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CN106146359A - α‑酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法及其在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用 - Google Patents

α‑酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法及其在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用 Download PDF

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CN106146359A
CN106146359A CN201610606375.1A CN201610606375A CN106146359A CN 106146359 A CN106146359 A CN 106146359A CN 201610606375 A CN201610606375 A CN 201610606375A CN 106146359 A CN106146359 A CN 106146359A
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reaction
add
amide
compounds
amides
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CN106146359B (zh
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赵军锋
胡隆
许泗林
赵振光
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Guangzhou Xinpeptide Biopharmaceutical Technology Co ltd
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Jiangxi Normal University
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/071910 priority patent/WO2018018863A1/zh
Priority to US16/311,747 priority patent/US10836707B2/en
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Priority to US16/894,435 priority patent/US11414375B2/en
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Abstract

本发明公开了α‑酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法及其在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用。温度为0~50℃条件下,在二氯甲烷中炔酰胺和羧酸发生加成反应得到α‑酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物;产物α‑酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物可以与胺类化合反应生成酰胺或者多肽;这两个反应可以分步进行,也可以“一锅”进行,“一锅”进行时不需从前一个反应中提纯产物α‑酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物而直接加入胺类化合物进行反应。其中,生成酰胺或者多肽的反应中,溶剂还可以是水,这为在水相中定点修饰和标记蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子提供了新的方法。本发明反应条件温和、无需金属催化剂,对于羧基α位有手性的羧酸在形成酰胺键或肽键时无消旋,且操作简单,应用范围广。

Description

α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法及其在酰胺和 多肽合成中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物的制备以及其在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用,尤其涉及一种在室温、无金属催化条件下高效制备α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物的方法,以及用α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物与一级或者二级胺类化合物反应(分步法或者一锅法)来合成酰胺或者多肽的方法。
背景技术
酰胺键是自然界中最为普遍的一种化学键,也是有机化学中非常重要的一类官能团。酰胺键不但广泛存在于各种功能材料、医药、农药等各类精细化工原料中,据报道,有四分之一的上市药物中含有酰胺键,有16%的有机反应涉及酰胺键的形成。酰胺键还是蛋白质的基本结构单元,在调节各种生命活动和生理过程中发挥着重要作用,如生物体内的各种酶蛋白,对生物体的生命活动具有非常重要的意义。酰胺键可以通过羧酸与一级胺或者二级胺脱水缩合形成,但这看似简单的反应却并没有那么容易发生。传统的合成酰胺的方法是通过活化羧酸来实现的,比如形成酰氯、酸酐或者其他的活化酯,然后通过与胺发生亲核取代反应来形成酰胺。在众多的偶联试剂和活化试剂中,大多存在偶联效率低、价格昂贵、易发生消旋等缺点,酰胺键的形成还面临很多问题。因此,绿色、原子经济地合成酰胺被遴选为21世纪有机合成的一个重大挑战(D.J.C.Constable,Green Chem.,2007,9,411)。近年来,随着有机小分子新药开发力度逐渐变缓慢,多肽和蛋白质类药物和诊断试剂等由于其毒副作用小等特点越来越受到重视,多肽也成为新药研发的一个重要来源。但是,多肽的价格还是非常昂贵的,这在某种程度上影响了其广泛应用。我们分析其昂贵的原因主要由于多肽合成中所使用的偶联试剂、反应溶剂、以及纯化成本等造成的,而其原料氨基酸是非常便宜的。所以我们迫切需要在偶联试剂、反应溶剂以及纯化方式上进行创新,这就要求有机合成化学家尽快开发出符合现代化工发展要求的、高效、温和、而且不易发生消旋的、低成本、原子经济地形成酰胺键和肽键的方法。虽然目前有不少酰胺键形成反应被开发出来,但是,从原料的来源及成本来看,羧酸和胺还是最理想的原料,因此,开发高效和原子经济的酰胺键缩合试剂仍然是解决目前酰胺键合成所面临问题的一个有效途径和重大挑战。
炔胺曾经被用作酰胺键缩合试剂,但由于炔胺难以合成,对水、空气等敏感,其与羧酸形成的中间体也不稳定、易水解,且在形成肽键时产生严重的消旋等问题,炔胺缩合试剂最终被放弃了(Viehe,H.G.,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1964,3,582;Arens,J.F.,Recl.Trav.Chim.Pays-Bas 1965,84,1344;Gais,H.-J.,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1978,17,597;Neuenschwander,M.,Helv.Chim.Acta 1978,61,2428;2437)。我们课题组研究发现羧酸与炔酰胺的加成产物α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物也是一种非常活泼的酯,它可以与胺发生高效的亲核反应来形成酰胺。与炔胺相比,炔酰胺在氮原子上引入了一个吸电子基团,大大增强了其热稳定性、降低了其对水和氧气的敏感度,提高了可操作性。更重要的是吸电子基团的引入大大降低了炔胺的碱性,也就意味着由碱性造成的手性酸消旋的问题将会得到控制。因此我们认为,炔酰胺将会是一种高效、实用的酰胺缩合试剂。
如果羧酸与炔酰胺的加成反应可以在温和简单的条件下进行,我们将能够顺利地开发一种以炔酰胺为缩合试剂的形成酰胺键的新方法。但是,目前与羧酸与炔酰胺的加成反应相关的报道仅有两例,而且其反应条件也都比较苛刻。2012年Lam课题组率先报道了通过钯催化下羧酸与炔酰胺的加成反应,首次解决了α-酰氧基烯酰胺构建时的区域选择性和立体选择性问题(Chem.Commun.2012,48,1505-1507),但是这个策略涉及到高温和贵金属钯的催化。2015年Bi课题组发现羧酸与炔酰胺的加成可以在无金属催化的条件下进行(GreenChemistry 2015,17,184-187),但反应要在100℃的高温下进行,有些在高温条件下不稳定的化合物不能用此方法制备。为了实现温和条件下炔酰胺介导的酰胺键形成方法,我们首先需要开发一种在温和条件通过羧酸与炔酰胺的加成反应来合成α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中羧酸与炔酰胺加成条件苛刻的问题和填补α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在形成酰胺键或肽键中的应用空白,提供一种α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法,以及α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用方法。
