CN106160688A - A kind of automatic gain control circuit based on photoconductive resistance - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于光敏电阻的自动增益控制电路，包括可控增益放大器、整流滤波电路、运放PI调节器及光电二极管驱动电路，所述输入信号经过可控增益放大器得到输出信号，输出信号经过整流滤波电路和运放PI调节器得到控制信号，再通过光电二极管驱动电路来调整可控增益放大器的增益，形成负反馈回路。所述可控增益放大器由反相电压跟随器及反相放大器构成，所述电阻R4作为反相放大器的反馈电阻，所述电阻R4为光敏电阻，本发明使用光敏电阻构成可控增益放大器，使增益连续可调，实现了输出信号幅值的准确控制。
The invention discloses an automatic gain control circuit based on a photosensitive resistor, which includes a controllable gain amplifier, a rectification filter circuit, an operational amplifier PI regulator and a photodiode drive circuit. The input signal is passed through the controllable gain amplifier to obtain an output signal, and the output The signal is passed through the rectification and filtering circuit and the PI regulator of the operational amplifier to obtain the control signal, and then the gain of the controllable gain amplifier is adjusted through the photodiode drive circuit to form a negative feedback loop. The controllable gain amplifier is composed of an inverting voltage follower and an inverting amplifier. The resistor R4 is used as the feedback resistor of the inverting amplifier. The resistor R4 is a photosensitive resistor. The present invention uses a photosensitive resistor to form a controllable gain amplifier, so that The gain is continuously adjustable, which realizes the accurate control of the output signal amplitude.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电气技术领域，具体涉及一种基于光敏电阻的自动增益控制电路。The invention relates to the field of electrical technology, in particular to an automatic gain control circuit based on a photosensitive resistor.
背景技术Background technique
在无线通信当中，由于外界各种因素的影响，如本身的信号发射功率不同、信号传播过程中的衰减和噪声的影响等，接收机接收到的信号强弱不一，往往差距很大。对于这些不同强度的信号，接收机就需要用到自动增益控制电路，目的是为了根据输入信号的强弱调整自身放大倍数，使始终输出一个适当幅值的信号，提供给接收机下一级处理，保证了接收机的稳定工作。In wireless communication, due to the influence of various external factors, such as different signal transmission power, attenuation in the signal propagation process and the influence of noise, the strength of the signal received by the receiver varies, often with a large gap. For these signals of different strengths, the receiver needs to use an automatic gain control circuit. The purpose is to adjust its own amplification factor according to the strength of the input signal, so that a signal with an appropriate amplitude is always output and provided to the receiver for next-level processing. , to ensure the stable operation of the receiver.
自动增益控制电路的实现可以分为软件实现和硬件实现，由于软件实现有延迟，纯硬件实现因为速度够快而广泛应用。自动增益控制电路由可控增益放大器和控制电压形成电路两部分组成。控制电压形成电路通常都是由检波器和低通滤波器组成。而可控增益放大器的实现方法则有很多，如采用模拟电子开关和电阻网络和运算放大器组成放大电路，通过模拟开关选择电阻来改变放大器的增益，但这样的电路增益不是连续可调，导致最终输出电压幅值不能精确控制；又如由晶体管或mos管搭成的差动电路，但这样的电路比较复杂，同时难以得知电路的实际放大倍数。The implementation of automatic gain control circuit can be divided into software implementation and hardware implementation. Because software implementation has delay, pure hardware implementation is widely used because of its fast enough speed. The automatic gain control circuit is composed of two parts: a controllable gain amplifier and a control voltage forming circuit. The control voltage forming circuit is usually composed of a detector and a low-pass filter. There are many ways to realize the controllable gain amplifier, such as using an analog electronic switch, a resistor network and an operational amplifier to form an amplifying circuit, and selecting a resistor through an analog switch to change the gain of the amplifier, but such a circuit gain is not continuously adjustable, resulting in the final The output voltage amplitude cannot be precisely controlled; another example is a differential circuit made of transistors or mos tubes, but such a circuit is relatively complicated, and it is difficult to know the actual magnification of the circuit.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术存在的缺点与不足，本发明提供一种基于光敏电阻的自动增益控制电路。In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic gain control circuit based on photoresistors.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种基于光敏电阻的自动增益控制电路，包括可控增益放大器、整流滤波电路、运放PI调节器及光电二极管驱动电路，所述输入信号经过可控增益放大器得到输出信号，输出信号经过整流滤波电路和运放PI调节器得到控制信号，再通过光电二极管驱动电路来调整可控增益放大器的增益，形成负反馈回路；An automatic gain control circuit based on a photoresistor, including a controllable gain amplifier, a rectification filter circuit, an operational amplifier PI regulator and a photodiode drive circuit, the input signal is passed through a controllable gain amplifier to obtain an output signal, and the output signal is rectified and filtered The circuit and the operational amplifier PI regulator get the control signal, and then adjust the gain of the controllable gain amplifier through the photodiode drive circuit to form a negative feedback loop;
