CN106145914B - 一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结方法 - Google Patents
一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结方法。具体操作步骤如下:(1)生坯快速成型,将2‑5片生瓷片直接堆叠,真空包装,在等静压机进行层压,获得2‑5层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组;接着进行冲孔、用导体浆料填孔和印刷电路图形,获得待烧陶瓷生坯组;(2)制作待烧机构,由承烧板、待烧陶瓷生坯组和盖板组成中空的待烧机构;(3)将待烧机构进行分步去粘烧制;(4)按常规,致密化烧成低温共烧陶瓷电路基板,低温共烧陶瓷电路基板的总厚度≤0.5 mm。本发明的方法能有效的提高此类低温共烧陶瓷基板的成品率和生产效率,且获得的低温共烧陶瓷基板翘曲度低,能满足焊接、组装的应用要求。本发明的方法不受生瓷片种类的限制,适合大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于混合电路技术领域,具体涉及一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型烧结方法。
背景技术
低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic )技术自上世纪八十年代首次开发应用以来,凭借其小型化、高密度、高集成度、高可靠性等优势广泛应用于无线通讯、汽车电子、计算机、机载通信导航、雷达、卫星等领域。在众多的电路基板中,LTCC不仅具有陶瓷类优良的高频、高强度、耐高温耐高湿等特性,而且该工艺技术结合了传统印制板与厚薄膜技术的优点,能够实现电极材料、介质材料、无源元件等的一次性封装。
常见的低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)基板层数一般大于10层,厚度在1mm以上,对于低于5层生瓷片的LTCC基板的快速成型烧结的研究目前还未见报道。超薄型LTCC基板相对于多层基板来说,由于其厚度薄、共成型层数少,其烧结时对环境的差异性更加敏感,对温度、气流量等的要求更加苛刻,细微的温度与应力分布不同就会导致基板翘曲、图形偏移、扭曲等缺陷。特别是在大批量生产中,由于原材料、工艺批次性差异、炉温一致性等因素造成这种差异性更加明显,因此超薄型LTCC基板的烧结是其难点,也严重的阻碍了其在混合集成电路领域中的进一步推广应用。目前设计层数较少的基板由于烧结成型困难,常用的方法是通过增加几层多余的空白层来达到烧结的要求,这一方面不利于小型化、轻型化的发展要求,另一方面也会造成资源的浪费和成本的增加。同时,超薄型LTCC基板还可取代部分薄膜基板的应用,与薄膜工艺相比,LTCC工艺流程更加的简便,特别是对金属化孔的成型来说,LTCC工艺的机械冲孔比薄膜工艺中的激光打孔速度要快得多,孔金属化也要更加容易,同时使用LTCC工艺由于流程和周期相对较短,对于大批量生产来说,使用超薄型LTCC工艺比薄膜工艺更加高效快捷。
发明内容
为了解决超薄型LTCC基板成型、烧结困难的问题,本发明从改进现有常规成型工艺出发,结合烧结环境控制,提供了一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板快速成型及烧结的方法。
一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结的操作步骤如下:
待烧的生瓷片的材料为氧化钙-氧化硼-氧化硅微晶玻璃、堇青石微晶玻璃、氧化铝-玻璃中的一种,生瓷片的厚度为0.127mm,待烧的生瓷片上使用的填孔导体浆料、印刷导体浆料均为金(Au)浆或银(Ag)浆;
(1)生坯快速成型
将2-5片生瓷片直接堆叠,放入密封袋真空包装,在等静压机进行层压,获得2-5层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组;将2-5层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组进行冲孔、用填孔导体浆料填孔,在2-5层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组的顶面和底面分别用印刷导体浆料印刷电路图形,获得待烧陶瓷生坯组;
(2)制作待烧机构