我们首先对羧酸与炔酰胺的加成反应进行了系统、深入的研究,发现该反应对溶剂非常敏感。室温、无金属催化条件下,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、1,4-二氧六环和四氢呋喃等溶剂中,基本上没有反应;在丙酮、乙腈、甲醇中,反应可以发生,但是比较慢;在卤代烃溶剂中反应效果最好,如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯甲烷和氯仿等溶剂中,反应在室温条件下1~2个小时即可完成,产物收率几乎可以达到100%。我们进一步的研究发现α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物是一种活化的酯,其可与一级或者二级胺顺利地在室温条件下发生反应来制备酰胺和多肽。羧酸与炔酰胺的加成反应与α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物的酰胺化反应可以分步进行,也可以通过“一锅法”来实现。我们还发现α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物与胺形成酰胺的这一步反应可以用水做溶剂,其反应速率要比在有机溶剂如二氯甲烷中快10倍以上,手性α酸也不发生消旋。因此,我们总结出本发明,它通过以下方式实现。
本发明的第一部分,α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在干净的反应管中加入0.2~2mmol炔酰胺和适量的二氯甲烷溶剂,再加入0.2~2mmol羧酸,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(2)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,将溶剂浓缩并经过柱层析得到纯的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物。
第(1)步的化学反应式为:
式中,1表示炔酰胺,2表示羧酸,3表示α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物;R1可以是氢、烷基、芳基、烷氧基、烷硫基等,EWG(吸电子基团)可以是烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基、芳酰基、烷酰基、硝基、腈基、膦酰基等,R2可以是烷基或芳基。
在该制备方法中,羧酸可以是脂肪酸、芳香酸(如荧光素酸、罗丹明酸)、杂环酸、炔酸、烯酸、α-氨基酸或β-氨基酸等羧酸。
在该制备方法中,炔酰胺和羧酸的摩尔比为0.1~10。
在该制备方法中,二氯甲烷作为溶剂,它可以用氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷等溶剂代替。溶剂的用量按常规用量,能使溶质完全溶解即可,即适量。
在该制备方法中,反应的最佳温度为25℃。
本发明的第二部分,α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用,它包括以下步骤:
(1)在干净的反应管中加入0.2~2mmol的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物和适量的二氯甲烷溶剂,再加入0.2~2mmol的胺类化合物,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(2)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到酰胺类化合物。
其中,第(1)步的化学反应式为:
式中,3表示α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物,4表示胺类化合物,5表示酰胺类化合物,6表示酰胺副产物;R1可以是氢、烷基、芳基、烷(芳)氧基、烷(芳)硫基等,EWG(吸电子基团)可以是烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基、芳酰基、烷酰基、硝基、腈基、膦酰基、磺酰亚胺等,R2可以是烷基或芳基,R3可以是烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基等,R4可以是氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团,R5可以是氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团。
在该应用方法中,胺类化合物可以是一级胺或二级胺,包括脂肪胺和芳香胺。
在该应用方法中,α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物与胺类化合物的比例为0.1~10。
在该应用方法中,二氯甲烷作为溶剂,它可以用水代替,或者用氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷等有机溶剂代替,或者用水与二甲亚砜的混合物、水与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物代替。溶剂的用量按常规用量,能使溶质完全溶解即可,即适量。
在该应用方法中,反应的最佳温度为35℃。
本发明的第三部分,直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法(一锅法),该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在干净的反应管中加入0.2~2mmol的羧酸和适量的二氯甲烷溶剂,再加入0.2~2mmol的炔酰胺,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(2)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,直接加入或者将上一步的溶剂除去后加水做溶剂之后加入0.2~2mmol的胺类化合物,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(3)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到酰胺类化合物。
其中,第(1)步与第(2)步的化学反应式为:
式中,1表示炔酰胺,2表示羧酸,3表示α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物,4表示胺类化合物,5表示酰胺类化合物,6表示酰胺副产物;R1可以是氢、烷基、芳基、烷(芳)氧基、烷(芳)硫基等,EWG(吸电子基团)可以是烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基、芳酰基、烷酰基、硝基、腈基、膦酰基、磺酰亚胺等,R2可以是烷基或芳基,R3可以是烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基等,R4可以是氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团,R5可以是氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团。
在该方法中,羧酸可以是脂肪酸、芳香酸(如荧光素酸、罗丹明酸)、杂环酸、炔酸、烯酸、α-氨基酸或β-氨基酸等羧酸。
在该方法中,羧酸、炔酰胺和胺类化合物的最佳比例为1:1.2:1.2。
在该方法中,第(1)步以二氯甲烷作为溶剂,它可以用氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷等有机溶剂代替;第(2)步的溶剂可以是二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷等有机溶剂,也可以是水,还可以是水与二甲亚砜的混合物或者水与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物。溶剂的用量按常规用量,能使溶质完全溶解即可,即适量。
在该方法中,第(1)步反应的最佳温度为25℃,第(2)步反应的最佳温度为35℃。
