CN106129630A - A kind of transceiver double-circle polarization helical antenna - Google Patents
A kind of transceiver double-circle polarization helical antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线。使用本发明能够实现异旋、双频、收发一体且宽波束。本发明的收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线，发射端位于天线顶端，通过顶端的馈电头同轴馈电，接收端位于天线底端，通过网络印制板上的功分移相网络底端馈电，发射端天线和接收端天线可任意就其所需的旋向、频段、方向图进行单独设计，进而可以得到所需的宽波束功能，实现异旋(或同旋)、双频、宽波束的收发一体天线，且受安装环境影响小，适用于UHF频段至X频段。
The invention discloses a dual-circular polarized helical antenna integrating transceiver. The invention can realize different rotation, dual frequency, integrated transceiver and wide beam. In the transceiver integrated dual-circularly polarized helical antenna of the present invention, the transmitting end is located at the top of the antenna, fed coaxially through the feed head at the top, and the receiving end is located at the bottom of the antenna, through the power division and phase shifting network at the bottom of the network printed board. Feeding, the antenna at the transmitting end and the antenna at the receiving end can be independently designed for the required rotation direction, frequency band, and pattern, and then the required wide beam function can be obtained to achieve different rotation (or co-rotation), dual frequency, The wide-beam transceiver antenna is less affected by the installation environment and is suitable for UHF to X-band.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信天线技术领域，具体涉及一种收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线。The invention relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a transceiver-integrated dual circularly polarized helical antenna.
背景技术Background technique
目前的星载宽波束螺旋天线无法同时实现双频异旋圆极化，收发天线为分开工作模式。为达到在实际应用中减少天线数量，同时满足测控通信需求的目的，需要对天线进行收发一体设计，使其能够在收发两个频段工作，且收发频段还应分别工作在两个不同旋向的圆极化下，通过单个收发一体天线实现以往两个天线的功能，减少安装位置，节省卫星制造成本。The current space-borne wide-beam helical antenna cannot achieve dual-frequency hetero-rotation circular polarization at the same time, and the transmitting and receiving antennas work in separate modes. In order to achieve the purpose of reducing the number of antennas in practical applications and meeting the needs of measurement and control communication, it is necessary to design an integrated transceiver for the antenna so that it can work in two frequency bands, and the frequency bands should also work in two different directions of rotation. Under circular polarization, the functions of the previous two antennas are realized through a single transceiver integrated antenna, which reduces the installation location and saves satellite manufacturing costs.
常规螺旋天线可实现宽波束功能，且受安装环境影响小，但无法做到异旋双频收发一体；交叉偶极子天线可利用电桥实现收发一体，但波束范围较窄，无法满足长时间通信的需求；有文献(用于移动卫星系统的宽波束双频微带天线现代雷达2008年12月第30卷第12期67-69)描述了通过微带介质天线可实现宽波束收发一体天线，但是此类天线实际安装后受安装环境影响大，若应用于星载等领域，波束势必变窄。因此，需设计一种新的双频双圆极化螺旋天线，以满足星上的收发一体化应用需求。The conventional helical antenna can realize the wide beam function and is less affected by the installation environment, but it cannot achieve the integration of dual-frequency transmission and reception in different rotations; the crossed dipole antenna can use the bridge to achieve the integration of transmission and reception, but the beam range is narrow and cannot meet the long-term requirements. Communication needs; there is a document (Wide-beam dual-frequency microstrip antenna modern radar for mobile satellite systems, December 2008, Volume 30, No. 12, 67-69) describes that a wide-beam transceiver antenna can be realized through a microstrip dielectric antenna , but the actual installation of this type of antenna is greatly affected by the installation environment. If it is used in spaceborne and other fields, the beam will inevitably become narrower. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new dual-frequency dual circularly polarized helical antenna to meet the requirements of integrated transceiver applications on the satellite.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线，能够实现异旋、双频、收发一体且宽波束。In view of this, the present invention provides a dual circularly polarized helical antenna with integrated transceiver, which can realize different rotation, dual frequency, integrated transceiver and wide beam.