所述可控增益放大器由反相电压跟随器及反相放大器构成，所述反相电压跟随器由运算放大器Q1、电阻R1及电阻R2构成，所述反相放大器由电阻R4、运算放大器Q2及电阻R3构成，所述电阻R4作为反馈电阻，所述电阻R4为光敏电阻；The controllable gain amplifier is composed of an inverting voltage follower and an inverting amplifier, the inverting voltage follower is composed of an operational amplifier Q1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, and the inverting amplifier is composed of a resistor R4, an operational amplifier Q2 and Composed of resistor R3, the resistor R4 is used as a feedback resistor, and the resistor R4 is a photosensitive resistor;
所述光电二极管驱动电路由电阻R13及光电二极管D3串联构成，所述电阻R13一端接控制信号，所述光电二极管D3一端接地；The photodiode driving circuit is composed of a resistor R13 and a photodiode D3 connected in series, one end of the resistor R13 is connected to a control signal, and one end of the photodiode D3 is grounded;
所述可控增益放大器中的光敏电阻R4与所述光电二极管驱动电路的光电二极管D3封装在一个黑暗空间，通过光电二极管D3光强的变化改变光敏电阻R4的阻值。The photoresistor R4 in the controllable gain amplifier and the photodiode D3 of the photodiode drive circuit are packaged in a dark space, and the resistance value of the photoresistor R4 is changed by changing the light intensity of the photodiode D3.
所述整流滤波电路由全波精密整流电路及电容C1构成，所述电容C1并联在全波精密整流滤波电路后级运算放大器Q4的反馈电阻R9两端。The rectification and filtering circuit is composed of a full-wave precision rectification circuit and a capacitor C1, and the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel to both ends of the feedback resistor R9 of the operational amplifier Q4 in the subsequent stage of the full-wave precision rectification and filtering circuit.
所述运放PI调节器由运算放大器Q5、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、电容C2及电容C3构成。The operational amplifier PI regulator is composed of an operational amplifier Q5, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R12, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1)本发明使用光敏电阻构成可控增益放大器，使增益连续可调，实现了输出信号幅值的准确控制。(1) The present invention uses a photoresistor to form a controllable gain amplifier, so that the gain can be continuously adjusted, and the accurate control of the output signal amplitude is realized.
(2)本发明可以根据采集运放PI调节器的输出获取可控增益放大器的实际放大倍数，实现更多功能。(2) The present invention can obtain the actual amplification factor of the controllable gain amplifier according to the output of the PI regulator of the acquisition operational amplifier, and realize more functions.
(3)本发明电路结构简单，原理容易理解，便于使用分立元器件去组成电路，电路参数易于调整。(3) The circuit structure of the present invention is simple, the principle is easy to understand, it is convenient to use discrete components to form the circuit, and the circuit parameters are easy to adjust.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的可控增益放大器的电路图；Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of controllable gain amplifier of the present invention;
图2是本发明的整流滤波电路图；Fig. 2 is a rectifying and filtering circuit diagram of the present invention;
图3是本发明的运放PI调节器的电路图；Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of operational amplifier PI regulator of the present invention;
图4是本发明的光电二极管驱动电路图。Fig. 4 is a photodiode driving circuit diagram of the present invention.
图5是本发明的总体连接框图。Fig. 5 is an overall connection block diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例及附图，对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例Example
如图5所示，一种基于光敏电阻的自动增益控制电路，包括可控增益放大器、整流滤波电路、运放PI调节器及光电二极管驱动电路，所述输入信号经过可控增益放大器得到输出信号，输出信号经过整流滤波电路和运放PI调节器得到控制信号，再通过光电二极管驱动电路来调整可控增益放大器的增益，形成负反馈回路；As shown in Figure 5, an automatic gain control circuit based on a photoresistor includes a controllable gain amplifier, a rectification filter circuit, an operational amplifier PI regulator and a photodiode drive circuit, and the input signal is obtained through a controllable gain amplifier. Output signal , the output signal is passed through the rectification and filtering circuit and the operational amplifier PI regulator to obtain the control signal, and then the gain of the controllable gain amplifier is adjusted through the photodiode drive circuit to form a negative feedback loop;
所述可控增益放大器由反相跟随器及反相放大器构成，所述反相跟随器由运算放大器Q1、电阻R1及电阻R2构成，所述反相放大器由电阻R4作为反馈电阻与运算放大器Q2及电阻R3构成，所述电阻R4为光敏电阻，而可控增益放大器的输出信号Uout送到后级处理器的AD通道处理。The controllable gain amplifier is composed of an inverting follower and an inverting amplifier, the inverting follower is composed of an operational amplifier Q1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, and the inverting amplifier is composed of a resistor R4 as a feedback resistor and an operational amplifier Q2 and resistor R3, the resistor R4 is a photosensitive resistor, and the output signal Uout of the controllable gain amplifier is sent to the AD channel of the post-processor for processing.