本发明的有益效果是:(1)实现了在室温、无金属催化条件下以简单的炔酰胺与羧酸合成α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物,使α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物的合成更加温和、直接和简洁,能更好地实现其潜在应用价值;(2)实现了以α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物与一、二级胺类化合物来合成酰胺键,尤其是天然α-氨基酸以及其他手性酸与炔酰胺形成的α-酰氧基烯酰胺,该方法不仅能够有效地控制合成过程中手性酸消旋的问题,而且使酰胺键和肽键的合成更简洁、高效;(3)实现了从简单的羧酸与胺类化合物利用炔酰胺做偶联试剂,以“一锅法”合成酰胺键,操作更加方便,具有广阔的工业应用前景;(4)α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物和胺类化合物的反应可以在水中进行,能避免有机溶剂的使用,可以极大地提高生产安全性并降低生产成本,同时也为在水相中定点修饰和标记蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子提供了新的方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例1~34来详细说明本发明所具有的有益效果,旨在帮助阅读者更好地理解本发明的实质,但不能对本发明的实施和保护范围构成任何限定。
第一部分,α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法的具体实施例,实施例1~18。实施例1
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),甲酸(2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在10摄氏度下,反应10分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.06(s,1H),7.71(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.33(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),4.83(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),4.73(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.01(s,3H),2.43(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ158.2,146.9,144.4,134.1,129.6,127.8,99.7,36.8,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C11H14NO4S(M+H)+:256.0644,found:256.0647.
实施例2
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),金刚烷甲酸(0.3mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在0摄氏度反应4小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.73(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.83(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.79(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),2.95(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),1.97(s,3H),1.75(d,J=2.5Hz,6H),1.70(d,J=12.4Hz,3H),1.63(d,J=12.1Hz,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ174.8,146.5,143.9,134.1,129.5,128.1,102.0,41.0,38.3,36.6,36.2,27.7,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C21H28NO4S(M+H)+:390.1739,found:390.1735.
实施例3
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.30mmol),对氯苯甲酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应6小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.73(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.02(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.83(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),3.10(s,3H),2.40(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.1,146.9,144.0,140.3,134.1,131.5,129.5,128.8,127.9,127.1,101.4,37.3,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C17H17ClNO4S(M+H)+:366.0567,found:366.0563.
实施例4
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),呋喃甲酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应30分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率98%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.54(s,1H),7.20(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),6.44(s,1H),4.94(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),4.75(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),2.99(s,3H),2.32(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ155.6,147.4,146.3,144.0,143.1,134.0,129.4,127.9,119.8,112.1,101.7,37.2,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C15H16NO5S(M+H)+:322.0749,found:322.0754.
实施例5
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(2.0mmol),1-甲基-3-吲唑甲酸(0.2mmol),加入适量氯仿作溶剂,在室温反应5小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.96(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=2.7Hz,2H),7.34–7.27(m,1H),7.21(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.08(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.90(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.18(s,3H),3.15(s,3H),2.33(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ159.8,146.5,143.8,141.0,134.4,133.1,129.4,128.0,127.0,123.7,123.5,122.0,109.6,101.6,37.2,36.5,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C19H20N3O4S(M+H)+:386.1175,found:386.1173.