本发明的收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线，包括同轴馈电管、圆极化天线I、圆极化天线II、底板、馈电探针、网络印制板和连接法兰，其中，同轴馈电管由内导体和外导体组成；同轴馈电管一端悬空，另一端通过连接法兰与底板固连；同轴馈电管悬空端的外导体和内导体焊接在一起；The transceiver integrated dual circularly polarized helical antenna of the present invention comprises a coaxial feeding tube, a circularly polarized antenna I, a circularly polarized antenna II, a bottom plate, a feeding probe, a network printed board and a connecting flange, wherein the same The axial feed tube is composed of an inner conductor and an outer conductor; one end of the coaxial feed tube is suspended, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom plate through a connecting flange; the outer conductor and the inner conductor of the suspended end of the coaxial feed tube are welded together;
圆极化天线I的一端通过馈电头与同轴馈电管的悬空端相连，形成同轴馈电；另一端接在外导体上；One end of the circularly polarized antenna I is connected to the suspended end of the coaxial feed tube through the feed head to form a coaxial feed; the other end is connected to the outer conductor;
网络印制板固定在底板的底面，网络印制板上刻画有功分移相网络；圆极化天线II的一端通过馈电探针与网络印制板上的功分移相网络连接，形成底端馈电；另一端接在外导体上；The network printed board is fixed on the bottom surface of the base plate, and the active power division phase-shifting network is depicted on the network printed board; one end of the circularly polarized antenna II is connected to the power division phase-shifting network on the network printed board through a feeding probe to form a base One end is fed; the other end is connected to the outer conductor;
圆极化天线I与圆极化天线II旋向相同或相异。Circularly polarized antenna I and circularly polarized antenna II have the same or different directions of rotation.
进一步地，所述圆极化天线I由四条左旋螺线组成，四条螺旋线均焊接在同轴馈电管的外导体上，通过自相移结构正交馈电形成圆极化；Further, the circularly polarized antenna I is composed of four left-handed helixes, and the four helixes are all welded on the outer conductor of the coaxial feed tube, and the circular polarization is formed by orthogonal feeding through the self-phase-shift structure;
所述圆极化天线II由4条右旋螺旋线组成，通过功分移相网络能使4条螺旋臂馈电端电流相等，相邻两条螺旋臂间相位依次两两相差90°以形成圆极化。The circularly polarized antenna II is composed of 4 right-handed helical wires, and the currents at the feeding ends of the 4 helical arms can be made equal through the power-dividing phase-shifting network, and the phases between the adjacent two helical arms are sequentially different by 90° to form circular polarization.
进一步地，所述圆极化天线I每根螺旋臂长为发射频段波长的一半；所述圆极化天线II的每根螺旋臂长为接收频段波长的一半。Further, the length of each helical arm of the circularly polarized antenna I is half of the wavelength of the transmitting frequency band; the length of each helical arm of the circularly polarized antenna II is half of the wavelength of the receiving frequency band.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
本发明提供了一种收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线，发射端位于天线顶端，通过顶端的馈电头同轴馈电，接收端位于天线底端，通过网络印制板上的功分移相网络底端馈电，发射端天线和接收端天线可任意就其所需的旋向、频段、方向图进行单独设计，进而可以得到所需的宽波束功能，实现异旋(或同旋)、双频、宽波束的收发一体天线，且受安装环境影响小，适用于UHF频段至X频段。The invention provides a dual-circularly polarized helical antenna integrating transceiver, the transmitting end is located at the top of the antenna, fed coaxially through the feeding head at the top, the receiving end is located at the bottom of the antenna, and the phase shifting is carried out through the power division on the network printed board. Feed at the bottom of the network, the antenna at the transmitting end and the antenna at the receiving end can be independently designed for the required rotation direction, frequency band, and pattern, and then the required wide beam function can be obtained to achieve different rotation (or co-rotation), Dual-band, wide-beam transceiver antenna, and less affected by the installation environment, suitable for UHF to X-band.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual circularly polarized helical antenna integrating transceiver of the present invention.
图2(a)为天线顶端自移相结构示意图；图2(b)为天线顶端连接局部放大图。Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the self-phase shifting structure at the top of the antenna; Figure 2(b) is a partial enlarged view of the connection at the top of the antenna.
图3为网络印制板结构示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the network printed board.
其中，1-内导体，2-连接法兰，3-外导体，4-网络印制板，5-左旋螺旋线，6-馈电头，7-馈电探针，8-底板，9-右旋螺旋线。Among them, 1-inner conductor, 2-connecting flange, 3-outer conductor, 4-network printed board, 5-left-handed helix, 6-feed head, 7-feed probe, 8-bottom plate, 9- Right-handed helix.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图并举实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
本发明提供了一种收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线，通过对上下两个螺旋分别通过底馈和顶馈同时馈电，实现异旋、双频的宽波束收发一体天线。The present invention provides a dual-circularly polarized helical antenna with integrated transceiver, which realizes the integrated antenna with different rotation and dual frequency and wide beam by feeding power to the upper and lower helices through bottom feed and top feed respectively.