具体连接为：输入信号Uin经过电阻R1输入到运算放大器Q1的负端，所述运算放大器Q1的正端接地，所述运算放大器Q1的输出端与电阻R3的一端连接，所述电阻R3的另一端与运算放大器Q2的负端连接，所述运算放大器Q2的正端接地，所述电阻R2跨接在运算放大器Q1输出端与负端之间，所述电阻R4跨接在运算放大器Q2的输出端与负端之间。The specific connection is: the input signal Uin is input to the negative terminal of the operational amplifier Q1 through the resistor R1, the positive terminal of the operational amplifier Q1 is grounded, the output terminal of the operational amplifier Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R3 One end is connected to the negative terminal of the operational amplifier Q2, the positive terminal of the operational amplifier Q2 is grounded, the resistor R2 is connected between the output terminal of the operational amplifier Q1 and the negative terminal, and the resistor R4 is connected across the output of the operational amplifier Q2 terminal and negative terminal.
所述整流滤波电路包括全波精密整流电路及电容C1，所述电容C1并联在全波精密整流滤波电路后级运算放大器Q4的反馈电阻R9两端，可以得到输出信号Uf的幅值。The rectification and filtering circuit includes a full-wave precision rectification circuit and a capacitor C1. The capacitor C1 is connected in parallel to both ends of the feedback resistor R9 of the operational amplifier Q4 after the full-wave precision rectification and filtering circuit to obtain the amplitude of the output signal Uf.
所述运放PI调节器把滤波电路的输出信号和给定幅值电平进行比较做PI运算得到控制信号，同时运放PI调节器输出的控制信号送进后级处理器的AD通道，以获取可控增益放大器的实际放大倍数。The operational amplifier PI regulator compares the output signal of the filter circuit with a given amplitude level and performs PI operation to obtain a control signal, and simultaneously the control signal output by the operational amplifier PI regulator is sent to the AD channel of the post-processor to Get the actual amplification factor of the controllable gain amplifier.
所述光电二极管驱动电路由电阻R13及光电二极管串联构成，所述电阻R13一端接控制信号，所述光电二极管一端接地；The photodiode driving circuit is composed of a resistor R13 and a photodiode connected in series, one end of the resistor R13 is connected to a control signal, and one end of the photodiode is grounded;
所述光电二极管与电阻R4封装一起形成黑暗空间，通过光电二极管的光强改变光敏电阻的阻值。The photodiode is packaged together with the resistor R4 to form a dark space, and the resistance value of the photoresistor is changed by the light intensity of the photodiode.
本发明具体工作过程如下：Concrete work process of the present invention is as follows:
如图1所示，输入信号Uin经过反相电压跟随器和由光敏电阻R4作反馈电阻的反相放大器得到输出信号Uout；As shown in Figure 1, the input signal Uin passes through the inverting voltage follower and the inverting amplifier with the photoresistor R4 as the feedback resistor to obtain the output signal Uout;
如图2所示，输出信号Uout经过整流滤波电路得到输出信号的幅值Uf。其中该电路去掉电容C1就是一个全波精密整流电路，其中，R5＝R6＝R7＝R8/2＝R9/3.14。当Uout瞬时值大于0时，D1截止，D2导通，由R5、R6、Q3组成一个放大倍数为-1的反相放大器，得Um＝-Uout，而R7、R8、R9和Q4组成加法器，即输出Uf＝-1.57*(2*Um+Uout)，代入Um＝-Uout，得Uf＝1.57*Uout；当Uout瞬时值小于0时，D1导通，D2截止，Um＝0，由Uf＝-1.57*(2*Um+Uout)，得Uf＝-1.57*Uout，输出反相。因此该电路实现的是一个全波精密整流功能，同时乘以一个放大倍数1.57。而再加上电容C1就是加了一个截止频率为1/R9C1的低通滤波环节。由于精密整流后得到的信号其直流分量为原信号幅值除以1.57，因此，调整R9、C1的参数，使滤掉其交流分量，就可以刚好得到输出信号幅值的值。As shown in Figure 2, the output signal Uout passes through the rectification and filtering circuit to obtain the amplitude Uf of the output signal. The circuit is a full-wave precision rectification circuit without the capacitor C1, wherein, R5=R6=R7=R8/2=R9/3.14. When the instantaneous value of Uout is greater than 0, D1 is cut off, D2 is turned on, and R5, R6, and Q3 form an inverting amplifier with a magnification of -1, so that Um=-Uout, and R7, R8, R9, and Q4 form an adder , that is, output Uf=-1.57*(2*Um+Uout), substitute Um=-Uout, get Uf=1.57*Uout; when the instantaneous value of Uout is less than 0, D1 is on, D2 is off, Um=0, by Uf =-1.57*(2*Um+Uout), get Uf=-1.57*Uout, the output is inverted. Therefore, what this circuit realizes is a full-wave precision rectification function, and multiplies a magnification factor of 1.57 at the same time. The addition of capacitor C1 is to add a low-pass filter link with a cutoff frequency of 1/R 9 C 1 . Since the DC component of the signal obtained after precision rectification is the original signal amplitude divided by 1.57, the value of the output signal amplitude can be obtained by adjusting the parameters of R9 and C1 to filter out the AC component.