实施例6
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(1.0mmol),1-苯并噻吩-3-羧酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在40摄氏度反应1小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率100%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.92(s,1H),7.86(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.76(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.50–7.41(m,2H),7.29–7.24(m,2H),5.09(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.92(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.12(s,3H),2.33(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ160.0,146.5,144.0,142.7,138.4,134.3,132.1,131.6,129.6,127.9,127.5,125.7,125.1,122.7,101.9,37.1,21.4ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C19H18NO4S2(M+H)+:388.0677,found:388.0676.
实施例7
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.80mmol),肉桂酸(0.2mmol),加入适量1,2-二氯乙烷作溶剂,在50摄氏度反应1小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.75(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.51–7.45(m,2H),7.44–7.38(m,3H),7.30(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.31(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.95(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.78(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.08(s,3H),2.36(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.1,147.0,146.9,144.0,134.5,133.9,130.8,129.5,129.0,128.3,128.0,116.3,101.1,37.2,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C19H20NO4S(M+H)+:358.1113,found:358.1110.
实施例8
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.80mmol),苯丙炔酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在0摄氏度反应10分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.76(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.62–7.55(m,2H),7.49(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.40(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.99(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),4.81(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),3.07(s,3H),2.39(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ151.0,146.4,144.1,134.1,133.1,131.1,129.6,128.6,128.0,119.0,101.8,89.4,79.5,37.2,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C19H18NO4S(M+H)+:356.0957,found:356.0955.
实施例9
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),N-苄氧羰基-L-丝氨酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在30摄氏度下反应30分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.71(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.36–7.32(m,7H),5.84(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.19–5.09(m,2H),4.87(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.46(dd,J=15.5,5.5Hz,2H),4.28–4.16(m,1H),3.85(dd,J=11.8,3.2Hz,1H),2.98(s,3H),2.43(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ168.2,156.2,147.0,144.6,136.1,132.0,129.6,128.5,128.1,128.0,127.3,100.5,67.1,62.6,56.3,38.0,21.6ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C21H25N2O7S(M+H)+:449.1382,found:449.1385.
实施例10
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),Fmoc-L-苏氨酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应40分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77–7.7(m,4H),7.64(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.32(d,J=7.9Hz,4H),5.84(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.89(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),4.61–4.51(m,1H),4.47–4.39(m,4H),4.26(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.99(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),1.30(d,J=6.4Hz,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ168.5,156.7,147.0,144.5,141.2,141.2,132.0,129.5,128.1,127.6,127.0,125.1,119.9,100.7,67.3,67.0,59.6,47.0,38.0,21.5,19.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C29H31N2O7S(M+H)+:551.1852,found:551.1856.
实施例11
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),N-苄氧羰基-L-色氨酸(0.24mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应30分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.28(s,1H),7.67(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.43–7.26(m,6H),7.23–7.18(m,3H),7.11(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),5.29(t,J=25.3Hz,1H),5.08(q,J=12.2Hz,2H),4.85(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),4.76–4.55(m,2H),3.47–3.12(m,2H),2.90(d,J=15.5Hz,3H),2.36(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ169.5,155.7,146.6,144.3,136.1,133.4,129.5,128.5,128.1,128.0,127.9,127.5,123.3,122.2,119.7,118.5,111.3,109.2,101.9,67.0,54.7,37.0,27.3,21.5ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C29H30N3O6S(M+H)+:548.1855,found:548.1856.
实施例12
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),N-叔丁氧羰基-L-苯丙氨酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应30分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.72(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.33–7.22(m,5H),7.15(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.92–4.87(m,2H),4.70(s,1H),4.53(dd,J=13.4,6.9Hz,1H),3.15–3.10(m,1H),3.03–2.90(m,4H),2.42(s,3H),1.40(s,9H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ169.6,155.0,146.6,144.3,135.7,133.7,129.6,129.4,128.6,128.1,127.2,101.8,80.1,54.4,37.6,37.0,28.3,21.6ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C24H31N2O6S(M+H)+:475.1903,found:475.1901.
实施例13
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺(0.20mmol),Boc-L-亮氨酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在20摄氏度反应40分钟,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.05(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.90(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),4.84(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),4.29(dd,J=13.4,8.7Hz,1H),3.08(s,3H),2.98(s,3H),1.78–1.50(m,3H),1.41(s,9H),0.97–0.92(m,6H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ171.3,155.4,145.6,100.7,80.2,52.2,40.5,37.5,35.6,28.2,24.8,22.8,21.6ppm;
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C15H29N2O6S(M+H)+:365.1746,found 365.1743.