将所述待烧陶瓷生坯组放置在承烧板上,并在待烧陶瓷生坯组外围的承烧板上均布设有两组以上的垫片,在两组以上的垫片上盖上一块承烧板作为盖板,由承烧板、待烧陶瓷生坯组和盖板形成中空的三层夹心结构,即得待烧机构;
(3)分步去粘烧制
将所述待烧机构放入排胶炉中进行两步排胶去粘;第一步排胶去粘的烧制温度为230-270℃,时间10-20min;第二步排胶去粘的烧制温度为430-470℃,时间10-20min;两步排胶去粘的升温速率均为2-5℃/min、气流量均为100-150 NL/min;获得烧结中间过渡体;
(4)按常规致密化烧制
将所述烧结中间过渡体升温至陶瓷生坯烧结温度,按常规控制升温速率和气流量,并保温直至获得致密的陶瓷基板;然后自然冷却降温,当温度低于630℃后,使用鼓风机辅助降温;当温度低于120℃后,取出烧结物,获得低温共烧陶瓷基板,低温共烧陶瓷基板的总厚度≤0.5 mm。
进一步限定的技术方案如下:
步骤(2)中所述承烧板为多孔二氧化硅板(SiO2)、多孔三氧化二铝板(Al2O3)、多孔氧化锆板(ZrO2),开孔率为50%-70%。
步骤(2)中在承烧板上设有四组垫片,四组垫片分别放在承烧板的四个角处;每组垫片由4-8块垫片上下重叠放置组成,且高度相同;每组垫片的高度高于待烧陶瓷生坯组的高度,高度差为0.2-0.3mm。
步骤(2)中所述垫片的材料与待烧的陶瓷生坯的材料相同,垫片为10-20mm的正方形。
步骤(4)中升温速率为6-10℃/min、气流量为200-300 NL/min、烧结温度为850-870℃、保温时间为10-20min。
本发明的有益技术效果体现在以下方面:
1. 本发明公开的超薄型LTCC基板的快速成型与烧结方法,能有效的提高此类LTCC基板的成品率和生产效率,且获得的LTCC基板翘曲度低于0.3%,能满足焊接、组装的应用要求。本发明公开的制备方法不受生瓷片种类的限制,且适合大批量生产。
2. 在超薄型LTCC坯体成型过程中,由于生瓷片层数少且单层生瓷片较薄,当介质层上印刷生瓷片后由于生瓷片中有机物质与浆料中的有机物相互溶解渗透,造成生瓷片产生局部变形,从而导致后续的烧结出现翘曲等问题。本发明改变传统的先印刷后叠层热压的方法,对于无中间图形的基板采用先叠层后印刷表面的方式,不仅能有效解决叠层前生瓷的变形、扭曲等缺陷问题,而且大幅缩短工艺流程时间,提高生产效率。
3. 在超薄型LTCC烧结中,考虑到LTCC层数少,匹配共烧困难,坯体周围环境对烧结影响大等因素,本发明借助上下承烧板加垫层的三明治结构,使得烧结过程中坯体上下表面温度、气体排出量、压缩空气流动性等环境状态更趋近于一致,从而有效的改善瓷片收缩匹配性,烧成后的LTCC翘曲度低,平整性高。本方法采用的垫片结构只需要生瓷边角废料即可,工艺简单,成本低。
附图说明
图1为本发明待烧机构的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1的得到的LTCC基板通孔剖视图。
图3为本发明得到的LTCC基板底面对角线方向台阶仪测试曲线图,图3中(a)实施例1生瓷片翘曲度;(b)实施例3生瓷片翘曲度。
图1中序号:盖板1、待烧陶瓷生坯组2、生瓷垫片3、承烧板4、垫板5。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步地说明。
实施例1:
一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结的具体操作步骤如下:
待烧的生瓷片的固相材料为氧化钙-氧化硼-氧化硅微晶玻璃,生瓷片的厚度为0.127mm,待烧的生瓷片上使用的填孔导体浆料、印刷导体浆料均为金(Au)浆。
(1)生坯快速成型
准备好2层生瓷片,将2层生瓷片堆叠在一起并放入密封袋真空包装,然后放入等静压机进行层压,温度75℃,压力3000PSI,保压时间15min;打开密封袋,获得2层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组;使用冲孔机对2层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组进行冲孔,然后用金(Au)浆进行孔填充,填孔压力:0.4MPa,速度4mm/s;填孔后进行干燥,温度为65℃,时间15min;再在2层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组的顶面和底面印刷电路图形,印刷压力:0.3MPa,网距:2mm,丝印速度:15mm/s,印刷后进行干燥,温度为65℃,时间15min,获得待烧陶瓷生坯组2;