如图3所示，输出信号的幅值Uf和给定幅值电平Vref分别输出到典型运放PI调节器中，得到控制电压信号Uc。其中，当Uf大于Vref，Uc增大，当Uf小于Vref，Uc减小，直到Uf等于Vref。同时控制电压信号Uc送进后级处理器，根据驱动电阻R13、光电二极管的特性和光敏二极管的特性，可以获得控制电压信号Uc和光敏电阻阻值的对应关系，只要把其列表事先存在后级处理器中，就可以由Uc得到光敏电阻的值，从而得知可控增益放大器的实际放大倍数。As shown in Figure 3, the amplitude Uf of the output signal and the given amplitude level Vref are respectively output to a typical operational amplifier PI regulator to obtain the control voltage signal Uc. Among them, when Uf is greater than Vref, Uc increases, and when Uf is less than Vref, Uc decreases until Uf is equal to Vref. At the same time, the control voltage signal Uc is sent to the post-stage processor. According to the characteristics of the driving resistor R13, the photodiode and the photodiode, the corresponding relationship between the control voltage signal Uc and the resistance of the photoresistor can be obtained, as long as the list is stored in the post-stage In the processor, the value of the photoresistor can be obtained from Uc, so as to know the actual amplification factor of the controllable gain amplifier.
如图4所示，控制电压信号Uc经过电阻R13驱动发光二极管D3发光。其中，发光二极管D3要和说明书附图1中的光敏电阻R4封闭在一个黑暗空间中。Uc增大，发光二极管亮度增大，光敏电阻阻值减小，反之光敏电阻阻值增大。As shown in FIG. 4, the control voltage signal Uc drives the LED D3 to emit light through the resistor R13. Wherein, the light-emitting diode D3 should be enclosed in a dark space with the photoresistor R4 in the accompanying drawing 1 of the specification. As Uc increases, the brightness of the light-emitting diode increases, and the resistance of the photoresistor decreases, whereas the resistance of the photoresistor increases.
本发明输入信号经过可控增益放大器得到输出信号，输出信号经过整流滤波电路电路得到输出信号的幅值，再经过运放PI调节器与给定幅值电平比较做PI运算得到控制信号，然后驱动光电二极管发出不同的亮度以改变可控增益放大器中的光敏电阻的阻值，构成负反馈回路，最终使输出信号的幅值稳定在给定幅值电平不变，然后送进后级处理器的AD通道进行采集和处理。同时运放PI的输出也送进处理器的AD通道，通过事先存在处理器的数据查表可以得到可控增益放大器的实际放大倍数。The input signal of the present invention obtains the output signal through the controllable gain amplifier, and the output signal obtains the amplitude of the output signal through the rectification and filtering circuit circuit, and then compares the PI regulator of the operational amplifier with the given amplitude level to perform PI operation to obtain the control signal, and then Drive the photodiode to emit different brightness to change the resistance value of the photoresistor in the controllable gain amplifier to form a negative feedback loop, and finally stabilize the amplitude of the output signal at a given amplitude level, and then send it to the post-processing stage The AD channel of the device is collected and processed. At the same time, the output of the operational amplifier PI is also sent to the AD channel of the processor, and the actual amplification factor of the controllable gain amplifier can be obtained through the data look-up table of the processor in advance.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions and combinations made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention , simplification, all should be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN106788304A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳市冠旭电子股份有限公司 | A kind of automatic gain control circuit and audio frequency apparatus |
| CN108199695A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-06-22 | 北方通用电子集团有限公司 | IF AGC controls amplifier |
| CN110048738A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Saturation detection circuit and transceiver based on automatic gain management |
| CN111600605A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-28 | 济南浪潮高新科技投资发展有限公司 | Method and system for realizing DAC (digital-to-analog converter) output amplitude compensation of measurement and control board card |
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| CN111600605A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-28 | 济南浪潮高新科技投资发展有限公司 | Method and system for realizing DAC (digital-to-analog converter) output amplitude compensation of measurement and control board card |
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