实施例14
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-苯乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),苯甲酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应15小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率93%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.70(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.65–7.55(m,3H),7.43–7.37(m,4H),7.34–7.28(m,1H),7.02(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.35(s,1H),3.14(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),2.24(s,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.6,143.6,139.9,136.0,133.7,131.9,130.0,129.4,128.6,128.6,128.4,128.3,127.5,119.3,36.6,21.3ppm;
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C23H22NO4S(M+H)+:408.1270,found 408.1273.
实施例15
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-苯乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),苯甲酸(1.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在30摄氏度下反应10小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率83%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.70(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.65–7.55(m,3H),7.43–7.37(m,4H),7.34–7.28(m,1H),7.02(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.35(s,1H),3.14(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),2.24(s,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.6,143.6,139.9,136.0,133.7,131.9,130.0,129.4,128.6,128.5,128.4,128.3,127.5,119.3,36.6,21.3ppm;
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C23H22NO4S(M+H)+:408.1270,found 408.1271.
实施例16
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),苯甲酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应1.5小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86(dd,J=8.2,1.0Hz,2H),7.74(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.61–7.55(m,1H),7.41(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.28–7.23(m,2H),5.03(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.88(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.10(s,3H),2.38(s,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.0,146.8,144.0,134.3,133.7,130.1,129.5,128.6,128.4,127.9,101.7,37.1,21.5ppm;
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C17H18NO4S(M+H)+:332.0957,found 332.0956.
实施例17
在干净的25mL反应管中加入N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺(0.20mmol),苯甲酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应1.5小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(dd,J=8.3,1.2Hz,2H),7.68–7.60(m,1H),7.50(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),5.15(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),4.99(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),3.18(s,3H),3.03(s,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.2,146.1,134.1,130.1,128.8,128.3,100.3,37.7,36.0ppm;
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C11H14NO4S(M+H)+:256.0644,found 256.0645.
实施例18
在干净的25mL反应管中加入3-乙炔基-2-噁唑烷酮(1.20mmol),苯甲酸(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在10摄氏度反应12小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后将溶剂浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率53%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.16(dd,J=8.4,1.3Hz,2H),7.76–7.70(m,1H),7.60(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),5.05(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.81(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.40-4.36(m,2H),3.83-3.79(m,2H);
13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ165.2,155.4,137.6,134.1,132.1,128.8,128.6,116.3,63.1,44.7ppm;
HRMS(ESI)m/z calculated for C12H12NO4(M+H)+:234.0766found:234.0763.
第二部分,α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用的具体实施方式,实施例19~24。
实施例19
在干净的25mL反应管中加入α-乙酰氧烯基酰胺(0.20mmol),2-苯乙胺(0.3mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在30摄氏度下反应1.5小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后,有机层经过浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率98%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.27(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.21–7.16(m,3H),6.50(s,1H),3.45(dd,J=13.3,7.0Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.90(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.2,138.7,128.4,128.3,126.1,40.5,35.3,22.8ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C10H14NO(M+H)+:164.1075,found 164.1070.
实施例20
在干净的25mL反应管中加入1-(N-甲基对甲苯磺酰胺基)乙烯乙酸酯(0.20mmol),2-苯乙胺(2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在40摄氏度下反应,TLC点板检测,反应结束后,有机层经过浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率90%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J=6.5,2.9Hz,2H),7.37–7.29(m,5H),7.28–7.20(m,3H),6.35(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),5.85(s,1H),3.66(dd,J=13.0,6.8Hz,2H),2.89(t,J=6.9Hz,2H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ165.9,141.0,138.9,134.8,129.6,128.8,128.7,128.6,127.7,126.5,120.7,40.8,35.6ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C17H18NO(M+H)+:252.1388,found 252.1385.
实施例21
在干净的25mL反应管中加入1-(N-甲基对甲苯磺酰胺基)-乙烯苯丙烯酸酯(0.30mmol),2-苯乙胺(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在0摄氏度下反应4小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后,有机层经过浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.27–7.18(m,3H),5.94(s,1H),3.57(q,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.85(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.75(s,1H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ152.1,138.2,128.7,128.7,126.7,79.2,73.1,40.9,35.2ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd forC11H12NO(M+H)+:174.0919,found 174.0916.
实施例22
在干净的25mL反应管中加入1-(N-甲基对甲苯磺酰胺基)乙烯-苯并噻吩甲酸酯(1.0mmol),2-苯乙胺(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在50摄氏度下反应4小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后,有机层经过浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率98%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90–7.75(m,2H),7.68(s,1H),7.42–7.36(m,2H),7.34–7.30(m,2H),7.26–7.24(m,3H),6.26(s,1H),3.71(dd,J=13.0,6.8Hz,2H),2.94(t,J=6.9Hz,2H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ162.2,140.7,139.0,138.7,138.4,128.8,128.7,126.6,126.3,125.1,125.0,124.9,122.7,41.3,35.7ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C17H16NOS(M+H)+:282.0953,found 282.0950.