如图1所示，本发明的收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线包括同轴馈电管、圆极化天线I、圆极化天线II、底板8、馈电探针7、网络印制板4和连接法兰2；其中，所述同轴馈电管由内导体1和外导体3组成，同轴馈电管顶端的外导体和内导体焊接在一起；同轴馈电管底端的外导体通过连接法兰2与底板8固连，同轴馈电管底端的内导体与SMA连接器内导体相连，SMA连接器属于元器件，采购后安装到天线上即可。As shown in Figure 1, the transceiver integrated dual circularly polarized helical antenna of the present invention includes a coaxial feed tube, a circularly polarized antenna I, a circularly polarized antenna II, a base plate 8, a feed probe 7, and a network printed board 4 and connecting flange 2; wherein, the coaxial feed tube is composed of an inner conductor 1 and an outer conductor 3, and the outer conductor and the inner conductor at the top of the coaxial feed tube are welded together; the outer conductor at the bottom end of the coaxial feed tube The connecting flange 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 8, and the inner conductor at the bottom of the coaxial feed tube is connected to the inner conductor of the SMA connector. The SMA connector is a component and can be installed on the antenna after purchase.
圆极化天线I安装在同轴馈电管的顶端，形成收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线的发射端，其中，圆极化天线I的顶端通过馈电头6与同轴馈电管顶端相连，末端直接连在外导体3上。圆极化天线I每根螺旋臂长约为发射频段波长的一半。The circularly polarized antenna 1 is installed on the top of the coaxial feed tube to form the transmitting end of the integrated dual circularly polarized helical antenna, wherein the top of the circularly polarized antenna 1 is connected to the top of the coaxial feed tube through the feed head 6 , the end is directly connected to the outer conductor 3. The length of each helical arm of the circularly polarized antenna I is about half of the wavelength of the transmitting band.
圆极化天线II安装在同轴馈电管的底端，形成收发一体双圆极化螺旋天线的接收端。网络印制板4固定在底板8的底端，网络印制板4上刻画有功分移相网络；圆极化天线II的一端通过馈电探针7与网络印制板4连接，形成底端馈电，圆极化天线II的另一端直接连在外导体3上。通过网络印制板4上的功分移相网络使圆极化天线II馈电端电流相等，相位均匀分布。圆极化天线II的每根螺旋臂长为接收频段波长的一半。Circularly polarized antenna II is installed at the bottom of the coaxial feed tube to form the receiving end of the dual circularly polarized helical antenna integrating transceiver. The network printed board 4 is fixed on the bottom of the bottom plate 8, and the active power division phase-shifting network is depicted on the network printed board 4; one end of the circularly polarized antenna II is connected to the network printed board 4 through the feeding probe 7 to form the bottom Feed, the other end of the circularly polarized antenna II is directly connected to the outer conductor 3. Through the power division phase-shifting network on the network printed board 4, the currents at the feeding terminals of the circularly polarized antenna II are equal and the phases are evenly distributed. The length of each helical arm of the circularly polarized antenna II is half the wavelength of the receiving frequency band.
发射端和接收端的圆极化天线(即发射、接收天线)可任意就其所需的旋向、频段、方向图进行单独设计，一体实现，既可得到所需的宽波束功能，又可同时设计成异旋、双频的收发一体天线，且受安装环境影响小，适用于UHF频段至X频段。也可以将收发端天线设计为同旋双频。The circularly polarized antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end (i.e., transmitting and receiving antennas) can be independently designed for their required rotation direction, frequency band, and pattern, and realized in one piece, which can not only obtain the required wide beam function, but also simultaneously Designed as a dual-rotation, dual-band transceiver antenna, and is less affected by the installation environment, it is suitable for UHF to X-band. The transceiver antenna can also be designed as co-rotating dual-frequency.
本发明以S频段为例进行说明，设计了一种发射右旋圆极化、接收左旋圆极化的双频宽波束收发一体天线。In the present invention, the S frequency band is taken as an example for illustration, and a dual-band width beam transmitting and receiving integrated antenna for transmitting right-handed circular polarization and receiving left-handed circular polarization is designed.
