elements of each complex sequence in the preset complex sequence set may be R.

The preset complex sequence set can be determined in any one of the following manners:

(1) the transmitter is determined according to the fixed configuration of the system; for example, the system presets or fixes the set of complex sequences used by the transmitter; or,

(2) the transmitter is determined according to a signaling sent by the system; for example, the system semi-statically or dynamically configures the set of complex sequences used by the transmitter through signaling; or,

(3) the transmitter is determined from the Q complex sequence sets according to the system fixed configuration; for example, the system fixes the index of the set of complex sequences that the transmitter is configured to use; or,

(4) the transmitter determines from Q complex sequence sets according to a signaling sent by a system; for example, the system semi-statically or dynamically configures the index of the set of complex sequences used by the transmitter by signaling; or,

(5) the transmitter determines from the Q complex sequence sets according to the transmitter identification information; for example, the transmitter determines the index of the complex sequence set used by the transmitter according to the identification information such as the number, the identification code, the location information, the network address and the like of the transmitter; or,

(6) the transmitter determines from the Q sets of complex sequences according to the data transmission resources; for example, the transmitter determines a preset complex sequence set associated with the used data transmission resource according to the association relationship between the data transmission resource and the complex sequence set; or,

(7) the transmitter determines from the set of Q complex sequences according to the proportion R of 0 elements of the complex sequences to be used; for example, the system determines Q complex sequence sets in advance, the proportion of 0 element of the complex sequence in each complex sequence set is different, and the transmitter selects a complex sequence set with the closest proportion or the same proportion from the Q complex sequence sets as a preset complex sequence set according to the proportion R of 0 element of the complex sequence to be used;

the Q complex sequence sets may be preset by the system or configured by the system through signaling, and Q is an integer greater than 1.

In addition, as a preferable case in the present embodiment, a cross-correlation coefficient between any two complex sequences in the preset complex sequence set is less than or equal to a preset cross-correlation coefficient, where the preset cross-correlation coefficient may be preset by a system or configured by signaling; according to the preferred case, the system may preset or configure the complex sequence set satisfying the condition through signaling, or the transmitter determines the complex sequence set satisfying the condition according to the preset cross-correlation coefficient preset by the system or configured by the system through signaling, or the Q complex sequence sets preset by the system or configured by the system through signaling all satisfy the condition for being selected by the transmitter.

Then, the transmitter uses the determined complex sequence to process the data symbol to be transmitted, and generates a data symbol sequence; the specific processing method is as described in the first embodiment, and is not described again.

Finally, the transmitter transmits the generated data symbol sequence; the specific transmission method is as described in the first embodiment, and is not described again.

Another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a receiver, and as shown in fig. 7, the method includes:

step 201, receiving signals transmitted by K transmitters, where K is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Specifically, the signals transmitted by the K transmitters are signals respectively formed and transmitted by the K transmitters on the same data transmission resource.

Step 202, determining the receiving detector to be used according to the complex sequence used by the K transmitters.

Specifically, the reception detector to be used is determined from reception detectors supported by the receiver based on the ratio of 0 in the complex sequence used by the K transmitters.

Specifically, the receiver-supported reception detector includes at least one of:

a Serial Interference Cancellation (SIC) receiving detector;

a Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) reception detector;

a Message Passing Algorithm (MPA) reception detector;

a Maximum Likelihood (ML) reception detector.

And step 203, using the determined receiving detector to perform receiving detection on the received signals, and acquiring data sent by the K transmitters.

Another data transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, first receiving signals transmitted by K transmitters, where K is an integer greater than or equal to 1; then determining a receiving detector to be used according to the complex sequence used by the K transmitters; and finally, carrying out receiving detection on the received signals by using the determined receiving detector to acquire data sent by the K transmitters. Compared with the prior art that the receiver uses a fixed receiving detector to detect the signal sent by the transmitter, the receiver in the embodiment of the invention selects a proper receiving detector according to the complex sequence used by the transmitter, so that the receiving detection complexity of the receiver can be effectively controlled.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides another data transmission device 20, where the data transmission device 20 is disposed in a receiver, and the receiver in the embodiment of the present invention may be a base station receiver, a terminal receiver, or another type of receiver, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 8, the data transmission device 20 includes:

the receiving module 21 is configured to receive signals transmitted by K transmitters, where K is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

A determining module 22, configured to determine a receiving detector to be used according to the complex sequence used by the K transmitters;

and a detection module 23, configured to perform reception detection on the received signals by using the reception detector determined by the determination module 22, and acquire data sent by the K transmitters.

Further, the determining module 22 is specifically configured to:

the reception detector to be used is determined from reception detectors supported by the receiver based on the ratio of 0's in the complex sequence used by the K transmitters.

Further, the receiver-supported reception detector comprises at least one of:

a successive interference cancellation reception detector;

a parallel interference cancellation reception detector;

a message passing algorithm reception detector;

a maximum likelihood reception detector.