实施例23
在干净的25mL反应管中加入1-(N-甲基对甲苯磺酰胺基)乙烯对氯苯甲酸酯(0.20mmol),2-吗啉乙胺(0.2mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应5小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后,有机层经过浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率98%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.76–7.65(m,2H),7.44–7.35(m,2H),3.76–3.66(m,4H),3.52(dd,J=11.2,5.8Hz,2H),2.58(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.54–2.43(m,4H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ166.3,137.6,132.9,128.8,128.3,66.9,56.8,53.3,36.1ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd forC13H18ClN2O2(M+H)+:269.1057,found 269.1058.
实施例24
在干净的25mL反应管中加入1-(N-甲基-甲磺酰胺基)乙烯-N-苄氧羰基-色氨酸酯(0.2mmol),苏氨酸叔丁酯(0.4mmol),加入适量二氯甲烷作溶剂,在室温反应15小时,TLC点板检测,反应结束后,有机层经过浓缩并柱层析得到纯的产物,白色固体,收率97%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.29(s,1H),7.59(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.28–7.26(m,6H),7.14(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.05(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),6.88(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),5.66(s,1H),5.15–4.89(m,2H),4.59(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),4.40(dd,J=8.6,3.2Hz,1H),4.15–4.12(m,1H),3.24(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),2.86(s,1H),1.42(s,9H),1.04(d,J=5.3Hz,3H);
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.0,169.6,156.2,136.2,128.4,128.3,128.0,128.0,127.5,123.4,122.1,119.6,118.6,111.2,110.1,82.5,68.3,67.0,58.2,55.7,28.1,27.9,19.8ppm;
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C27H34N3O6(M+H)+:496.2448,found 496.24484;de:>99%.
我们对二肽形成过程中的消旋问题进行了深入的研究,我们以文献报道的容易消旋的丝氨酸为模版化合物,并且与目前较广泛应用的缩合试剂进行了对比,从表1的结果可以看到,我们的炔酰胺类缩合试剂如MYMsA和MYTsA不论是在有机溶剂中还是在水中,都没有观察到消旋的现象。相反,目前普遍使用的缩合试剂DCC、HATU、HBTU和PyBop都有很严重的消旋现象,这个结果显示了我们开发的新型缩合试剂炔酰胺在多肽合成中的优势。
表1.炔酰胺与常规缩合试剂在二肽合成中引起消旋的对比性研究
表中缩写:HBTU:苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;HATU:2-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;DCM:二氯甲烷;DIEA:N,N-二异丙基乙胺;DCC:环己基碳二亚胺;MYMsA:N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺;MYTsA:N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺;“-”:无任何添加剂;“de”:非对映选择性。
第三部分,直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法(一锅法),实施例25~34。
实施例25
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的1-金刚烷甲酸和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺,室温搅拌0.5h,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的叔丁胺,室温搅拌5小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为98%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.35(br s,1H),2.01(br s,3H),1.81-1.78(m,6H),1.73-1.64(m,6H),1.31(s,9H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ177.6,50.7,41.1,39.6,36.7,29.0,28.4ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C15H26NO(M+H)+:236.2014,found 236.2018.
实施例26
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的苯丙炔酸和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺,在0摄氏度下搅拌30分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.5mmol的四氢吡咯,室温搅拌0.5小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.41–7.32(m,3H),3.72(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.52(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.99–1.91(m,4H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ152.8,132.5,130.0,128.6,120.8,88.8,82.8,48.2,45.5,25.5,24.8ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C13H14NO(M+H)+:200.1075,found 200.1078.
实施例27
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的苯丙炔酸和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺,室温搅拌10分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的O-苄基羟胺,在40摄氏度下搅拌14小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为90%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.14(s,1H),7.49(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),7.45–7.24(m,8H),4.97(s,2H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ151.9,134.8,132.5,130.3,129.2,128.7,128.5,128.4,119.6,78.0,78.4,29.6ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C16H14NO2(M+H)+:252.1025,found 252.1028.
实施例28
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的苯丙炔酸和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,在0摄氏度下搅拌50分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的色胺,室温搅拌40分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为99%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.51(s,1H),7.59(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.47–7.40(m,2H),7.40–7.32(m,2H),7.30–7.26(m,2H),7.22–7.16(m,1H),7.14–7.08(m,1H),7.01(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.23(s,1H),3.66(dd,J=12.8,6.7Hz,2H),3.00(t,J=6.7Hz,2H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ153.5,136.4,132.4,129.9,128.4,127.1,122.3,122.0,120.0,119.3,118.5,112.1,111.4,84.7,83.0,40.1,25.0ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C19H17N2O(M+H)+:289.1341,found 289.1346.