(2)制作待烧机构
参见图1,将上述待烧陶瓷生坯组2置于矩形的承烧板4上,承烧板4为开孔率65%的多孔三氧化二铝(Al2O3)板,然后在承烧板4的四个角处垫上四层约10mm*10mm尺寸大小的生瓷垫片3;再在生瓷垫片3上加盖相同的承烧板作为盖板1,由承烧板4、2层堆叠的陶瓷(LTCC)生坯组2和盖板1形成中空的三层夹心结构,即得到待烧机构,见图1;最后将待烧机构置于垫板5上,放进烧结炉待烧。
(3)分步去粘烧制
将待烧机构放入排胶炉中进行两步排胶去粘,先以5℃/min的升温速率从室温加温至250℃,并在250℃保温15min;然后以5℃/min的升温速率从250℃加温至450℃,并在450℃保温15min,气流量120 NL/min;获得烧结中间过渡体。
(4)按常规致密化烧制
将去除有机物后的烧结中间过渡体在烧结炉中进行致密化烧结,以8℃/min的升温速率从450℃加温至850℃,保温12min、气流量200 NL/min,然后自然冷却降温,当温度降至630℃后,使用鼓风机辅助降温;当温度降至120℃后,取出,获得低温共烧陶瓷电路基板,低温共烧陶瓷电路基板的厚度为0.19mm、翘曲度为0.13%,见图3中(a);低温共烧陶瓷电路基板上通孔的剖视情况见图2。
实施例2:
一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结的具体操作步骤如下:
待烧的生瓷片的材料为氧化钙-氧化硼-氧化硅微晶玻璃,生瓷片的厚度为0.127mm,待烧的生瓷片上使用的填孔导体浆料、印刷导体浆料均为金(Au)浆。
(1)生坯快速成型
准备好4层生瓷片,将4层生瓷片堆叠在一起并放入密封袋真空包装,然后放入等静压机进行层压,温度75℃,压力3000PSI,保压时间15min;打开密封袋,获得4层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组;使用冲孔机对4层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组进行冲孔,然后用金(Au)浆进行孔填充,填孔压力:0.4MPa,速度4mm/s;填孔后进行干燥,温度为65℃,时间15min;再在4层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组的顶面和底面用印刷导体浆料印刷电路图形,印刷压力:0.3MPa,网距:2mm,丝印速度:15mm/s,印刷后进行干燥,温度为65℃,时间15min,获得待烧陶瓷生坯组;
(2)制作待烧机构
将上述待烧陶瓷生坯组置于矩形的承烧板上,承烧板为开孔率70%的多孔二氧化锆(ZrO2)板,然后在承烧板4的四个角处垫上六层约15mm*15mm尺寸大小的生瓷垫片;再在生瓷垫片上加盖相同的承烧板作为盖板,由承烧板、待烧陶瓷生坯组和盖板形成中空的三层夹心结构,即得到待烧机构;最后将待烧机构置于垫板上,放进烧结炉待烧。
(3)分步去粘烧制
将待烧机构放入排胶炉中进行两步排胶去粘,先以5℃/min的升温速率从室温加温至260℃,并在260℃保温20min;然后以5℃/min的升温速率从260℃加温至470℃,并在450℃保温20min,气流量150 NL/min;获得烧结中间过渡体。
(4)按常规致密化烧制
将去除有机物后的烧结中间过渡体在烧结炉中进行致密化烧结,以8℃/min的升温速率从470℃加温至870℃,保温15min、气流量200 NL/min,然后自然冷却降温,当温度降至630℃后,使用鼓风机辅助降温;当温度降至120℃后,取出,获得LTCC电路基板,LTCC电路基板的厚度为0.28mm、翘曲度为0.22%。
实施例3:
一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结的具体操作步骤如下:
待烧的生瓷片的固相材料为氧化铝-玻璃,生瓷片的厚度为0.127 mm,待烧的生瓷片中的填孔导体浆料、印刷导体浆料均为银(Ag)浆。
(1)生坯快速成型
准备好3层生瓷片,将三层瓷片使用冲孔机分别冲孔,然后进行孔填充,填孔压力:0.4MPa,速度4mm/s;在第二层生瓷上印刷图形,印刷压力:0.4MPa,网距:3mm,丝印速度:25mm/s;将三层生瓷片使用叠片机进行叠片,然后将叠片后的生坯用密封袋真空包装,再放入等静压机进行层压,温度75℃,压力3000PSI,保压时间12min;打开密封袋,获得3层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组,在3层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组的顶面和底面用银(Ag)浆分别印刷电路图形,印刷操作技术参数同上,获得待烧陶瓷生坯组。