Another data transmission device provided in the embodiment of the present invention first receives signals transmitted by K transmitters, where K is an integer greater than or equal to 1; then determining a receiving detector to be used according to the complex sequence used by the K transmitters; and finally, carrying out receiving detection on the received signals by using the determined receiving detector to acquire data sent by the K transmitters. Compared with the prior art that the receiver uses a fixed receiving detector to detect the signal sent by the transmitter, the receiver in the embodiment of the invention selects a proper receiving detector according to the complex sequence used by the transmitter, so that the receiving detection complexity of the receiver can be effectively controlled.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions provided by the above embodiments of the present invention, the following describes in detail another data transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present invention through specific embodiments, where the receivers in the following embodiments are all provided with another data transmission device 20 provided by the above embodiments of the present invention, and it can be understood that: the transmitter in the various embodiments described below may implement the functionality of the data transmission device 20.

EXAMPLE seven

In this embodiment, K transmitters perform data transmission simultaneously on the same data transmission resource.

As a preferable aspect of this embodiment, each transmitter determines a complex sequence to be used, including: the complex sequence has a length L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set comprising N complex values (e.g., a complex set comprising 9 complex values {0,1,1+ j, j, -1+ j, -1, -1-j, -j,1-j }, or a complex set comprising 5 complex values {0,1+ j, -1+ j, -1-j,1-j }), one of the N complex values being 0, and each element of the complex sequence having a probability of 0 being P, where L is an integer greater than 1, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and 1/N < P < 1.

As another preferable aspect of this embodiment, each transmitter determines a complex sequence to be used, including: the complex sequence has a length L, each element of the complex sequence is from a complex set comprising N complex values (e.g., a complex set comprising 9 complex values {0,1,1+ j, j, -1+ j, -1, -1-j, -j,1-j }), or a complex set comprising 5 complex values {0,1+ j, -1+ j, -1-j,1-j }), one of the N complex values being 0, and a ratio of 0 elements in the complex sequence being R, wherein L is an integer greater than 1, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and 1/L ≦ R ≦ (L-1)/L. It should be noted that the above description is a preferable case of the embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention does not exclude a case where the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is 0.

Then, each transmitter processes the data symbol to be transmitted by using the determined complex sequence, generates a data symbol sequence and transmits the data symbol sequence.

The complex sequences used by the K transmitters have a non-orthogonal characteristic, but it is not excluded that the complex sequences used by two transmitters are orthogonal to each other.

The K transmitters simultaneously transmit data using the same data transmission resource (e.g., time-frequency resource), and after propagating through the wireless channel, the receiver receives the superimposed signal of the signals transmitted by the K transmitters.

When the receiver performs the receiving detection, since the K transmitters perform data transmission on the same data transmission resource, the receiver can detect the data sent by each transmitter by using an effective receiving detector (e.g., successive interference cancellation SIC) according to the complex sequence used by each transmitter.

Moreover, when the receiver supports multiple receiving detectors such as a serial interference cancellation SIC receiving detector, a parallel interference cancellation PIC receiving detector, a message passing algorithm MPA receiving detector, a maximum likelihood ML receiving detector and the like, the receiver can also determine the receiving detector needed to be used from the receiving detectors supported by the receiver according to the complex sequences used by the K transmitters, namely, the receiving detector needed to be used is determined from the receiving detectors supported by the receiver according to the proportion of 0 in the complex sequences used by the K transmitters, for example, when the proportion of 0 in the complex sequences used by the K transmitters is less than a preset value, the serial interference cancellation SIC receiving detector or the parallel interference cancellation PIC receiving detector is used, and when the proportion of 0 in the complex sequences used by the K transmitters is more than the preset value, the message passing algorithm MPA receiving detector or the maximum likelihood ML receiving detector is used, or, when the successive interference cancellation SIC receiving detector performs receiving detection by combining a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm, when the proportion of 0 in the complex sequences used by the K transmitters is smaller than a preset value, the complexity of the sequence is relatively high, and when the proportion of 0 in the complex sequences used by the K transmitters is larger than the preset value, the complexity of the sequence is reduced; then, the receiver performs reception detection on the received signal using the determined reception detector, and acquires data transmitted by each transmitter.

Because each element of the adopted complex sequence is from a complex set which comprises N complex values and one of the complex values is 0, K transmitters using the same data transmission resource can be effectively ensured to select a low-cross-correlation complex sequence to process and transmit a data symbol to be transmitted, thereby effectively controlling interference among multiple users and supporting higher number of access users; meanwhile, the receiving detection complexity of the receiver can be effectively controlled by controlling the probability P that each element in the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention can effectively control the interference among multiple users and effectively control the receiving and detecting complexity of the receiver, thereby effectively improving the performance of multi-user access communication and realizing multi-user overload access communication and/or multi-user scheduling-free access communication.