实施例29
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的苯丙炔酸和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌10分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的二异丙基胺,在40摄氏度下搅拌14小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为76%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57–7.45(m,2H),7.41–7.29(m,3H),4.59(s,1H),3.70(s,1H),1.40(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,6H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ153.5,132.1,129.6,128.4,121.0,88.4,83.1,50.3,45.7,21.0,20.1ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C15H20NO(M+H)+:230.1545,found 230.1559.
实施例30
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的苯丙炔酸和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基对甲苯磺酰胺,室温搅拌10分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的乙醇胺,室温搅拌0.5小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为95%。以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52–7.46(m,2H),7.37(t,J=4.9Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),6.92(s,1H),3.75(s,2H),3.49(dd,J=10.5,5.5Hz,2H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ154.5,132.6,130.2,128.6,120.2,85.6,82.9,61.4,42.7ppm
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C11H12NO2(M+H)+:190.0868,found 190.0867.
实施例31
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌30分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,在35摄氏度下搅拌24小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为96%。
或者:在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌30分钟,TLC点板检测反应。反应结束后,将二氯甲烷溶剂抽干,然后加入适量水做溶剂,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,在35摄氏度下搅拌1.5小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为98%。
以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.76(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.07(t,J=8.3Hz,3H),6.89(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),5.99(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.66(dd,J=13.4,6.3Hz,1H),4.55(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.38(p,J=10.4Hz,2H),4.23(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.10–2.96(m,2H),2.90(dd,J=17.0,3.9Hz,1H),2.63(dd,J=16.7,5.9Hz,1H),1.45(s,9H),1.36(s,9H),1.29(s,9H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ171.0,169.9,169.9,155.9,154.3,143.6,141.2,130.9,129.9,127.7,127.0,125.0,124.0,119.9,82.2,81.8,78.2,67.3,54.0,51.0,47.0,37.4,37.4,28.7,28.0,27.8ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C40H51N2O8(M+H)+:687.3645,found 687.3650.de:>99%.
实施例32
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Fmoc-Trp(tBu)-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌50分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,室温搅拌23小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为97%。
或者:在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Fmoc-Trp(tBu)-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌50分钟,TLC点板检测反应。反应结束后,将二氯甲烷溶剂抽干,然后加入适量水与二甲亚砜1:1的混合物做溶剂,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,室温搅拌1小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为96%。
以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.14(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.57–7.49(m,3H),7.42–7.27(m,5H),7.25–7.21(m,1H),6.85(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.77(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.36(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),5.50(s,1H),4.55(dd,J=12.8,6.0Hz,2H),4.46–4.37(m,1H),4.37–4.29(m,1H),4.20(t,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.34–3.21(m,1H),3.14(dd,J=14.2,7.0Hz,1H),2.94(d,J=5.4Hz,2H),1.60(s,9H),1.30(s,9H),1.26(s,9H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.1,169.7,155.9,154.3,149.4,143.7,143.7,141.2,135.5,130.7,130.2,129.8,127.7,127.1,125.1,124.7,124.6,123.9,122.8,119.9,118.9,115.4,115.1,83.6,82.3,78.3,67.3,55.0,53.9,47.0,37.3,28.8,28.2,28.1,27.8ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C48H56N3O8(M+H)+:802.4067,found 802.4065.de:>99%.
实施例33
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Fmoc-Ser-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌45分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,35℃搅拌19小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为98%。
或者:在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Fmoc-Ser-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌45分钟,TLC点板检测反应。反应结束后,将二氯甲烷溶剂抽干,然后加入适量水与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1:1的混合物做溶剂,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,35℃搅拌1小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为98%。
以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.76(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.34–7.28(m,2H),7.04(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.95(s,1H),6.88(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.84(s,1H),4.70(dd,J=14.1,6.4Hz,1H),4.47–4.33(m,2H),4.22(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.01(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.64(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.29(s,1H),3.03(qd,J=14.1,6.4Hz,2H),1.39(s,9H),1.29(s,9H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,170.4,156.4,154.4,143.7,143.6,141.3,130.7,129.8,127.7,127.1,125.1,124.1,120.0,82.7,78.4,67.3,62.9,55.3,54.0,47.0,37.1,28.8,27.9ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C35H43N2O7(M+H)+:603.3070,found 603.3070.de:>99%.
实施例34
在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Z-Ser-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌40分钟,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,35℃搅拌10小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为98%。
或者:在一干净的25mL反应管中加入0.2mmol的Z-Ser-OH和适量的二氯甲烷,再加入0.22mmol的N-甲基-N-乙炔基甲磺酰胺,室温搅拌40分钟,TLC点板检测反应。反应结束后,将二氯甲烷溶剂抽干,然后加入适量水做溶剂,再加入0.22mmol的H-Tyr(tBu)-OtBu,35℃搅拌0.5小时,TLC点板检测反应,反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到纯的产物,白色固体,产率为96%。
以下是产物的结构式及核磁共振实验数据、质谱实验数据:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43–7.29(m,5H),7.04(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.96(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.92–6.85(m,2H),5.79(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.16–5.03(m,2H),4.69(dd,J=14.2,6.4Hz,1H),4.23(s,1H),4.08–3.92(m,1H),3.61(dt,J=11.5,6.9Hz,1H),3.24(s,1H),3.02(qd,J=14.0,6.4Hz,2H),1.39(s,9H),1.31(s,9H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,170.5,156.4,154.4,136.1,130.8,129.9,128.6,128.3,128.1,124.2,82.7,78.5,67.3,62.9,55.4,54.0,37.2,28.8,28.0ppm.