天线的结构由螺旋线、内外导体、底板、网络印制板上的功分移相馈电网络以及用于与天线连接的接插件等部件组成。该星载宽波束收发一体天线工作于S频段的两个不同频率中，收、发波长分别约为140mm和130mm，示意图见图1、图2：顶部发射部分采用同轴顶端馈电方式馈电，发射部分天线极化旋向右旋，则螺旋线结构旋向为左旋，则四条顺时针(自上向下看)螺旋线5分别与同轴馈电外导体3、内导体1在顶端通过馈电头6相连，螺旋线5的末端直接连在外导体上3，外导体3上有用于平衡馈电的长度为四分之一发射波长的开槽，其中相对的两条螺旋线单元长于谐振长度以产生一个+45°的相角，另外两条相对的螺旋线则短于谐振长度以产生-45°的相角，形成自移相结构(如图2(a)所示)，通过自相移结构正交馈电实现圆极化，四条螺旋线5其中一对相对的两条要调短，螺旋直径为17.5mm，螺距106mm，圈数0.5圈，螺旋线线径1.2mm，另外一对相对的两条螺旋线则调长，螺旋直径为20.3mm，螺距106mm，圈数0.5圈，螺旋线线径1.2mm。收发一体天线底部有功分移相网络印制板4，四条相同的逆时针螺旋线9通过馈电探针7与功分移相网络印制板4在底端焊接，功分移相网络能使四条螺旋臂馈电端电流相等，相邻两条螺旋臂间相位依次两两相差90°以形成圆极化，螺旋线9螺旋直径为24.1mm，螺距108mm，圈数0.5圈，螺旋线线径1.2mm，螺旋线9的末端直接连在外导体上3。The structure of the antenna is composed of helical wires, inner and outer conductors, a bottom plate, a power division phase-shifting feed network on the network printed board, and a connector for connecting to the antenna. The space-borne wide-beam transceiver antenna works in two different frequencies of the S-band, and the receiving and transmitting wavelengths are about 140mm and 130mm respectively. The schematic diagrams are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2: the top transmitting part is fed by coaxial top feeding , the antenna polarization of the transmitting part is rotated to the right, and the helix structure is rotated to the left, then the four clockwise (from top to bottom) helixes 5 pass through the coaxial feed outer conductor 3 and inner conductor 1 respectively at the top The feed head 6 is connected, and the end of the helix 5 is directly connected to the outer conductor 3, and the outer conductor 3 has a slot with a length of a quarter of the emission wavelength for balanced feeding, and the two opposite helix units are longer than the resonance length to produce a phase angle of +45°, and the other two opposite helixes are shorter than the resonance length to produce a phase angle of -45°, forming a self-phase-shifting structure (as shown in Figure 2(a)), through self- Orthogonal feeding of phase-shifting structure realizes circular polarization. Two of the four helical wires 5 should be shortened. Then lengthen the two opposite helical wires, the helical diameter is 20.3mm, the pitch is 106mm, the number of turns is 0.5, and the helical wire diameter is 1.2mm. The active power division phase-shifting network printed board 4 at the bottom of the transceiver integrated antenna, four identical counterclockwise helical wires 9 are soldered to the power division phase-shifting network printed board 4 at the bottom through the feed probe 7, and the power division phase-shifting network can make The currents at the feeder ends of the four helical arms are equal, and the phases between two adjacent helical arms are 90° in turn to form circular polarization. 1.2mm, the end of the helix 9 is directly connected to the outer conductor 3 .
网络印制板4的示意图见图3，所用板材为Rogers5880，板厚0.508mm。线g经第一级功分器进行等功率分配后，延长其中一条输出线a使其比线b长54mm，此时两输出线a、线b相位相差180°；同样的，在进行第二级等功率分配后，分别延长其中两条输出线c、线e，使其比线d、线f分别长27mm，产生90°相移，最终使四个输出端口输出功率幅度相等，相位两两间依次相差90°。图3中，线a～线g的线宽均为1.51mm，线长保证上述相对尺寸即可，其余未标注编号的细线线宽均为0.83mm，线长均为27mm，阴影部位为三只焊在相应线上的贴片电阻，其阻值均为100欧姆。图中较大圆孔为外导体3过孔，四个较小圆孔为网络印制板4与四条螺旋线9的焊点位置。The schematic diagram of the network printed board 4 is shown in FIG. 3 , the board used is Rogers5880, and the board thickness is 0.508 mm. After line g is distributed by the first-stage power divider for equal power, extend one of the output lines a to make it 54mm longer than line b. At this time, the phase difference between the two output lines a and line b is 180°; similarly, in the second After class power distribution, two of the output lines c and e are respectively extended to make them 27mm longer than line d and line f respectively, and a 90° phase shift is generated, so that the output power amplitudes of the four output ports are finally equal, and the phases are two by two. There is a 90° difference between them. In Figure 3, the line width of line a to line g is 1.51mm, and the line length can ensure the relative size mentioned above. The chip resistors that are only soldered on the corresponding lines have a resistance value of 100 ohms. The larger round holes in the figure are the via holes of the outer conductor 3 , and the four smaller round holes are the solder joint positions of the network printed board 4 and the four helical wires 9 .
天线中，接插件为SMA射频接插件，印制板为Rogers5880材质，其余零件均为铜或其他导电率良好的金属材质。In the antenna, the connector is an SMA RF connector, the printed board is made of Rogers5880, and the rest of the parts are made of copper or other metal materials with good conductivity.
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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