(2)制作待烧机构
将3层堆叠的待烧陶瓷生坯组置于承烧板上,承烧板为开孔率60%的多孔三氧化二铝(Al2O3)板,然后在承烧板每个角垫上6层约15mm*15mm尺寸大小的生瓷垫片;再在垫片上加盖相同的承烧板作为盖板,由承烧板、待烧陶瓷生坯组和盖板形成中空的三层夹心结构,即得待烧机构;最后将待烧机构置于垫板上,放进烧结炉待烧。
(3)分步去粘烧制
将待烧机构放入排胶炉中进行两步排胶去粘,先以3℃/min的升温速率从室温加温至270℃,并在270℃保温15min;然后以3℃/min的升温速率从270℃加温至470℃,并在470℃下保温15min,气流量150 NL/min;获得烧结中间过渡体。
(4)按常规致密化烧制
将去除有机物后的烧结中间过渡体在烧结炉中进行致密化烧结,以6℃/min的升温速率从470℃加温至865℃,保温15min、气流量250 NL/min,然后自然冷却降温,当温度降至600℃后,使用鼓风机辅助降温;当温度降至120℃后,取出,获得(LTCC)陶瓷电路基板;获得LTCC电路基板, LTCC电路基板的厚度为0.28 mm、翘曲度为0.18%,,见图3中(b)。
Claims (4)
1.一种超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结方法,其特征在于具体操作步骤如下:
待烧的生瓷片的材料为氧化钙-氧化硼-氧化硅微晶玻璃、堇青石微晶玻璃、氧化铝-玻璃中的一种,生瓷片的厚度为0.127mm,待烧的生瓷片上使用的填孔导体浆料、印刷导体浆料均为金浆或银浆;
(1)生坯快速成型
将2-5片生瓷片直接堆叠,放入密封袋真空包装,在等静压机中进行层压,获得2-5层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组;将2-5层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组进行冲孔、用填孔导体浆料填孔,在2-5层堆叠的陶瓷生坯组的顶面和底面分别用印刷导体浆料印刷电路图形,获得待烧陶瓷生坯组;
(2)制作待烧机构
将所述待烧陶瓷生坯组放置在承烧板上,并在待烧陶瓷生坯组外围的承烧板上均布设有两组以上的垫片,在两组以上的垫片上盖上一块承烧板作为盖板,由承烧板、待烧陶瓷生坯组和盖板形成中空的三层夹心结构,即得待烧机构;
(3)分步去粘烧制
将所述待烧机构放入排胶炉中进行两步排胶去粘;第一步排胶去粘的烧制温度为230-270℃,时间10-20min;第二步排胶去粘的烧制温度为430-470℃,时间10-20min;两步排胶去粘的升温速率均为2-5℃/min、气流量均为100-150 NL/min;获得烧结中间过渡体;
(4)按常规致密化烧制
将所述烧结中间过渡体升温至陶瓷生坯烧结温度,按常规控制升温速率和气流量,并保温直至获得致密的陶瓷基板;具体条件是升温速率为6-10℃/min、气流量为200-300 NL/min、烧结温度为850-870℃、保温时间为10-20min;然后自然冷却降温,当温度低于630℃后,使用鼓风机辅助降温;当温度低于120℃后,取出烧结物,获得低温共烧陶瓷基板,低温共烧陶瓷基板的总厚度≤0.5 mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述承烧板为多孔二氧化硅板(SiO2)、多孔三氧化二铝板(Al2O3)、多孔氧化锆板(ZrO2),开孔率为50%-70%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中在承烧板上设有四组垫片,四组垫片分别放在承烧板的四个角处;每组垫片由4-8块垫片上下重叠放置组成,且高度相同;每组垫片的高度高于待烧陶瓷生坯组的高度,高度差为0.2-0.3mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超薄型低温共烧陶瓷基板的快速成型与烧结方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述垫片的材料与待烧的陶瓷生坯的材料相同,垫片为10-20mm的正方形。
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