Finally, it is worth mentioning that, based on all the embodiments described above, when the scheme provided by the embodiments of the present invention is specifically applied, the scheme can be applied to an MC-CDMA system, a contention access scenario or a scheduling-free access scenario. The method is applied to the MC-CDMA system, and can effectively control the interference among multiple users and the complexity of receiving detection, thereby effectively improving the performance of multi-user access communication and realizing multi-user overload access communication; the method is applied to a competitive access scene, a plurality of or even a large number of user terminals can simultaneously request to access the system, and the system access efficiency can be effectively improved; the method is applied to a scheduling-free access scene, data transmission can be carried out when the user terminal needs to send data, a plurality of user terminals can simultaneously use the same data transmission resource for data transmission, system scheduling signaling can be reduced, terminal access time delay is reduced, and scheduling-free access and communication of the plurality of user terminals are realized.

The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when the actual implementation is performed. In addition, the modules shown or discussed may be connected to each other through interfaces, which may be electrical, mechanical or other. The respective modules may or may not be physically separated, and may or may not be physical units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment.

In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may be physically included alone, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware form, and can also be realized in a form of hardware and a software functional module.

The integrated module implemented in the form of a software functional unit may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The software functional module is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute some steps of the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of data transmission, comprising:

determining a complex sequence to be used, the complex sequence having a length L, each element of the complex sequence being from a complex set comprising N complex values and one of the N complex values being 0, each element of the complex sequence having a probability of 0P and 0 < P < 1 or a ratio of 0 elements in the complex sequence R and 0 ≦ R ≦ (L-1)/L, wherein L is an integer greater than 1 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

and transmitting the data symbol sequence.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the probability P of each element of the complex sequence being 0 is greater than or equal to 1/N; or the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to the probability that each element is other non-zero values of the N complex values.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the N complex values included in the complex number set form a plurality of subsets, each subset including one or more complex values, and wherein each element of the complex number sequence has a different probability of taking a value from a different subset.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio R of 0 elements in the complex number sequence satisfies 1/L.ltoreq.R.ltoreq.L-1/L.

5. The method of claim 1,

the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 or the proportion R of 0 elements in the complex sequence is determined according to a system fixed configuration; or,

6. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the complex sequence is not all 0.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of complex numbers comprises N complex values whose real and imaginary parts each have a value from a set of M real numbers; or, values of real parts and imaginary parts of non-zero values in the N complex values included in the complex set are both from the M-element real number set; wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the set of M-ary real numbers comprises:

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the complex sequence to be used comprises:

determining the complex sequence by adopting a random generation mode; or,

determining the complex sequence according to data transmission resources; or,

determining the complex sequence according to a system fixed configuration; or,

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the transmitter identification information comprises at least one of: the transmitter number, the transmitter identification code, the transmitter location information, and the transmitter network address.

11. The method of claim 9,

the preset complex sequence set is determined according to the system fixed configuration; or,

wherein Q is an integer of not less than 1.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein a cross-correlation coefficient between any two complex sequences in the predetermined set of complex sequences is less than or equal to a predetermined cross-correlation coefficient.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing the data symbols to be transmitted using the complex sequence comprises:

and mapping the data symbol to be sent into the complex sequence.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting the sequence of data symbols comprises:

15. A method of data transmission, comprising:

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the signals transmitted by the K transmitters are signals respectively formed and transmitted by the K transmitters on a same data transmission resource.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the required receive detectors based on the sequence of complex numbers used by the K transmitters comprises:

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the receiver-supported receive detectors comprise at least one of:

a successive interference cancellation reception detector;

a parallel interference cancellation reception detector;

a message passing algorithm reception detector;

a maximum likelihood reception detector.

19. A data transmission apparatus, comprising:

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to 1/N; or the probability P that each element of the complex sequence is 0 is greater than or equal to the probability that each element is other non-zero values of the N complex values.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the set of complex values comprises N complex values forming a plurality of subsets, each subset comprising one or more complex values, and wherein each element of the sequence of complex values has a different probability of being taken from a different subset.

22. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the ratio R of 0 elements in the sequence of plural numbers satisfies 1/L ≦ R ≦ (L-1)/L.

23. The apparatus of claim 19,

24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein each element of the complex sequence is not all 0.

25. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the set of complex numbers comprises N complex values having real and imaginary parts each derived from a set of M real numbers; or, values of real parts and imaginary parts of non-zero values in the N complex values included in the complex set are both from the M-element real number set; wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the set of M-ary real numbers comprises:

27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the determining module is specifically configured to:

determining the complex sequence by adopting a random generation mode; or,

determining the complex sequence according to data transmission resources; or,

determining the complex sequence according to a system fixed configuration; or,

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the transmitter identification information comprises at least one of: the transmitter number, the transmitter identification code, the transmitter location information, and the transmitter network address.

29. The apparatus of claim 27,

wherein Q is an integer of not less than 1.

30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein a cross-correlation coefficient between any two complex sequences in the predetermined set of complex sequences is less than or equal to a predetermined cross-correlation coefficient.

31. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:

32. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the sending module is specifically configured to:

33. A data transmission apparatus, comprising:

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the signals transmitted by the K transmitters are signals respectively formed and transmitted by the K transmitters on a same data transmission resource.

35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the determining module is specifically configured to:

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the receiver-supported receive detector comprises at least one of:

a successive interference cancellation reception detector;

a parallel interference cancellation reception detector;

a message passing algorithm reception detector;

a maximum likelihood reception detector.