HRMS m/z(ESI)calcd for C28H39N2O7(M+H)+:515.2757,found 515.2759.de:>99%.
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (16)

1.一种α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在干净的反应管中加入0.2~2mmol炔酰胺和适量的二氯甲烷溶剂,再加入0.2~2mmol羧酸,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(2)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,将溶剂浓缩并经过柱层析或者重结晶即可得到纯的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物;
其中,第(1)步的化学反应式为:
式中,1表示炔酰胺,2表示羧酸,3表示α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物;R1选自氢、烷基、芳基、烷氧基、烷硫基等,EWG(吸电子基团)选自烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基、芳酰基、烷酰基、硝基、腈基、膦酰基等,R2选自烷基或芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的羧酸选自脂肪酸、芳香酸、杂环酸、炔酸、烯酸、α-氨基酸或β-氨基酸等羧酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的炔酰胺和羧酸的摩尔比为0.1~10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二氯甲烷溶剂用氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷等溶剂代替。
5.根据权利要求1所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物温和高效的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的温度为25℃。
6.α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)在干净的反应管中加入0.2~2mmol的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物和适量的二氯甲烷溶剂,再加入0.2~2mmol的胺类化合物,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(2)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到酰胺类化合物;
其中,第(1)步的化学反应式为:
式中,3表示α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物,4表示胺类化合物,5表示酰胺类化合物,6表示酰胺副产物;R1选自氢、烷基、芳基、烷(芳)氧基、烷(芳)硫基等,EWG(吸电子基团)选自烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基、芳酰基、烷酰基、硝基、腈基、膦酰基、磺酰亚胺等,R2选自烷基或芳基,R3选自烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基等,R4选自氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团,R5选自氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团。
7.根据权利要求6所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用,其特征在于:所述的胺类化合物是一级胺或二级胺,包括脂肪胺和芳香胺。
8.根据权利要求6所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用,其特征在于:所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物与胺类化合物的比例为0.1~10。
9.根据权利要求6所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用,其特征在于:所述的二氯甲烷溶剂用水代替,或者用氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷等有机溶剂代替,或者用水与二甲亚砜的混合物、水与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物代替。
10.根据权利要求6所述的α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物在酰胺和多肽合成中的应用,其特征在于:所述的温度为35℃。
11.直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在干净的反应管中加入0.2~2mmol的羧酸和适量的二氯甲烷溶剂,再加入0.2~2mmol的炔酰胺,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(2)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,直接加入或者将上一步的二氯甲烷溶剂除去后加水做溶剂之后加入0.2~2mmol的胺类化合物,在温度为0~50℃且不断搅拌条件下反应;
(3)TLC点板检测上一步反应,上一步反应结束后,经过柱层析色谱分离纯化,直接得到酰胺类化合物;
其中,第(1)步与第(2)步的化学反应式为:
式中,1表示炔酰胺,2表示羧酸,3表示α-酰氧基烯酰胺类化合物,4表示胺类化合物,5表示酰胺类化合物,6表示酰胺副产物;R1选自氢、烷基、芳基、烷(芳)氧基、烷(芳)硫基等,EWG(吸电子基团)选自烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基、芳酰基、烷酰基、硝基、腈基、膦酰基、磺酰亚胺等,R2选自烷基或芳基,R3选自烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基等,R4选自氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团,R5选自氢、脂肪族取代基团、芳香族取代基团。
12.根据权利要求11所述的直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法,其特征在于:所述的羧酸选自脂肪酸、芳香酸、杂环酸、炔酸、烯酸、α-氨基酸或β-氨基酸等羧酸。
13.根据权利要求11所述的直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法,其特征在于:所述的羧酸、炔酰胺和胺类化合物的比例为1:1.2:1.2。
14.根据权利要求11所述的直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法,其特征在于:所述的二氯甲烷溶剂用氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷等有机溶剂代替。
15.根据权利要求11所述的直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法,其特征在于:第(2)步中作为溶剂的水用水与二甲亚砜的混合物或者水与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合物代替。
16.根据权利要求11所述的直接以羧酸和胺类化合物为原料并利用炔酰胺介导来合成酰胺和多肽的方法,其特征在于:第(1)步的温度为25℃,第(2)步的温度为35℃。
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